Tunnel vault outer formwork trolley

Abstract

The invention provides a tunnel vault outer formwork trolley, which belongs to the technical field of railway and highway tunnel construction and comprises a trolley truss and two groups of telescopic connecting mechanisms. The two sides of the trolley truss are respectively provided with a walking mechanism moving along the crown beam, the trolley truss moves in the length direction of the tunnel through the two walking mechanisms, and the lower end of the trolley truss is provided with a connecting component. The two sets of telescopic connecting mechanisms are sequentially arranged in the length direction of the tunnel, the lower ends of the two sets of telescopic connecting mechanisms are both connected to the outer formwork, the telescopic connecting mechanisms have the axial telescopic free amount and are switched to the stretching state and the shortening state respectively, and the upper ends of the telescopic connecting mechanisms in the stretching state are connected with the connecting components. According to the tunnel vault outer formwork trolley, continuous movement of the outer formwork in the length direction of a tunnel can be achieved, the trolley truss and the outer formwork do not need to be disassembled and assembled repeatedly, time and labor are saved, and the construction progress is greatly accelerated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of railway and highway tunnel construction, and more specifically, relates to a tunnel vault outer template trolley. Background Art

[0002] At present, the construction industry is transforming towards standardization, quality and efficiency. The design speed of high-speed railways is constantly increasing, and new tooling and tools are constantly being adopted to improve labor efficiency and construction quality. Economic and efficient development is the future development trend of the construction industry.

[0003] The traditional straight-wall arched open-cut tunnel vault construction has complicated external formwork disassembly and assembly, low construction efficiency, time-consuming and labor-intensive, and the quality of the concrete appearance cannot be guaranteed, resulting in poor economic efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a tunnel vault outer formwork trolley, which is quick and convenient to move the outer formwork, saves trouble and labor, and greatly improves the progress of construction.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: to provide a tunnel vault outer template trolley, comprising: A trolley truss, wherein running mechanisms moving along the crown beam are respectively arranged on both sides of the trolley truss, and the trolley truss moves along the length direction of the tunnel with the aid of the two running mechanisms, and a connecting member is arranged at the lower end of the trolley truss; Two groups of telescopic connection mechanisms are arranged in sequence along the length direction of the tunnel. The lower ends of the two groups of telescopic connection mechanisms are connected to the outer formwork. The telescopic connection mechanisms have axial telescopic freedom. The two telescopic connection mechanisms are switched to an extended state and a shortened state respectively. The upper end of the telescopic connection mechanism in the extended state is connected to the connecting member and drives the telescopic connection mechanism in the shortened state to pass from under the concrete support.

[0006] In a possible implementation, the running mechanism includes a main running wheel, a first auxiliary running wheel and a second auxiliary running wheel, the main running wheel, the first auxiliary running wheel and the second auxiliary running wheel are all arranged on the same side of the lower end surface of the trolley truss, and the first auxiliary running wheel is located on the outside of the main running wheel, and the second auxiliary running wheel is located on the inside of the main running wheel, the main running wheel moves along the upper end surface of the crown beam, the first auxiliary running wheel moves along the outer side wall of the water retaining edge, and the second auxiliary running wheel moves along the inner side wall of the crown beam.

[0007] In a possible implementation, a rotating arm is provided on one side of the lower end surface of the trolley truss, the second secondary running wheel is provided on the outer side of the rotating arm, the upper end of the rotating arm is hinged to the lower end surface of the trolley truss, and a lifting drive component is provided on the same side of the trolley truss, the lifting drive component is located on the inner side of the rotating arm, the lifting drive component is hinged to the lower end of the rotating arm, the lifting drive component is used to drive the rotating arm to rotate until the second secondary running wheel is in contact with the inner side wall of the crown beam, or the lifting drive component is used to drive the rotating arm to rotate to above the concrete support to avoid the concrete support.

