Gangue blocking device for coal mine underground gob-side entry retaining and using method of gangue blocking device

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of mining equipment, in particular to a gangue blocking device for coal mine underground gob-side entry retaining and a using method thereof.The gangue blocking device comprises a top end device, supporting components are symmetrically and fixedly installed at the bottom of the top end device, and rhombic reinforcing meshes are installed at the side ends, away from the top end device, of the supporting components; the top end device comprises a supporting top plate, an alignment groove, a supporting bottom plate, a first piston rod, a synchronous insertion plate, a second piston rod, L-shaped air cylinders and a synchronous rod, the supporting top plate is fixedly installed at the top end of the supporting bottom plate, the alignment groove is formed in the center of the front end of the supporting bottom plate, and the L-shaped air cylinders are fixedly installed at the rear end in the supporting bottom plate at equal intervals; the first piston rod is slidably mounted in the top end of the L-shaped inflator, and the synchronous rod is fixedly mounted at the top end of the first piston rod. Through the arrangement of the top end device and the supporting component, the aim of synchronously reinforcing supporting and guiding butt joint integration when the waste rock blocking device for gob-side entry retaining is used is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of mining equipment, in particular to a gangue retaining device used for retaining lanes along goafs in underground coal mines and a use method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In traditional coal mining methods, in order to prevent the surface and tunnels from being damaged by ground pressure, it is usually necessary to leave a certain volume of coal pillars next to the coal mining face as a "load-bearing wall". This method not only wastes coal resources, but may also cause problems such as tunnel deformation and floor deformation, threatening mine safety production. In addition, when arranging a new coal mining face, it is necessary to re-excavate the return air tunnel, which increases manpower, material and time costs. The emergence of goaf-side tunneling technology aims to solve these problems, improve the recovery rate of coal resources through coal-pillar-free mining, reduce mining costs, and alleviate the tense situation of face connection.

[0003] In gob-side tunneling, the rock retaining support is a key device to prevent the gangue from escaping from the goaf. There are many types of rock retaining supports according to specific application scenarios and requirements, but their main function is to provide effective support and blocking functions.

[0004] At present, the rock-blocking devices for leaving tunnels along coal mines on the market are protected by hydraulic support when in use, and a single rock-blocking device can only support a local area. At the same time, multiple workers are required to simultaneously dock and assemble the rock-blocking devices during installation, resulting in the inability of the existing rock-blocking devices for leaving tunnels along coal mines to simultaneously strengthen the support and guide docking integration functions when in use. Therefore, a device is needed to improve the above-mentioned problems. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a gangue retaining device for use in gob-side lane retaining in coal mines and a method for using the device.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is: a gangue retaining device for underground coal mine along the gob retaining lane and its use method, comprising a top device, the bottom of the top device is symmetrically fixedly installed with a supporting component, and the side end of the supporting component away from the top device is installed with a diamond steel mesh, the top device comprises a supporting top plate, an alignment groove, a supporting bottom plate, a first piston rod, a synchronous plug plate, a second piston rod, an L-shaped gas cylinder and a synchronous rod, the supporting top plate is fixedly installed on the top of the supporting bottom plate, the alignment groove is arranged at the front end center of the supporting bottom plate, the L-shaped gas cylinder is equidistantly fixedly installed on the inner rear end of the supporting bottom plate, the first piston rod is slidably installed inside the top of the L-shaped gas cylinder, the synchronous rod is fixedly installed on the top of the first piston rod, the second piston rod is slidably plugged into the rear end of the L-shaped gas cylinder, the synchronous plug plate is fixedly installed on the rear end of the second piston rod, the supporting component comprises a reinforced support column, an alignment device, a limiting device and a synchronization device, the reinforced support column is symmetrically fixedly installed on the top center of the alignment device, the synchronization device is fixedly installed on the top side end of the alignment device, and the limiting device is fixedly installed on the top front end of the alignment device.

