Combined steel frame structure and method for large-aperture underground passage full-section seamless construction

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of building and underground construction, and particularly relates to a combined steel frame structure and method for large-aperture underground passage full-section seamless construction. Comprising a pouring frame, a concrete metal frame and a supporting steel frame, vertical fixing columns are pre-embedded in the pouring frame, a tripod is arranged at the bottom of the concrete metal frame, clamping holes are formed in the upper and lower sides of the tripod to be clamped with the fixing columns, and screw holes are formed in the outer wall to fix the supporting steel frame. During construction, the embedded fixing columns are accurately matched with the clamping holes, traditional concrete trepanning operation is avoided, the supporting steel frame is connected and fixed through the screws, and the structure does not need to be damaged during dismantling. The reserved frame wraps the end of the supporting steel frame, it is guaranteed that the underground passage wall is formed through one-time pouring, and the thickness is matched with the composite structure. The problems of concrete defect and cracking after the supporting steel frame is dismantled are solved, the construction difficulty is reduced, the full-section construction efficiency and structural stability of the large-aperture underground passage are improved, and the method is suitable for complex geological conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of building and underground construction, and in particular to a combined steel frame structure and method for full-section seamless construction of a large-aperture underground passage. Background Art

[0002] In order to excavate the underground passage, some structures need to be cast and formed at the same time. For example, the steel support used for support needs to be cast into a concrete frame to fix the steel support steel frame structure in order to fix the steel support.

[0003] The existing patent announcement number is: CN114753407B and a combined steel frame structure and construction method for full-section casting of an underground passage. This patent can realize the one-time casting of the full-section of the passage concrete, and there is no longitudinal construction joint on the side wall of the passage. The above patent adopts the open-cut method, but does not consider the temporary construction of the horizontal support steel frame in the open-cut method or other construction methods, especially the support steel frame at the bottom. If the underground passage wall wants to be cast in one piece, it is difficult to bypass the support steel frame at the bottom, and there are two problems: 1. Remove the lowest supporting steel frame before pouring. Since the integral pouring time is often long, there is a lack of support from the lowest supporting steel frame. The geological layers on both sides combined with the concrete increase the weight, which invisibly increases the risk of collapse. 2. If the supporting steel frame is not removed during pouring, it will affect the difficulty of building the concrete pouring net. At the same time, after the concrete solidifies, the difficulty of removing the supporting steel frame will increase sharply. After the supporting steel frame is removed, large areas of defects will appear on the concrete wall, and the exposed metal structure of the remaining supporting steel frame will cause concrete cracking during the long-term thermal expansion and contraction process.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a combined steel frame structure for seamless construction of a large-aperture underground passage with full cross-section to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a combined steel frame structure for full-section seamless construction of a large-aperture underground passage, which solves the problem that the walls of the lower passage are difficult to be cast in one piece.

[0006] The present invention provides a combined steel frame structure for full-section seamless construction of a large-aperture underground passage, comprising a casting frame and a concrete metal frame, a supporting steel frame being installed between two groups of the casting frames, the concrete metal frame of the casting frame having vertically arranged fixing columns inside thereof before casting, a tripod for support being equidistantly installed at the bottom of the concrete metal frame, the upper and lower ends of the fixing columns extending beyond the two ends of the casting frame, the concrete metal frame being engaged with the casting frame, and the engaging holes on the upper and lower sides of the concrete metal frame being engaged with the exposed fixing columns, and screw holes for fixing the supporting steel frame being provided on the outer wall of the concrete metal frame.

[0007] Preferably, a reserved frame is installed on the side wall of the concrete metal frame, and a groove for engaging the reserved frame is opened on the side wall of the concrete metal frame. The reserved frame is divided into four plate-like parts, and the four plate-like parts surround the end of the supporting steel frame. The sum of the combined thickness of the casting frame, the concrete metal frame and the reserved frame is equal to the concrete thickness of the underground passage wall.

[0008] Preferably, the concrete metal frame is provided with a tilting opening for tilting one side of the concrete metal frame by utilizing a tilting rod.

[0009] Preferably, both ends of the support steel frame are connected to the concrete metal frame through a flange structure, and the support steel frame is composed of a plurality of support parts, and the plurality of support parts are fixedly connected through a flange structure and bolts.

[0010] Preferably, both ends of the fixing column are hemispherical, and the exposed size of the fixing column is 2cm-5cm.