[0008] In a possible implementation, a connecting plate is provided on one side of the lower end surface of the trolley truss, the upper part of the rotating arm is hinged to the lower part of the connecting plate by a penetrating hinge shaft, the upper end of the connecting plate is provided with a first positioning hole, the first positioning hole is located above the hinge shaft, the upper end of the rotating arm is provided with a second positioning hole, the second positioning hole is located above the hinge shaft, when the rotating arm is rotated to a state where the second auxiliary running wheel is in contact with the inner wall of the crown beam, a positioning pin is coaxially provided through the first positioning hole and the second positioning hole.

[0009] In a possible implementation, the lifting drive member is an electric hoist, which is installed at the upper end of one side of the trolley truss and located on the inner side of the rotating arm, and the sling of the electric hoist is connected to the lower end of the rotating arm.

[0010] In a possible implementation, the connecting member includes a plurality of connecting ear plates, which are fixed to the lower end surface of the trolley truss at intervals in sequence along the left-right direction of the trolley truss, and each group of the telescopic connection mechanism includes a plurality of hydraulic rods, which are fixed to the upper end surface of the outer template at intervals in sequence along the left-right direction of the outer template, and the plurality of connecting ear plates are connected to the plurality of hydraulic rods of the same group in a one-to-one correspondence.

[0011] In a possible implementation, the lower end of the hydraulic rod is connected to an extended steel pipe, and the lower end of the extended steel pipe is fixed to the upper end surface of the outer template.

[0012] In a possible implementation, the trolley truss includes multiple groups of triangular frames, several inclined beams are welded inside the triangular frames, the multiple groups of triangular frames are connected in sequence along the length direction of the tunnel, and the running mechanism is provided on both sides of each group of triangular frames.

[0013] The beneficial effect of a tunnel vault external formwork trolley provided by the present invention is that: compared with the prior art, the trolley truss moves along the length direction of the tunnel with the help of two running mechanisms, one group of telescopic connection mechanisms is in an extended state, and the other group of telescopic connection mechanisms is in a shortened state, and the group of telescopic connection mechanisms in the extended state is connected to the lower end of the connecting member, thereby driving the external formwork to move along the length direction of the tunnel. When the group of telescopic connection mechanisms in the extended state touches the concrete support, the group of telescopic connection mechanisms in the extended state is disconnected from the connecting member and switched to a shortened state, and the upper end of the group of telescopic connection mechanisms in the shortened state is lower than the lower end surface of the concrete support. At this time, the other group of telescopic connection mechanisms in the shortened state is switched to the extended state, and the trolley truss moves forward or backward to the upper part of the connecting member and the telescopic connection mechanism in the extended state and connects, and the trolley truss continues to drive the external formwork to move until the group of telescopic connection mechanisms in the extended state touches the concrete support again, and the above steps are repeated, so that the external formwork can be continuously moved along the length direction of the tunnel, without repeatedly disassembling and assembling the trolley truss and the external formwork, saving time and labor, and greatly improving the progress of construction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0015] Figure 1 A state diagram of a tunnel vault external formwork trolley provided in the first embodiment of the present invention without having to avoid concrete support; Figure 2 for Figure 1 A partial enlarged view of the M in the middle; Figure 3 A state diagram of a tunnel vault outer formwork trolley that needs to avoid concrete support provided by the first embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 for Figure 3 A local enlarged view of the N position in the middle; Figure 5 A state diagram of a tunnel vault external formwork trolley provided in a second embodiment of the present invention without having to avoid concrete support; Figure 6 A state diagram of a tunnel vault outer formwork trolley that needs to avoid concrete support provided by the second embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 Working state of a tunnel vault outer template trolley provided by the present invention Figure 1 ; Figure 8Working state of a tunnel vault outer template trolley provided by the present invention Figure 2 ; Fig. 9 Working state of a tunnel vault outer template trolley provided by the present invention Figure 3 ; Fig.10 Working state of a tunnel vault outer template trolley provided by the present invention Figure 4 ; Fig.11 Working state of a tunnel vault outer template trolley provided by the present invention Figure 5 .

