Intelligent power grid management method based on Internet of Things

Abstract

The invention discloses an intelligent power grid management method based on the Internet of Things, and particularly relates to the technical field of the Internet of Things, the method uses an Internet of Things sensor and intelligent equipment to collect various data in power grid operation in real time, including key information such as voltage, current, equipment state and the like, the comprehensiveness of the data collection range is improved, and the data collection efficiency is improved. The data are deeply processed and analyzed, the power load capacity is evaluated, the data in the operation process of the power grid are analyzed again according to the evaluation result, and the operation efficiency of the power grid is calculated, so that the real-time monitoring and fault early warning of the state of the power grid are realized. And based on the power load capacity and the power grid operation efficiency, the equipment operation state is automatically adjusted, the power grid operation efficiency is optimized, the power grid resource allocation rationality is improved, safe, stable and efficient operation of the power grid is ensured, and thus the demand of users for electric energy is met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of Internet of Things, and more specifically, to a smart grid management method based on Internet of Things. Background Art

[0002] Smart grid management methods use the Internet of Things technology to achieve real-time monitoring and data collection of power grid equipment, lines and user electricity consumption. Internet of Things technology includes sensors, RFID tags and wireless communication networks, which are widely used in various nodes of the power grid and provide a rich data foundation for smart grids. Modern power grids are composed of multiple links such as power generation, transmission, distribution and consumption. This complexity makes it easy for the power grid to trigger a chain reaction when it is subjected to various internal and external threats, such as equipment failure, leading to large-scale power outages or even system collapse. Therefore, real-time and comprehensive management of the power grid is particularly important.

[0003] Traditional power grid management methods mainly rely on computer technology, communication technology and forecasting services to achieve efficient, flexible and intelligent operation of the power system, including the following aspects: the data acquisition module collects power grid safety data through computers, including electric energy indicators such as current, voltage, and frequency; the data analysis module is used to analyze the collected data to obtain power-related parameters; the human-computer interaction module is used to display and store the analyzed power-related parameters, and the staff handles the unsafe points of power grid monitoring by displaying the results.

[0004] However, there are still some shortcomings in its actual use. For example, due to the rapid transmission process of electric energy, power generation, transmission and power supply are completed at the same time. The real-time and rapid performance of the power grid can no longer be met by traditional power grid management methods. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce advanced technical means to improve the intelligence and safety of power grid management, such as through the Internet of Things technology, sensors, smart devices, etc., to collect various data in the operation of the power grid in real time, including key information such as power, voltage, current, and equipment status, and then build a more comprehensive and accurate safety monitoring model. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, an embodiment of the present invention provides a smart grid management method based on the Internet of Things, which solves the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology through a smart grid management method based on the Internet of Things.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] S1: Divide management area: deploy monitoring equipment at key nodes and important equipment in the power grid management and monitoring area, establish a complete power grid management and monitoring network, and determine the key nodes and important equipment where monitoring equipment are deployed as management sub-areas, which are numbered 1, 2, ..., i, ..., n in sequence;

[0008] S2: Importing basic grid information: Importing the grid management monitoring network into the system operation database, and entering the status information of the grid equipment into the preset analysis database, where the status information includes the normal operation status, isolation status and maintenance status of the grid equipment;

[0009] S3: Collecting power data: Collecting power data of each management sub-area and transmitting the collected data to the system operation database;

[0010] S4: Power data preprocessing: preprocess the power data collected in S3, and store the preprocessed voltage stability coefficient, current stability coefficient and frequency stability coefficient in the system operation database;

[0011] S5: Power data analysis: Establish a power data analysis model for the pre-processed voltage stability coefficient, current stability coefficient, and frequency stability coefficient, conduct a comprehensive assessment of the power load of the power grid, obtain a power load capacity assessment index, and store the analyzed data in the system operation database;

[0012] S6: Power data judgment: Based on the power load capacity evaluation index, each management sub-area with strong power load capacity and weak power load capacity is screened, and each management sub-area with strong power load capacity and weak power load capacity is transmitted to the system operation database, and the management sub-area with weak power load capacity is numbered;

