Laminated glass and vehicle

Abstract

The invention provides laminated glass and a vehicle. The laminated glass comprises a first glass plate, a bonding layer, a second glass plate and a low-transmittance heat insulation layer, the low-transmittance heat insulation layer comprises at least one absorption function layer, the visible light transmittance TL1 of the laminated glass is smaller than or equal to 15%, the total solar transmittance TTS of the laminated glass is smaller than or equal to 20%, and the radiance e of the laminated glass measured from one side of the low-transmittance heat insulation layer is smaller than or equal to 0.5. According to the laminated glass, the low-transmittance heat insulation layer is arranged, so that the laminated glass has lower visible light transmittance TL1 and lower radiance e, and a deep colored PVB (Polyvinyl Butyral) membrane in the related technology can be omitted, so that the laminated glass has the effects of low cost, simplicity in manufacturing and production and privacy protection; according to the laminated glass provided by the utility model, the laminated glass is matched with the infrared reflecting layer for use, so that the laminated glass has lower total solar transmittance TTS, the laminated glass can better block heat, the arrangement of a sunshade curtain in a vehicle is omitted, and a larger height space in the vehicle is obtained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of glass technology, and in particular relates to laminated glass and vehicles. Background Art

[0002] As the market demand for new energy vehicles grows, people are gradually increasing their requirements for car window glass in order to better demonstrate intelligence and functionality in the automotive field. In vehicles, in order to meet the privacy and shading requirements of car window glass, dark tinted PVB films and / or dark tinted glass are often used to absorb visible light to reduce transmittance. However, the cost of PVB films is relatively high, resulting in higher vehicle costs.

[0003] In addition, since the chassis of new energy vehicles is equipped with power battery components, the height space inside the vehicle is reduced, so the sunshade is omitted in the relevant technology to obtain a larger interior height space. However, this allows the sun's heat outside the vehicle to enter the vehicle through the window glass, greatly reducing the riding comfort and the user experience. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, the first aspect of the present application provides a laminated glass, the laminated glass comprising a first glass plate, an adhesive layer, a second glass plate and a low-transmittance heat-insulating layer, the first glass plate having a first surface and a second surface, the second glass plate having a third surface and a fourth surface, the adhesive layer connecting the second surface and the third surface, and the low-transmittance heat-insulating layer being arranged on the fourth surface;

[0005] Among them, the low-transmittance heat-insulating layer includes at least one absorption functional layer, the visible light transmittance TL1 of the laminated glass is ≤15%, the total solar energy transmittance TTS of the laminated glass is ≤20%, and the emissivity e of the laminated glass measured from one side of the low-transmittance heat-insulating layer is ≤0.5.

[0006] Wherein, the visible light transmittance TL1 of the laminated glass is ≤10%, or ≤8%, or ≤5%, or ≤3%, or ≤1%.

[0007] Wherein, the total solar transmittance TTS of the laminated glass is ≤18%, or ≤15%, or ≤13%, or ≤10%.

[0008] Wherein, the emissivity e of the laminated glass is 0.36≤e<0.5, or 0.40≤e≤0.48.

[0009] Wherein, the emissivity e of the laminated glass is 0.15≤e≤0.35, or 0.2≤e≤0.3.

[0010] Wherein, the in-vehicle visible light reflectivity RL4 of the laminated glass measured from the side of the low-transmittance heat-insulating layer is ≤5%, or ≤3%, or ≤2%, or ≤1%.

[0011] Wherein, the vehicle exterior visible light reflectivity RL1 of the laminated glass measured from the first surface is ≤17%, or ≤15%, or ≤13%, or ≤10%.

[0012] Among them, the low-transmittance thermal insulation layer does not include a transparent conductive oxide layer, and the material of the transparent conductive oxide layer is ITO (indium tin oxide), FTO (fluorine-doped tin oxide), YZO (yttrium-doped zinc oxide), HAZO (hafnium and aluminum-doped zinc oxide), WAZO (tungsten and aluminum-doped zinc oxide) or GZO (gallium-doped zinc oxide).

[0013] The second glass plate has a visible light transmittance TL2, and the second glass plate provided with the low-transmittance heat-insulating layer has a visible light transmittance TL3, TL2≥70%, TL3≤15%.

[0014] Among them, TL2≥80% or TL2≥90%, TL3≤10%.

[0015] Among them, the low-permeability thermal insulation layer includes at least two first dielectric layers and at least two absorption functional layers stacked in layers, each of the absorption functional layers is located between two adjacent first dielectric layers, and the material of the absorption functional layer is selected from a single substance or alloy or oxide, nitride, or nitrogen oxide of at least one element among Si, Ni, Cr, Al, Ti, Nb, Mo, Sn, Zn, Zr, and Mg.

[0016] Wherein, the low-transmittance heat-insulating layer further includes an outermost low-refractive-index layer, the outermost low-refractive-index layer is arranged farthest from the fourth surface, and the refractive index of the outermost low-refractive-index layer is less than or equal to 1.7.

[0017] Wherein, the physical thickness of the outermost low refractive index layer is ≥20nm, or ≥40nm, or ≥60nm.

[0018] Wherein, the physical thickness of the low-transmittance heat-insulating layer is 150nm-500nm, or 200nm-400nm, or 220nm-300nm.

[0019] Wherein, the total physical thickness of the absorption functional layer is 15nm to 100nm, or 18nm to 80nm, or 20nm to 60nm.

[0020] Among them, the laminated glass also includes an infrared reflection layer, which is arranged between the first glass plate and the bonding layer. The infrared reflection layer includes at least two stacked metal functional layers, and the material of the metal functional layer is selected from metals or alloys of at least one element of Ag, Au, Cu, Al, and Pt.

[0021] Wherein, the total physical thickness of the metal functional layer is 10nm to 50nm; the physical thickness of the infrared reflection layer is 70nm to 500nm.

[0022] Wherein, the ratio of the total physical thickness of the metal functional layer to the total physical thickness of the absorption functional layer is 0.5 to 1.6, or 0.8 to 1.5, or 0.9 to 1.3.

[0023] Wherein, the laminated glass satisfies at least one of the following conditions:

[0024] (1) The visible light transmittance of the first glass plate is TL4 ≥ 70%, or TL4 ≥ 80%, or TL4 ≥ 90%;

[0025] (2) The first glass plate is transparent glass or extra-transparent glass;

[0026] (3) The second glass plate is transparent glass, extra-transparent glass or lightly tinted glass;

[0027] (4) The visible light transmittance of the adhesive layer is TL5 ≥ 70%, or TL5 ≥ 80%, or TL5 ≥ 85%;

[0028] (5) The adhesive layer is a transparent thermoplastic polymer film or a lightly colored thermoplastic polymer film.

[0029] A second aspect of the present application provides a vehicle, comprising a vehicle body, and the laminated glass provided in the first aspect of the present application, wherein the laminated glass is mounted on the vehicle body.

[0030] The laminated glass and vehicle provided by the present application have a low visible light transmittance TL1 and a low emissivity e by setting a low-transmittance heat-insulating layer, and the dark-tinted PVB film in the related art can be omitted, so that the laminated glass has the effects of low cost, simple manufacturing and production, and privacy protection. And when used together with the infrared reflective layer, the laminated glass has a lower total solar transmittance TTS, so that the laminated glass can better block heat, and the setting of the sunshade in the vehicle is omitted, thereby obtaining a larger height space inside the vehicle and improving the user experience. In addition, the laminated glass has a low visible light reflectivity RL4 in the vehicle. When the low-transmittance heat-insulating layer is set facing the interior of the vehicle, the reflection phenomenon in the vehicle can be reduced, avoiding visual interference to passengers, especially rear passengers, and improving the visual comfort inside the vehicle. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the implementation modes of the present application, the drawings required for use in the implementation modes of the present application will be described below.

[0032] Figure 1A schematic diagram of the structure of a laminated glass provided in one embodiment of the present application.

[0033] Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of a laminated glass provided in another embodiment of the present application.

[0034] Figure 3 A schematic structural diagram of laminated glass provided in yet another embodiment of the present application.

[0035] Figure 4 A schematic structural diagram of a second glass plate and a low-transmittance thermal insulation layer provided in one embodiment of the present application.

[0036] Figure 5 A schematic structural diagram of a second glass plate and a low-transmittance thermal insulation layer provided in another embodiment of the present application.

[0037] Figure 6 This is a schematic structural diagram of a second glass plate and a low-transmittance thermal insulation layer provided in yet another embodiment of the present application.

[0038] Explanation of reference numerals: laminated glass 1, first glass plate 11, first surface 111, second surface 112, adhesive layer 12, second glass plate 13, third surface 131, fourth surface 132, low-transmittance heat-insulating layer 20, first dielectric layer 21, absorption functional layer 22, outermost low refractive index layer 23, infrared reflection layer 30, dimming film 40. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The following are preferred implementations of the present application. It should be noted that, for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present application, and these improvements and modifications are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0040] Unless otherwise specified or there is a contradiction, the terms and phrases used in this application have the following meanings:

[0041] In this application, "first", "second", etc. are used only for descriptive purposes and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features.

