Citrus improved budding method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of citrus planting, in particular to an improved bud grafting method for citrus. The improved bud grafting method comprises the following steps: (1) stock treatment; (2) scion selection and treatment; (3) grafting; (4) management after grafting. Compared with a traditional grafting method, the method enters the initial fruit period one year earlier. And a basis is provided for development of new citrus varieties.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of citrus planting, and in particular to an improved citrus bud grafting method. Background Art

[0002] Citrus, a plant belonging to the Rutaceae family, prefers a hot and humid climate and is suitable for growing in sandy soil with sufficient sunlight, deep soil and good ventilation. Citrus resources are abundant, and there are a variety of excellent varieties, including mandarin oranges, tangerines, oranges, and pomeloes. In recent years, new and excellent varieties such as late-maturing navel oranges, Wogan, Ehime 28 and Chunjian have developed rapidly, and a series of varieties such as sweet orange pomelo and golden autumn sugar orange have emerged. Therefore, in order to meet the urgent needs of the market, citrus orchards can only use high-grafting replacement technology to optimize the variety structure in a timely manner, so that some low-yield old orchards can adjust varieties in time according to market demand and improve the economic benefits of the orchard.

[0003] High-grafting is a grafting method that uses the tree skeleton of the original plant to graft other varieties in the crown. This method is named because the grafting point is higher than the general grafting position. The high-grafting technology of citrus is mainly used to breed excellent varieties, supplement pollinated varieties, identify fruit quality and growth and fruiting habits in advance, and transform inefficient and inferior varieties and wild fruit trees. In the high-grafting process, the new and excellent varieties can be grafted with suitable rootstocks, which not only improves the quality and yield of the fruit, but also improves the resistance to common diseases and natural disasters. Compared with seedling grafting, the high-grafting technology can achieve the goal of survival in one year, crown formation in two years, fruiting in three years, and high yield in four years if it is properly managed, greatly shortening the production period. In recent years, when planting citrus, the majority of fruit farmers have not fully mastered the variety improvement and high-grafting technology, resulting in a long production time, low yield, and general quality of citrus, which ultimately leads to the dilemma of poor benefits.

[0004] There are two main types of conventional grafting methods, namely spring branch grafting and autumn bud grafting. Among them, autumn bud grafting (belly grafting) has the following disadvantages: (1) This technology is mainly carried out in August and September in autumn. The scion incision of this technology is not large, but it requires higher technology and post-management, otherwise it will affect the survival rate and growth effect; (2) The scion is small, and when encountering extreme weather such as low temperature, high temperature, continuous rain, etc., it is easy for the interface to dry out and separate and be infected with bacteria, and the stress resistance is poor, resulting in poor grafting survival rate and low germination rate. The disadvantages of spring branch grafting (cut grafting) are as follows: (1) This technology is mainly carried out in March and April in spring. This technology requires cutting off the crown above the grafting site, which causes large wounds and causes great damage to the tree, affecting root growth and tree recovery, slowing production and not conducive to rapidly increasing yields; (2) This method is limited to spring and is not suitable for other seasons. If the grafting does not survive once, a section of the stem must be cut when the grafting is done, resulting in great losses; (3) If the grafting season occurs in the year of typhoons, the new shoots that grow are easily blown off, and the ability to resist typhoons and other weather conditions is poor.

[0005] Therefore, a method to simplify the pruning process of scion and grafting joint, shorten the grafting time, and improve the survival rate and stress resistance is urgently needed. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a citrus improved bud grafting method with simple operation, high survival rate and fast grafting growth speed; in particular, it relates to a citrus improved bud grafting method.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] The present invention provides a citrus improved bud grafting method, comprising the following steps:

[0009] (1) Stock treatment: Remove the leaves and side branches around the crown at a height of 50 to 70 cm from the ground, and keep the main trunk and strong branches as the grafting area for the high-grafting stock;