[0013] S7: Power grid operation data processing: based on the management sub-area with weak power load capacity, data collection and processing are performed on the management sub-area with weak power load capacity, the power grid operation efficiency is calculated, and the calculation results are stored in the system operation database;

[0014] S8: Grid operation optimization: Receive the grid operation efficiency transmitted by the grid operation data processing steps, automatically adjust the operation status, and display the grid operation process on the terminal display screen, generate a grid management report, and the operation and maintenance personnel will detect, improve and optimize the grid equipment under maintenance.

[0015] Preferably, the monitoring equipment is capable of collecting power grid operation data in real time. Common monitoring equipment includes Internet of Things sensors, data collectors and monitoring instruments; key nodes and important equipment in the power grid management and monitoring area usually include high-voltage substations, intersections of transmission lines and important load access points.

[0016] Preferably, the power data collection step includes a voltage stability data collection unit, a current stability data collection unit, a frequency stability data collection unit and a power data transmission unit. The voltage stability data collection unit is used to collect the voltage effective value, voltage harmonic content, fluctuating voltage and voltage imbalance in the power grid management and monitoring area, which are respectively recorded as Uh, Uc, Ub and Up; the current stability data collection unit is used to collect the current effective value, current harmonic content, fluctuating current and current imbalance in the power grid management and monitoring area, which are respectively recorded as Ih, Ic, Ib and Ip; the power stability data collection unit is used to collect the actual frequency deviation value, frequency change rate and frequency qualification rate in the power grid management and monitoring area, which are respectively recorded as Pd, Pb and Pl; the power data transmission unit is used to transmit the collected data to the power data preprocessing step.

[0017] Preferably, the power data preprocessing step includes a power data receiving unit, a voltage stability data preprocessing unit, a current stability data preprocessing unit, a frequency stability data preprocessing unit and a data output unit. The power data receiving unit is used to receive the power data collected by the power data collecting step. The voltage stability data preprocessing unit classifies and summarizes the collected voltage stability data to calculate the voltage stability coefficient. The specific calculation formula is:

[0018]

[0019] Among them Uh i represents the effective value of the voltage in the ith management sub-area, Uh′ represents the effective value of the standard voltage during the operation of the power grid, and Uc i represents the voltage harmonic content of the ith management sub-area, Ub i represents the fluctuation voltage of the ith management sub-area, Up i Indicates the voltage imbalance degree of the i-th management sub-area; the current stability data preprocessing unit classifies and summarizes the collected current stability data to calculate the current stability coefficient, and the specific calculation formula is:

[0020]

[0021] Among them Ih i represents the effective value of the current in the ith management sub-area, Ih′ represents the standard effective value of the current during the operation of the power grid, and Ic i represents the current harmonic content of the ith management sub-area, Ib i represents the fluctuating current of the ith management sub-area, Ip i Indicates the current imbalance degree of the i-th management sub-area; the frequency stability data preprocessing unit classifies and summarizes the collected frequency stability data to calculate the frequency stability coefficient, and the specific calculation formula is:

[0022]

[0023] Where Pd i Indicates the actual frequency deviation value of the i-th management sub-area, Pd 允 Indicates the allowable frequency deviation value. Pb represents the frequency pass rate of the ith management sub-area per unit time, i represents the frequency change rate of the i-th management sub-area; the data output unit transmits the pre-processed power data to the power data analysis step.

[0024] Preferably, the power data analysis step includes a pre-processing data receiving unit, a power load capacity evaluation index calculation unit and a data output unit. The specific data processing process is as follows:

[0025] Preprocessed data receiving unit: used for receiving preprocessed power data;

[0026] Power load capacity evaluation index calculation unit: Based on the voltage stability coefficient, current stability coefficient and frequency stability coefficient, a power data analysis model is established to calculate the power load capacity evaluation index. The specific calculation formula is:

[0027]

[0028] Among them, λ1, λ2, and λ3 are proportional coefficients corresponding to different indicators, λ1>0, λ2>0, and λ3>0;

[0029] Data output unit: sends the analyzed data to the power data judgment step.

