Cascade protection structure with self-sealing and multiple fragment prevention functions

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of transportation containers, in particular to a novel multi-stage combined protection oil tank. Comprising an oil tank shell, partition plates, an oil inlet and outlet and an oil outlet, the oil inlet and outlet is formed in the top of the oil tank shell, the oil outlet is formed in the bottom of the oil tank shell, and the two partition plates are arranged in the oil tank shell and divide the interior of the oil tank shell into three independent parts which are the first tank body, the second tank body and the third tank body in sequence from front to back. The volumes of the first tank body, the second tank body and the third tank body are sequentially decreased from front to back, the top of the first tank body is higher than that of the second tank body, the top of the second tank body is higher than that of the third tank body, and the tank bodies are filled with nonmetal blocking explosion suppression balls. The anti-deflagration fuel tank is simple and convenient in structure, internal fuel leakage can be effectively prevented, and the anti-deflagration effect is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This patent design relates to the technical field of transport containers, in particular to a new type of multi-stage combined protective oil tank. Background Art

[0002] Oil tanks, referred to as oil tanks or storage tanks, are large containers with regular shapes used to store oil products. During transportation, oil tanks may be subject to collisions, bullet penetration and other accidents, and the oil tanks may explode, causing casualties and economic losses. Composite structures have been developed better and better in research and application at home and abroad since World War II because of their light weight and relatively high relative rigidity. They are currently widely used in aerospace, transportation, military protection and other fields. The composite protective structure designed on the outside of the oil tank can effectively prevent bullet penetration and enhance the overall impact resistance of the oil tank. The self-sealing function of the oil tank is one of the important research directions for improving the protective performance of the oil tank. When the bullet penetrates the oil tank, the outer wall of the oil tank is driven by the characteristics of the matrix itself, and the bullet hole can be closed by itself, which plays a role in preventing fuel leakage. At the same time, it can avoid the explosion and combustion caused by fuel leakage and ensure the safety of personnel. At present, most self-sealing layers are made of elastic materials. After being damaged, it is difficult to continue to fit with the metal layer of the oil tank, which will cause the self-sealing layer to fall off. When an oil tank leaks fuel or is penetrated by a bullet, it is prone to deflagration, causing casualties and economic losses. Barrier and explosion-suppressing materials can be added to the oil tank to effectively prevent the oil tank from burning and exploding.

[0003] The fuel tanks of military vehicles are generally exposed to the outside, and there is no special protection for the fuel tanks. In the event of an enemy attack, the fuel tanks are easily damaged. Existing protective fuel tanks only have self-sealing and explosion suppression functions, and have no protection against bullets, fragments, etc. For example, the Chinese utility model patent with announcement number CN211416949U discloses "a vehicle safety fuel tank with self-sealing and explosion-proof functions", which suppresses explosions by blocking explosion suppression materials. This method does not have the ability to resist bullets penetrating the fuel tank, especially protection against active fragments.

[0004] This patent designs a new type of oil tank through the technical route of preventing penetration, leakage and explosion, and effectively prevents the explosion and combustion of the oil tank through multi-level joint protection. Summary of the invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a cascade protection structure with self-sealing and multi-fragment protection functions to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: a cascade protection structure with self-sealing and multi-fragment protection functions, including an oil tank shell, a partition, an oil inlet and outlet, and an oil outlet, wherein two partitions are arranged inside the oil tank shell, dividing the inside of the oil tank shell into three independent parts, which are the first tank body, the second tank body, and the third tank body from front to back, and the top of the first tank body, the second tank body, and the third tank body are respectively provided with an oil inlet and outlet, and the volume of the first tank body, the second tank body, and the third tank body decreases from front to back, the top height of the first tank body is higher than that of the second tank body, the top height of the second tank body is higher than that of the third tank body, and the top of the first tank body is close to the second tank body. One side of the tank body extends toward the top of the second tank body to form a second tank body top plate with an inclined angle of 45°. The top plate with the inclined angle is then connected to the horizontal top plate of the second tank body to form a second tank body top plate with an inclined front end and a horizontal rear end. The third tank body top plate has the same structure as the second tank body top plate. An oil groove is provided on the top of the partition between the first tank body and the second tank body. The horizontal position of the top of the oil groove is lower than the height of the first tank body top plate, and the horizontal position of the bottom of the oil groove is higher than the height of the second tank body top plate. The partition structure between the second tank body and the third tank body is the same as the structure of the partition between the first tank body and the second tank body, and its height is lower than the partition between the first tank body and the second tank body.