[0042] In this application, "one or several" refers to any one, any two or more of the listed items. Among them, "several" refers to any two or more of the listed items.

[0043] The value of x in the chemical formula: if it is clearly defined, it shall be within the defined range. If it is not clearly defined, it can be determined based on the deposition in a stoichiometric, substoichiometric or superstoichiometric manner in the magnetron sputtering process.

[0044] Refractive Index: The refractive index measured at a wavelength of 550 nm.

[0045] In view of this, in order to solve the above problems, please refer to Figure 1-Figure 6 The present application provides a laminated glass 1, which includes a first glass plate 11, an adhesive layer 12, a second glass plate 13 and a low-transmittance thermal insulation layer 20, wherein the first glass plate 11 has a first surface 111 and a second surface 112, the second glass plate 13 has a third surface 131 and a fourth surface 132, the adhesive layer 12 connects the second surface 112 and the third surface 131, and the low-transmittance thermal insulation layer 20 is arranged on the fourth surface 132.

[0046] Among them, the low-transmittance thermal insulation layer 20 includes at least one absorption functional layer 22, and the absorption functional layer 22 has the functions of reducing the visible light transmittance TL1 of the laminated glass 1, reducing the total solar energy transmittance TTS of the laminated glass 1, reducing the emissivity e of the laminated glass 1, and adjusting the appearance color of the laminated glass 1, so that the visible light transmittance TL1 of the laminated glass 1 is ≤15%, the total solar energy transmittance TTS of the laminated glass 1 is ≤20%, and the emissivity e of the laminated glass 1 measured from the side of the low-transmittance thermal insulation layer is ≤0.5, thereby improving the thermal comfort and visual comfort inside the vehicle.

[0047] Specifically, the first glass plate 11 serves as the outer glass plate of the laminated glass 1, and the first glass plate 11 has a first surface 111 and a second surface 112, the first surface 111 is away from the bonding layer 12 and is in contact with the outside environment of the vehicle, and the second surface 112 is close to the bonding layer 12; the second glass plate 13 serves as the inner glass plate of the laminated glass 1, and the second glass plate 13 has a third surface 131 and a fourth surface 132, the third surface 131 is close to the bonding layer 12, and the fourth surface 132 is away from the bonding layer 12 and close to the inside environment of the vehicle; the bonding layer 12 connects the second surface 112 and the third surface 131, and the low-transmittance thermal insulation layer 20 is arranged on the fourth surface 132.

[0048] The thickness of the first glass plate 11 is 0.7 mm to 4.0 mm, and the visible light transmittance TL4 of the first glass plate 11 is ≥70%, or ≥80%, or ≥90%; the first glass plate 11 is transparent glass or ultra-transparent glass (ultra-white glass). The total iron content (in terms of Fe2O3) of the transparent glass (standard white glass) is less than or equal to 0.1%, or even less than or equal to 0.05%, and the visible light transmittance of the transparent glass is 80% to 95%. The total iron content (in terms of Fe2O3) of the ultra-transparent glass (ultra-white glass) is less than or equal to 0.015%, or even less than or equal to 0.01%, or even less than or equal to 50 PPM, and the visible light transmittance of the ultra-transparent glass is 90% to 95%. For example, the outer glass plate can be a transparent glass with a thickness of 2.1 mm and a visible light transmittance of 89%. The thickness of the outer glass plate is preferably 1.6 mm to 3.5 mm. The present application uses transparent glass or extra-transparent glass as the first glass plate 11, which is beneficial to reducing the cost of the laminated glass 1 and can reduce the absorption of infrared rays when used in conjunction with the infrared reflection layer 30, and can maximize the infrared reflection function of the infrared reflection layer 30, which is beneficial to improving the thermal insulation performance of the laminated glass 1.

[0049] The bonding layer 12 may be a transparent thermoplastic polymer film or a lightly colored thermoplastic polymer film, and the thickness of the bonding layer 12 is 0.38 mm to 2.28 mm. For example, the thickness of the bonding layer 12 may be, but is not limited to, 0.38 mm, 0.76 mm, 1.14 mm, 1.52 mm, 1.9 mm, 2.28 mm, or other values ​​between 0.38 mm and 2.28 mm. The material of the thermoplastic polymer film may be selected from at least one of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), polyurethane (PU), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) and ionomer (SGP).

[0050] Optionally, the visible light transmittance TL5 of the bonding layer 12 is ≥70%, or ≥80%, or ≥85%. When the bonding layer 12 is a transparent thermoplastic polymer, the visible light transmittance of the transparent thermoplastic polymer is greater than or equal to 85%. For example, the visible light transmittance of the bonding layer 12 may be, but is not limited to, 85%, 90%, or 95%.

[0051] In the related art, the bonding layer 12 uses a dark colored thermoplastic polymer film, and the visible light transmittance of the dark colored thermoplastic polymer film is ≤44%, such as a gray PVB with a visible light transmittance of 28%, a gray PVB with a visible light transmittance of 12%, a gray PVB with a visible light transmittance of 8%, a gray PVB with a visible light transmittance of 5%, a gray PVB with a visible light transmittance of 2%, etc. Alternatively, the present application can use a light colored thermoplastic polymer film, and the visible light transmittance of the light colored thermoplastic polymer film is ≥70%, or ≥80%. When the bonding layer 12 is a light colored thermoplastic polymer film, the visible light transmittance of the light colored thermoplastic polymer film is greater than or equal to 70%. For example, the visible light transmittance of the bonding layer 12 can be, but is not limited to, 70%, 75%, 80%, or 85%, or 90%, etc. The light colored thermoplastic polymer film can be a light gray thermoplastic polymer film, a light green thermoplastic polymer film, or a light blue thermoplastic polymer film.

[0052] Optionally, the adhesive layer 12 may be a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure, and the multi-layer structure may be exemplified by a double-layer structure, a three-layer structure, a four-layer structure, a five-layer structure, etc. The adhesive layer 12 may also have other functions, such as adding an infrared absorber to provide sunscreen or heat insulation functions, or adding an ultraviolet absorber to provide ultraviolet shielding functions, or at least one layer of the multi-layer structure may have a higher plasticizer content to provide sound insulation functions.

[0053] The thickness of the second glass plate 13 is 0.7 mm to 3.5 mm, and the visible light transmittance TL2 of the second glass plate 13 is ≥70%, or ≥80%, or ≥85%, or ≥90%. The second glass plate 13 is transparent glass, extra-transparent glass or lightly tinted glass; the total iron content (in terms of Fe2O3) of the transparent glass (standard white glass) is less than or equal to 0.1%, or even less than or equal to 0.05%, and the visible light transmittance of the transparent glass is 80% to 95%. The total iron content (in terms of Fe2O3) of the extra-transparent glass (extra-white glass) is less than or equal to 0.015%, or even less than or equal to 0.01%, or even less than or equal to 50 PPM, and the visible light transmittance of the extra-transparent glass is 90% to 95%.

[0054] Optionally, the second glass plate 13 may also be dark tinted glass having a visible light transmittance of ≤60%, such as dark green glass with a visible light transmittance of 42%, dark gray glass with a visible light transmittance of 18%, or dark gray glass with a visible light transmittance of 10%.

[0055] Preferably, the second glass plate 13 can also be made of lightly tinted glass, and the visible light transmittance of the lightly tinted glass is ≥70%, or ≥80%, or ≥85%. For example, the second glass plate 13 can be a transparent glass with a thickness of 2.1 mm and a visible light transmittance of 89%, or a green glass with a thickness of 1.6 mm and a visible light transmittance of 83%, or a green glass with a thickness of 2.1 mm and a visible light transmittance of 80%. The present application uses transparent glass, ultra-transparent glass or lightly tinted glass as the second glass plate 13, which is beneficial to reducing the cost of the laminated glass 1, and can maximize the function of the low-transmittance thermal insulation layer 20 when used in conjunction with the low-transmittance thermal insulation layer 20; compared with dark-tinted glass, the use of lightly tinted glass can also reduce the difficulty of the glass forming process and improve the quality of glass forming.

[0056] Optionally, a dimming film 40 is provided between the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 13. The dimming film 40 may be a polymer dispersed liquid crystal film (PDLC), a suspended particle film (SPD), an electrochromic film (EC), a dye liquid crystal film (LC), etc. The minimum visible light transmittance of the dimming film 40 is less than or equal to 3%, such as 3%, 2%, 1%, 0.5%, 0%. In addition, the maximum visible light transmittance of the dimming film 40 is set as required, such as 10%, 20%, 30%, 50%, 70%, 80%, etc. For example, the visible light transmittance of the dimming film 40 can be adjusted between 0% and 20%, between 0.5% and 50%, between 1% and 70%, etc. The dimming film 40 can meet the requirements of visible light transmittance in multiple scenarios. For example, when black-border display is required, the dimming film 40 is in an opaque state (visible light transmittance is less than or equal to 3%, or even 0%), thereby improving the contrast between the displayed image and the displayed background. When no display is performed, the dimming film 40 is in a transparent state (visible light transmittance is greater than or equal to 70%), thereby achieving transparency in a larger area of ​​the laminated glass 1. The dimming film 40 is disposed in the bonding layer 12. For example, the bonding layer 12 can be two thermoplastic polymer films, and the dimming film 40 is sandwiched between the two thermoplastic polymer films.