[0030] Preferably, the power data judgment step compares the power load capacity assessment index corresponding to each management sub-area in the power grid management monitoring network with the preset standard power load capacity assessment index. If the power load capacity assessment index corresponding to a certain management sub-area is greater than or equal to the preset standard power load capacity assessment index, it indicates that the power load capacity of the management sub-area is strong, and the equipment operation status of the area is a normal operation status. Otherwise, it indicates that the power load capacity of the management sub-area is weak, and there is an abnormal situation in the power grid that affects the normal operation. The equipment operation status of the area is adjusted to an isolated state, and the management sub-areas with weak power load capacity and strong power load capacity are screened and counted according to the power load capacity of the management sub-areas, and data collection and analysis of the management sub-areas with strong power load capacity are maintained, and the management sub-areas with weak power load capacity are recorded as designated management sub-areas, and they are numbered 1, 2, ..., j, ..., k in sequence.

[0031] Preferably, the power grid operation data processing step collects the power grid transmission loss rate, power grid power supply interruption time and power factor in the power grid operation based on each designated management sub-area, which are recorded as Er, Et and cos respectively, and establishes a mathematical model of power grid operation efficiency to calculate the power grid operation efficiency. The specific analysis formula of the power grid operation efficiency is:

[0032]

[0033] Among them, Et j represents the power supply interruption time of the jth designated management sub-area, a1 and a2 are the quadratic coefficient and linear coefficient of the power supply interruption time, a1>0, a2>0, Er j represents the power transmission loss rate of the j-th designated management sub-area, and cosφ represents the power factor.

[0034] Preferably, the grid operation optimization step is based on the grid operation efficiency, and a grid operation efficiency threshold is set. When the grid operation efficiency is higher than the grid operation efficiency threshold, the grid equipment will automatically adjust to a normal operating state, automatically increase the output power and adjust the load distribution of the circuit during the load peak period, and automatically reduce the operating load of the grid equipment in the load valley area to reduce energy waste. When the grid operation efficiency is lower than the grid operation efficiency threshold, the grid equipment will automatically adjust to a maintenance state, issue an early warning and immediately notify the operation and maintenance personnel, and generate a grid management report based on the voltage stability coefficient, current stability coefficient, frequency stability coefficient, power load capacity assessment index and grid operation efficiency, and present the grid management report to the operation and maintenance personnel. The operation and maintenance personnel improve and optimize the analysis method and results according to the grid management report, thereby improving the safety and stability of the grid.

[0035] Technical effects and advantages of the present invention:

[0036] 1. The present invention establishes a power grid management and monitoring network through the step of dividing the management area, divides the power grid management and monitoring area into multiple management sub-areas, and can realize the refined management of the power grid. The data of each management sub-area is carried out independently, and the real-time changes of the power grid can be captured more accurately; through the step of importing the basic information of the power grid, the status information of the power grid equipment is entered into the preset analysis database, and the real-time status information of the power grid equipment is recorded, which provides convenience and safety for the management of operation and maintenance personnel; through the step of collecting power data, the power data of each management sub-area is collected, and the power data is used to provide data support for subsequent data preprocessing and analysis; through the power data preprocessing step, the collected power data is preprocessed, and a preprocessing model is established to simplify the complex and changeable data, thereby improving the operation efficiency of this method; through the power data analysis step, the preprocessed data is further analyzed, and an analysis model is established to obtain a power load capacity evaluation index, which is of great significance for evaluating the power load capacity;

[0037] 2. Judge the power load capacity through the power grid operation data processing step, and judge and screen the management sub-areas with strong and weak power load capacity; further process the management sub-areas with weak power load capacity through the power grid operation data processing step to optimize the power grid management level; automatically adjust the equipment operation status based on the power grid operation efficiency through the power grid operation optimization step, optimize the power grid operation efficiency, ensure the safe, stable and efficient operation of the power grid, and thus meet the user's demand for electricity. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the system operation of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 2 It is a system structure block diagram of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] As attached Figure 1 A smart grid management method based on the Internet of Things is shown, including S1 to S8.