[0011] Preferably, the four plate-like components are divided into two horizontal plates and two vertical plates, and the inner walls of the two vertical plates are provided with sliding grooves for slidingly engaging the two horizontal plates.

[0012] Preferably, the warped edge of the concrete metal frame is opened at the bending position.

[0013] Preferably, a construction method of a combined steel frame structure for full-section seamless construction of a large-aperture underground passage comprises the following steps: S1: Dig down to the depth of the underground passage where the supporting steel frame needs to be installed in the construction area, evenly install tripods on the side walls of the underground passage where the supporting steel frame is installed, place a concrete metal frame on the tripod, fix columns in the concrete metal frame at equal intervals, and pour concrete on the concrete metal frame; S2: After the concrete of the concrete metal frame solidifies to form a casting frame, the engaging holes on the top of the semi-frame-shaped concrete metal frame are engaged with the fixing columns exposed above the casting frame, and the lower half of the concrete metal frame is knocked so that the engaging holes on the bottom of the concrete metal frame are engaged with the fixing columns exposed below the casting frame; S3: Fix the supporting steel frame to the screw holes on the outer wall of the concrete metal frame through screw rods; S4: two horizontal plates and two vertical plates among the four plate-like components are connected to the grooves of the corresponding concrete metal frames to form a reserved frame, and the reserved frame wraps the end of the supporting steel frame; S5: After the overall excavation of the underground passage and the installation of multiple sets of supporting steel frames are completed, concrete is poured on the side walls of the underground passage to form concrete walls; S6: The pouring thickness of the concrete wall is the same as the combined thickness of the pouring frame, concrete metal frame and reserved frame; S7: After the concrete wall solidifies, the supporting steel frame is removed using screws.

[0014] Compared with the related art, the combined steel frame structure for full-section seamless construction of a large-aperture underground passage provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention adds fixing columns before casting a casting frame for fixing a supporting steel frame, and then uses the toughness of the steel bars of the concrete metal frame to engage the engaging holes on the top of the semi-frame-shaped concrete metal frame with the fixing columns exposed above the casting frame, and knocks the lower half of the concrete metal frame to engage the engaging holes on the bottom of the concrete metal frame with the fixing columns exposed below the casting frame, and then connects and fixes the supporting steel frame to the concrete metal frame through screws. This is different from the conventional method in that it can avoid drilling holes in the concrete to install a connecting seat for fixing the metal steel frame, and at the same time avoids the problem of difficulty in removing expansion bolts when partially recovering the supporting steel frame later.

[0015] 2. The present invention makes the sum of the combined thickness of the casting frame, the concrete metal frame and the reserved frame equal to the concrete thickness of the underground passage wall. After the overall excavation of the underground passage and the fixation of all the supporting steel frames, when the concrete wall of the underground passage is cast, the ends of the supporting steel frames are protected by the reserved frames. This is different from the conventional method in that the casting of the underground passage wall can be directly completed without dismantling the lowest supporting steel frame, that is, the entire wall of the underground passage can be formed at one time without affecting the normal dismantling of the lowest supporting steel frame. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a conventional combined supporting steel frame structure for a large-aperture underground passage provided by the present invention for full-section seamless construction of the combined steel frame structure; Figure 2 The overall schematic diagram of a combined steel frame structure for full-section seamless construction of a large-aperture underground passage provided by the present invention; Figure 3 The overall schematic diagram of a combined steel frame structure with a reserved frame added for full-section seamless construction of a large-aperture underground passage provided by the present invention; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the disassembly of a concrete metal frame and a reserved frame of a combined steel frame structure for full-section seamless construction of a large-aperture underground passage provided by the present invention; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the interior of a casting frame of a combined steel frame structure for full-section seamless construction of a large-aperture underground passage provided by the present invention; Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a reserved frame of a combined steel frame structure for full-section seamless construction of a large-aperture underground passage provided by the present invention; Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the underground passage construction component architecture of a combined steel frame structure for full-section seamless construction of a large-aperture underground passage provided by the present invention.

[0017] Figure numerals: 1. concrete frame; 2. fixing frame; 3. connecting seat; 4. supporting steel frame; 5. casting frame; 51. concrete metal frame; 6. concrete metal frame; 61. fixing column; 62. warping mouth; 63. reserved frame; 631. vertical plate; 632. slide groove; 633. horizontal plate; 64. snap-fit ​​hole; 7. tripod; 8. geological layer; 9. ground pile; 10. base layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] refer to Figure 7 , Figure 7 When excavating an underground passage using the open-cut method, it is necessary to first drill holes in the ground and cast piles 9 before excavating the geological layer 8. During the excavation process, the geological layer 8 also needs to be partially solidified. Every time a height is lowered, a supporting steel frame 4 needs to be erected until a base layer 10 is established at the bottom. Then, a cast wall is built on the entire underground passage to isolate the geological layer 8.