[0007] Specifically, the alignment device includes an insert tube, a center base, a wire drum, a return spring, a displacement cross plate, an extension support rod, a first rack and a first gear. The extension support rod is fixedly installed at the front end of the center base, the insert tube is fixedly installed at the rear end of the center base, the return spring is symmetrically fixedly installed between the displacement cross plate and the center base, the displacement cross plate is fixedly installed at the front end of the first rack, the first rack is slidably inserted at the inner front end of the center base, the first gear is rotatably installed inside the center base, and the wire drum is fixedly installed at the side end of the first gear.

[0008] Specifically, the limiting device includes a limiting vertical plate and a guide cavity, and the limiting vertical plate is slidably inserted inside the top end of the guide cavity.

[0009] Specifically, the synchronization device includes a second rack, a second gear, a steel wire rope, a special-shaped connecting rod, a third rack, a side end vertical frame, a hook, a support vertical plate, a movable vertical rod and a limiting sleeve. The limiting sleeve is fixedly installed on the inner top end of the support vertical plate, the movable vertical rod is slidably inserted in the top of the limiting sleeve, the second rack is symmetrically fixedly installed on the bottom end of the movable vertical rod, the steel wire rope is fixedly connected to the bottom end center of the movable vertical rod, the second gear is symmetrically rotationally installed on the side end of the support vertical plate close to the limiting sleeve, the special-shaped connecting rod is slidably inserted at the two inner ends of the support vertical plate, the third rack is fixedly installed on the top end of the special-shaped connecting rod, the side end vertical frame is fixedly installed on the end of the special-shaped connecting rod away from the support vertical plate, and the hook is equidistantly fixedly installed on the side end of the side end vertical frame away from the limiting sleeve.

[0010] Specifically, the support base plate is fixedly mounted on the top between the two support vertical plates, the guide cavity is fixedly mounted on the top of the extension support rod close to the displacement cross plate, the bottom end of the steel wire rope is connected to the outer ring of the wire drum, the support vertical plate is fixedly mounted on the top of the center base close to the wire drum, the second rack and the third rack are respectively meshed with the second gear, and the top of the movable vertical rod is connected to the bottom end of the synchronization rod.

[0011] Specifically, the interior of the L-shaped gas cylinder is hollow, and a closed cavity is formed between the first piston rod, the second piston rod and the L-shaped gas cylinder, the synchronization plug plate is horizontally aligned with the alignment groove, a groove is provided inside the extension support rod, and the outer surface of the plug cylinder is in contact with the inner surface of the groove inside the extension support rod.

[0012] Specifically, the first rack is meshed with the first gear, and a key is fixedly installed on the top of the rear end of the insert cylinder, and the top of the rear end of the key is inclined at 45 degrees.

[0013] Specifically, anti-dropping plates are fixedly installed at both ends of the limiting vertical plate, and a sliding groove is opened inside the guide cavity. The thickness of the second gear is 5 cm, and the thickness of the second rack and the third rack are both 2 cm.

[0014] Specifically, the central base further includes a supporting side frame and a covering plate. The supporting side frame is fixedly mounted on the top of the central base, and the covering plate is rotatably mounted on the supporting side frame.

[0015] A method for using a gangue retaining device for a gob-side lane in a coal mine, comprising the following steps:

[0016] S1. First, move the device to the gob-side tunnel until the supporting top plate contacts the tunnel top, then place the diamond steel mesh close to the surface of the tunnel wall so that the hook can be vertically aligned with the diamond steel mesh, completing the installation of a top device and supporting components;

[0017] S2, then, another top device and supporting component are moved onto the installed top device and supporting component, so that the inserting tube can move toward the rear end along the inside of the extended support rod, so that the displacement cross plate can drive the first rack to move on the top of the first gear, so that the wire drum can be driven to rotate, so that the wire rope can pull the movable vertical rod downward, so that the second rack can drive the second gear to rotate, and the side end vertical frame can be displaced, so that the hook can limit the buckle of the diamond steel mesh;

[0018] S3. Finally, when the movable vertical rod moves downward, it can also drive the first piston rod to move downward, so that the second piston rod can drive the synchronous plug plate to move, so that the synchronous plug plate in one top device can be inserted into the alignment groove in the other top device, thereby improving the supporting strength of the supporting bottom plate. Moreover, when the insert tube is pushed to the extreme position inside the extension support rod, the insert key on the insert tube can cooperate with the limiting vertical plate, so that the two supporting components can be merged and connected to complete the work.