[0057] The visible light transmittance TL1 of the laminated glass 1 is ≤15%, which can be specifically 15%, 14%, 13%, 12%, 11%, 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, etc. Preferably, the visible light transmittance TL1 of the laminated glass 1 is ≤10%, and more preferably, the visible light transmittance TL1 of the laminated glass 1 is ≤8%. Further, the visible light transmittance TL1 of the laminated glass 1 is ≤5%. Furthermore, the visible light transmittance TL1 of the laminated glass 1 is ≤2%. The laminated glass 1 provided in the present application has a lower visible light transmittance TL1, so that the laminated glass 1 can prevent the occupants from being dazzled by sunlight, and has the effect of protecting privacy and preventing glare.

[0058] The total solar transmittance TTS of the laminated glass 1 is ≤20%, which can be specifically exemplified as 20%, or 18%, or 17%, or 16%, or 15%, or 14%, or 13%, or 12%, or 11%, or 10%, or 8%, etc. Preferably, the total solar transmittance TTS of the laminated glass 1 is ≤18%, and more preferably, the total solar transmittance TTS of the laminated glass 1 is ≤15%. Further, the total solar transmittance TTS of the laminated glass 1 is ≤13%. Furthermore, the total solar transmittance TTS of the laminated glass 1 is ≤10%. The laminated glass 1 provided in the present application has a lower total solar transmittance TTS, which can reduce the transmission of thermal radiation in sunlight, block heat, and on the basis of omitting the provision of a sunshade in the vehicle, thereby obtaining a larger height space inside the vehicle and improving the thermal comfort of the user.

[0059] In some embodiments, the laminated glass 1 has a medium emissivity, that is, the emissivity e of the laminated glass measured from the side of the low-transmittance heat-insulating layer 20 is 0.36≤e<0.5, and the emissivity of the laminated glass without the low-transmittance heat-insulating layer 20 is about 0.9. The laminated glass 1 with a medium emissivity can achieve the effect of heat insulation in summer and heat preservation in winter. The emissivity e of the laminated glass 1 is less than 0.5, which can be 0.5, or 0.48, or 0.47, or 0.46, or 0.45, or 0.44, or 0.43, or 0.42, or 0.41, or 0.40, or 0.39, or 0.38, or 0.37, or 0.36, etc.; preferably, the emissivity e of the laminated glass 1 is 0.40≤e≤0.48. The laminated glass 1 provided in the present application has a medium emissivity e, and can effectively block the heat exchange between the inside and outside of the vehicle, thereby achieving the effects of heat insulation in summer and heat preservation in winter without requiring sunshades in the vehicle.

[0060] In other embodiments, the laminated glass 1 has a low emissivity, that is, the emissivity e of the laminated glass measured from the side of the low-transmittance heat-insulating layer 20 is 0.15≤e≤0.35, and the emissivity of the laminated glass without the low-transmittance heat-insulating layer 20 is about 0.9. The laminated glass 1 with low emissivity can achieve the effect of heat insulation in summer and heat preservation in winter. The emissivity e of the laminated glass 1 is 0.15≤e≤0.35, and can be specifically exemplified as 0.35, or 0.34, or 0.33, or 0.32, or 0.31, or 0.30, or 0.29, or 0.28, or 0.27, or 0.26, or 0.25, or 0.20, or 0.18, or 0.15, etc.; preferably, the emissivity e of the laminated glass 1 is 0.2≤e≤0.3. The laminated glass 1 provided in the present application has a low emissivity e, and can effectively block the heat exchange between the inside and outside of the vehicle, thereby achieving the effects of heat insulation in summer and heat preservation in winter without requiring sunshades in the vehicle.

[0061] In the present application, the laminated glass 1 has a medium emissivity or a low emissivity, the low-transmittance thermal insulation layer 20 can make the emissivity e of the laminated glass 1 measured from the side of the low-transmittance thermal insulation layer 20 ≤ 0.5, the low-transmittance thermal insulation layer 20 includes at least one absorption functional layer 22, and the absorption functional layer 22 can reduce the emissivity e of the laminated glass 1, thereby replacing the transparent conductive oxide (TCO) layer in the related art, that is, the low-transmittance thermal insulation layer 20 does not include a transparent conductive oxide layer, and the material of the transparent conductive oxide layer is ITO (indium tin oxide), FTO (fluorine-doped tin oxide), YZO (yttrium-doped zinc oxide), HAZO (hafnium and aluminum-doped zinc oxide), WAZO (tungsten and aluminum-doped zinc oxide) or GZO (gallium-doped zinc oxide). The present application utilizes an absorption functional layer 22 to replace the transparent conductive oxide layer in the related art, and can achieve the effect of reducing the visible light transmittance without adding additional visible light absorbing materials. Compared with the magnetron sputtering efficiency of transparent conductive oxides, the absorption functional layer 22 used in the present application can further improve the magnetron sputtering efficiency, thereby improving the production efficiency of the low-transmittance thermal insulation layer 20.

[0062] The in-vehicle visible light reflectance RL4 of the laminated glass 1 measured from the side of the low-transmittance heat-insulating layer 20 is ≤5%, which can be specifically 5%, 4%, 3%, 2.5%, 2%, 1.5%, 1%, 0.5%, etc. Preferably, the in-vehicle visible light reflectance RL4 of the laminated glass 1 measured from the side of the low-transmittance heat-insulating layer 20 is ≤3%. More preferably, the in-vehicle visible light reflectance RL4 of the laminated glass 1 measured from the side of the low-transmittance heat-insulating layer 20 is ≤2%. Further, the in-vehicle visible light reflectance RL4 of the laminated glass 1 measured from the side of the low-transmittance heat-insulating layer 20 is ≤1%.

[0063] When the laminated glass 1 is installed on a vehicle, the low-transmittance heat-insulating layer 20 is arranged facing the interior of the vehicle. The visible light reflectance of the automobile glass in the related art is generally more than 8%. When the glass is used for the skylight glass on the roof of the vehicle and the skylight is not provided with a sunshade, the passengers and objects in the vehicle (such as the center console display or the display of other electronic devices) will form obvious reflections on the skylight glass due to mirror reflection, which will cause visual interference to the passengers, especially the rear passengers, and cause discomfort to the human eye. Moreover, as the size of the skylight glass becomes larger and the visible light transmittance becomes lower, for example, the reflections on the panoramic skylight glass or panoramic skylight glass on electric vehicles become clearer and clearer. If the passengers in the vehicle use electronic devices such as mobile phones, the content in the electronic devices may be clearly displayed on the skylight glass and observed by other passengers, thereby causing privacy leakage.

[0064] The laminated glass 1 provided in the present application has a lower visible light reflectivity RL4 inside the vehicle, which reduces the visible light reflectivity inside the vehicle, can alleviate the reflection phenomenon inside the vehicle, avoid visual interference to passengers, especially rear passengers, and improve the visual comfort inside the vehicle.

[0065] The vehicle exterior visible light reflectance RL1 of the laminated glass 1 measured from the first surface 111 side is ≤17%, which can be specifically 17%, 16%, 15%, 14%, 13%, 12%, 11%, 10%, etc. Preferably, the vehicle exterior visible light reflectance RL1 of the laminated glass 1 measured from the first surface 111 side is ≤15%. More preferably, the vehicle exterior visible light reflectance RL1 of the laminated glass 1 measured from the first surface 111 side is ≤13%. Further, the vehicle exterior visible light reflectance RL1 of the laminated glass 1 measured from the first surface 111 side is ≤10%.

[0066] When the laminated glass 1 is installed on a vehicle, the first glass plate 11 is arranged to face the outside of the vehicle. Therefore, the present application sets the vehicle-exterior visible light reflectivity RL1≤17% of the laminated glass 1 measured from the first surface 111 side, which can reduce light pollution outside the vehicle and improve environmental friendliness to pedestrians or other vehicles outside the vehicle.

[0067] Among them, the second glass plate 13 has a visible light transmittance TL2, and the visible light transmittance TL3 of the second glass plate 13 provided with the low-transmittance heat-insulating layer 20, TL2 ≥ 70%, TL3 ≤ 15%, the low-transmittance heat-insulating layer 20 described in the present application can reduce the visible light transmittance TL3 of the second glass plate 13 provided with the low-transmittance heat-insulating layer 20, so that it can replace the dark-tinted PVB film and dark-tinted glass in the related art, so that the laminated glass 1 has the effects of low cost, simple manufacturing and production, and privacy protection, and can also reduce the difficulty of the glass forming process and improve the glass forming quality. The visible light transmittance TL2 of the second glass plate 13 can be specifically exemplified as 70%, or 75%, or 80%, or 83%, or 85%, or 88%, or 90%, or 91%, or 92%, or 93%, or 94%, or 95%, etc. The visible light transmittance TL3 of the second glass plate 13 provided with the low-transmittance heat-insulating layer 20 can be specifically exemplified as 15%, or 14%, or 13%, or 12%, or 11%, or 10%, or 9%, or 8%, or 7%, or 6%, or 5%, or 4%, or 3%, or 2%, or 1%, or 0.5%, etc. Preferably, TL2≥80% or TL2≥90%, and TL3≤10%.

