Drought resisting method for cotton

Abstract

The invention discloses a drought resisting method for cotton. The method comprises the following steps: S1, selecting a cotton variety with relatively high drought resistance in a planting area; s2, performing optimization management in the aspect of cotton cultivation technology; s3, performing active irrigation by adopting an efficient and water-saving irrigation mode; s4, performing ridging and fertilization management on the cotton in the growing process; s5, comprehensive drought resistance management is carried out through an auxiliary means, different modes of treatment are achieved in the cotton seed selection process, the deep ploughing treatment process of cotton planting, the irrigation and water supplementing process, the ploughing and ridging process of growing cotton, the fertilization process and the pruning and sunshade treatment process, and through different treatment measures in multiple aspects, the drought resistance of the growing cotton is improved. The drought resistance of the cotton is integrally improved, the problems that the drought resistance mode of the cotton is single, and harvesting is affected are solved, meanwhile, drought resistance treatment is conducted on the cotton through more convenient measures, and normal growth and harvest of the cotton are effectively guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of crop planting, in particular to a method for resisting drought in cotton. Background Art

[0002] Cotton is relatively drought-resistant, but cannot withstand drought. Water is the material basis for the growth and development of cotton, and it is also the component with the highest content in cotton. According to research, the production of 100 kg / mu of lint cotton requires about 450 cubic meters of water. Cotton is divided into the seedling stage, bud stage, boll stage, and boll stage in its life cycle. Due to different growth stages, the water requirement is also different. From sowing to seedling stage, the soil water holding capacity should be 70%. Too little water will cause the seeds to dry out and affect germination, while too much water will cause the seeds to rot and the seedling disease to be serious. The soil water holding capacity should be 60-70% during the bud stage, 70-80% during the flower and boll stage. Too little water will cause poor growth of cotton and premature aging, while too much water will cause excessive growth and cause buds and bolls to fall off. The soil water holding capacity should be 55-60% during the boll opening stage. It should not be too much or too little, so as to facilitate cotton boll opening and improve quality. Drought is a restrictive factor affecting cotton production. It is difficult to catch seedlings in spring drought and difficult to protect peaches in summer drought. Therefore, how to do a good job in drought resistance and water conservation has become an important technical measure for whether cotton can have a high yield and increase income.

[0003] However, in the current drought resistance process of cotton planting, drought resistance is only carried out through a single water supplement method, which consumes huge water resources in the cotton planting process and has a low drought resistance effect. It is impossible to improve the drought resistance of cotton from the perspective of comprehensive drought resistance, so that the yield of a single cotton plant does not meet the standard, affecting cotton production. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention provides a method for resisting drought in cotton, which can effectively solve the problem proposed in the above background technology that, in the current drought resistance process of cotton planting, drought resistance is only carried out by a single water supplement method, so that the consumption of water resources in the cotton planting process is huge, and the drought resistance effect is low, and the drought resistance ability of cotton cannot be improved from the perspective of comprehensive drought resistance, so that the yield of a single cotton plant does not meet the standard, affecting the cotton yield.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for drought resistance of cotton, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1. Select cotton varieties with strong drought resistance in the planting area;

[0007] S2. Optimize management in cotton cultivation technology;

[0008] S3. Use efficient and water-saving irrigation methods for active irrigation;

[0009] S4. Carry out soil cultivation and fertilization management on the growing cotton;

[0010] S5. Carry out comprehensive drought management through auxiliary means.

[0011] According to the above technical solution, in S1, when selecting cotton varieties, cotton varieties with strong drought resistance should be selected according to the planting area. By selecting cotton varieties with strong drought resistance, the drought resistance of cotton can be directly and effectively improved. At the same time, before selecting cotton seeds, it is also necessary to screen out seeds with high drought resistance through experimental screening;

[0012] When choosing cotton varieties, you must also ensure that the selected cotton varieties have developed root systems and smaller leaves. The developed root systems of cotton varieties can effectively penetrate deep into the soil layer, allowing the cotton to absorb more groundwater resources during droughts, thereby increasing the cotton roots' absorption of water. The flat, smaller leaves of cotton can reduce the transpiration of the cotton leaves and reduce water loss.

[0013] According to the above technical solution, in S2, the optimization management of cotton cultivation technology mainly includes deep tillage of the soil, reasonable control of cotton planting density, and cultivation in a covering and water conservation manner;

[0014] Deep tillage is the process of deep tillage of the soil in the cotton-growing area. Through deep tillage, the soil is kept soft and loose, which is convenient for the sinking and storage of rainwater, and the water storage capacity of the soil is increased. In the process of cotton growth, the sinking rainwater is used to replenish water for cotton in the dry season.