[0019] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0020] First, when the two supporting components are butt-jointed and assembled, the wire rope can pull the movable vertical rod downward, so that the first piston rod can enter the interior of the L-shaped air cylinder, and the second piston rod can drive the synchronous plug plate to move. At the same time, when the two supporting components are butt-jointed, the synchronous plug plate can be inserted into the alignment groove of the upper supporting component, so that the two supporting top plates can be connected as a whole, thereby improving the supporting stability of the supporting top plate and completing the work of strengthening the support of the supporting top plate.

[0021] Secondly, when the movable vertical rod of the present invention moves downward, it can drive the second rack to move, so that the second gear can drive the third rack to move, so that the side end vertical frame can drive the hook to move inward, so that the hook can limit and fix the diamond steel mesh, and complete the installation of the diamond steel mesh, and when the insert cylinder moves to the limit position inside the extension support rod, the key at the rear end of the top of the insert cylinder can pass through the bottom end of the limiting vertical plate, so that when the limiting vertical plate is reset downward, the insert cylinder can be limited to the inside of the extension support rod, completing the guide docking integration of the two insert cylinders and the extension support rod. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0023] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the main body of the present invention from the front perspective;

[0024] Figure 2 It is a partial cutaway schematic diagram of the top device in the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the top device of the present invention from a rear perspective;

[0026] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the support component in the present invention from a front perspective;

[0027] Figure 5 It is a partial cutaway schematic diagram of the alignment device in the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 It is a partial cutaway schematic diagram of the restriction device in the present invention;

[0029] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the synchronization device in the present invention from the front perspective;

[0030] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure from the front perspective of the second embodiment of the central base of the present invention.

[0031] In the figure: 1-top device, 2-support component, 3-diamond steel mesh, 4-support top plate, 5-alignment groove, 6-support bottom plate, 7-first piston rod, 8-synchronous plug plate, 9-second piston rod, 10-L-type air cylinder, 11-synchronous rod, 12-reinforced support column, 13-alignment device, 14-limiting device, 15-synchronous device, 16-insertion cylinder, 17-center base, 18-reel, 19-reset spring, 20-displacement horizontal plate, 21-extension support rod, 22-first rack, 23-first gear, 24-limiting vertical plate, 25-guide cavity, 26-second rack, 27-second gear, 28-wire rope, 29-special-shaped connecting rod, 30-third rack, 31-side end vertical frame, 32-hook, 33-support vertical plate, 34-movable vertical rod, 35-limiting sleeve, 36-support side frame, 37-covering plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solution of the present application, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0033] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, a gangue retaining device for underground goaf-retaining lanes in a coal mine and a method of using the same include a top device 1, a support component 2 is symmetrically fixedly installed at the bottom of the top device 1, a diamond-shaped steel mesh 3 is installed on the side end of the support component 2 away from the top device 1, the top device 1 includes a support top plate 4, an alignment groove 5, a support bottom plate 6, a first piston rod 7, a synchronous plug plate 8, a second piston rod 9, an L-shaped gas cylinder 10 and a synchronous rod 11, the support top plate 4 is fixedly installed at the top of the support bottom plate 6, the alignment groove 5 is opened at the front end center of the support bottom plate 6, and the L-shaped gas cylinder 10 is equidistantly fixedly installed at the support bottom plate 6. At the internal rear end, the first piston rod 7 is slidably installed inside the top end of the L-shaped gas cylinder 10, the synchronization rod 11 is fixedly installed at the top end of the first piston rod 7, the second piston rod 9 is slidably inserted inside the rear end of the L-shaped gas cylinder 10, and the synchronization plug plate 8 is fixedly installed at the rear end of the second piston rod 9. The supporting component 2 includes a reinforced support column 12, a positioning device 13, a limiting device 14 and a synchronization device 15. The reinforced support column 12 is symmetrically fixedly installed at the top center of the positioning device 13, the synchronization device 15 is fixedly installed at the top side end of the positioning device 13, and the limiting device 14 is fixedly installed at the top front end of the positioning device 13.