[0042] S1: Divide management areas: Deploy monitoring equipment at key nodes and important equipment in the power grid management and monitoring area, establish a complete power grid management and monitoring network, and identify the key nodes and important equipment where monitoring equipment are deployed as management sub-areas, numbered 1, 2, ..., i, ..., n in sequence.

[0043] In this embodiment, it should be specifically explained that the monitoring equipment can collect power grid operation data in real time and accurately. Common monitoring equipment includes sensors, data collectors and monitoring instruments; key nodes and important equipment in the power grid management monitoring area usually include high-voltage substations, intersections of transmission lines and important load access points.

[0044] S2: Import basic grid information: Import the grid management monitoring network into the system operation database, and enter the status information of the grid equipment into the preset analysis database, where the status information includes the normal operating status, isolation status and maintenance status of the grid equipment.

[0045] In this embodiment, it should be specifically explained that the normal operating status of the power grid equipment indicates that the isolating switch and circuit breaker of the equipment are in a closed state, and the power grid can supply power normally; the isolation status of the power grid equipment indicates that the relay of the equipment is disconnected and the isolating switch is in a closed state, and the power grid can resume power supply after the relay is closed; the maintenance status of the power grid equipment indicates that the circuit breaker and isolating switch of the equipment are disconnected, and the equipment is in a power outage maintenance state.

[0046] S3: Collecting power data: Collecting power data of each management sub-area and transmitting the collected data to the system operation database.

[0047] In this embodiment, it should be specifically explained that the power data collection step includes a voltage stability data collection unit, a current stability data collection unit, a frequency stability data collection unit and a power data transmission unit. The voltage stability data collection unit is used to collect the voltage effective value, voltage harmonic content, fluctuating voltage and voltage imbalance in the power grid management and monitoring area, which are respectively recorded as Uh, Uc, Ub and Up. The current stability data collection unit is used to collect the current effective value, current harmonic content, fluctuating current and current imbalance in the power grid management and monitoring area, which are respectively recorded as Ih, Ic, Ib and Ip; the power stability data collection unit is used to collect the actual frequency deviation value, frequency change rate and frequency qualification rate in the power grid management and monitoring area, which are respectively recorded as Pd, Pb and Pl; the power data transmission unit is used to transmit the collected data to the power data preprocessing step.

[0048] Furthermore, the voltage harmonic content and the current harmonic content are obtained by sampling and digitizing the current signal through fast Fourier transform to obtain the frequency and amplitude of each harmonic, and the percentage of the fundamental amplitude is calculated to obtain the harmonic content; the fluctuating voltage and the fluctuating current are measured in each monitoring area by a voltage fluctuation recorder and a current fluctuation recorder respectively, and the fluctuating voltage and the fluctuating current are obtained by the square demodulation detection method; the voltage unbalance and the current unbalance are measured by a power quality analyzer; the actual frequency deviation value represents the difference between the actual value and the nominal value of the frequency. The standard frequency of my country's power system is 50Hz, and the allowable frequency deviation value depends on the grid capacity, generally not exceeding ±0.2Hz or ±0.5Hz; the frequency change rate represents the ratio of the frequency change in a certain time interval to the time interval, and the time interval is seconds or milliseconds; the frequency qualification rate represents the percentage of the time when the grid frequency is within the allowable deviation to the statistical time.

[0049] S4: Power data preprocessing: preprocess the power data collected by S3, and store the preprocessed voltage stability coefficient, current stability coefficient and frequency stability coefficient in the system operation database.