[0016] In the figure: 100, arch; 200, crown beam; 300, water retaining edge; 400, concrete support; 500, outer formwork; 510, hydraulic rod; 520, extension steel pipe; 600, trolley truss; 610, main running wheel; 620, first auxiliary running wheel; 630, second auxiliary running wheel; 640, rotating arm; 641, second positioning hole; 650, electric hoist; 660, connecting plate; 661, first positioning hole; 670, connecting ear plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0018] Unless explicitly defined otherwise, the use of terms such as "first," "second," or "third," etc., are intended to distinguish different objects rather than to describe a specific order.

[0019] Unless otherwise expressly defined, directional words such as the terms "center", "lateral", "longitudinal", "horizontal", "vertical", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "high", "low", etc., indicating directions or positional relationships are based on the directions and positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction or be constructed and operated in a specific direction, so they cannot be understood as limiting the specific scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] See also Figures 1 to 11 Now, a tunnel vault external formwork trolley provided by the present invention is described. A tunnel vault external formwork trolley comprises a trolley truss and two sets of telescopic connection mechanisms.

[0021] Traveling mechanisms that move along the crown beam are respectively arranged on both sides of the trolley truss. The trolley truss moves along the length direction of the tunnel with the help of the two traveling mechanisms. A connecting member is arranged at the lower end of the trolley truss; two groups of telescopic connecting mechanisms are arranged in sequence along the length direction of the tunnel, and the lower ends of the two groups of telescopic connecting mechanisms are connected to the outer formwork. The telescopic connecting mechanisms have axial telescopic freedom. The two telescopic connecting mechanisms are switched to an extended state and a shortened state respectively. The upper end of the telescopic connecting mechanism in the extended state is connected to the above-mentioned connecting member, and drives the telescopic connecting mechanism in the shortened state to pass from under the concrete support.

[0022] The present invention provides a tunnel vault external formwork trolley. Compared with the prior art, the trolley truss moves along the length direction of the tunnel with the help of two running mechanisms, one group of telescopic connection mechanisms is in an extended state, and the other group of telescopic connection mechanisms is in a shortened state. The group of telescopic connection mechanisms in the extended state is connected to the lower end of the connecting member, thereby driving the external formwork to move along the length direction of the tunnel. When the group of telescopic connection mechanisms in the extended state touches the concrete support, the group of telescopic connection mechanisms in the extended state is disconnected from the connecting member and switched to a shortened state, and the upper end of the group of telescopic connection mechanisms in the shortened state is lower than the lower end surface of the concrete support. At this time, the other group of telescopic connection mechanisms in the shortened state is switched to the extended state, and the trolley truss moves forward or backward to the upper part of the connecting member and the telescopic connection mechanism in the extended state and connects, and the trolley truss continues to drive the external formwork to move until the group of telescopic connection mechanisms in the extended state touches the concrete support again, and the above steps are repeated, so that the external formwork can be continuously moved along the length direction of the tunnel, without repeatedly disassembling and assembling the trolley truss and the external formwork, saving time and labor, and greatly improving the progress of construction.

[0023] See also Figure 1 to Figure 2 The running mechanism includes a main running wheel, a first auxiliary running wheel and a second auxiliary running wheel. The main running wheel, the first auxiliary running wheel and the second auxiliary running wheel are all arranged on the same side of the lower end surface of the trolley truss, and the first auxiliary running wheel is located on the outside of the main running wheel, and the second auxiliary running wheel is located on the inside of the main running wheel. The main running wheel moves along the upper end surface of the crown beam, the first auxiliary running wheel moves along the outer side wall of the water retaining edge, and the second auxiliary running wheel moves along the inner side wall of the crown beam.