[0036] like Figure 5 The alignment device 13 includes an insert cylinder 16, a center base 17, a wire drum 18, a reset spring 19, a displacement cross plate 20, an extension support rod 21, a first rack 22 and a first gear 23. The extension support rod 21 is fixedly mounted at the front end of the center base 17, the insert cylinder 16 is fixedly mounted at the rear end of the center base 17, the reset spring 19 is symmetrically fixedly mounted between the displacement cross plate 20 and the center base 17, the displacement cross plate 20 is fixedly mounted at the front end of the first rack 22, the first rack 22 is slidably inserted at the inner front end of the center base 17, the first gear 23 is rotatably mounted inside the center base 17, the wire drum 18 is fixedly mounted at the side end of the first gear 23, and the first rack 22 is reset and moved back and forth on the top end of the first gear 23, so that the wire drum 18 can be driven to rotate forward and reverse.

[0037] like Figure 6 The limiting device 14 includes a limiting vertical plate 24 and a guide cavity 25. The limiting vertical plate 24 is slidably inserted into the top end of the guide cavity 25. When the limiting vertical plate 24 moves downward to the extreme position, the anti-slip sheet on the surface can contact the top end of the guide cavity 25, so as to prevent the limiting vertical plate 24 from falling.

[0038] like Figure 7The synchronization device 15 includes a second rack 26, a second gear 27, a wire rope 28, a special-shaped connecting rod 29, a third rack 30, a side end vertical frame 31, a hook 32, a support vertical plate 33, a movable vertical rod 34 and a limiting sleeve 35. The limiting sleeve 35 is fixedly installed on the inner top of the support vertical plate 33, and the movable vertical rod 34 is slidably inserted in the top of the limiting sleeve 35. The second rack 26 is symmetrically fixedly installed on the bottom end of the movable vertical rod 34, the wire rope 28 is fixedly connected to the bottom center of the movable vertical rod 34, and the second gear 27 is symmetrically fixedly installed on the bottom end of the movable vertical rod 34. It is rotatably installed on the side end of the supporting vertical plate 33 close to the limiting sleeve 35, the special-shaped connecting rod 29 is slidably inserted into the two ends inside the supporting vertical plate 33, the third rack 30 is fixedly installed on the top of the special-shaped connecting rod 29, the side end vertical frame 31 is fixedly installed on the end of the special-shaped connecting rod 29 away from the supporting vertical plate 33, and the hook 32 is equidistantly fixedly installed on the side end of the side end vertical frame 31 away from the limiting sleeve 35. The second rack 26 and the third rack 30 are staggered so that the second rack 26 will not interfere with the third rack 30 when it moves downward.

[0039] The support bottom plate 6 is fixedly mounted on the top between the two support vertical plates 33, the guide cavity 25 is fixedly mounted on the top of the extension support rod 21 near the displacement horizontal plate 20, the bottom end of the wire rope 28 is connected to the outer ring of the wire drum 18, the support vertical plate 33 is fixedly mounted on the top of the center base 17 near the wire drum 18, the second rack 26 and the third rack 30 are respectively engaged with the second gear 27, the top of the movable vertical rod 34 is connected to the bottom end of the synchronization rod 11, the interior of the L-shaped air cylinder 10 is set in a hollow state, and the first piston rod 7, the second piston rod 9 and the L-shaped air cylinder 10 A closed cavity is formed therebetween, the synchronous plug plate 8 is horizontally aligned with the alignment groove 5, a groove is provided inside the extension support rod 21, and the outer surface of the insert tube 16 fits with the inner surface of the groove inside the extension support rod 21, the first rack 22 is meshed with the first gear 23, a key is fixedly installed on the top of the rear end of the insert tube 16, and the top of the rear end of the key is inclined at 45°, anti-dropping sheets are fixedly installed on both ends of the limiting vertical plate 24, and a slide groove is provided inside the guide cavity 25, the thickness of the second gear 27 is 5 cm, and the thickness of the second rack 26 and the third rack 30 are both 2 cm.