[0050] In this embodiment, it should be specifically explained that the power data preprocessing step includes a power data receiving unit, a voltage stability data preprocessing unit, a current stability data preprocessing unit, a frequency stability data preprocessing unit and a data output unit. The power data receiving unit is used to receive the power data collected by the power data collection step. The voltage stability data preprocessing unit classifies and summarizes the collected voltage stability data to calculate the voltage stability coefficient. The specific calculation formula is:

[0051]

[0052] Among them Uh i represents the effective value of the voltage in the ith management sub-area, Uh′ represents the effective value of the standard voltage during the operation of the power grid, and Uc i represents the voltage harmonic content of the ith management sub-area, Ub i represents the fluctuation voltage of the ith management sub-area, Up i Indicates the voltage imbalance degree of the i-th management sub-area; the current stability data preprocessing unit classifies and summarizes the collected current stability data to calculate the current stability coefficient, and the specific calculation formula is:

[0053]

[0054] Among them Ih i represents the effective value of the current in the ith management sub-area, Ih′ represents the standard effective value of the current during the operation of the power grid, and Ic i represents the current harmonic content of the ith management sub-area, Ib i represents the fluctuating current of the ith management sub-area, Ip i Indicates the current imbalance degree of the i-th management sub-area; the frequency stability data preprocessing unit classifies and summarizes the collected frequency stability data to calculate the frequency stability coefficient, and the specific calculation formula is:

[0055]

[0056] Where Pd i Indicates the actual frequency deviation value of the i-th management sub-area, Pd 允 Indicates the allowable frequency deviation value. Pb represents the frequency pass rate of the ith management sub-area per unit time, i represents the frequency change rate of the i-th management sub-area; the data output unit transmits the pre-processed power data to the power data analysis step.

[0057] S5: Power data analysis: Establish a power data analysis model for the pre-processed voltage stability coefficient, current stability coefficient and frequency stability coefficient, conduct a comprehensive assessment of the power load situation of the power grid, obtain the power load capacity assessment index, and store the analyzed data in the system operation database.

[0058] In this embodiment, it should be specifically explained that the power data analysis step includes a pre-processing data receiving unit, a power load capacity evaluation index calculation unit and a data output unit. The specific data processing process is as follows:

[0059] Preprocessed data receiving unit: used for receiving preprocessed power data;

[0060] Power load capacity evaluation index calculation unit: Based on the voltage stability coefficient, current stability coefficient and frequency stability coefficient, a power data analysis model is established to calculate the power load capacity evaluation index. The specific calculation formula is:

[0061]

[0062] Among them, λ1, λ2, and λ3 are proportional coefficients corresponding to different indicators, λ1>0, λ2>0, and λ3>0;

[0063] Data output unit: sends the analyzed data to the power data judgment step.

[0064] S6: Power data judgment: Based on the power load capacity evaluation index, screen the management sub-areas with strong power load capacity and weak power load capacity, and transmit the management sub-areas with strong power load capacity and weak power load capacity to the system operation database, and number the management sub-areas with weak power load capacity.

[0065] In this embodiment, it is necessary to specifically explain that the power data judgment step compares the power load capacity evaluation index corresponding to each management sub-area in the power grid management monitoring network with the preset standard power load capacity evaluation index. If the power load capacity evaluation index corresponding to a certain management sub-area is greater than or equal to the preset standard power load capacity evaluation index, it indicates that the power load capacity of the management sub-area is strong, and the equipment operation status of the area is a normal operation state. Otherwise, it indicates that the power load capacity of the management sub-area is weak, and there is an abnormal situation in the power grid that affects the normal operation. The equipment operation status of the area is adjusted to an isolated state, and the management sub-areas with weak power load capacity and strong power load capacity are screened and counted according to the power load capacity of the management sub-area, and data collection and analysis of the management sub-areas with strong power load capacity are maintained, and the management sub-areas with weak power load capacity are recorded as designated management sub-areas, and they are numbered 1, 2, ..., j, ..., k in sequence.