[0007] Furthermore, the oil tank shell also includes an outer shell and an inner shell, wherein the outer shell wraps the inner shell, and a self-sealing layer is filled between the outer shell and the inner shell.

[0008] Furthermore, the bottom surface and the side surface of the outer shell are also provided with an anti-fragmentation layer, and the anti-fragmentation layer includes a ceramic layer, an aluminum alloy layer, and a composite material layer from the outside to the inside.

[0009] Furthermore, a honeycomb structure layer is provided between the inner shell and the self-sealing layer.

[0010] Furthermore, a number of explosion suppression balls are arranged inside the first tank body, the second tank body and the third tank body, and a filter screen is arranged on the oil flow groove between the first tank body, the second tank body and the third tank body, and the aperture of the filter screen is smaller than the diameter of the explosion suppression ball.

[0011] Furthermore, transverse wave-breaking plates are also provided in the first tank body, the second tank body and the third tank body, wherein the transverse wave-breaking plates are arranged parallel to the partition plates, and two transverse wave-breaking plates are respectively provided in the first tank body, the second tank body and the third tank body, and a number of oil holes are respectively provided in the center, top and bottom of the transverse wave-breaking plates.

[0012] Furthermore, longitudinal wave-breaking plates are also arranged in the first tank body, the second tank body and the third tank body, wherein the longitudinal wave-breaking plates are arranged inside the first tank body, the second tank body and the third tank body perpendicular to the partition plate, and gaps are left between the top and bottom of the longitudinal wave-breaking plates and the top and bottom plates of the first tank body, the second tank body and the third tank body.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0014] (1) The self-sealing layer of the present invention is composed of shear-hardening glue, which is a non-Newtonian fluid whose main component is polyborosiloxane. It has strong fluidity and impact resistance. After being penetrated, it can perform simple self-repair due to the characteristics of the fluid, which can effectively prevent further leakage of the internal fuel.

[0015] (2) The non-metallic barrier explosion suppression ball of the present invention divides the space into several "small chambers" or "cavities", which can effectively curb the spread of flames and sharply attenuate the explosion pressure wave. At the same time, the high specific surface area of ​​the material can absorb and conduct a large amount of heat energy, destroying the explosion conditions of the combustion medium, thereby reducing the flame combustion speed and ensuring the safety and storage of fuel. In addition, compared with other explosion suppression materials, non-metallic explosion suppression balls account for a relatively small proportion, only about 5% of the total volume of the oil tank, which can reduce the weight of the oil tank to a certain extent and increase the quality of the transported oil products.

[0016] (3) The oil tanks of the present invention adopt a stepped design. When refueling, refueling starts from the frontmost oil tank. After the frontmost oil tank is full, the oil will flow from the oil groove on the top of its partition to the middle oil tank, and so on until all the oil tanks are full. The advantage of this approach is that it can ensure that at most only one of the three oil tanks is not full of oil, and if the first oil tank is full of oil and the middle oil tank is not full of oil, the last oil tank is in an empty oil state. Even if it is attacked from the rear, the last oil tank will not explode, thereby protecting the safety of the tank truck to the greatest extent. If it is attacked from the side, only the middle oil tank is relatively easy to explode, and under the protection of the multi-stage combined protective components, the harm of such explosion can be reduced to a minimum. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of oil tank cross section.

[0018] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of a partial cross section of the oil tank shell.