[0040] A method for using a gangue retaining device for a gob-side lane in a coal mine, comprising the following steps:

[0041] S1. First, move the device to the gob-side tunnel until the supporting top plate 4 contacts the tunnel top, then place the diamond steel mesh 3 close to the surface of the tunnel wall so that the hook 32 can be vertically aligned with the diamond steel mesh 3, and complete the installation of a top device 1 and a supporting component 2;

[0042] S2, then, another top device 1 and support component 2 are moved onto the installed top device 1 and support component 2, so that the inserting tube 16 can move toward the rear end along the inside of the extension support rod 21, so that the displacement cross plate 20 can drive the first rack 22 to move on the top of the first gear 23, so that the wire drum 18 can be driven to rotate, so that the wire rope 28 can pull the movable vertical rod 34 to move downward, so that the second rack 26 can drive the second gear 27 to rotate, and the side end vertical frame 31 can be displaced, so that the hook 32 can buckle and restrict the diamond steel mesh 3;

[0043] S3. Finally, when the movable vertical rod 34 moves downward, it can also drive the first piston rod 7 to move downward, so that the second piston rod 9 can drive the synchronous plug plate 8 to move, so that the synchronous plug plate 8 in one top device 1 can be inserted into the alignment groove 5 in the other top device 1, thereby improving the supporting strength of the supporting base plate 6. Moreover, when the insert tube 16 is pushed to the extreme position inside the extension support rod 21, the key on the insert tube 16 can cooperate with the limiting vertical plate 24, so that the two supporting components 2 can be merged and connected to complete the work.