[0020] In the traditional method, after the concrete frame 1 is poured, a hole is drilled in the concrete frame 1, and then the fixing frame 2 is installed through expansion bolts, and the supporting steel frame 4 is installed between the two sets of fixing frames 2 through the connecting seat 3.

[0021] like Figure 1-Figure 6As shown, embodiment 1: a combined steel frame structure for full-section seamless construction of a large-aperture underground passage, including a casting frame 5 and a concrete metal frame 6, the casting frame 5 uses a concrete metal frame 51 as a main body, and the concrete metal frame 51 is cast to form the casting frame 5, a supporting steel frame 4 is installed between the two groups of casting frames 5, and the concrete metal frame 6 of the casting frame 5 has a fixing column 61 vertically arranged inside before casting, and before the concrete metal frame 51 is cast, the fixing column 61 is vertically placed in the concrete metal frame 51, and the concrete metal frame 51 and the fixing column 61 are cast together, and a tripod 7 for support is equidistantly installed at the bottom of the concrete metal frame 6, and the concrete metal frame 6 is fixed at a predetermined position by the tripod 7, and then concrete is cast, and the upper and lower ends of the fixing column 61 exceed the two ends of the casting frame 5, and the concrete metal frame 6 is engaged with the casting frame 5, and the engaging holes 64 on the upper and lower sides of the concrete metal frame 6 are engaged with the exposed fixing columns 61, and the outer wall of the concrete metal frame 6 is provided with screw holes for fixing the supporting steel frame 4; The side wall of the concrete metal frame 6 is provided with a groove for engaging the reserved frame 63. The reserved frame 63 is divided into four plate-like parts. The four plate-like parts surround the end of the supporting steel frame 4. The sum of the combined thickness of the casting frame 5, the concrete metal frame 6 and the reserved frame 63 is equal to the concrete thickness of the underground passage wall.

[0022] The construction method includes the following steps: Dig down to the depth of the underground passage in the construction area to install the supporting steel frame 4, evenly install the tripod 7 on the side wall of the underground passage where the supporting steel frame 4 is installed, place the concrete metal frame 6 on the tripod 7, and fix the columns 61 evenly fixed in the concrete metal frame 6, and pour concrete on the concrete metal frame 6, wherein both ends of the fixing column 61 are hemispherical, and the size of the exposed fixing column 61 is 2cm-5cm, so that the clamping hole 64 of the concrete metal frame 6 can be clamped with it; After the concrete of the concrete metal frame 6 solidifies, the casting frame 5 is formed, and the engaging holes 64 on the top of the semi-frame-shaped concrete metal frame 6 are engaged with the fixing columns 61 exposed above the casting frame 5, and the lower half of the concrete metal frame 6 is knocked so that the engaging holes 64 on the bottom of the concrete metal frame 6 are engaged with the fixing columns 61 exposed below the casting frame 5; The supporting steel frame 4 is fixed to the screw holes on the outer wall of the concrete metal frame 6 by screw rods.

[0023] Two horizontal plates 633 and two vertical plates 631 of the four plate-like components are plugged into the grooves of the concrete metal frame 6 to form a reserved frame 63. The reserved frame 63 is rectangular in shape and wraps the end of the supporting steel frame 4. After the excavation of the underground passage is completed and the multiple sets of supporting steel frames 4 are installed, concrete is poured on the side walls of the underground passage to form concrete walls; The pouring thickness of the concrete wall is equal to the sum of the combined thickness of the pouring frame 5, the concrete metal frame 6 and the reserved frame 63; After the concrete wall solidifies, the supporting steel frame 4 is removed by screws.