[0010] Cut the grafting site 3 to 4 cm long and 0.8 to 1.2 cm wide on the branch of the grafting area of ​​the rootstock longitudinally and obliquely, and remove 70 to 80% of the rootstock bark;

[0011] (2) Scion selection and treatment: Select one-year-old woody treetops with full buds as scion branches;

[0012] Select a bud on the scion branch, cut the scion branch obliquely 0.5 to 1 cm from the front end of the bud, and cut the other end of the scion branch obliquely 1 to 2 cm from the rear end of the bud to obtain a bud;

[0013] Make a 2.5-3 cm long cut on the back of the bud where the bud grows to obtain the scion;

[0014] (3) Grafting: inserting the scion into the grafting port of the stock so that the cambium of the scion cut is aligned with the cambium of the grafting port of the stock;

[0015] Use polyethylene film to wrap from top to bottom. Except for the bud part of the scion, which is wrapped in a single layer, the rest of the parts are wrapped in 2 to 5 layers independently.

[0016] (4) Management after grafting: Check the survival of grafts 7 to 10 days after grafting, and regraft those that have not survived in time;

[0017] 30-40 days after grafting, the buds on the scion break through the membrane, and the buds that have not broken through the membrane are artificially broken;

[0018] Every 15 to 20 days, remove the rootstock buds that sprout within 15 to 20 cm of the grafting point;

[0019] When the new shoots of the scion grow to 20-30cm, pinch off the top;

[0020] Remove the flower buds on the new shoots of the scion in time in the year of grafting or the second year after grafting.

[0021] Preferably, after longitudinal beveling, the thickness of the branch remaining on the rootstock bark is 20% to 25% of the overall branch thickness.

[0022] Preferably, the treetops in step (2) are spring or autumn treetops.

[0023] Preferably, the thickness of the flattened material in step (2) is within 20% of the overall thickness of the bud branch.

[0024] Preferably, the polyethylene film in step (3) has a thickness of 2 to 3 filaments.

[0025] Preferably, the method for supplementary grafting in step (4) is: removing the rootstock 1.8 to 2.2 cm above the grafting point.

[0026] The present invention also provides improved citrus obtained according to the improved citrus bud grafting method, wherein the improved citrus enters the initial fruiting period in the first to second year and enters the high-yield period in the third to fourth year.

[0027] The present invention also provides application of the citrus improved bud grafting method in improving citrus varieties and shortening the improvement cycle.

[0028] The present invention also provides application of the improved citrus bud grafting method in cultivating improved citrus varieties with strong stress resistance and high survival rate.

[0029] The invention also provides application of the improved citrus bud grafting method in increasing citrus yield.

[0030] The present invention provides a method for improved budding of citrus. The method for improved budding of citrus comprises the following steps: (1) treating the stock: longitudinally obliquely cutting a grafting port with a length of 3 to 4 cm and a width of 0.8 to 1.2 cm on the branch in the grafting area of ​​the stock, and removing 70 to 80% of the stock bark; (2) selecting and treating the scion: selecting a bud on the scion branch, obliquely cutting the scion branch at a distance of 0.5 to 1 cm from the front end of the bud, and obliquely cutting the other end of the scion branch at a distance of 1 to 2 cm from the rear end of the bud to obtain a bud; flatly cutting a 2.5 cm long bud on the back of the bud where the bud grows; ~3cm incision to obtain the scion; (3) Grafting: embed the scion into the grafting port of the stock, align the cambium of the scion incision with the cambium of the grafting port of the stock; use polyethylene film to wrap from top to bottom, except for the scion bud part which is wrapped in a single layer, the rest of the parts are wrapped independently in 2 to 5 layers; (4) Post-grafting management: check the survival status 7 to 10 days after grafting, and timely re-graft those that have not survived; 30 to 40 days after grafting, the buds on the scion break the membrane, and the buds that have not broken the membrane are artificially broken. The improved citrus budding method of the present invention has the following advantages:

[0031] (1) This technology has a broad spectrum and can replace the traditional bud grafting in autumn and branch grafting in spring. It is simple to operate and can be basically operated all year round. The operation time is generally from March to June and August to November. The grafting survival rate is above 95%.