[0044] The working principle of embodiment 1 is as follows: when in use, first move a top device 1 and a supporting component 2 to the goaf-retained lane of a coal mine until the top of the supporting top plate 4 contacts the lane top, and at the same time, move the diamond steel mesh 3 to be placed close to the lane wall, and then, move another top device 1 and a supporting component 2, so that the supporting top plate 4 in the second top device 1 contacts the lane top, and at the same time, the insert tube 16 in the second alignment device 13 can be moved to the inside of the first extension support rod 21, and a groove is provided inside the extension support rod 21, so that the insert tube 16 can slide inside the extension support rod 21, and when the insert tube 16 slides inside the extension support rod 21, it can squeeze the displacement cross plate 20 to move toward the rear end, so that the displacement cross plate 20 can drive the first The rack 22 is displaced on the top of the first gear 23, so that the first gear 23 can drive the wire drum 18 to rotate. When the wire drum 18 rotates, the movable vertical rod 34 can be pulled downward by the wire rope 28, and the movable vertical rod 34 is slidably inserted into the inside of the limiting sleeve 35, so that the movable vertical rod 34 can be guaranteed to move downward in a straight line. At the same time, when the insertion tube 16 is about to drive the displacement cross plate 20 to move to the extreme position to the rear end, it can drive the synchronous plug plate 8 in the second top device 1 to approach the alignment groove 5 in the first top device 1. Subsequently, when the insertion tube 16 moves to the extreme position to the rear end, it can drive the wire rope 28 to pull the movable vertical rod 34 downward to the extreme position, so that the synchronous rod 11 can drive the first piston rod 7 to move downward to the L-shaped air cylinder 10. When the movable vertical rod 34 moves downward, the second rack 26 can be driven to move along the surface of the second gear 27, so that the second gear 27 can drive the third rack 30 to move toward the inner center of the support vertical plate 33. When the third rack 30 is displaced, the special-shaped connecting rod 29 can drive the side end vertical frame 31 to move at the same time. At the same time, the holes in the diamond steel mesh 3 can be sleeved on the hooks 32, so that when the side end vertical frame 31 is displaced toward the center of the support vertical plate 33, the hooks 32 can limit and fix the diamond steel mesh 3, completing the diamond steel mesh 3. The positioning and installation work is carried out, and when the insert tube 16 moves to the rear end to the limit position inside the extension support rod 21, the key at the top of the insert tube 16 can pass through the bottom end of the limiting vertical plate 24. The top of the rear end of the insert key is inclined at 45 degrees, so that the smoothness of the insert key passing through the bottom end of the limiting vertical plate 24 can be improved. When the insert key passes the bottom end of the limiting vertical plate 24, the limiting vertical plate 24 will slide downward, so that the rear end of the limiting vertical plate 24 can contact the front end of the insert key, avoiding the reset spring 19 from driving the displacement cross plate 20 to reset in advance, and completing the docking and assembly work of the two support components 2. When the device is in use, the insert tube 16 in the second support component 2 slides in the extension support rod 21 in the first support component 2, so that the displacement cross plate 20 can be driven to move to the rear end.The wire drum 18 pulls the wire rope 28 to drive the movable vertical rod 34 to move downward, and when the movable vertical rod 34 moves downward, it can drive the synchronous rod 11 to move downward at the same time, so that the first piston rod 7 can enter the interior of the L-shaped air cylinder 10, so that the second piston rod 9 can drive the synchronous plug plate 8 to insert into the alignment groove 5 in the upper top device 1, completing the work of strengthening the support of the two support top plates 4, and when the movable vertical rod 34 moves downward, it can also drive the second rack 26 to move on the second gear 27, so that when the second gear 27 rotates, it drives the third rack 30 to move toward the inner side of the support vertical plate 33, so that the side end vertical frame 31 can drive the hook 32 to clamp and limit the diamond steel mesh 3, completing the work of installing the diamond steel mesh 3 on the side end of the support vertical plate 33, and when the insert tube 16 in the second support component 2 moves to the limit position inside the extension support rod 21 in the first support component 2, the key on the insert tube 16 can pass through the bottom end of the limiting vertical plate 24, so that the limiting vertical plate 24 can insert the insert tube 16 limit block, prevent the reset spring 19 from driving the displacement cross plate 20 to reset, complete the assembly work of the two plug-in cylinders 16 and the extension support rod 21, when the device needs to be disassembled, the limit vertical plate 24 can be pulled upward, so that the limit vertical plate 24 can be misaligned with the key, so that the plug-in cylinder 16 can be unlocked, and then the second plug-in cylinder 16 is pulled to the front end, and the elasticity of the reset spring 19 will drive the displacement cross plate 20 to move to the front end, so that the first rack 22 can move to the front end on the top of the first gear 23, drive the wire drum 18 to rotate in the opposite direction, release the wire rope 28, and install a reset spring between the synchronous rod 11 and the top of the support bottom plate 6, so that the reset spring will drive the first piston rod 7 to reset upward. At this time, the movable vertical rod 34 will drive the second rack 26 to reset upward, so that when the second gear 27 rotates in the opposite direction, it drives the third rack 30 to move to the end away from the support vertical plate 33, so that the hook 32 can be out of contact with the diamond steel mesh 3, which is convenient for the diamond steel mesh 3 to be disassembled from the hook 32, and the work is completed.

[0045] Example 2

[0046] On the basis of Example 1, Figure 8 As shown, the central base 17 further includes a supporting side frame 36 and a covering plate 37 . The supporting side frame 36 is fixedly mounted on the top end of the central base 17 , and the covering plate 37 is rotatably mounted on the supporting side frame 36 .