[0068] The structure of the low-permeability heat-insulating layer 20 is described in detail below: The low-permeability heat-insulating layer 20 comprises at least two first dielectric layers 21 and at least two absorption functional layers 22 stacked in layers, each absorption functional layer 22 being located between two adjacent first dielectric layers 21 .

[0069] Furthermore, the low-transmittance heat-insulating layer 20 further includes an outermost low-refractive-index layer 23 , and the outermost low-refractive-index layer 23 is disposed farthest from the fourth surface 132 .

[0070] like Figure 4 As shown, the low-transmittance heat-insulating layer 20 may be composed of two first dielectric layers 21, two absorption functional layers 22, and an outermost low-refractive index layer 23; for example, it may be composed of “first dielectric layer 21 / absorption functional layer 22 / first dielectric layer 21 / absorption functional layer 22 / outermost low-refractive index layer 23”. Alternatively, the low-transmittance heat-insulating layer 20 may also be composed of three first dielectric layers 21, two absorption functional layers 22, and an outermost low-refractive index layer 23, for example, it may be composed of “first dielectric layer 21 / absorption functional layer 22 / first dielectric layer 21 / absorption functional layer 22 / first dielectric layer 21 / outermost low-refractive index layer 23”.

[0071] like Figure 5 As shown, the low-transmittance heat-insulating layer 20 may also be composed of three first dielectric layers 21, three absorption functional layers 22 and an outermost low-refractive index layer 23; for example, it may be composed of “first dielectric layer 21 / absorption functional layer 22 / first dielectric layer 21 / absorption functional layer 22 / first dielectric layer 21 / absorption functional layer 22 / outermost low-refractive index layer 23”. Alternatively, the low-transmittance heat-insulating layer 20 may also be composed of four first dielectric layers 21, three absorption functional layers 22 and an outermost low-refractive index layer 23; for example, it may be composed of “first dielectric layer 21 / absorption functional layer 22 / first dielectric layer 21 / absorption functional layer 22 / first dielectric layer 21 / absorption functional layer 22 / first dielectric layer 21 / outermost low-refractive index layer 23”.

[0072] like Figure 6 As shown, the low-permeability heat-insulating layer 20 may also be composed of four first dielectric layers 21, four absorption functional layers 22 and an outermost low-refractive index layer 23; for example, it may be composed of “first dielectric layer 21 / absorption functional layer 22 / first dielectric layer 21 / absorption functional layer 22 / first dielectric layer 21 / absorption functional layer 22 / first dielectric layer 21 / absorption functional layer 22 / outermost low-refractive index layer 23”. Alternatively, the low-permeability heat-insulating layer 20 may also be composed of five first dielectric layers 21, four absorption functional layers 22 and an outermost low-refractive index layer 23; for example, it may be composed of “first dielectric layer 21 / absorption functional layer 22 / first dielectric layer 21 / absorption functional layer 22 / first dielectric layer 21 / absorption functional layer 22 / first dielectric layer 21 / absorption functional layer 22 / first dielectric layer 21 / outermost low-refractive index layer 23”.

[0073] Optionally, in the low-transmittance heat-insulating layer 20, the number of first dielectric layers 21 is 2 to 6, specifically 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6; the number of absorption functional layers 22 is 2 to 5, specifically 2, 3, 4 or 5. The ratio of the number of first dielectric layers 21 to the number of absorption functional layers 22 is 1.0 to 1.5, that is, the number of first dielectric layers 21 is greater than or equal to the number of absorption functional layers 22, specifically 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4 or 1.5, etc.

[0074] The first dielectric layer 21 is used to protect the absorption functional layer 22, and to adjust the mechanical properties, chemical resistance, high temperature heat treatment resistance, optical properties, appearance color, etc. of the low-transmittance heat insulation layer 20. The material of the first dielectric layer 21 is selected from the nitride, oxide, or oxynitride of at least one element of Zn, Sn, Ti, Si, Al, Ni, Cr, Nb, Mg, Zr, Ga, Y, In, Sb, V, and Ta. Specific examples include SiNx, SiOx, ZnSnOx, TiOx, SiNx, ZrOx, NbOx, etc. In some embodiments, the refractive index of the first dielectric layer 21 is ≥1.8, and specific examples include 1.8, or 1.9, or 2.0, or 2.1, or 2.2, or 2.3, or 2.4, or 2.5, or 2.6, or 2.7, etc. Preferably, the refractive index of the first dielectric layer 21 is ≥2.0, or ≥2.2, or ≥2.4.

[0075] The absorption functional layer 22 is used to reduce the visible light transmittance TL1 of the laminated glass 1, reduce the total solar energy transmittance TTS of the laminated glass 1, reduce the emissivity e of the laminated glass 1, and adjust the appearance color of the laminated glass 1. The material of the absorption functional layer 22 is selected from at least one element of Si, Ni, Cr, Al, Ti, Nb, Mo, Sn, Zn, Zr, Mg, or alloy, oxide, nitride, or nitrogen oxide. At the same time, the low-transmittance heat-insulating layer 20 is disposed on the fourth surface 132 for naked use, and the absorption functional layer 22 does not select any of silver, silver alloy and gold.

[0076] In some embodiments, the material of the absorption functional layer 22 is selected from a single element or an alloy of at least one element among Si, Ni, Cr, Al, Ti, Nb, Mo, Sn, Zn, Zr, and Mg, such as NiCr, Si, TiZr, ZnSn, Nb, etc.

[0077] In other embodiments, the material of the absorption functional layer 22 is selected from a substoichiometric oxide, a substoichiometric nitride, or a substoichiometric nitrogen oxide of at least one element among Si, Ni, Cr, Al, Ti, Nb, Mo, Sn, Zn, Zr, and Mg, such as substoichiometric NiCrOx, substoichiometric NiCrNx, etc.

[0078] The outermost low refractive index layer 23 is used to reduce the interior visible light reflectivity RL4 of the laminated glass 1. The refractive index of the outermost low refractive index layer 23 is less than or equal to 1.7, and specifically can be 1.7, or 1.6, or 1.5, or 1.4, or 1.3, or 1.2, etc. Preferably, the refractive index of the outermost low refractive index layer 23 is ≤1.6, or ≤1.4. The material of the outermost low refractive index layer 23 is selected from the oxide of at least one element of Al, Mg, Zn, Si, Zr, Sn, Ca, and V. Specifically, Al2O3, SiO2, SiBOx, SiTiOx, SiAlOx, SiZrOx, etc. can be exemplified.

[0079] The physical thickness of the low-permeability heat-insulating layer 20 is 150nm to 500nm, which is conducive to balancing the performance and production cost of the low-permeability heat-insulating layer 20. Specifically, it can be 150nm, or 160nm, or 170nm, or 180nm, or 190nm, or 200nm, or 210nm, or 220nm, or 230nm, or 240nm, or 250nm, or 260nm, or 270nm, or 280nm, or 290nm, or 300nm, or 350nm, or 400nm, or 450nm, or 500nm, etc. Preferably, the physical thickness of the low-permeability heat-insulating layer 20 is 200nm to 400nm. More preferably, the physical thickness of the low-permeability heat-insulating layer 20 is 220nm to 300nm.

[0080] The total physical thickness of the absorption functional layer 22 is 15nm to 100nm, which is conducive to balancing the performance and production cost of the low-transmittance thermal insulation layer 20. Specifically, it can be 15nm, or 18nm, or 20nm, or 30nm, or 40nm, or 50nm, or 60nm, or 70nm, or 80nm, or 90nm, or 100nm, etc. Preferably, the total physical thickness of the absorption functional layer 22 is 18nm to 80nm. More preferably, the total physical thickness of the absorption functional layer 22 is 20nm to 60nm. If the total physical thickness of the absorption functional layer 22 is too small, the low-transmittance thermal insulation layer 20 will not be able to achieve the set function. If the total physical thickness of the absorption functional layer 22 is too large, the production difficulty and production cost of the low-transmittance thermal insulation layer 20 will increase. Compared with the low-emissivity layer in the related art, the total physical thickness of the transparent conductive oxide layer is generally greater than 100nm, or even greater than 200nm. The total physical thickness of the absorption functional layer 22 set in the present application is thinner, which can significantly reduce production costs and improve production efficiency.