[0024] The main running wheel, the first auxiliary running wheel and the second auxiliary running wheel of this running mechanism are all installed on the same side of the lower end face of the trolley truss, forming a relatively compact running system with clear functions. As the main load-bearing and driving wheel, the main running wheel moves along the upper end face of the crown beam, bears most of the weight of the trolley truss, and pushes the equipment forward through friction with the upper end face of the crown beam or other driving methods. The first auxiliary running wheel moves along the outer wall of the water retaining edge. Its main function is to assist the main running wheel to maintain the running direction of the equipment. At the same time, when the equipment turns or encounters lateral force, it provides additional support and guidance to ensure that the equipment does not deviate from the predetermined track. The second auxiliary running wheel moves along the inner wall of the crown beam and cooperates with the main running wheel to further improve the stability and accuracy of the equipment's running. It can play a certain buffering and compensation role when the main running wheel is subjected to uneven force or encounters uneven track, so that the equipment can travel more stably on the crown beam. The first auxiliary running wheel and the second auxiliary running wheel can both limit the main running wheel to prevent the trolley truss from shaking left and right, control its running trajectory, and avoid it from hitting the water retaining edge or falling into the foundation pit.

[0025] See also Figures 1 to 4 A rotating arm is provided on one side of the lower end surface of the trolley truss, the second secondary running wheel is provided on the outer side of the rotating arm, the upper end of the rotating arm is hinged to the lower end surface of the trolley truss, and a lifting drive component is provided on the same side of the trolley truss. The lifting drive component is located on the inner side of the rotating arm, and the lifting drive component is hinged to the lower end of the rotating arm. The lifting drive component is used to drive the rotating arm to rotate until the second secondary running wheel is attached to the inner side wall of the crown beam, or the lifting drive component is used to drive the rotating arm to rotate to the top of the concrete support to avoid the concrete support.

[0026] The trolley truss plays a key supporting and bearing role in tunnel construction. The rotating arm set on one side of its lower end surface provides a strong guarantee for the flexibility and adaptability of the entire running mechanism. The second auxiliary running wheel is installed on the outside of the rotating arm. This layout enables the second auxiliary running wheel to interact effectively with different structures in the tunnel under different construction stages and working conditions. The upper end of the rotating arm is connected to the lower end of the trolley truss by an articulated connection. This connection method gives the rotating arm a certain degree of rotation freedom. The lifting drive located on the inner side of the rotating arm becomes the key factor in controlling the rotation of the rotating arm.

[0027] When there is no need to avoid the concrete support, the lifting drive drives the rotating arm to rotate downward until the second pair of running wheels fits the inner wall of the crown beam. In this process, the second pair of running wheels will gradually approach and finally fit the inner wall of the crown beam, ensuring that the running mechanism can move stably and accurately along the predetermined trajectory, ensuring the stability and accuracy of the overall movement of the trolley truss, and laying a solid foundation for the subsequent tunnel construction process.

[0028] When encountering a concrete support structure, the lifting drive shows another important function. It starts again and drives the rotating arm to rotate in the opposite direction, lifting the rotating arm upward, and then drives the second pair of running wheels to rise above the concrete support. This action design cleverly achieves the avoidance of the concrete support, avoiding the collision or interference between the second pair of running wheels and the concrete support, ensuring the smooth progress of construction and the safety of equipment and structures. Throughout the process, the coordination between the rotating arm and the lifting drive fully reflects the exquisiteness of the design of the running mechanism of the tunnel vault external formwork trolley, which can effectively adapt to the complex and changeable construction environment and structural layout in the tunnel, greatly improving construction efficiency and quality.

[0029] See also Figure 2 and Figure 4 A connecting plate is provided on one side of the lower end surface of the trolley truss, and the upper part of the rotating arm is hinged to the lower part of the connecting plate through a penetrating hinge shaft. A first positioning hole is provided at the upper end of the connecting plate, and the first positioning hole is located above the hinge shaft. A second positioning hole is provided at the upper end of the rotating arm, and the second positioning hole is located above the hinge shaft. When the rotating arm rotates to a state where the second auxiliary running wheel is in contact with the inner wall of the crown beam, a positioning pin is coaxially provided with the first positioning hole and the second positioning hole.

[0030] In the structural system of the trolley truss, the setting of the connecting plate provides a stable and reliable connection foundation for the articulation of the rotating arm. Through the penetrating articulation shaft, the upper part of the rotating arm and the lower part of the connecting plate are flexibly connected, so that the rotating arm can smoothly rotate around the articulation shaft. When the rotating arm rotates to a specific position, that is, the second auxiliary running wheel is precisely fitted to the inner wall of the crown beam, the rotating arm is in a working state that is extremely critical to the normal operation of the entire running mechanism.