[0047] When implementing this embodiment, when the device is in use, the cover plate 37 can be rotated downward until it fits with the top of the center base 17, so that the probability of impurities entering the center base 17 can be reduced. At the same time, a wire hole is opened on the cover plate 37, so that the wire rope 28 can pass through the inside of the cover plate 37, and a handle is installed on the top of the cover plate 37, so that the user can easily rotate the cover plate 37 to complete the work.

[0048] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A gangue retaining device for underground coal mines along the gob, comprising a top device (1), a support component (2) symmetrically fixedly mounted at the bottom of the top device (1), a diamond-shaped steel mesh (3) mounted on the side of the support component (2) away from the top device (1), characterized in that: The top device (1) comprises a supporting top plate (4), an alignment groove (5), a supporting bottom plate (6), a first piston rod (7), a synchronous plug plate (8), a second piston rod (9), an L-shaped gas cylinder (10) and a synchronous rod (11), wherein the supporting top plate (4) is fixedly mounted on the top of the supporting bottom plate (6), the alignment groove (5) is arranged at the front end center of the supporting bottom plate (6), the L-shaped gas cylinder (10) is fixedly mounted at an equidistant distance at the inner rear end of the supporting bottom plate (6), the first piston rod (7) is slidably mounted inside the top of the L-shaped gas cylinder (10), and the synchronous rod (11) is fixedly mounted on the first active The top end of the plug rod (7), the second piston rod (9) is slidably inserted into the rear end of the L-shaped gas cylinder (10), the synchronization plug plate (8) is fixedly installed at the rear end of the second piston rod (9), the support component (2) includes a reinforced support column (12), a positioning device (13), a limiting device (14) and a synchronization device (15), the reinforced support column (12) is symmetrically fixedly installed at the top center of the positioning device (13), the synchronization device (15) is fixedly installed at the top side end of the positioning device (13), and the limiting device (14) is fixedly installed at the top front end of the positioning device (13).

2. The device for retaining gangue along the gob in underground coal mines according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The alignment device (13) comprises an insert cylinder (16), a center base (17), a wire drum (18), a return spring (19), a displacement cross plate (20), an extension support rod (21), a first rack (22) and a first gear (23), wherein the extension support rod (21) is fixedly mounted at the front end of the center base (17), the insert cylinder (16) is fixedly mounted at the rear end of the center base (17), the return spring (19) is symmetrically fixedly mounted between the displacement cross plate (20) and the center base (17), the displacement cross plate (20) is fixedly mounted at the front end of the first rack (22), the first rack (22) is slidably inserted into the inner front end of the center base (17), the first gear (23) is rotatably mounted inside the center base (17), and the wire drum (18) is fixedly mounted at the side end of the first gear (23).

3. The device for retaining gangue along the gob in underground coal mines according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The limiting device (14) comprises a limiting vertical plate (24) and a guide cavity (25), and the limiting vertical plate (24) is slidably inserted into the top end of the guide cavity (25).

4. The device for retaining gangue along the gob in underground coal mines according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The synchronization device (15) comprises a second rack (26), a second gear (27), a steel wire rope (28), a special-shaped connecting rod (29), a third rack (30), a side end vertical frame (31), a hook (32), a support vertical plate (33), a movable vertical rod (34) and a limiting sleeve (35), wherein the limiting sleeve (35) is fixedly mounted on the inner top end of the support vertical plate (33), the movable vertical rod (34) is slidably inserted into the top end of the limiting sleeve (35), the second rack (26) is symmetrically fixedly mounted on the bottom end of the movable vertical rod (34), and the steel wire rope (28) is fixedly mounted on the bottom end of the movable vertical rod (34). ) is fixedly connected to the bottom center of the movable vertical rod (34), the second gear (27) is symmetrically rotatably mounted on the side end of the supporting vertical plate (33) close to the limiting sleeve (35), the special-shaped connecting rod (29) is slidably inserted into the two ends inside the supporting vertical plate (33), the third rack (30) is fixedly mounted on the top of the special-shaped connecting rod (29), the side end vertical frame (31) is fixedly mounted on one end of the special-shaped connecting rod (29) away from the supporting vertical plate (33), and the hook (32) is equidistantly fixedly mounted on the side end of the side end vertical frame (31) away from the limiting sleeve (35).