[0081] Optionally, the physical thickness of the absorption functional layer 22 of the fourth surface 132 closest to the second glass plate 13 is 5nm to 35nm, and specifically can be 35nm, 30nm, 25nm, 20nm, 15nm, 10nm, 5nm, etc. Among them, the absorption functional layer 22 closest to the fourth surface 132 is also called the innermost absorption functional layer 22. If the thickness of the innermost absorption functional layer 22 is too small, it is not conducive to the realization of the set function of the low-transmittance heat insulation layer 20. If the thickness of the innermost absorption functional layer 22 is too large, it is not conducive to the film system design and production of the low-transmittance heat insulation layer 20. Preferably, the physical thickness of the absorption functional layer 22 closest to the fourth surface 132 is 8nm to 30nm. More preferably, the physical thickness of the absorption functional layer 22 closest to the fourth surface 132 is 10nm to 25nm.

[0082] Optionally, the physical thickness of the absorption functional layer 22 of the fourth surface 132 farthest from the second glass plate 13 is 1nm to 16nm, and specifically can be 16nm, or 15nm, or 13nm, or 12nm, or 10nm, or 8nm, or 6nm, or 5nm, or 3nm, or 1nm, etc. Among them, the absorption functional layer 22 farthest from the fourth surface 132 is also called the outermost absorption functional layer 22. If the thickness of the outermost absorption functional layer 22 is too small, it is not conducive to realizing the set function of the low-transmittance heat insulation layer 20 and increasing the difficulty of production and manufacturing. If the thickness of the outermost absorption functional layer 22 is too large, it will cause the in-vehicle visible light reflectivity RL4 of the laminated glass 1 to be too large, thereby making the reflection inside the vehicle serious. Preferably, the physical thickness of the absorption functional layer 22 farthest from the fourth surface 132 is 2nm to 12nm. More preferably, the physical thickness of the absorption functional layer 22 farthest from the fourth surface 132 is 3nm to 8nm.

[0083] In some embodiments, the low-permeability heat-insulating layer 20 includes at least three absorption functional layers 22, and the physical thickness of the absorption functional layer 22 located between two adjacent absorption functional layers 22 is 5nm to 30nm. Among them, the absorption functional layer 22 located between the innermost absorption functional layer 22 and the outermost absorption functional layer 22 is also called the intermediate absorption functional layer 22. The low-permeability heat-insulating layer 20 includes at least one intermediate absorption functional layer 22. If the thickness of the intermediate absorption functional layer 22 is too small, it is not conducive to realizing the set function of the low-permeability heat-insulating layer 20. If the thickness of the intermediate absorption functional layer 22 is too large, it is not conducive to the film system design and production of the low-permeability heat-insulating layer 20. Preferably, the physical thickness of the intermediate absorption functional layer 22 is 7.5nm to 25nm.

[0084] The physical thickness of the outermost low refractive index layer 23 is ≥20nm, and specifically, it can be 20nm, or 30nm, or 40nm, or 50nm, or 60nm, or 70nm, or 80nm, or 90nm, or 100nm, etc. Preferably, the physical thickness of the outermost low refractive index layer 23 is ≥40nm, and more preferably, the physical thickness of the outermost low refractive index layer 23 is ≥60nm. If the physical thickness of the outermost low refractive index layer 23 is too small, it is difficult to reduce the in-vehicle visible light reflectance RL4 of the laminated glass 1. From the perspective of production convenience, the physical thickness of the outermost low refractive index layer 23 is ≤200nm, preferably ≤150nm, and more preferably ≤120nm.

[0085] The physical thickness of the first dielectric layer 21 closest to the fourth surface 132 of the second glass plate 13 is 20 nm to 100 nm, and specifically can be 20 nm, or 25 nm, or 30 nm, or 35 nm, or 40 nm, or 45 nm, or 50 nm, or 55 nm, or 60 nm, or 65 nm, or 70 nm, or 75 nm, or 80 nm, or 85 nm, or 90 nm, or 95 nm, or 100 nm, etc. The first dielectric layer 21 closest to the fourth surface 132 of the second glass plate 13 is also called the innermost first dielectric layer 21, the innermost first dielectric layer 21 is located between the fourth surface 132 and the innermost absorption functional layer 22, the innermost first dielectric layer 21 is in direct contact with the fourth surface 132, and the innermost first dielectric layer 21 is used to protect the innermost absorption functional layer 22 and improve the mechanical properties of the low-transmittance heat-insulating layer 20, etc. Preferably, the physical thickness of the first dielectric layer 21 closest to the fourth surface 132 is 25 nm to 90 nm, and more preferably, the physical thickness of the first dielectric layer 21 closest to the second glass plate 13 is 30 nm to 80 nm.

[0086] The physical thickness of the first dielectric layer 21 between two adjacent absorption functional layers 22 is 20nm-100nm, and specifically can be 20nm, or 25nm, or 30nm, or 35nm, or 40nm, or 45nm, or 50nm, or 55nm, or 60nm, or 65nm, or 70nm, or 75nm, or 80nm, or 85nm, or 90nm, or 95nm, or 100nm, etc. Among them, the first dielectric layer 21 between two adjacent absorption functional layers 22 is also called the middle first dielectric layer 21, and the middle first dielectric layer 21 is used to protect the absorption functional layer 22 and adjust the mechanical properties, optical properties and appearance color of the low-transmittance heat-insulating layer 20. Preferably, the physical thickness of the first dielectric layer 21 closest to the fourth surface 132 is 30nm-80nm, and more preferably, the physical thickness of the first dielectric layer 21 closest to the second glass plate 13 is 35nm-75nm.

[0087] In one embodiment, the outermost low refractive index layer 23 is in direct contact with the absorption functional layer 22 on the fourth surface 132 farthest from the second glass plate 13, that is, the outermost low refractive index layer 23 is in direct contact with the outermost absorption functional layer 22, and the number of first dielectric layers 21 is equal to the number of absorption functional layers 22.

[0088] In other embodiments of the reflection, a first dielectric layer 21 is further provided between the outermost low refractive index layer 23 and the absorption functional layer 22 of the fourth surface 132 farthest from the second glass plate 13, that is, the first dielectric layer 21 farthest from the fourth surface 132, also referred to as the outermost first dielectric layer 21, the physical thickness of the outermost first dielectric layer 21 is 5nm to 50nm, and the middle first dielectric layer 21 is used to protect the absorption functional layer 22 and adjust the mechanical properties, optical properties and appearance color of the low-transmittance heat-insulating layer 20. Preferably, the physical thickness of the first dielectric layer 21 farthest from the fourth surface 132 is 8nm to 40nm, and more preferably, the physical thickness of the first dielectric layer 21 closest to the second glass plate 13 is 10nm to 35nm.

[0089] Among them, in order to better achieve that the optical properties, mechanical properties, appearance color and other aspects of the low-transmittance thermal insulation layer 20 meet the comprehensive requirements of vehicle window glass, the first dielectric layer 21 can be a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure, for example, including at least two dielectric sublayers, and the difference in refractive index between two adjacent dielectric sublayers can be greater than or equal to 0.1.

[0090] The laminated glass 1 described in the present application further includes an infrared reflection layer 30, which is disposed between the first glass plate 11 and the bonding layer 12. The infrared reflection layer 30 may include at least two stacked metal functional layers, and the material of the metal functional layer is selected from metals or alloys of at least one element of Ag, Au, Cu, Al, and Pt. Specifically, the infrared reflection layer 30 may be directly disposed on the second surface 112 of the first glass plate 11, or may be first disposed on an organic resin film such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and the organic resin film provided with the infrared reflection layer 30 is sandwiched between the second surface 112 and the third surface 131, for example, in the bonding layer 12. The material of the metal functional layer is preferably silver or a silver alloy, and the silver alloy may be exemplified by a silver-gold alloy, a silver-aluminum alloy, a silver-copper alloy, a silver-platinum-gold alloy, and the like. It can be understood that the infrared reflection layer 30 also includes at least three second dielectric layers, each metal functional layer is located between two adjacent second dielectric layers, and the second dielectric layer is used to achieve that the optical properties, mechanical properties and appearance color of the infrared reflection layer 30 meet the comprehensive requirements of vehicle window glass. The material of the second dielectric layer is selected from at least one oxide, nitride, or nitrogen oxide of Zn, Ti, Si, Al, Sn, Se, Zr, Ni, In, Cr, W, Ca, Y, Nb, Cu, and Sm, such as ZnSnOx, TiOx, SiNx, SiOx, NbOx, etc.

[0091] The infrared reflection layer 30 can effectively reflect infrared rays in sunlight, thereby blocking the transfer of heat and reducing the total solar transmittance TTS of the laminated glass 1 by ≤20%. The physical thickness of the infrared reflection layer 30 is in the range of 70nm to 500nm. Specifically, the physical thickness of the infrared reflection layer 30 can be, but is not limited to, 70nm, 80nm, 140nm, 160nm, 220nm, 280nm, 330nm, 380nm, 440nm, 480nm and 500nm.

[0092] When the infrared reflection layer 30 has two metal functional layers and three second dielectric layers, it can be called a double silver infrared reflection layer. Similarly, when the infrared reflection layer 30 has three metal functional layers and four second dielectric layers, it can be called a triple silver infrared reflection layer. Similarly, there can be a quadruple silver infrared reflection layer and a five silver infrared reflection layer.