[0031] In order to ensure the stability and reliability of the rotating arm in this ideal working position, a first positioning hole is specially designed at the upper end of the connecting plate, and a second positioning hole is correspondingly set at the upper end of the rotating arm, and both are located above the hinge axis. When the rotating arm is rotated into place, the first positioning hole and the second positioning hole are exactly coaxial, and the positioning pin can smoothly pass through them. The insertion of the positioning pin is like putting a "lock" on the rotating arm in this working position, which effectively limits the unnecessary rotation of the rotating arm and prevents the second auxiliary running wheel from deviating from the ideal fit state with the inner wall of the crown beam due to interference from external factors. This positioning mechanism greatly enhances the stability and accuracy of the running mechanism during operation, ensures the stability and reliability of the trolley truss when moving along the inner wall of the crown beam, reduces the construction quality problems that may be caused by equipment shaking or displacement deviation, and provides a solid mechanical structure guarantee for the efficient and high-quality advancement of tunnel construction.

[0032] When the pivoting arm successfully passes over the concrete support, the next operation plays a vital role in the resetting and continuous stable operation of the entire trolley truss running mechanism. At this time, it is necessary to pull out the locating pins that were previously inserted into the first locating hole and the second locating hole. The removal of the locating pins removes the restriction on the rotation of the pivoting arm, allowing the pivoting arm to begin to rotate downward relative to the connecting plate under the action of its own gravity and related mechanical structures. During the rotation process, the second auxiliary running wheel on the outside of the pivoting arm gradually approaches the inner wall of the crown beam. As the rotation continues, the second auxiliary running wheel finally fits the inner wall of the crown beam again and returns to the normal running working position. This effectively ensures that the trolley truss moves continuously and stably along the inner wall of the crown beam in the tunnel, reduces the construction stagnation time caused by obstacles, and improves the overall efficiency and progress of tunnel construction.

[0033] See also Figures 1 to 4 The lifting drive is an electric hoist, which is installed at the upper end of one side of the trolley truss and located on the inner side of the rotating arm. The sling of the electric hoist is connected to the lower end of the rotating arm. As a lifting drive, the electric hoist plays an extremely critical role in the tunnel vault external formwork trolley system. It is installed at the upper end of one side of the trolley truss and on the inner side of the rotating arm. This layout not only makes full use of the spatial structure of the trolley truss, but also effectively forms a reasonable mechanical transmission relationship with the rotating arm. The sling of the electric hoist is connected to the lower end of the rotating arm. When the electric hoist is started, the lifting and lowering drive of the rotating arm is realized by retracting and releasing the sling.

[0034] When it is necessary to cross the concrete support, the electric hoist starts the cable collection action, and the sling gradually shortens, thereby pulling the rotating arm to rotate upward around the hinge axis, driving the rotating arm to rise above the concrete support. After crossing the concrete support, the electric hoist performs the cable release action, the sling extends, and the rotating arm rotates downward around the hinge axis under the action of gravity and other factors, so that the second pair of running wheels fits the inner wall of the crown beam. The electric hoist has the characteristics of convenient operation and high control accuracy. It can well adapt to the complex and changeable working conditions in tunnel construction. Its remote control or automatic control characteristics also provide convenience for modern tunnel construction management, greatly improve the equipment controllability and construction efficiency during the construction process, and reduce the errors and risks that may be caused by manual intervention.

[0035] Specifically, the connecting member includes a plurality of connecting ear plates, which are fixed to the lower end surface of the trolley truss at intervals in sequence along the left and right directions of the trolley truss, and each group of telescopic connection mechanisms includes a plurality of hydraulic rods, which are fixed to the upper end surface of the outer template at intervals in sequence along the left and right directions of the outer template, and the plurality of connecting ear plates are connected to the plurality of hydraulic rods of the same group one by one. The plurality of connecting ear plates have a clear layout and functional significance in the structural system of the trolley truss. They are firmly fixed to the lower end surface at intervals in sequence along the left and right directions of the trolley truss, forming a stable and orderly connection infrastructure. This spacing distribution method helps to evenly disperse the force, whether it is the inertial force and friction force generated during the movement of the trolley truss, or the tension and pressure borne when working in coordination with the telescopic connection mechanism, can be distributed to the overall structure of the trolley truss more evenly through the plurality of connecting ear plates, avoiding local stress concentration and causing structural damage or deformation.