[0066] S7: Grid operation data processing: Based on the management sub-areas with weak power load capacity, data collection and processing are performed on the management sub-areas with weak power load capacity, the grid operation efficiency is calculated, and the calculation results are stored in the system operation database.

[0067] In this embodiment, it should be specifically explained that the power grid operation data processing step is based on each designated management sub-area, and the power grid transmission loss rate, power grid power supply interruption time and power factor in the power grid operation are collected, which are recorded as Er, Et and cosφ respectively, and a power grid operation efficiency mathematical model is established to calculate the power grid operation efficiency. The specific analysis formula of the power grid operation efficiency is:

[0068]

[0069] Among them, Et j represents the power supply interruption time of the jth designated management sub-area, a1 and a2 are the quadratic coefficient and linear coefficient of the power supply interruption time, a1>0, a2>0, Er j represents the power transmission loss rate of the j-th designated management sub-area, and cosφ represents the power factor.

[0070] Furthermore, the grid loss rate is obtained through the Internet of Things sensor during the power transmission process, and the grid power outage time is measured by installing a smart meter that starts timing when the power outage is identified. The power factor calculation formula is cosφ=P / S, where cosφ represents the power factor, P is the active power, S is the apparent power, and the power factor ranges from 0 to 1.

[0071] S8: Grid operation optimization: Receive the grid operation efficiency transmitted by the grid operation data processing steps, automatically adjust the operation status, and display the grid operation process on the terminal display screen, generate a grid management report, and the operation and maintenance personnel will detect, improve and optimize the grid equipment under maintenance.

[0072] In this embodiment, it should be specifically explained that the grid operation optimization step is based on the grid operation efficiency, and a grid operation efficiency threshold is set. When the grid operation efficiency is higher than the grid operation efficiency threshold, the grid equipment will automatically adjust to a normal operating state, automatically increase the output power and adjust the load distribution of the circuit during the peak load period, and automatically reduce the operating load of the grid equipment in the load valley area to reduce energy waste. When the grid operation efficiency is lower than the grid operation efficiency threshold, the grid equipment will automatically adjust to a maintenance state, issue an early warning and immediately notify the operation and maintenance personnel, and generate a grid management report based on the voltage stability coefficient, current stability coefficient, frequency stability coefficient, power load capacity assessment index and grid operation efficiency, and present the grid management report to the operation and maintenance personnel. The operation and maintenance personnel improve and optimize the analysis method and results according to the grid management report, thereby improving the safety and stability of the grid.

[0073] The database includes a system operation database and a preset analysis database. The system operation database is used to store the power grid management monitoring network and the data collected, pre-processed and analyzed, and the preset analysis database is used to store the status information of the power grid equipment.

[0074] The present invention establishes a power grid management and monitoring network through the step of dividing management areas, divides the power grid management and monitoring area into multiple management sub-areas, can realize refined management of the power grid, and the data of each management sub-area is independently processed, which can more accurately capture the real-time changes of the power grid; through the step of importing basic information of the power grid, the status information of the power grid equipment is entered into a preset analysis database, and the real-time status information of the power grid equipment is recorded, which provides convenience and safety for the management of operation and maintenance personnel; through the step of collecting power data, the power data of each management sub-area is collected, and the power data provides data support for subsequent data preprocessing and analysis; through the power data preprocessing step, the collected power data is preprocessed, and a preprocessing model is established to simplify the complex and changeable data. , improve the operation efficiency of this method; further analyze the pre-processed data through the power data analysis step, establish an analysis model, and obtain a power load capacity evaluation index, which is of great significance for evaluating the power load capacity; judge the power load capacity through the power grid operation data processing step, and judge and screen each management sub-area with strong power load capacity and weak power load capacity; further process the management sub-area with weak power load capacity through the power grid operation data processing step to optimize the power grid management level and improve the reliability and stability of power supply; automatically adjust the equipment operation status based on the power grid operation efficiency through the power grid operation optimization step, optimize the power grid operation efficiency, ensure the safe, stable and efficient operation of the power grid, so as to meet the user's demand for electricity.