[0093] Optionally, the total physical thickness of the metal functional layer is 10nm to 50nm, and specific examples include 10nm, 15nm, 20nm, 30nm, 40nm, 50nm, etc. The total physical thickness of the metal functional layer is equal to the sum of the physical thicknesses of all metal functional layers in the infrared reflection layer 30. When the total physical thickness of the metal functional layer is 10nm to 50nm, it can not only make the infrared reflection layer 30 have a better effect of reflecting infrared rays, but also help to reduce the design difficulty of the infrared reflection layer 30 and ensure that the infrared reflection layer 30 can withstand high-temperature heat treatment and bending processes, and meet the automotive grade use requirements of vehicle window glass. Specifically, the physical thickness of each metal functional layer is 4nm to 16nm, and specific examples include 4nm, 5nm, 6nm, 8nm, 10nm, 12nm, 14nm, 16nm, etc.

[0094] The visible light reflection color of the laminated glass 1 measured from the first surface 111 has a Lab value, a≤0 and b≤0, and specifically, a≤0 and b≤0, or a≤0 and b≤-1, or a≤0 and b≤-5, or a≤-1 and b≤-1, or a≤-1 and b≤-5, or a≤-1 and b≤-10, or a≤-2 and b≤-3, or a≤-1 and b≤-5, or a≤-2 and b≤-5, or a≤-2 and b≤-10, or a≤-3 and b≤-3, or a≤-3 and b≤-5, or a≤-3 and b≤-10, etc. The visible light reflection color of the laminated glass 1 measured from the first surface 111 is also called the vehicle exterior visible light reflection color, a≤0 and b≤0, so that the visible light reflection color of the laminated glass 1 is close to a neutral color or a visually comfortable color.

[0095] The transmittance index A of the laminated glass 1 is ≥10, which can be 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, etc. Preferably, the transmittance index A of the laminated glass 1 is ≥20, ≥50, ≥70, ≥90, ≥100, etc. It should be noted that the transmittance index A of the laminated glass 1 is ≥10, which can better meet the comprehensive requirements of lower visible light transmittance TL1, lower emissivity e, lower total solar transmittance TTS, lower interior visible light reflectance RL4, lower exterior visible light reflectance RL1, etc., can omit the deep-tinted PVB film in the related art, and improve the combination design freedom of the laminated glass 1. The transmittance index A=TL1 / (TE×TL3), TL1 is the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass 1, TE is the direct solar energy transmittance of the laminated glass 1, and TL3 is the visible light transmittance of the second glass plate 13 provided with the low-transmittance thermal insulation layer 20.

[0096] In some embodiments, the laminated glass 1 is provided with a low-transmittance heat-insulating layer 20 and an infrared reflective layer 30 at the same time. In order to better obtain a laminated glass 1 with excellent comprehensive performance such as visible light transmittance TL1, emissivity e, total solar transmittance TTS, visible light reflectance RL4 inside the vehicle, visible light reflectance RL1 outside the vehicle, and appearance color, the ratio of the total physical thickness of the metal functional layer to the total physical thickness of the absorption functional layer 22 is preferably 0.5 to 1.6, and specific examples include 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, etc. More preferably, the ratio of the total physical thickness of the metal functional layer to the total physical thickness of the absorption functional layer 22 is 0.8 to 1.5. More preferably, the ratio of the total physical thickness of the metal functional layer to the total physical thickness of the absorption functional layer 22 is 0.9 to 1.3.

[0097] The present application also provides a vehicle, comprising a vehicle body, and the laminated glass 1 as provided above in the present application, wherein the laminated glass 1 is installed on the vehicle body.

[0098] When the laminated glass 1 is installed on a vehicle, it is preferably used as a sunroof glass of the vehicle. However, it is not limited thereto, and the laminated glass can also be used as a rear windshield, or a side window glass, or a corner window glass, thereby providing more display scene applications for the vehicle.

[0099] In order to make the purpose and advantages of the present application clearer, the effects of the laminated glass of the present application are further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0100] Comparative Examples 1-2 and Examples 1-12

[0101] Comparative Example 1: 2.1 mm thick gray glass is used as the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 13, the visible light transmittance TL4 of the first glass plate 11 is 28%, and the visible light transmittance TL2 of the second glass plate 13 is 28%.

[0102] Embodiment 1: A transparent glass with a thickness of 2.1 mm is used as the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 13 . The visible light transmittance TL4 of the first glass plate 11 is 88%, and the visible light transmittance TL2 of the second glass plate 13 is 88%.

[0103] Example 2: A 2.1 mm thick green glass is used as the first glass plate 11, and a 2.1 mm thick transparent glass is used as the second glass plate 13. The visible light transmittance TL4 of the first glass plate 11 is 83%, and the visible light transmittance TL2 of the second glass plate 13 is 88%.

[0104] Embodiment 3: 2.1 mm thick green glass is used as the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 13 , the visible light transmittance TL4 of the first glass plate 11 is 83%, and the visible light transmittance TL2 of the second glass plate 13 is 83%.

[0105] Comparative Example 1 and Examples 1-3: A transparent PVB with a thickness of 0.76 mm is used as the adhesive layer 12, and the visible light transmittance TL5 of the adhesive layer 12 is ≥88%.

[0106] Among them, in comparative example 1, neither the infrared reflection layer 30 nor the low-transmittance heat-insulating layer 20 is provided; in embodiments 1-3, no infrared reflection layer 30 is provided, but the low-transmittance heat-insulating layer 20 is provided.

[0107] According to the magnetron sputtering process and the automobile glass production process, the low-transmittance heat-insulating layer 20 is deposited on the fourth surface 132 of the second glass plate 13 of Examples 1-3.

[0108] The structural parameters of the laminated glasses of Comparative Example 1 and Examples 1-3 are shown in Table 1.

[0109] Table 1: Structural parameters of laminated glass of Comparative Example 1 and Examples 1-3

[0110]

[0111] The laminated glasses of Comparative Example 1 and Examples 1-3 were prepared, and the visible light transmittance, total solar energy transmittance, emissivity, visible light reflectance, direct solar energy transmittance and visible light reflection color were measured and calculated, and the measurement results were recorded in Table 2.

[0112] Visible light transmittance TL1: According to standard ISO9050, the visible light transmittance of laminated glass is measured and calculated.

[0113] Solar energy transmittance TE: According to the standard ISO9050, the solar energy transmittance of laminated glass is measured and calculated.

[0114] In-car visible light reflectance RL4: According to standard ISO9050, the visible light reflectance of laminated glass is measured and calculated from the side of the low-transmittance insulation layer.

[0115] External visible light reflectance RL1: According to the standard ISO9050, the visible light reflectance of the laminated glass is measured and calculated from the first side.

[0116] Total Solar Transmittance (TTS): According to the standard ISO9050, the total solar transmittance of laminated glass is measured and calculated.

[0117] Emissivity e: Use an emissivity meter to measure and calculate the emissivity of laminated glass from the side of the low-transmittance insulation layer.

[0118] Exterior visible light reflection color Lab: Based on CI E1976, D65 light source 10° viewing angle, the visible light reflection color of the laminated glass is measured from the first side.

[0119] The measurement results of the laminated glass's visible light transmittance TL1, solar direct transmittance TE, total solar transmittance TTS, emissivity e, interior visible light reflectance RL4, exterior visible light reflectance RL1, and exterior visible light reflection color are recorded in Table 2.

[0120] Table 2: Measurement results of laminated glass of Comparative Example 1 and Examples 1-3

[0121]

[0122] Comparative Example 1 uses two pieces of deep tinted glass to reduce the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass to TL1≤15%, but the total solar transmittance TTS of the laminated glass is still greater than 25%, and the emissivity e of the laminated glass measured from the fourth side is greater than 0.8, so that Comparative Example 1 has the disadvantages of high cost, poor thermal insulation effect, and inability to achieve winter insulation.

[0123] Compared with Comparative Example 1, Examples 1-3 use a low-transmittance heat-insulating layer including an absorption functional layer, so that the laminated glass 1 can have a lower visible light transmittance TL1, such as TL1≤8%, or TL1≤6%, or TL1≤4%, or TL1≤2%, etc., even if transparent glass, transparent PVB or lightly tinted glass is selected. The dark tinted PVB film and dark tinted glass in the related art can be omitted, which is beneficial to reducing the cost of the laminated glass 1, and can also reduce the difficulty of the glass forming process and improve the glass forming quality. Moreover, the laminated glass 1 can also have a lower total solar energy transmittance TTS≤20%, which can reduce the transmission of thermal radiation in sunlight, block heat, and on the basis of omitting the setting of the sunshade in the vehicle, thereby obtaining a larger vehicle interior height space and improving the thermal comfort of the user.