[0015] According to the above technical scheme, reasonable control of cotton planting density is to regulate the density of cotton planting, which needs to be determined according to the drought resistance of the cotton varieties planted and the soil moisture content of the planting area. By regulating the planting density, the competition for water between cottons can be reduced, and the overall growth effect of cotton can be improved. At the same time, density control can also improve the ventilation and light transmission effect of the cotton planting field, so as to avoid excessive evaporation of water.

[0016] When the cotton variety itself has strong drought resistance and the soil moisture content in the planting area is high, the cotton planting density can be increased. When the cotton variety itself has low drought resistance and the soil moisture content in the planting area is low, the cotton planting density needs to be reduced.

[0017] According to the above technical scheme, cultivation by covering and retaining water means covering the areas on both sides of the cotton planting area with wheat straw, corn straw and leaves, controlling the covering thickness to 6-12CM, ensuring that the covered agricultural waste will not affect the normal growth of cotton, and blocking the sunlight by covering the agricultural waste to reduce soil moisture evaporation, maintain soil moisture, and avoid drought at the roots of cotton. In addition, the agricultural waste can also be used for fertilization after rotting, thereby improving the looseness of the soil and improving the soil's ability to retain water for cotton.

[0018] According to the above technical solution, in S3, when irrigating the growing cotton, the irrigation is mainly carried out by drip irrigation, and the drip irrigation dripper is used to slowly drip water into the soil near the roots of the cotton. By directly replenishing water into the absorption area of ​​the cotton root system, precise irrigation is achieved, the evaporation of the replenished water in the field is reduced, and the water replenishment effect of the cotton is improved;

[0019] When irrigating cotton, targeted irrigation treatment is required according to the growth stage of the cotton and the dryness and wetness of the soil. Specifically, during the seedling, bud and boll stages of the cotton growth, irrigation treatment with different water replenishment amounts is carried out at each stage according to the different water content required by the cotton.

[0020] According to the above technical solution, in S3, the cotton needs to be actively irrigated during the irrigation process. The soil moisture is monitored by installing a soil moisture sensor in the soil of the cotton planting area. When the soil moisture meets the irrigation threshold, the drip irrigation equipment is started by the soil moisture sensor to realize the active determination of the irrigation time. The thresholds for irrigation settings are different in different growth stages of the cotton, and the irrigation volume of the drip irrigation equipment will also be different.

[0021] According to the above technical solution, S4 specifically includes soil management for the cotton in the growing process and fertilization management for the cotton in the growing process;

[0022] When the cotton is being cultivated during its growth, it means that the cotton roots are cultivated by a small tiller during the growth period to cut off the soil capillaries around the cotton roots and reduce the evaporation of soil moisture. The tillage depth is controlled at 5-10 cm, and the cotton roots are cultivated in time to form a soil mound in the cotton root area, so as to promote the growth of cotton roots, increase the rooting depth of cotton roots, enable cotton roots to better absorb moisture in the deep soil, and enhance the drought resistance of cotton.

[0023] When fertilizing cotton during its growth process, the fertilizer can be dissolved in a fertilizer tank and applied to the soil through a drip irrigation system to improve the fertility of the cotton-growing soil and the drought resistance of the cotton. During the fertilization process, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers need to be selected. The application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers can effectively promote the growth of cotton roots and improve the active water absorption capacity of cotton roots. At the same time, fertilizer supplementation is also required according to the growth of the cotton plants.

[0024] According to the above technical solution, in S5, when performing comprehensive drought resistance management, it specifically includes pruning management and shading management;

[0025] The pruning management refers to regularly pruning the branches of cotton plants to reduce the overall volume of cotton plants, thereby reducing the water consumption of cotton, reducing the cotton plant's demand for water, and further ensuring its drought resistance;

[0026] The shading management refers to preventing direct sunlight from shining on cotton plants by means of shading. The degree of cotton plants' exposure to sunlight can be reduced by building a shading net, thereby reducing water evaporation from the cotton plants.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0028] 1. By selecting cotton varieties with strong drought resistance, the drought resistance of cotton can be directly and effectively improved. Through experimental screening, seeds with high drought resistance can be selected to ensure that the subsequently planted cotton has high drought resistance. Cotton varieties with developed root systems and smaller leaves are selected so that the roots of cotton can effectively penetrate the soil layer and absorb more groundwater resources, thereby improving the water absorption effect of cotton roots. At the same time, the smaller leaves of cotton can reduce the transpiration of cotton leaves and reduce water loss, thus achieving a certain drought resistance in cotton itself in terms of seed selection.