[0075] like Figure 2The present embodiment provides a system for a smart grid management method based on the Internet of Things, comprising the following modules: a regional division module, a grid basic information entry module, a power data acquisition module, a power data preprocessing module, a power data analysis module, a power data judgment module, a grid operation data processing module, a grid operation optimization module, a database, and a central processing unit.

[0076] Secondly: In the drawings of the embodiments disclosed in the present invention, only the structures related to the embodiments disclosed in the present invention are involved, and other structures can refer to the general design. In the absence of conflict, the same embodiment and different embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other;

[0077] Finally: The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A smart grid management method based on the Internet of Things, characterized in that: include: S1: Divide management area: deploy monitoring equipment at key nodes and grid equipment in the grid management and monitoring area, establish a complete grid management and monitoring network, and determine the key nodes and grid equipment where monitoring equipment are deployed as management sub-areas, which are numbered 1, 2, ..., i, ..., n in sequence; S2: Importing basic grid information: Importing the grid management monitoring network into the system operation database, and entering the status information of the grid equipment into the preset analysis database, where the status information includes the normal operation status, isolation status and maintenance status of the grid equipment; S3: Collecting power data: Collecting power data of each management sub-area and transmitting the collected data to the system operation database; S4: Power data preprocessing: preprocess the power data collected in S3, and store the preprocessed voltage stability coefficient, current stability coefficient and frequency stability coefficient in the system operation database; S5: Power data analysis: Establish a power data analysis model for the pre-processed voltage stability coefficient, current stability coefficient, and frequency stability coefficient, conduct a comprehensive assessment of the power load of the power grid, obtain a power load capacity assessment index, and store the analyzed data in the system operation database; S6: Power data judgment: Based on the power load capacity evaluation index, each management sub-area with strong power load capacity and weak power load capacity is screened, and each management sub-area with strong power load capacity and weak power load capacity is transmitted to the system operation database, and the management sub-area with weak power load capacity is numbered; S7: Power grid operation data processing: based on the management sub-area with weak power load capacity, data collection and processing are performed on the management sub-area with weak power load capacity, the power grid operation efficiency is calculated, and the calculation results are stored in the system operation database; S8: Grid operation optimization: Receive the grid operation efficiency transmitted by the grid operation data processing steps, automatically adjust the operation status, and display the grid operation process on the terminal display screen, generate a grid management report, and the operation and maintenance personnel will detect, improve and optimize the grid equipment under maintenance.

2. The method for managing a smart grid based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1, characterized in that: The monitoring equipment can collect power grid operation data in real time, and the monitoring equipment includes Internet of Things sensors, data collectors and monitoring instruments; the key nodes and power grid equipment in the power grid management monitoring area include high-voltage substations, intersection points of transmission lines and load access points.

3. The method for managing a smart grid based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of collecting power data includes a voltage stability data collection unit, a current stability data collection unit, a frequency stability data collection unit and a power data transmission unit. The voltage stability data collection unit is used to collect the voltage effective value, voltage harmonic content, fluctuating voltage and voltage imbalance in the power grid management and monitoring area, which are respectively recorded as Uh, Uc, Ub and Up. The current stability data collection unit is used to collect the current effective value, current harmonic content, fluctuating current and current imbalance in the power grid management and monitoring area, which are respectively recorded as Ih, Ic, Ib and Ip; the power stability data collection unit is used to collect the actual frequency deviation value, frequency change rate and frequency qualification rate in the power grid management and monitoring area, which are respectively recorded as Pd, Pb and Pl; the power data transmission unit is used to transmit the collected data to the power data preprocessing step.