[0124] Among them, embodiments 1-3 use a low-transmittance heat-insulating layer including an absorption functional layer, so that the laminated glass 1 has a lower emissivity e=0.2~0.3, etc., which can greatly reduce the emissivity e on the inner side of the laminated glass 1, and can also achieve the effect of reducing the visible light transmittance without adding additional visible light absorbing materials, and can further improve the efficiency of magnetron sputtering, thereby improving the production efficiency of the low-transmittance heat-insulating layer 20.

[0125] Among them, the laminated glass 1 of Examples 1-3 has a lower visible light reflectivity RL4≤3% inside the vehicle, which is lower than that of Comparative Example 1 in which the infrared reflection layer 30 and the low-transmittance thermal insulation layer 20 are not provided. This reduces the visible light reflectivity inside the vehicle, can alleviate the reflection phenomenon inside the vehicle, avoid visual interference to passengers, especially rear passengers, and improve the visual comfort inside the vehicle.

[0126] Among them, the laminated glass 1 of Examples 1-3 has a lower reflectivity RL1 of visible light outside the vehicle, for example, RL1≤15%, or RL1≤14%, or RL1≤13%, or RL1≤12%, etc., which can reduce light pollution outside the vehicle and improve environmental friendliness to pedestrians or other vehicles outside the vehicle.

[0127] Among them, the laminated glass 1 of Examples 1-3 has a visible light reflection color Lab value that is comfortable to the eyes, such as a≤1 and b≤1, or -5≤a≤1 and -1≤b≤1, etc., so that the visible light reflection color of the laminated glass 1 is close to a neutral color or a visually comfortable color.

[0128] Comparative Example 2 and Examples 4-6: 2.1 mm thick transparent glass is used as the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 13, the visible light transmittance TL4 of the first glass plate 11 is 88%, and the visible light transmittance TL2 of the second glass plate 13 is 88%; wherein TL4=TL2.

[0129] Comparative Example 2: A 0.76 mm thick gray PVB is used as the adhesive layer 12, and the visible light transmittance TL5 of the adhesive layer 12 is ≤10%.

[0130] Example 4-6: A transparent PVB with a thickness of 0.76 mm is used as the adhesive layer 12, and the visible light transmittance TL5 of the adhesive layer 12 is ≥ 88%.

[0131] According to the magnetron sputtering process and the automotive glass production process, an infrared reflection layer 30 is deposited on the second surface 112 of the first glass plate 11, a low-transmittance heat-insulating layer 20 is deposited on the fourth surface 132 of the second glass plate 13 of Examples 4-6, and an ITO low-emissivity layer is deposited on the fourth surface 132 of the second glass plate 13 of Comparative Example 2.

[0132] The structural parameters of the laminated glasses of Comparative Example 2 and Examples 4-6 are shown in Table 3.

[0133] Table 3: Structural parameters of laminated glass of Comparative Example 2 and Examples 4-6

[0134]

[0135]

[0136] Examples 7-9: A 2.1 mm thick transparent glass is used as the first glass plate 11, and the visible light transmittance of the first glass plate 11 is TL4=88%; a 2.1 mm thick green glass is used as the second glass plate 13, and the visible light transmittance of the second glass plate 13 is TL2=83%; wherein, TL4>TL2, a 0.76 mm thick transparent PVB is used as the bonding layer 12, and the visible light transmittance of the bonding layer 12 is TL5≥88%.

[0137] According to the magnetron sputtering process and the automobile glass production process, the infrared reflection layer 30 is deposited on the second surface 112 of the first glass plate 11 , and the low-transmittance heat-insulating layer 20 is deposited on the fourth surface 132 of the second glass plate 13 .

[0138] The structural parameters of the laminated glass of Examples 7-9 are shown in Table 4.

[0139] Table 4: Structural parameters of laminated glass of Examples 7-9

[0140]

[0141]

[0142] Examples 10-12: A 2.1 mm thick transparent glass is used as the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 13, the visible light transmittance TL4 of the first glass plate 11 is 88%, and the visible light transmittance TL2 of the second glass plate 13 is 88%; wherein TL4=TL2, a 0.76 mm thick transparent PVB is used as the bonding layer 12, and the visible light transmittance TL5 of the bonding layer 12 is ≥88%.

[0143] According to the magnetron sputtering process and the automobile glass production process, the infrared reflection layer 30 is deposited on the second surface 112 of the first glass plate 11 , and the low-transmittance heat-insulating layer 20 is deposited on the fourth surface 132 of the second glass plate 13 .

[0144] The structural parameters of the laminated glass of Examples 10-12 are shown in Table 5.

[0145] Table 5: Structural parameters of laminated glass of Examples 10-12

[0146]

[0147]

[0148] Examples 13-15: A 2.1 mm thick transparent glass is used as the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 13, the visible light transmittance TL4 of the first glass plate 11 is 88%, and the visible light transmittance TL2 of the second glass plate 13 is 88%; wherein TL4=TL2, a 0.76 mm thick transparent PVB is used as the bonding layer 12, and the visible light transmittance TL5 of the bonding layer 12 is ≥88%.

[0149] According to the magnetron sputtering process and the automobile glass production process, the infrared reflection layer 30 is deposited on the second surface 112 of the first glass plate 11 , and the low-transmittance heat-insulating layer 20 is deposited on the fourth surface 132 of the second glass plate 13 .

[0150] The structural parameters of the laminated glass of Examples 13-15 are shown in Table 6.

[0151] Table 6: Structural parameters of laminated glass of Examples 13-15

[0152]

[0153]

[0154] The laminated glasses of Comparative Example 2 and Examples 4-15 were prepared, and the visible light transmittance, total solar energy transmittance, emissivity, visible light reflectance, direct solar energy transmittance and visible light reflection color were measured and calculated, and the measurement results were recorded in Tables 7 and 8.

[0155] Visible light transmittance TL1: According to standard ISO9050, the visible light transmittance of laminated glass is measured and calculated.

[0156] Visible light transmittance TL3: According to the standard ISO9050, the visible light transmittance of the second glass plate provided with a low-transmittance heat-insulating layer is measured and calculated.

[0157] Solar energy transmittance TE: According to the standard ISO9050, the solar energy transmittance of laminated glass is measured and calculated.

[0158] Transmittance index A: calculated according to the formula A=TL1 / (TE×TL3).

[0159] In-car visible light reflectance RL4: According to standard ISO9050, the visible light reflectance of laminated glass is measured and calculated from the side of the low-transmittance insulation layer.

[0160] External visible light reflectance RL1: According to the standard ISO9050, the visible light reflectance of the laminated glass is measured and calculated from the first side.

[0161] Total Solar Transmittance (TTS): According to the standard ISO9050, the total solar transmittance of laminated glass is measured and calculated.

[0162] Emissivity e: Use an emissivity meter to measure and calculate the emissivity of laminated glass from the side of the low-transmittance insulation layer.

[0163] Exterior visible light reflection color Lab: Based on CI E1976, D65 light source 10° viewing angle, the visible light reflection color of the laminated glass is measured from the first side.

[0164] The measurement results of the visible light transmittance TL1, visible light transmittance TL3, solar direct transmittance TE, and transmittance index A of the laminated glass are recorded in Table 7.

[0165] Table 7: Measurement results of laminated glass of Comparative Example 2 and Examples 4-15 (I)

[0166]

[0167]

[0168] The measurement results of total solar transmittance TTS, emissivity e, interior visible light reflectance RL4, exterior visible light reflectance RL1, and exterior visible light reflection color are recorded in Table 8.

[0169] Table 8: Measurement results of laminated glass of Comparative Example 2 and Examples 4-15 (II)

[0170]

[0171] Comparative Example 2 adopts the ITO low-emissivity layer in the related art, the total physical thickness of the ITO functional layer is greater than 100nm, and the visible light transmittance TL3 of the second glass plate provided with the ITO low-emissivity layer is ≥60%. In order to make the visible light transmittance TL1 of the final laminated glass ≤15%, an expensive dark-colored thermoplastic polymer film, such as dark gray PVB, is usually selected, and the transmittance index A of the laminated glass is less than 5, so that the combination design freedom of the laminated glass 1 of Comparative Example 2 is relatively low.

[0172] Compared with Comparative Example 2, Examples 4-15 use a low-transmittance heat-insulating layer including an absorption functional layer, so that the laminated glass 1 can have a lower visible light transmittance TL1 even if transparent glass, transparent PVB or lightly tinted glass is used, for example, TL1≤8%, or TL1≤6%, or TL1≤4%, or TL1≤2%, etc., and the dark-tinted PVB film in the related art can be omitted, which is beneficial to reducing the cost of the laminated glass 1, and can also reduce the difficulty of the glass forming process and improve the glass forming quality.

[0173] Among them, embodiments 4-15 use an infrared reflection layer and a low-transmittance heat-insulating layer to make the laminated glass 1 have a higher transmittance index A, such as A≥20, or A≥40, or A≥60, or A≥80, or A≥100, etc., which can better meet the requirements of lower visible light transmittance TL1, lower emissivity e, lower total solar energy transmittance TTS, lower interior visible light reflectance RL4,

[0174] The invention can meet comprehensive requirements such as lower exterior visible light reflectivity RL1 and improve the combination design freedom of the laminated glass 1.