[0036] The multiple hydraulic rods are also fixed to the upper end surface of the outer template at intervals along the left and right directions of the outer template. Such a layout can make the outer template relatively uniform when it is subjected to the force from the telescopic connection mechanism, ensuring the overall stability and shape retention ability of the outer template. Multiple connecting ear plates are connected one by one with multiple hydraulic rods in the same group, building a precise and reliable force transmission link. When the hydraulic rod of the telescopic connection mechanism performs telescopic action, the force is effectively transmitted between the trolley truss and the outer template through the connection point between the connecting ear plate and the hydraulic rod. For example, when the height, angle or position of the outer template needs to be adjusted, the force generated by the telescopic change of the hydraulic rod can accurately act on the trolley truss through the connecting ear plate, thereby driving the entire trolley truss to make a corresponding action response, or vice versa, the external force on the trolley truss is transmitted to the outer template, so that the outer template can maintain a suitable posture and position according to the construction requirements, thereby ensuring that the tunnel vault outer template trolley can accurately complete a series of complex and critical tasks such as template positioning, support and movement during tunnel construction, thereby improving the quality and efficiency of tunnel construction.

[0037] See also Figure 5 and Figure 6 The lower end of the hydraulic rod is connected to an extension steel pipe, and the lower end of the extension steel pipe is fixed to the upper end face of the outer template. The extension steel pipe first plays a role in length compensation. Due to the differences in design and construction requirements of different tunnel projects, the distance between the outer template and the trolley truss is not fixed. By installing extension steel pipes of different lengths and specifications, it can flexibly adapt to this distance change, ensure that the hydraulic rod can effectively play a role within the appropriate stroke range, and realize precise control of the posture and position of the outer template.

[0038] From the perspective of mechanical transmission, the extended steel pipe provides a more stable and uniform force transmission path between the hydraulic rod and the outer formwork. When the force generated by the hydraulic rod during the extension and retraction process is transmitted to the outer formwork through the extended steel pipe, the local stress concentration phenomenon that may be caused by direct connection can be avoided. Its relatively large contact area and long force transmission path can make the force more evenly dispersed to the upper end face of the outer formwork, thereby ensuring the overall stability of the outer formwork during the force process and reducing the risk of deformation or damage caused by uneven force.

[0039] Specifically, the trolley truss includes multiple sets of triangular frames, several inclined beams are welded inside the triangular frames, and multiple sets of triangular frames are connected in sequence along the length direction of the tunnel, and a running mechanism is set on both sides of each set of triangular frames. The trolley truss adopts a structural design of multiple sets of triangular frames, which has many significant advantages. As a stable geometric structure, the triangular frame itself has strong stability in mechanical properties and can effectively carry and disperse forces from all directions. The several inclined beams welded inside further enhance the strength and rigidity of the triangular frame. These inclined beams are like "reinforcements" in the skeleton. They cooperate with each side of the triangular frame to form a more complex and stable force conduction network. When the trolley is running or performing construction work in the tunnel, whether it is its own gravity, the vibration impact force during the running process, or the external force borne in the construction links such as template installation and concrete pouring, it can be evenly dispersed to the entire truss structure through the synergistic effect of the triangular frame and the inclined beams, avoiding excessive concentration of local stress and causing structural deformation or damage.