4. The method for managing a smart grid based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power data preprocessing step includes a power data receiving unit, a voltage stability data preprocessing unit, a current stability data preprocessing unit, a frequency stability data preprocessing unit and a data output unit. The power data receiving unit is used to receive the power data collected by the power data collecting step. The voltage stability data preprocessing unit classifies and summarizes the collected voltage stability data to calculate the voltage stability coefficient. The specific calculation formula is: Among them Uh i represents the effective value of the voltage in the ith management sub-area, Uh′ represents the effective value of the standard voltage during the operation of the power grid, and Uc i represents the voltage harmonic content of the ith management sub-area, Ub i represents the fluctuation voltage of the ith management sub-area, Up i represents the voltage unbalance degree of the i-th management sub-area; The current stability data preprocessing unit classifies and summarizes the collected current stability data to calculate the current stability coefficient. The specific calculation formula is: Among them Ih i represents the effective value of the current in the ith management sub-area, Ih′ represents the standard effective value of the current during the operation of the power grid, and Ic i represents the current harmonic content of the ith management sub-area, Ib i represents the fluctuating current of the ith management sub-area, Ip i represents the current unbalance degree of the i-th management sub-area; The frequency stability data preprocessing unit classifies and summarizes the collected frequency stability data to calculate the frequency stability coefficient. The specific calculation formula is: Where Pd i Indicates the actual frequency deviation value of the i-th management sub-area, Pd 允 Indicates the allowable frequency deviation value for different power grid capacities. Pb represents the frequency qualification rate of the ith management sub-area in unit time, i represents the frequency change rate of the i-th management sub-area; The data output unit transmits the pre-processed power data to the power data analysis step.

5. The method for managing a smart grid based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power data analysis step includes a pre-processing data receiving unit, a power load capacity evaluation index calculation unit and a data output unit. The specific data processing process is as follows: Preprocessed data receiving unit: used for receiving preprocessed power data; Power load capacity evaluation index calculation unit: Based on the voltage stability coefficient, current stability coefficient and frequency stability coefficient, a power data analysis model is established to calculate the power load capacity evaluation index. The specific calculation formula is: Among them, λ1, λ2, and λ3 are proportional coefficients corresponding to different indicators, λ1>0, λ2>0, and λ3>0; Data output unit: sends the analyzed data to the power data judgment step.

6. The method for managing a smart grid based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power data judgment step compares the power load capacity evaluation index corresponding to each management sub-area in the power grid management monitoring network with the preset standard power load capacity evaluation index. If the power load capacity evaluation index corresponding to a certain management sub-area is greater than or equal to the preset standard power load capacity evaluation index, it indicates that the power load capacity of the management sub-area is strong, and the equipment operation status of the area is a normal operation status. Otherwise, it indicates that the power load capacity of the management sub-area is weak, and there is an abnormal situation in the power grid that affects the normal operation. The equipment operation status of the area is adjusted to an isolated state, and the management sub-areas with weak power load capacity and strong power load capacity are screened and counted according to the power load capacity of the management sub-area, and data collection and analysis of the management sub-areas with strong power load capacity are maintained, and the management sub-areas with weak power load capacity are recorded as designated management sub-areas, and they are numbered 1, 2, ..., j, ..., k in sequence.

7. The method for managing a smart grid based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power grid operation data processing step collects the power grid transmission loss rate, power grid power interruption time and power factor in the power grid operation based on each designated management sub-area, which are recorded as Er, Et and cos respectively, and establishes a mathematical model of power grid operation efficiency to calculate the power grid operation efficiency. The specific analysis formula of the power grid operation efficiency is: Among them, Et j represents the power supply interruption time of the jth designated management sub-area, a1 and a2 are the quadratic coefficient and linear coefficient of the power supply interruption time, a1>0, a2>0, Er j represents the power transmission loss rate of the j-th designated management sub-area, and cosφ represents the power factor.

8. The method for managing a smart grid based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grid operation optimization step is based on the grid operation efficiency and sets a grid operation efficiency threshold. When the grid operation efficiency is higher than the grid operation efficiency threshold, the grid equipment will automatically adjust to a normal operating state. When the grid operation efficiency is lower than the grid operation efficiency threshold, the grid equipment will automatically adjust to a maintenance state, issue an early warning and immediately notify the operation and maintenance personnel.

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