[0032] (2) The scion used is short and thick, has a lot of nutrients, and grows before healing. Once healing is formed, it can accelerate the emergence of spike buds. In addition, the wound of the rootstock is small, which causes little damage to the tree. The scion and rootstock heal quickly, and the spike buds emerge quickly;

[0033] (3) Since the scion retains most of the xylem, the scion itself has sufficient nutrients and the survival rate is as high as over 98%, which is 8-18% higher than the survival rate of traditional technology;

[0034] (4) Under extreme conditions such as high temperature, continuous rain, typhoon, and low temperature, the scion in this technology is thicker and heals faster, so it has strong resistance and is not easy to rot. The survival rate is above 70-80%, which is 40-50% higher than that of traditional technology.

[0035] (5) This technology has fast bud growth and many branches. The buds survive and form crowns in one year, and begin to bear fruit in two years. A bumper yield can be achieved within three to four years, which is one year earlier than traditional technology and increases the yield by more than 30 to 40%. It also enters a bumper year one year earlier than traditional technology. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 The stock treatment of Example 1;

[0037] Figure 2 The stock treatment of Comparative Example 1;

[0038] Figure 3 The scion treated in Example 1 (left, middle and right represent the scion section, side view and front view respectively);

[0039] Figure 4 The scion treated in Comparative Example 1 (left, middle and right represent the scion section, side view and front view respectively);

[0040] Figure 5 It is the grafting diagram of Example 1;

[0041] Figure 6 It is the grafting diagram of comparative example 1;

[0042] Figure 7 The growth of the tree after grafting using the method of Example 1;

[0043] Figure 8 The growth of the scion branches after grafting using the method of Example 1;

[0044] Fig. 9 The growth of the scion branches after grafting using the method of Comparative Example 1;

[0045] Fig.10 The growth of leaves on the trees after grafting in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 (the left picture shows the growth of leaves on the trees after grafting in Example 1, and the right picture shows the growth of leaves on the trees after grafting in Comparative Example 1). DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] The present invention provides a citrus improved bud grafting method for improving citrus varieties, comprising the following steps:

[0047] (1) Stock treatment: Remove the leaves and side branches around the crown at a height of 50 to 70 cm from the ground, and keep the main trunk and strong branches as the grafting area for the high-grafting stock;

[0048] Cut the grafting site 3 to 4 cm long and 0.8 to 1.2 cm wide on the branch of the grafting area of ​​the rootstock longitudinally and obliquely, and remove 70 to 80% of the rootstock bark;

[0049] In the present invention, the part where the leaves and side branches around the crown are removed is preferably a part of the tree body 60 cm from the ground; the length of the longitudinal bevel is preferably 3.5 cm, and the width is preferably 1.0 cm; after the longitudinal bevel, the thickness of the branch with the rootstock skin retained is 20% to 25% of the overall branch thickness, preferably 22 to 23%, and more preferably 22.5%. The grafting site is required to be smooth, flat and small.

[0050] (2) Scion selection and treatment: Select one-year-old woody treetops with full buds as scion branches;

[0051] Select a bud on the scion branch, cut the scion branch obliquely 0.5 to 1 cm from the front end of the bud, and cut the other end of the scion branch obliquely 1 to 2 cm from the rear end of the bud to obtain a bud;

[0052] Make a 2.5-3 cm long cut on the back of the bud where the bud grows to obtain the scion;

[0053] In the present invention, the treetops are spring or autumn shoots; the treetops are preferably disease-free, pure varieties, and are in the middle, upper and outer parts of the crown; when oblique cutting, the distance from the front end of the bud is preferably 0.8 cm, and the distance from the rear end of the bud is preferably 1.5 cm; the length of the incision for flat cutting is preferably 2.8 cm; the thickness of the flat cutting is within 20% (including 20%) of the overall thickness of the bud branch, and more than 80% (including 80%) of the scion branch with woody tissue is retained.