[0024] Compared with the existing steel support steel frame 4 used in underground passage construction, the above structure has the following advantages: Since the left and right sides of the supporting steel frame 4 need to be fixed, this means that the reinforced concrete structures on both sides ( Figure 1 The concrete frame 1 and Figure 2 The casting frame 5) in the middle needs to have symmetrical holes. The number of holes required for a fixing frame 2 ranges from a dozen to hundreds. It is also necessary to ensure that the positions of the holes of another set of reinforced concrete structures separated by several meters or even more than ten meters correspond to each other. This undoubtedly increases the difficulty of construction. At the same time, in order to fix the supporting steel frame 4, it is also necessary to drive expansion bolts into the holes of the concrete frame 1. During subsequent construction, the lowest supporting steel frame 4 often needs to be dismantled. The driven expansion bolts undoubtedly increase the difficulty of disassembly, and are often recycled by direct destruction and cutting.

[0025] The supporting steel frame 4 structure does not require drilling operations on reinforced concrete, and when dismantling, there is no need to worry about the expansion bolts being difficult to remove and requiring the use of a cutting machine, which can save construction processes and reduce construction difficulty.

[0026] The above implementation method has the following advantages compared with the existing methods used in underground tunnel construction: At present, when pouring concrete for underground passage walls, it is all secondary molding. This is mainly because when the wall is poured to the lowest supporting steel frame 4, it is necessary to stop pouring and wait for the concrete to solidify and have strength. After the supporting steel frame 4 is removed, the concrete frame 1 is also removed, and then the wall is poured, thus forming a secondary pouring; By controlling the pouring thickness of the concrete wall to be equal to the sum of the combined thickness of the pouring frame 5, the concrete metal frame 6 and the reserved frame 63, and adding a protective structure, namely the reserved frame 63, to the fixing position of the supporting steel frame 4 and the concrete metal frame 6, the reserved frame 63 is reserved when the pouring net is tied, and the pouring frame 5, the concrete metal frame 6 and the reserved frame 63 are directly poured into the concrete, so that the pouring wall can directly pass through the fixing structure of the supporting steel frame 4, and the supporting steel frame 4 is maintained to complete the overall pouring of the wall of the underground passage, and at the same time, the process of dismantling the concrete frame 1 can be avoided. Figure 1 The reason why the traditional method cannot be cast in one piece is that the multiple openings easily cause the concrete frame 1 to crack, so the original concrete frame 1 needs to be dismantled.

[0027] like Figure 3-Figure 6 As shown, the difference between the second embodiment and the first embodiment is that: Preferably, the concrete metal frame 6 is provided with a warping opening 62 for warping one side of the concrete metal frame 6 by using a warping rod; The warping opening 62 of the concrete metal frame 6 is opened at the bend, and the warping opening 62 set at the bend makes it easier to warp one side of the concrete metal frame 6, so that the engaging hole 64 on one side of the concrete metal frame 6 is detached from the fixing column 61 exposed on the corresponding side of the casting soil frame.

[0028] Two horizontal plates 633 and two vertical plates 631 of the four plate-like components are inserted into the grooves corresponding to the concrete metal frame 6 to form a reserved frame 63, and the reserved frame 63 wraps the end of the supporting steel frame 4; After the underground passage is excavated and multiple sets of supporting steel frames 4 are installed, the supporting steel frames 4 are removed in a bottom-up order. The supporting steel frames 4 are removed by screws, and the corresponding warping openings 62 are used by a crowbar to disengage the engaging holes 64 on the upper side of the concrete metal frame 6 from the fixing columns 61 exposed on the upper side of the cast soil frame; After the lowest supporting steel frame 4 is removed, concrete is poured on the side walls of the underground passage to form concrete walls, which extend to the bottom of the lowest supporting steel frame 4.

[0029] Due to different construction geological conditions, the underground structure in some construction areas is stable, and part of the supporting steel frame 4 can be demolished first. In this case, the concrete metal frame 6 can be demolished in the above manner. Similarly, the casting frame 5 can be directly cast as a reserve to reduce the number of steps, or the casting frame 5 can be demolished as appropriate. Compared with the traditional expansion bolt method, this structure is more convenient to dismantle.

[0030] The two ends of the support steel frame 4 are connected to the concrete metal frame 6 through a flange structure. The support steel frame 4 is composed of a plurality of support parts, and the plurality of support parts are fixedly connected through a flange structure and bolts. The supporting steel frame 4 is mostly cylindrical, and the head and tail are fixedly connected by a flange structure and bolts.

[0031] The four plate-like components are divided into two horizontal plates 633 and two vertical plates 631 , and the inner walls of the two vertical plates 631 are provided with sliding grooves 632 for slidingly engaging the two horizontal plates 633 .