[0040] Multiple sets of triangular frames are connected in sequence along the length of the tunnel to form a continuous trolley truss with sufficient length and span. This connection method ensures the stability and continuity of the trolley in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, so that it can adapt to the construction needs of tunnel sections of different lengths. Running mechanisms are set on both sides of each set of triangular frames, making the movement of the trolley in the tunnel more stable and flexible. The running mechanism works closely with the triangular frame to accurately control the moving speed, direction and position of the trolley according to the actual terrain, track conditions and construction process requirements of the tunnel. For example, when driving in a curved section of the tunnel, the running mechanisms on both sides can be adjusted at different speeds or steering angles to allow the trolley to move smoothly along the predetermined curved trajectory. At the same time, the triangular frame ensures that in this dynamic process, the entire trolley structure still maintains sufficient strength and stability, and will not cause structural instability due to the movement of the running mechanism, thereby providing a reliable mobile platform and structural support for key processes such as template installation and concrete pouring during tunnel construction, effectively ensuring the efficient, safe and high-quality advancement of tunnel construction.

[0041] Specifically, the trolley truss is connected by three groups of triangular frames. The bottom of the triangular frame uses two 15.6m long 22# I-beams and welds them as supports. The 15.6m I-beam is formed by butt welding of 12m and 3.6m I-beams. The butt joints of the two I-beams are respectively set at both ends and cannot be set on the same section. The joints are strengthened. The inclined beam also uses 22# I-beams, 6.2m long, and two are welded to form an oblique brace. Several small oblique rods are welded with 22# channel steel inside the triangular frame to form a truss. Five connecting ear plates are evenly arranged on the lower end surface of the triangular frame for connecting five hydraulic rods, and running mechanisms are set on both sides of the lower end surface of the triangular frame.

[0042] The specific construction method of a tunnel vault external formwork trolley provided by the present invention is as follows: Step 1: Please refer to Figure 7 The trolley truss is straddled above the crown beam, the main running wheels on both sides are respectively overlapped on the upper end surfaces of the crown beams on both sides, the first auxiliary running wheel is mounted on the outer wall of the water retaining edge, and the second auxiliary running wheel is mounted on the inner wall of the crown beam. Multiple hydraulic rods in one set of telescopic connection mechanisms are in an extended state, and the upper ends are connected to multiple connecting ear plates at the lower end of the trolley truss one by one, and multiple hydraulic rods in the remaining sets of telescopic connection mechanisms are in a shortened state and are lower than the lower end surface of the concrete support. The trolley truss drives the outer formwork to move along the length direction of the tunnel under the action of the running mechanism. When the multiple hydraulic rods in the extended state touch the concrete support, the trolley truss stops moving further.

[0043] Step 2: Please refer to Figure 8 , the multiple connecting lugs of the trolley truss are disconnected from the multiple hydraulic rods, and at the same time, the multiple hydraulic rods in the originally extended state are adjusted to the shortened state, so that the upper ends of the multiple hydraulic rods are lower than the lower end surface of the concrete support. A group of multiple hydraulic rods in the shortened state on the front side are adjusted to the extended state, and the trolley truss moves forward until the multiple connecting lugs correspond to the multiple hydraulic rods in the extended state and are connected respectively.

[0044] Step 3: Please refer to Fig. 9 The trolley truss drives the outer formwork to move along the length direction of the tunnel under the action of the traveling mechanism. When multiple hydraulic rods in the extended state touch the concrete support, the trolley truss stops moving.

[0045] Step 4: Please refer to Fig.10 , the multiple connecting lugs of the trolley truss are disconnected from the multiple hydraulic rods, and at the same time, the multiple hydraulic rods that were originally in an extended state are adjusted to a shortened state, so that the upper ends of the multiple hydraulic rods are lower than the lower end surface of the concrete support. A group of multiple hydraulic rods that were originally in a shortened state on the rear side are adjusted to an extended state, and the trolley truss moves backward until the multiple connecting lugs correspond to the multiple hydraulic rods in the extended state and are connected respectively.

[0046] Step 5: Please refer to Fig.11 The trolley truss drives the lower outer formwork to move along the length direction of the tunnel under the action of the running mechanism. When multiple hydraulic rods in the extended state touch the concrete support, the trolley truss stops moving.