[0054] (3) Grafting: inserting the scion into the grafting port of the stock so that the cambium of the scion cut is aligned with the cambium of the grafting port of the stock;

[0055] In the present invention, during grafting, if the scion is thick and the stock is thin, when the scion is embedded in the stock, the excess scion end can be exposed outside the stock; if the scion is thin and the stock is thick, when the scion is embedded in the stock, one side of the scion is close to the other side of the stock to ensure that the cambium is aligned.

[0056] The scion is wrapped from bottom to top with a polyethylene film. Except for the bud part of the scion which is wrapped with a single layer, the rest of the parts are wrapped independently with 2 to 5 layers, preferably 3 layers. When wrapping, the layers are tightly buckled with each other without revealing the wrapping, and the sealing is maintained to ensure that the moisture and nutrients of the scion will not be lost after the film wrapping. The thickness of the polyethylene film is 2 to 3 filaments, preferably 2.5 filaments.

[0057] (4) Management after grafting: Check the survival status 7 to 10 days after grafting, and re-graft those that have not survived in time; those that have not survived in late autumn can be re-grafted in the spring of the following year; specifically, in late February to early March of the following year, remove the rootstock 1.8 to 2.2 cm above the grafting point, preferably 2.0 cm above the grafting point.

[0058] 30-40 days after grafting, the buds on the scion break through the membrane, and the buds that have not broken through the membrane are artificially broken;

[0059] Every 15 to 20 days, remove the rootstock buds that sprout within 15 to 20 cm of the grafting point;

[0060] When the new shoots of the scion grow to 20-30 cm, pinching should be carried out; the purpose of pinching is to promote branching and make the base grow thicker.

[0061] Remove the flower buds on the new shoots of the scion in time in the year of grafting or the second year after grafting.

[0062] When grafting in spring, remove the flower buds on the new shoots of the scion in the year of grafting; when grafting in autumn, remove the flower buds on the new shoots of the scion in the second year of grafting.

[0063] The present invention also provides improved citrus obtained according to the improved citrus bud grafting method. In the first to second year, 70 to 80% of the grafted trees can bloom and bear fruit appropriately, entering the initial fruiting period; in the third to fourth year, the trees enter the high-yield period from the initial fruiting period.

[0064] In the case of spring grafting, the year of grafting is the 1st year, the second year of grafting is the 2nd year, and the third year of grafting is the 3rd year;

[0065] When grafting in autumn, the year of grafting is year 0, the second year of grafting is year 1, the third year of grafting is year 2, and the fourth year of grafting is year 3.

[0066] The present invention also provides application of the citrus improved bud grafting method in improving citrus varieties and shortening the improvement cycle.

[0067] The present invention also provides application of the improved citrus bud grafting method in cultivating improved citrus varieties with strong stress resistance and high survival rate.

[0068] The invention also provides application of the improved citrus bud grafting method in increasing citrus yield.

[0069] The solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be understood as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0070] In Examples 1 to 2 of the present invention and Comparative Example 1, 10-year-old honey pomelo was used as the rootstock and green pomelo was used as the scion for grafting.

[0071] In the case of spring grafting, the year of grafting is the 1st year, the second year of grafting is the 2nd year, and the third year of grafting is the 3rd year;

[0072] When grafting in autumn, the year of grafting is year 0, the second year of grafting is year 1, the third year of grafting is year 2, and the fourth year of grafting is year 3.

[0073] Example 1

[0074] The scion branches are the autumn shoots of the previous year, and the grafting time is spring.

[0075] (1) Stock treatment

[0076] At a height of 50-70 cm, remove the leaves and side branches around the crown, and keep the trunk and strong branches as the grafting area for the high-grafted rootstock. Select a flat surface in the grafting area of ​​the high-grafted rootstock, cut a 3.5 cm long and 1.0 cm wide grafting point longitudinally, and remove 75% of the rootstock bark, leaving 25% of the rootstock bark. The thickness of the branch that retains the rootstock bark is 20-25% of the thickness of the entire branch, exposing the xylem tissue ( Figure 1 ), the grafting point should be smooth, flat and small.