[0175] Among them, Examples 4-15 use an infrared reflection layer and a low-transmittance thermal insulation layer to make the laminated glass 1 have a lower total solar transmittance TTS, for example, TTS≤18%, or TTS≤16%, or TTS≤14%, or TTS≤12%, etc., which can reduce the transmission of thermal radiation in sunlight and block heat. On the basis of omitting the setting of sunshades in the vehicle, a larger height space inside the vehicle is obtained and the thermal comfort of the user is improved.

[0176] Among them, Examples 4-15 use an infrared reflection layer and a low-transmittance thermal insulation layer, and the ratio of the total physical thickness of the metal functional layer to the total physical thickness of the absorption functional layer is 0.5-1.5, or 0.55-1.35, or 0.8-1.2, etc., so as to better obtain a laminated glass 1 with excellent comprehensive performance such as visible light transmittance TL1, emissivity e, total solar energy transmittance TTS, visible light reflectance RL4 inside the vehicle, visible light reflectance RL1 outside the vehicle, and appearance color.

[0177] Among them, Examples 4-15 use a low-transmittance heat-insulating layer including an absorption functional layer, so that the laminated glass 1 has a lower emissivity e, for example, e=0.4~0.5, or e=0.41~0.46, or e=0.2~0.3, or e=0.22~0.32, etc. The low-transmittance heat-insulating layer does not include the ITO functional layer, and the absorption functional layer with a total physical thickness of 20nm~40nm is used to replace the ITO functional layer with a total physical thickness greater than 100nm, which can better reduce the emissivity e on the inner side of the laminated glass 1, and can also achieve the effect of reducing the visible light transmittance without adding additional visible light absorbing materials, and can further improve the efficiency of magnetron sputtering, thereby improving the production efficiency of the low-transmittance heat-insulating layer 20.

[0178] Among them, Examples 4-15 use a low-transmittance heat-insulating layer including an absorption functional layer, so that the laminated glass 1 has a lower visible light reflectivity RL4 in the car, for example, RL4≤3%, or RL4≤3%, or RL4≤2%, or RL4≤1%, or RL4≤0.5%, etc., which reduces the visible light reflectivity in the car, can reduce the reflection phenomenon in the car, avoid visual interference to passengers, especially rear passengers, and improve the visual comfort inside the vehicle.

[0179] Among them, Examples 4-15 use an infrared reflection layer including a metal functional layer to make the laminated glass 1 have a lower reflectivity RL1 of visible light outside the vehicle, for example, RL1≤15%, or RL1≤14%, or RL1≤13%, or RL1≤12%, etc., which can reduce light pollution outside the vehicle and improve the environmental friendliness to pedestrians or other vehicles outside the vehicle.

[0180] Among them, Examples 4-15 use an infrared reflection layer including a metal functional layer, so that the laminated glass 1 has a visible light reflection color Lab value that is comfortable for the eyes, for example, a≤0 and b≤0, or a≤0 and b≤-5, or a≤-1 and b≤-10, or a≤-2 and b≤-3, or a≤-2 and b≤-10, etc., so that the visible light reflection color of the laminated glass 1 is close to a neutral color or a visually comfortable color.

[0181] Unless otherwise specified or there is a contradiction, the terms and phrases used in this application have the following meanings:

[0182] In this application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection. It can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection. It can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. It can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0183] Mentioning "embodiment" and "implementation method" in this application means that the specific features, structures or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of the phrases in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described in this application can be combined with other embodiments. In addition, it should also be understood that the features, structures or characteristics described in the various embodiments of the present application can be arbitrarily combined to form another embodiment that does not deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present application, provided that there is no contradiction between them.

[0184] The above is part of the implementation methods of the present application. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present application. These improvements and modifications are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A laminated glass, characterized in that: The laminated glass comprises a first glass plate, an adhesive layer, a second glass plate and a low-transmittance heat-insulating layer, wherein the first glass plate has a first surface and a second surface, the second glass plate has a third surface and a fourth surface, the adhesive layer connects the second surface and the third surface, and the low-transmittance heat-insulating layer is arranged on the fourth surface; Among them, the low-transmittance heat-insulating layer includes at least one absorption functional layer, the visible light transmittance TL1 of the laminated glass is ≤15%, the total solar energy transmittance TTS of the laminated glass is ≤20%, and the emissivity e of the laminated glass measured from one side of the low-transmittance heat-insulating layer is ≤0.

5.

2. The laminated glass according to claim 1, characterized in that: The visible light transmittance TL1 of the laminated glass is ≤10%, or ≤8%, or ≤5%, or ≤3%, or ≤1%.

3. The laminated glass according to claim 1, characterized in that: The total solar transmittance TTS of the laminated glass is ≤18%, or ≤15%, or ≤13%, or ≤10%.

4. The laminated glass according to claim 1, characterized in that: The emissivity e of the laminated glass is 0.36≤e<0.5, or 0.40≤e≤0.

48.

5. The laminated glass according to claim 1, characterized in that: The emissivity e of the laminated glass is 0.15≤e≤0.35, or 0.2≤e≤0.

3.

6. The laminated glass according to claim 1, characterized in that: The interior visible light reflectivity RL4 of the laminated glass measured from the side of the low-transmittance heat-insulating layer is ≤5%, or ≤3%, or ≤2%, or ≤1%.

7. The laminated glass according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vehicle exterior visible light reflectivity RL1 of the laminated glass measured from the first surface is ≤17%, or ≤15%, or ≤13%, or ≤10%.

8. The laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein: The low-transmittance heat-insulating layer does not include a transparent conductive oxide layer, and the material of the transparent conductive oxide layer is ITO (indium tin oxide), FTO (fluorine-doped tin oxide), YZO (yttrium-doped zinc oxide), HAZO (hafnium and aluminum-doped zinc oxide), WAZO (tungsten and aluminum-doped zinc oxide) or GZO (gallium-doped zinc oxide).

9. The laminated glass according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second glass plate has a visible light transmittance TL2, and the second glass plate provided with the low-transmittance heat-insulating layer has a visible light transmittance TL3, TL2≥70%, TL3≤15%.

10. The laminated glass according to claim 9, characterized in that: TL2≥80% or TL2≥90%, TL3≤10%.

11. The laminated glass according to claim 1, characterized in that: The low-permeability thermal insulation layer includes at least two first dielectric layers and at least two absorption functional layers stacked in layers, each of the absorption functional layers is located between two adjacent first dielectric layers, and the material of the absorption functional layer is selected from a single substance or alloy or oxide, nitride, or nitrogen oxide of at least one element among Si, Ni, Cr, Al, Ti, Nb, Mo, Sn, Zn, Zr, and Mg.

12. The laminated glass according to claim 11, characterized in that: The low-transmittance heat-insulating layer further includes an outermost low-refractive-index layer, which is disposed farthest from the fourth surface, and has a refractive index less than or equal to 1.

7.

13. The laminated glass according to claim 12, characterized in that: The physical thickness of the outermost low refractive index layer is ≥20 nm, or ≥40 nm, or ≥60 nm.

14. The laminated glass according to claim 11, characterized in that: The physical thickness of the low-transmittance heat-insulating layer is 150nm to 500nm, or 200nm to 400nm, or 220nm to 300nm.

15. The laminated glass according to claim 11, characterized in that: The total physical thickness of the absorption functional layer is 15nm to 100nm, or 18nm to 80nm, or 20nm to 60nm.

16. The laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein: The laminated glass also includes an infrared reflection layer, which is arranged between the first glass plate and the bonding layer. The infrared reflection layer includes at least two stacked metal functional layers, and the material of the metal functional layer is selected from metals or alloys of at least one element of Ag, Au, Cu, Al, and Pt.

17. The laminated glass according to claim 16, characterized in that: The total physical thickness of the metal functional layer is 10nm to 50nm; the physical thickness of the infrared reflection layer is 70nm to 500nm.

18. The laminated glass according to claim 16, wherein: The ratio of the total physical thickness of the metal functional layer to the total physical thickness of the absorption functional layer is 0.5 to 1.6, or 0.8 to 1.5, or 0.9 to 1.

3.

19. The laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein: The laminated glass satisfies at least one of the following conditions: (1) The visible light transmittance of the first glass plate is TL4 ≥ 70%, or TL4 ≥ 80%, or TL4 ≥ 90%; (2) The first glass plate is transparent glass or extra-transparent glass; (3) The second glass plate is transparent glass, extra-transparent glass or lightly tinted glass; (4) The visible light transmittance of the adhesive layer is TL5 ≥ 70%, or TL5 ≥ 80%, or TL5 ≥ 85%; (5) The adhesive layer is a transparent thermoplastic polymer film or a lightly colored thermoplastic polymer film.

20. A vehicle, characterized in that: The vehicle comprises a vehicle body, and the laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 19, wherein the laminated glass is mounted on the vehicle body.

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