[0047] Step 6: Repeat steps 1 to 5 to enable the trolley truss to drive the outer formwork to move continuously along the length direction of the tunnel. There is no need to repeatedly disassemble and assemble the trolley truss and the outer formwork, which saves time and effort and greatly improves the progress of construction.

[0048] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tunnel vault external formwork trolley, characterized in that: include: A trolley truss, wherein running mechanisms moving along the crown beam are respectively arranged on both sides of the trolley truss, and the trolley truss moves along the length direction of the tunnel with the aid of the two running mechanisms, and a connecting member is arranged at the lower end of the trolley truss; Two groups of telescopic connection mechanisms are arranged in sequence along the length direction of the tunnel. The lower ends of the two groups of telescopic connection mechanisms are connected to the outer formwork. The telescopic connection mechanisms have axial telescopic freedom. The two telescopic connection mechanisms are switched to an extended state and a shortened state respectively. The upper end of the telescopic connection mechanism in the extended state is connected to the connecting member and drives the telescopic connection mechanism in the shortened state to pass from under the concrete support.

2. A tunnel vault external formwork trolley as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The running mechanism includes a main running wheel, a first auxiliary running wheel and a second auxiliary running wheel. The main running wheel, the first auxiliary running wheel and the second auxiliary running wheel are all arranged on the same side of the lower end surface of the trolley truss, and the first auxiliary running wheel is located on the outside of the main running wheel, and the second auxiliary running wheel is located on the inside of the main running wheel. The main running wheel moves along the upper end surface of the crown beam, the first auxiliary running wheel moves along the outer side wall of the water retaining edge, and the second auxiliary running wheel moves along the inner side wall of the crown beam.

3. A tunnel vault outer formwork trolley as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: A rotating arm is provided on one side of the lower end surface of the trolley truss, the second secondary running wheel is provided on the outer side of the rotating arm, the upper end of the rotating arm is hinged to the lower end surface of the trolley truss, and a lifting drive component is provided on the same side of the trolley truss, the lifting drive component is located on the inner side of the rotating arm, the lifting drive component is hinged to the lower end of the rotating arm, the lifting drive component is used to drive the rotating arm to rotate until the second secondary running wheel is attached to the inner side wall of the crown beam, or the lifting drive component is used to drive the rotating arm to rotate to the top of the concrete support to avoid the concrete support.

4. A tunnel vault outer formwork trolley as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: A connecting plate is provided on one side of the lower end surface of the trolley truss, and the upper part of the rotating arm is hinged to the lower part of the connecting plate by a penetrating hinge shaft. A first positioning hole is provided at the upper end of the connecting plate, and the first positioning hole is located above the hinge shaft. A second positioning hole is provided at the upper end of the rotating arm, and the second positioning hole is located above the hinge shaft. When the rotating arm is rotated to a state where the second auxiliary running wheel is in contact with the inner wall of the crown beam, a positioning pin is coaxially provided with the first positioning hole and the second positioning hole.

5. A tunnel vault external formwork trolley as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The lifting drive component is an electric hoist, which is installed at the upper end of one side of the trolley truss and located on the inner side of the rotating arm. The sling of the electric hoist is connected to the lower end of the rotating arm.

6. The tunnel vault external formwork trolley according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting member includes a plurality of connecting ear plates, which are fixed to the lower end surface of the trolley truss at intervals in sequence along the left-right direction of the trolley truss. Each group of the telescopic connecting mechanisms includes a plurality of hydraulic rods, which are fixed to the upper end surface of the outer template at intervals in sequence along the left-right direction of the outer template. The plurality of connecting ear plates are connected to the plurality of hydraulic rods in the same group in a one-to-one correspondence.

7. A tunnel vault external formwork trolley as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: The lower end of the hydraulic rod is connected with an extended steel pipe, and the lower end of the extended steel pipe is fixed to the upper end surface of the outer template.

8. The tunnel vault external formwork trolley according to claim 1, characterized in that: The trolley truss includes multiple groups of triangular frames, several inclined beams are welded inside the triangular frames, and the multiple groups of triangular frames are connected in sequence along the length direction of the tunnel. The running mechanism is arranged on both sides of each group of triangular frames.

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