[0077] (2) Scion selection and processing

[0078] Select pure variety, disease-free, annual woody pomelo autumn shoots with full buds in the middle, upper and outer parts of the crown as scion branches.

[0079] Select a bud on the scion branch, cut the scion branch obliquely at 0.8 cm from the front end of the bud, and cut the other end of the scion branch obliquely at 1.5 cm from the rear end of the bud to obtain the bud. Make a 2.5 cm long cut on the back of the bud to obtain the scion. Remove 20% of the scion branch thickness when cutting, and keep 80% of the scion branch with wood ( Figure 3 ), requiring the incision to be smooth and small.

[0080] (3) Grafting

[0081] Insert the scion into the grafting port of the cut pomelo rootstock ( Figure 5 ), align the cambium of the scion mouth with the cambium of the rootstock grafting mouth. When grafting, if the scion is thick and the rootstock is thin, the excess scion end can be exposed outside the rootstock when the scion is embedded in the rootstock; if the scion is thin and the rootstock is thick, when the scion is embedded in the rootstock, one side of the scion is close to the other side of the rootstock to ensure that the cambium is aligned.

[0082] Use 2.5-filament polyethylene film to wrap from bottom to top, interlocking layers tightly to keep airtight, so that the moisture and nutrients of the scion will not be lost after the film is wrapped. Except for the bud part of the scion, which is wrapped in a single layer, the rest is wrapped in 3 layers. After wrapping, the tree is like Figure 5 shown.

[0083] The grafting time is March 7, 2021.

[0084] Graft 5 honey pomelo trees, and graft 10 scion grafts on each tree.

[0085] (4) Post-grafting management

[0086] Check the survival of buds and scions 8 days after grafting, and re-graft those that do not survive in time; 35 days after grafting, the buds on the scion break the membrane, and the buds that do not break the membrane should be broken artificially; thin out the rootstock buds that sprout on the rootstock within 20 cm of the grafting port every 20 days; pinch the top of the scion when the new shoots grow to 25 cm; the purpose of pinching is to promote branching and make the base grow thick and strong.

[0087] After grafting, the wounds caused by pruning branches and exposed branches should be whitewashed in time to prevent sunburn and frost cracking.

[0088] Remove the flower buds on the new shoots of the scion in time during the grafting year.

[0089] Carry out fertilization and other management according to conventional methods.

[0090] Example 2

[0091] The grafted tree tops are spring tops and the grafting time is autumn.

[0092] (1) Stock treatment

[0093] At a height of 50 to 70 cm, remove the leaves and side branches around the crown, and keep the branches and strong branches as the grafting area for the high-grafted rootstock. Choose a flat surface in the grafting area of ​​the high-grafted rootstock, cut a 3.2 cm long and 1.0 cm wide grafting point longitudinally, and remove 80% of the rootstock bark, leaving 20% ​​of the rootstock bark. The thickness of the branch that retains the rootstock bark is 20 to 25% of the thickness of the entire branch, exposing the xylem tissue. The grafting point should be smooth, flat, and small.

[0094] (2) Scion selection and processing

[0095] Select pure varieties, disease-free, annual woody spring shoots with full buds in the middle, upper and outer parts of the crown as scion branches.

[0096] Select a bud on the scion branch, cut the scion branch obliquely at 0.5cm from the front end of the bud, and cut the other end of the scion branch obliquely at 1.6cm from the rear end of the bud to obtain the bud. Cut a 2.5cm long incision on the back of the bud to obtain the scion. When cutting flat, remove 20% of the thickness of the scion branch and retain 80% of the scion branch with wood. The incision should be smooth and small.