[0029] 2. By deep plowing the soil where cotton is planted, the soil can be kept soft and loose, which is convenient for the sinking and storage of rainwater. During the cotton growth process, the sinking rainwater can be used to replenish water for cotton in the dry season. By regulating the density of cotton planting, the competition for water between cotton plants can be effectively reduced. The ventilation and light transmission effects in the cotton planting fields can also be improved, and the overall growth effect of cotton can be enhanced. At the same time, cultivation in a covering and water-retaining manner can effectively block sunlight in the cotton planting area, reduce soil moisture evaporation, and maintain soil moisture. Agricultural waste can also be fertilized after decay, which improves the looseness of the soil and further improves the soil's ability to retain water for cotton.

[0030] 3. Irrigation by drip irrigation can directly replenish water to the absorption area of ​​the cotton root system, achieve precise irrigation, reduce the evaporation of replenished water in the field, improve the water replenishment effect of cotton, and carry out targeted irrigation treatment according to the growth stage of cotton and soil dryness and wetness. It is convenient to carry out irrigation treatment with different water replenishment amounts according to the different water content required for cotton at different growth stages. At the same time, through active irrigation treatment of cotton, it is convenient to actively replenish water as soon as the soil is dry to avoid water loss affecting the normal growth of cotton.

[0031] 4. By tilling and soiling the growing cotton, the soil capillaries around the cotton roots can be effectively cut off to reduce soil moisture evaporation. At the same time, by soiling the cotton roots, the soil in the cotton root area can be mounded to promote the growth of the cotton roots and increase the depth of the cotton roots. The cotton roots can better absorb moisture from the deep soil and enhance the drought resistance of the cotton. The fertilizer can be dissolved in the fertilizer tank and applied to the soil through the drip irrigation system to improve the fertility of the cotton planting soil and the drought resistance of the cotton.

[0032] 5. By pruning the branches of cotton plants, the overall volume of cotton plants can be reduced, the water consumption of cotton can be reduced, and the demand for water of cotton can be reduced. In addition, by building a sunshade net, the cotton plants' acceptance of sunlight can be reduced, thereby further reducing the evaporation of water in cotton plants and improving their ability to cope with drought.

[0033] To sum up, different treatment methods have been achieved in the cotton seed selection process, deep plowing process of cotton planting, irrigation and water replenishment process, tillage and soiling process of growing cotton, fertilization process, pruning and shading process, and various treatment measures have been adopted to improve the drought resistance of cotton as a whole, solving the problem of single drought resistance method of cotton affecting the harvest. At the same time, cotton is treated for drought resistance through multiple convenient measures to effectively ensure its normal growth and harvest. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] The accompanying drawings are used to provide further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. They are used to explain the present invention together with the embodiments of the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention.

[0035] In the attached picture:

[0036] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the steps of the cotton drought resistance method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0038] Example: Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a technical solution, a method for resisting drought in cotton, comprising the following steps:

[0039] S1. Select cotton varieties with strong drought resistance in the planting area;

[0040] S2. Optimize management in cotton cultivation technology;

[0041] S3. Use efficient and water-saving irrigation methods for active irrigation;

[0042] S4. Carry out soil cultivation and fertilization management on the growing cotton;

[0043] S5. Carry out comprehensive drought management through auxiliary means.

[0044] Based on the above technical solution, in S1, when selecting cotton varieties, cotton varieties with strong drought resistance should be selected according to the planting area. By selecting cotton varieties with strong drought resistance, the drought resistance of cotton can be directly and effectively improved. At the same time, before selecting cotton seeds, it is necessary to screen out seeds with high drought resistance through experimental screening;

[0045] When choosing cotton varieties, you must also ensure that the selected cotton varieties have developed root systems and smaller leaves. The developed root systems of cotton varieties can effectively penetrate deep into the soil layer, allowing the cotton to absorb more groundwater resources during droughts, thereby increasing the cotton roots' absorption of water. The flat, smaller leaves of cotton can reduce the transpiration of the cotton leaves and reduce water loss.

[0046] Based on the above technical solution, in S2, the optimization management of cotton cultivation technology mainly includes deep tillage of the soil, reasonable control of cotton planting density, and cultivation in a covering and water conservation manner;

[0047] Deep tillage is the process of deep tillage of the soil in the cotton-growing area. Through deep tillage, the soil is kept soft and loose, which is convenient for the sinking and storage of rainwater, and the water storage capacity of the soil is increased. In the process of cotton growth, the sinking rainwater is used to replenish water for cotton in the dry season.