5. The device for retaining gangue along the gob in underground coal mines according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The support bottom plate (6) is fixedly mounted on the top between the two support vertical plates (33), the guide cavity (25) is fixedly mounted on the top of the extension support rod (21) close to the displacement cross plate (20), the bottom end of the steel wire rope (28) is connected to the outer ring of the wire drum (18), the support vertical plate (33) is fixedly mounted on the top of the central base (17) close to the wire drum (18), the second rack (26) and the third rack (30) are respectively engaged with the second gear (27), and the top end of the movable vertical rod (34) is connected to the bottom end of the synchronization rod (11).

6. The device for retaining gangue along the gob in underground coal mines according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The interior of the L-shaped air cylinder (10) is arranged in a hollow state, and a closed cavity is formed between the first piston rod (7), the second piston rod (9) and the L-shaped air cylinder (10); the synchronous plug plate (8) is horizontally aligned with the alignment groove (5); a groove is provided inside the extension support rod (21), and the outer surface of the plug cylinder (16) is in contact with the inner surface of the groove inside the extension support rod (21).

7. The device for retaining gangue along the gob in underground coal mines according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The first rack (22) is meshed with the first gear (23), and a key is fixedly installed on the top of the rear end of the insert cylinder (16), and the top of the rear end of the key is inclined at 45 degrees.

8. The device for retaining gangue along the gob in underground coal mines according to claim 7 is characterized in that: Anti-dropping plates are fixedly mounted at both ends of the limiting vertical plate (24), and a sliding groove is provided inside the guide cavity (25). The thickness of the second gear (27) is 5 cm, and the thickness of the second rack (26) and the third rack (30) are both 2 cm.

9. The device for retaining gangue along the gob in underground coal mines according to claim 8 is characterized in that: The central base (17) further comprises a supporting side frame (36) and a covering plate (37), wherein the supporting side frame (36) is fixedly mounted on the top end of the central base (17), and the covering plate (37) is rotatably mounted on the supporting side frame (36).

10. A method for using a rock-blocking device for a gob-side lane retaining in a coal mine, using the rock-blocking device for a gob-side lane retaining in a coal mine as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: S1. First, the device is moved to the gob-side tunnel until the supporting top plate (4) contacts the tunnel top. Then, the diamond steel mesh (3) is placed close to the surface of the tunnel wall so that the hook (32) can be vertically aligned with the diamond steel mesh (3), thus completing the installation of a top device (1) and a supporting component (2). S2, then, another top device (1) and a supporting component (2) are moved onto the installed top device (1) and the supporting component (2), so that the inserting tube (16) can move toward the rear end along the inside of the extension support rod (21), so that the displacement cross plate (20) can drive the first rack (22) to move on the top of the first gear (23), so that the wire drum (18) can be driven to rotate, so that the steel wire rope (28) can pull the movable vertical rod (34) to move downward, so that the second rack (26) can drive the second gear (27) to rotate, and the side end vertical frame (31) can be displaced, so that the hook (32) can buckle and restrict the diamond steel mesh (3); S3. Finally, when the movable vertical rod (34) moves downward, it can also drive the first piston rod (7) to move downward, so that the second piston rod (9) can drive the synchronous plug plate (8) to move, so that the synchronous plug plate (8) in one top device (1) can be inserted into the alignment groove (5) in the other top device (1), thereby improving the supporting strength of the supporting base plate (6). Moreover, when the insert cylinder (16) is pushed to the extreme position inside the extension support rod (21), the insert key on the insert cylinder (16) can cooperate with the limiting vertical plate (24) to dock, so that the two supporting components (2) can be merged and connected to complete the work.

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