[0097] (3) Grafting

[0098] Insert the scion into the grafting port of the cut stock, aligning the cambium of the scion port with the cambium of the grafting port of the stock. When grafting, if the scion is thick and the stock is thin, the excess scion end can be exposed outside the stock when the scion is inserted into the stock; if the scion is thin and the stock is thick, when the scion is inserted into the stock, one side of the scion is close to the other side of the stock to ensure that the cambium is aligned.

[0099] Use 2.5-filament thick polyethylene film to wrap from bottom to top, interlocking each layer tightly to keep it sealed so that the moisture and nutrients of the scion will not be lost after wrapping with the film. Except for the part with buds on the scion which is wrapped with a single layer, the rest should be wrapped with 4 layers.

[0100] Ten scions were grafted onto each rootstock tree.

[0101] (4) Post-grafting management

[0102] Check the survival of the buds and scions 10 days after grafting, and re-graft those that have not survived in time; re-graft in late February of the following spring, and remove the rootstock 2.0cm above the grafting point. 35 days after grafting, the buds on the scion break the membrane, and the buds that have not broken the membrane are artificially broken; every 15 days, the rootstock buds that sprout on the rootstock within 20cm of the grafting point are thinned out; the scion shoots are pinched when they grow to 20cm; the purpose of pinching is to promote branching and make the base grow strong.

[0103] After grafting, the wounds caused by pruning branches and exposed branches should be whitewashed in time to prevent sunburn and frost cracking.

[0104] In the second year of grafting, remove the flower buds on the new shoots of the scion in time.

[0105] Carry out fertilization and other management according to conventional methods.

[0106] Comparative Example 1

[0107] (1) Stock treatment

[0108] At a height of 50-70 cm, remove the leaves and side branches around the crown, and keep the trunk and strong branches as the grafting area for the high-grafted rootstock. Select a flat surface in the grafting area of ​​the high-grafted rootstock, cut a 4-5 cm long and 1.3 cm wide grafting point longitudinally, and remove 75% of the rootstock bark, leaving 25% of the rootstock bark. The thickness of the branch that retains the rootstock bark is 20-25%, exposing the xylem tissue ( Figure 1 ), the grafting interface should be smooth.

[0109] (2) Scion selection and processing

[0110] Select pure variety, disease-free, annual woody pomelo autumn shoots with full buds in the middle, upper and outer parts of the crown as scion branches.

[0111] Select a bud on the scion branch, cut the scion branch obliquely at 1.2 cm from the front end of the bud, and cut the other end of the scion branch obliquely at 2.0 cm from the rear end of the bud to obtain the bud. Make a 3.5 cm long cut on the back of the bud to obtain the scion. When cutting flat, remove 75% of the scion branch thickness and retain 25% of the scion branch with wood ( Figure 4 ), the incision must be smooth and large.

[0112] (3) Grafting

[0113] The grafting method is the same as in Example 1, and the grafting process and the grafted tree are as follows: Figure 6 shown.

[0114] Graft 5 honey pomelo trees, and graft 10 scion grafts on each tree.

[0115] The grafting time is March 7, 2021.

[0116] (4) Post-grafting management

[0117] The administration was carried out according to the method of Example 1.

[0118] Experimental Example 1

[0119] After grafting according to the method of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, the survival rate of the scion, the time of scion sprouting and the growth rate of the scion branch were investigated. The results are as follows: Figures 7 to 9 shown.

[0120] After investigation, the survival rate of the grafted scion using the method of Example 1 was 100%, and the survival rate of the grafted scion using the method of Comparative Example 1 was 85%. The budding time of the grafted scion using Example 1 was 7 days earlier than the budding time of the grafted scion using the grafting method of Comparative Example 1. After using the grafting method of Example 1, the scion branches grew faster, grew stronger, branched faster, and the branches grew evenly and neatly.

[0121] Four months after grafting, the growth parameters of the scion branches of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were compared. The results are shown in Table 1. Fig.10 shown.