[0048] Based on the above technical solution, reasonable control of cotton planting density is to regulate the density of cotton planting, which needs to be determined according to the drought resistance of the cotton varieties planted and the soil moisture content of the planting area. By regulating the planting density, the competition for water between cottons can be reduced, and the overall growth effect of cotton can be improved. At the same time, density control can also improve the ventilation and light transmission effect of the cotton planting field, so as to avoid excessive evaporation of water.

[0049] When the cotton variety itself has strong drought resistance and the soil moisture content in the planting area is high, the cotton planting density can be increased. When the cotton variety itself has low drought resistance and the soil moisture content in the planting area is low, the cotton planting density needs to be reduced.

[0050] Based on the above technical scheme, cultivation by covering and retaining water means covering the areas on both sides of the cotton planting area with wheat straw, corn straw and leaves, controlling the covering thickness to 8CM, ensuring that the covered agricultural waste will not affect the normal growth of cotton, and blocking the sunlight by covering the agricultural waste, reducing the evaporation of soil moisture, maintaining soil moisture, and avoiding drought at the roots of cotton. In addition, the agricultural waste can also be used for fertilization after rotting, thereby improving the looseness of the soil and improving the soil's ability to retain water for cotton.

[0051] Based on the above technical solution, in S3, when irrigating the growing cotton, the irrigation is mainly carried out by drip irrigation, and the drip irrigation dripper is used to slowly drip water into the soil near the roots of the cotton. By directly replenishing water into the absorption area of ​​the cotton root system, precise irrigation is achieved, the evaporation of the replenished water in the field is reduced, and the water replenishment effect of the cotton is improved;

[0052] When irrigating cotton, targeted irrigation treatment is required according to the growth stage of the cotton and the dryness and wetness of the soil. Specifically, during the seedling, bud and boll stages of the cotton growth, irrigation treatment with different water replenishment amounts is carried out at each stage according to the different water content required by the cotton.

[0053] Based on the above technical solution, in S3, the cotton needs to be actively irrigated during irrigation. The soil moisture is monitored by installing a soil moisture sensor in the soil of the cotton planting area. When the soil moisture meets the irrigation threshold, the drip irrigation equipment is started through the soil moisture sensor to realize active determination of the irrigation time. The thresholds for irrigation settings are different in different growth stages of the cotton, and the irrigation volume of the drip irrigation equipment will also be different.

[0054] Based on the above technical solution, S4 specifically includes soil management for the cotton in the growing process and fertilization management for the cotton in the growing process;

[0055] When the cotton is being cultivated during its growth, it means that the cotton roots are cultivated with a small tiller during the growth period to cut off the soil capillaries around the cotton roots and reduce the evaporation of soil moisture. The tillage depth is controlled at 7 cm, and the cotton roots are cultivated in time to form a soil mound in the cotton root area, so as to promote the growth of cotton roots, increase the rooting depth of cotton roots, enable cotton roots to better absorb moisture in the deep soil, and enhance the drought resistance of cotton.

[0056] When fertilizing cotton during its growth process, the fertilizer can be dissolved in a fertilizer tank and applied to the soil through a drip irrigation system to improve the fertility of the cotton-growing soil and the drought resistance of the cotton. During the fertilization process, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers need to be selected. The application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers can effectively promote the growth of cotton roots and improve the active water absorption capacity of cotton roots. At the same time, fertilizer supplementation is also required according to the growth of the cotton plants.

[0057] Based on the above technical solution, in S5, when conducting comprehensive drought resistance management, it specifically includes pruning management and shading management;

[0058] Pruning management refers to regularly pruning the branches of cotton plants to reduce the overall volume of cotton plants, thereby reducing the water consumption of cotton and the demand for water of cotton plants, further ensuring their drought resistance;

[0059] Sunshade management refers to preventing direct sunlight from reaching cotton plants by means of shading. By building a sunshade net, the cotton plants' exposure to sunlight can be reduced, thereby reducing water evaporation from the cotton plants.

[0060] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred example of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or replace some of the technical features therein by equivalents. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for drought resistance of cotton, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Select cotton varieties with strong drought resistance in the planting area; S2. Optimize management in cotton cultivation technology; S3. Use efficient and water-saving irrigation methods for active irrigation; S4. Carry out soil cultivation and fertilization management on the growing cotton; S5. Carry out comprehensive drought management through auxiliary means.