[0032] The two vertical plates 631 are engaged with the vertical grooves on the side walls of the concrete metal frame 6 , and then the two horizontal plates 633 are slidably engaged with the slide grooves 632 between the two vertical plates 631 , and engaged with the horizontal grooves on the side walls of the concrete metal frame 6 .

[0033] The above are only embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A combined steel frame structure for seamless construction of a large-diameter underground passage with a full cross section, comprising a casting frame (5) and a concrete metal frame (6), wherein a supporting steel frame (4) is installed between two groups of the casting frames (5), characterized in that: The concrete metal frame (6) of the casting frame (5) has a fixing column (61) vertically arranged inside before casting. A tripod (7) for support is equidistantly installed at the bottom of the concrete metal frame (6). The upper and lower ends of the fixing column (61) extend beyond the two ends of the casting frame (5). The concrete metal frame (6) is engaged with the casting frame (5), and the engaging holes (64) on the upper and lower sides of the concrete metal frame (6) are engaged with the exposed fixing columns (61). The outer wall of the concrete metal frame (6) is provided with screw holes for fixing the supporting steel frame (4).

2. The combined steel frame structure for full-section seamless construction of a large-aperture underground passage according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A reserved frame (63) is installed on the side wall of the concrete metal frame (6), and a groove body for engaging the reserved frame (63) is opened on the side wall of the concrete metal frame (6). The reserved frame (63) is divided into four plate-like parts, and the four plate-like parts surround the end of the supporting steel frame (4). The sum of the combined thickness of the casting frame (5), the concrete metal frame (6) and the reserved frame (63) is equal to the concrete thickness of the underground passage wall.

3. The combined steel frame structure for full-section seamless construction of a large-aperture underground passage according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The concrete metal frame (6) is provided with a warping opening (62) for warping one side of the concrete metal frame (6) by utilizing a warping rod.

4. The combined steel frame structure for full-section seamless construction of a large-aperture underground passage according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Both ends of the support steel frame (4) are connected to the concrete metal frame (6) via a flange structure; the support steel frame (4) is composed of a plurality of support parts, and the plurality of support parts are fixedly connected via a flange structure and bolts.

5. The combined steel frame structure for full-section seamless construction of a large-aperture underground passage according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Both ends of the fixing column (61) are hemispherical, and the exposed size of the fixing column (61) is 2 cm-5 cm.

6. The combined steel frame structure for full-section seamless construction of a large-aperture underground passage according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The four plate-shaped components are divided into two horizontal plates (633) and two vertical plates (631), and the inner walls of the two vertical plates (631) are provided with sliding grooves (632) for slidingly engaging the two horizontal plates (633).

7. The combined steel frame structure for full-section seamless construction of a large-aperture underground passage according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The warped edge (62) of the concrete metal frame (6) is opened at the bending position.

8. A construction method of a combined steel frame structure for full-section seamless construction of a large-aperture underground passage, comprising a combined steel frame structure for full-section seamless construction of a large-aperture underground passage according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: digging down to the depth of the underground passage in the construction area to which the supporting steel frame (4) needs to be installed, evenly installing tripods (7) on the side walls of the underground passage where the supporting steel frame (4) is installed, placing a concrete metal frame (6) on the tripod (7), fixing columns (61) are evenly fixed in the concrete metal frame (6), and concrete is poured on the concrete metal frame (6); S2: After the concrete of the concrete metal frame (6) solidifies to form a casting frame (5), the engaging holes (64) on the top of the semi-frame-shaped concrete metal frame (6) are engaged with the fixing columns (61) exposed above the casting frame (5), and the lower half of the concrete metal frame (6) is knocked so that the engaging holes (64) on the bottom of the concrete metal frame (6) are engaged with the fixing columns (61) exposed below the casting frame (5); S3: Fixing the supporting steel frame (4) to the screw holes on the outer wall of the concrete metal frame (6) by means of screw rods; S4: two horizontal plates (633) and two vertical plates (631) of the four plate-like components are plugged into the grooves corresponding to the concrete metal frame (6) to form a reserved frame (63), and the reserved frame (63) wraps around the end of the supporting steel frame (4); S5: After the overall excavation of the underground passage and the installation of multiple sets of supporting steel frames (4) are completed, concrete is poured on the side walls of the underground passage to form concrete walls; S6: The pouring thickness of the concrete wall is the same as the combined thickness of the pouring frame (5), the concrete metal frame (6) and the reserved frame (63); S7: After the concrete wall solidifies, the supporting steel frame (4) is removed by screws.

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