[0122] Table 1 Growth of scion branches of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1

[0123]

[0124] Table 1 shows that the growth of the leaves of the scion branches, the length and thickness of the branches obtained by the grafting method of Example 1 are better than those of the grafting method of Comparative Example 1. This shows that the growth rate of the branches grafted in Example 1 is faster, the number of leaves obtained is more, and the growth potential is stronger.

[0125] Four months after grafting, the leaf color and chlorophyll content of the scion branches of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were compared. The results are shown in Tables 2-3.

[0126] Table 2 Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 Scion Branch Leaf Color

[0127] deal with brightness Red Green yellow blue Saturation Color difference index Example 1 36.8±2.0 -13.0±2.1 13.9±2.7 19.0±3.4 -25.8±2.4 Comparative Example 1 46.5±4.2 -17.3±2.2 25.8±4.8 31.1±3.2 -14.78±2.1

[0128] Table 3 Chlorophyll content of leaves of grafted shoots in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1

[0129]

[0130] Tables 2 to 3 show that the color and chlorophyll content of the leaves of the scion branches after grafting using the method of Example 1 are better than those of Comparative Example 1. The leaves of the scion branches after grafting using Example 1 are dark green, have a higher chlorophyll content, and have stronger photosynthesis.

[0131] After grafting using the method of Example 1, the second year of grafting (2022) (the second year) entered the initial fruiting period, and the fourth year of grafting (2024) (the fourth year) entered the high-yield period. After grafting using the method of Comparative Example 1, the third year of grafting (2023) (the third year) entered the initial fruiting period. In 2024, the fruits obtained by the two methods were taken and the quality of the fruits was measured. The test results are shown in Table 4.

[0132] Table 4 Fruit quality after grafting by different methods

[0133]

[0134] Table 4 shows that the fruits obtained by the grafting method of Example 1 have a high edible rate and a high soluble solid content.

[0135] In 2022 and 2024, the fruit yields of the two grafting methods (Example 1 and Comparative Example 1) were statistically obtained. As a result, in 2022, 70% of the grafted trees in Example 1 bloomed and bore fruit, and the yield of a single plant was 10 to 15 jin that year. Only 20% of the grafted trees in Comparative Example 1 bloomed and bore fruit. Since the tree vigor and crown width were not as good as those in Example 1, it was not recommended to keep the fruit trees, so there was no yield. In 2024, the average yield of a single plant in Example 1 was 60 jin / plant, and that in Comparative Example 1 was 44 jin / plant. It can be seen that compared with Comparative Example 1, the method of Example 1 can produce an appropriate amount of fruit one year in advance, and enter the high-yield period one year in advance, and increase production by 36.4% compared with Comparative Example 1.

[0136] Experimental Example 2

[0137] Grafting was performed according to the method of Example 2, 3 trees were grafted, 10 scions were grafted on each tree, and the grafting time was September 30, 2023.

[0138] Using the method of Comparative Example 1, grafting was performed on September 30, 2023, and the remaining steps were performed according to the method of Comparative Example 1.

[0139] There will be two low temperatures in the winter of 2023, the first one is 3-5℃, and the second one is 0-3℃.

[0140] The survival of the scion using the two methods was counted from April to May.

[0141] As a result, the survival rate of the grafted scions using the method of Example 2 was 7 to 8 buds, specifically 70 to 80%; the survival rate of the grafted scions using the method of Comparative Example 1 was 2 to 3 buds, specifically 20 to 30%.

[0142] Experimental Example 3

[0143] The grafting was performed using the method of Example 2, and the grafting time was October 2, 2022 (autumn grafting). Two trees were grafted. The survival rate of the scion after grafting was 100%, with neat hair growth, uniform growth, and many branches. In the second year of grafting (2023) (the first year), it entered the initial fruiting period, the tree recovered quickly, and began to bloom and bear fruit in moderation. The yield per plant was controlled at 5 to 10 jin. In the third year of grafting (2024) (the second year), it could bloom and bear fruit normally, entering the initial fruiting period-high yield period, with a yield of 20 to 40 jin per plant.