2. A method for drought resistance of cotton according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, when selecting cotton varieties, cotton varieties with strong drought resistance should be selected according to the planting area. By selecting cotton varieties with strong drought resistance, it is also necessary to screen out seeds with high drought resistance through experimental screening before selecting cotton seeds; When selecting cotton varieties, choose cotton varieties with developed root systems and small leaves. The developed root systems of cotton varieties can effectively penetrate deep into the soil layer, allowing cotton to absorb more groundwater resources during droughts, while the flat small leaves of cotton can reduce the transpiration of the cotton leaves.

3. A method for drought resistance of cotton according to claim 1, characterized in that: In said S2, the optimization management of cotton cultivation technology mainly includes deep tillage of the soil, reasonable control of cotton planting density, and cultivation in a covering and water conservation manner; Deep tillage is the process of deep tillage of the soil in the cotton-growing area. Through deep tillage, the soil is kept soft and loose, and the soil's water storage capacity is increased. During the cotton growth process, the sinking rainwater is used to replenish water for the cotton in the dry season.

4. A method for drought resistance of cotton according to claim 3, characterized in that: Reasonable control of cotton planting density is to regulate the density of cotton planting. It needs to be determined according to the drought resistance of the cotton varieties planted and the soil moisture content of the planting area. By regulating the planting density, the competition for water between cottons can be reduced and the overall growth effect of cotton can be improved. At the same time, density control can also improve the ventilation and light transmission effect of the cotton planting field. When the cotton variety itself has strong drought resistance and the soil moisture content in the planting area is high, the cotton planting density is increased, and when the cotton variety itself has low drought resistance and the soil moisture content in the planting area is low, the cotton planting density is reduced.

5. A method for drought resistance of cotton according to claim 3, characterized in that: Cultivation by covering and retaining water means covering the areas on both sides of the cotton planting area with wheat straw, corn straw and leaves, controlling the covering thickness to 6-12CM, and blocking the sunlight and retaining soil moisture by covering agricultural waste. The agricultural waste can also increase fertilizer after rotting and improve the looseness of the soil.

6. A method for drought resistance of cotton according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S3, when irrigating the growing cotton, the irrigation is performed by drip irrigation, and the drip irrigation dripper is used to slowly drip water into the soil near the roots of the cotton, and the water is directly added to the absorption area of ​​the cotton root system to achieve precise irrigation; When irrigating cotton, targeted irrigation treatment is required according to the growth stage of the cotton and the dryness and wetness of the soil. During the seedling, bud and boll stages of cotton, irrigation treatment with different water replenishment amounts is carried out at each stage according to the different water content required by cotton.

7. A method for drought resistance of cotton according to claim 6, characterized in that: In S3, the cotton needs to be actively irrigated during the irrigation process. The soil moisture is monitored by installing a soil moisture sensor in the soil of the cotton planting area. When the soil moisture meets the irrigation threshold, the drip irrigation equipment is started by the soil moisture sensor to realize the active determination of the irrigation time. The thresholds set for irrigation are different in different growth stages of the cotton, and the irrigation amount of the drip irrigation equipment will also be different.

8. A method for drought resistance of cotton according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S4 specifically includes performing soil cultivation management on the cotton during the growth process and performing fertilization management on the cotton during the growth process; When the cotton is being cultivated during its growth, it means that the cotton roots are cultivated with a small tiller during the growth period to cut off the soil capillaries around the cotton roots. The tillage depth is controlled at 5-10 cm, and the cotton roots are cultivated in time to form a soil mound in the cotton root area, so as to promote the growth of the cotton roots, increase the rooting depth of the cotton roots, and enable the cotton roots to better absorb moisture in the deep soil. When fertilizing cotton during its growth process, the fertilizer can be dissolved in a fertilizer tank and applied to the soil through a drip irrigation system. During the fertilization process, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers need to be selected. The application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers can effectively promote the growth of cotton roots. At the same time, fertilizer supplementation is also required according to the growth of the cotton plants.

9. A method for drought resistance of cotton according to claim 1, characterized in that: In said S5, when carrying out comprehensive drought resistance management, specifically including pruning management and shading management; The pruning management refers to regularly pruning the branches of cotton plants to reduce the overall volume of cotton plants, thereby reducing the water consumption of cotton; The shading management refers to preventing direct sunlight from shining on cotton plants by means of shading, and reducing the cotton plants' exposure to sunlight by building shading nets, thereby reducing water evaporation from the cotton plants.

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