[0144] Using the method in comparative example 1, grafting was carried out on October 2, 2022, and the remaining steps were carried out according to the method in comparative example 1. Two trees were grafted. The survival rate of the scion after grafting was 70%, the hair growth was uneven, and the branches were few. In the second year of grafting, it entered the long shoot year, the tree vigor recovered slowly, and the vegetative growth was the main growth. In the third year of grafting (2024) (the second year), a small amount of flowering and fruiting occurred, and it had just entered the initial fruiting period, with a single plant yield of 10 to 25 kilograms.

[0145] As can be seen from the above embodiments, the present invention provides a method for improved budding of citrus. The method for improved budding of citrus of the present invention comprises the following steps: (1) stock treatment (2) scion selection and treatment (3) grafting (4) post-grafting management. According to the method of the present invention, grafting can enter the first fruiting period in the second year, which is one year earlier than the traditional method of entering the first fruiting period in the third year, and the yield and quality of the fruit can be effectively improved within 5 years after grafting.

[0146] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for improving citrus bud grafting, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) Stock treatment: Remove the leaves and side branches around the crown at a height of 50 to 70 cm from the ground, and keep the main trunk and strong branches as the grafting area for the high-grafting stock; Cut the grafting site 3 to 4 cm long and 0.8 to 1.2 cm wide on the branch of the grafting area of ​​the rootstock longitudinally and obliquely, and remove 70 to 80% of the rootstock bark; (2) Scion selection and treatment: Select one-year-old woody treetops with full buds as scion branches; Select a bud on the scion branch, cut the scion branch obliquely 0.5 to 1 cm from the front end of the bud, and cut the other end of the scion branch obliquely 1 to 2 cm from the rear end of the bud to obtain a bud; Make a 2.5-3 cm long cut on the back of the bud where the bud grows to obtain the scion; (3) Grafting: inserting the scion into the grafting port of the stock so that the cambium of the scion cut is aligned with the cambium of the grafting port of the stock; Use polyethylene film to wrap from top to bottom. Except for the bud part of the scion, which is wrapped in a single layer, the rest of the parts are wrapped in 2 to 5 layers independently. (4) Management after grafting: Check the survival of grafts 7 to 10 days after grafting, and regraft those that have not survived in time; 30-40 days after grafting, the buds on the scion break through the membrane, and the buds that have not broken through the membrane are artificially broken; Every 15 to 20 days, remove the rootstock buds that sprout within 15 to 20 cm of the grafting point; When the new shoots of the scion grow to 20-30cm, pinch off the top; Remove the flower buds on the new shoots of the scion in time in the year of grafting or the second year after grafting.

2. The improved bud grafting method for citrus according to claim 1, characterized in that: After the longitudinal beveling in step (1), the thickness of the branch with the rootstock bark remaining is 20% to 25% of the thickness of the entire branch.

3. The improved citrus bud grafting method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The treetops in step (2) are spring or autumn treetops.

4. The improved citrus bud grafting method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The thickness of the flattened part in step (2) is within 20% of the overall thickness of the bud branch.

5. The improved bud grafting method for citrus according to claim 4, characterized in that: The thickness of the polyethylene film in step (3) is 2 to 3 filaments.

6. The improved bud grafting method for citrus according to claim 5, characterized in that: The method for grafting in step (4) is as follows: removing the rootstock 1.8 to 2.2 cm above the grafting point.

7. The improved citrus obtained by the improved citrus bud grafting method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The improved citrus enters the initial fruiting period in the first to second year, and enters the high-yield period in the third to fourth year.

8. Use of the citrus improved bud grafting method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 in improving citrus varieties and shortening the improvement cycle.

9. Use of the improved citrus bud grafting method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 in cultivating improved citrus varieties with strong stress resistance and high survival rate.

10. Use of the improved citrus bud grafting method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 in increasing citrus yield.

Images