[0019] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the partition.

[0020] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of placing explosion suppression balls in oil tanks.

[0021] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of placing transverse wave-breaking plates on oil tanks.

[0022] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the transverse wave-breaking board.

[0023] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of longitudinal wave-breaking plates placed on oil tanks.

[0024] Figure 8Honeycomb structure layer Schematic diagram of honeycomb structure.

[0025] Among them, there are an oil tank shell 100, an outer shell 101, an inner shell 102, a first tank body 110, a second tank body 120, a third tank body 130, a honeycomb structure layer 103, a self-sealing layer 200, an anti-fragmentation layer 201, a ceramic layer 2011, an aluminum alloy layer 2012, a composite material layer 2013, a partition 300, an oil inlet and outlet 400, an explosion suppression ball 600, a transverse wave-breaking plate 700, and a longitudinal wave-breaking plate 800. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The purpose of the present invention is to address the deficiencies of existing oil tank technology and provide a cascade protection structure with self-sealing and multi-fragment protection functions, which is specifically achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0027] Reference Figure 1 This embodiment provides a cascade protection structure with self-sealing and multi-fragment protection functions, including an oil tank shell 100, a partition 300, an oil inlet and outlet 400, and an oil outlet 500. Two partitions 300 are arranged inside the oil tank shell 100, and the inside of the oil tank shell 100 is divided into three independent parts, which are the first tank body 110, the second tank body 120, and the third tank body 130 from front to back. Dividing the inside of the oil tank into three parts can effectively reduce the range and damage of the explosion wave. An oil inlet and outlet 400 is arranged above the first tank body 110, the second tank body 120, and the third tank body 130, respectively. Each oil inlet and outlet 400 on the first tank body 110, the second tank body 120, and the third tank body 130 can realize simultaneous refueling and oil discharge, increase refueling efficiency, and cope with different emergencies.

[0028] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 3 The volumes of the first tank body 110, the second tank body 120, and the third tank body 130 decrease from front to back. The top height of the first tank body 110 is higher than that of the second tank body 120, and the top height of the second tank body 120 is higher than that of the third tank body 130. The side of the top of the first tank body 110 close to the second tank body 120 extends toward the top of the second tank body 120 to form a top plate of the second tank body 120 with a 45° inclination angle. The top plate with the inclination angle is then connected to the horizontal top plate of the second tank body 120 to form a top plate of the second tank body 120 with an inclined front end and a horizontal rear end. The top plates of the second tank body 120 and the third tank body 130 and the partition 300 in front of them can form a space with a triangular cross-section. This space allows the oil to enter the second tank body 120 and the third tank body 130 from then on, and when filled, the oil in the second tank body 120 and the third tank body 130 will only come into contact with a small amount of air in this space, which greatly avoids the occurrence of explosions.

[0029] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 3 The top plate of the third tank body 130 has the same structure as the top plate of the second tank body 120. An oil groove is provided on the top of the partition 300 between the first tank body 110 and the second tank body 120. The horizontal position of the top of the oil groove is lower than the height of the top plate of the first tank body 110, and the horizontal position of the bottom of the oil groove is higher than the height of the top plate of the second tank body 120. The structure of the partition 300 between the second tank body 120 and the third tank body 130 is the same as the structure of the partition 300 between the first tank body 110 and the second tank body 120, and its height is lower than the partition 300 between the first tank body 110 and the second tank body 120. The oil groove enables the oil to flow into the next oil tank from there, and its area is large, and no negative pressure or other phenomena will be generated to hinder the inflow of oil.

[0030] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 The tank shell 100 also includes an outer shell 101 and an inner shell 102. The outer shell 101 and the inner shell 102 are made of high-strength steel plates, wherein the outer shell 101 wraps the inner shell 102, and a self-sealing layer 200 is filled between the outer shell 101 and the inner shell 102. The self-sealing layer 200 is wrapped on the inner side of the outer shell 101 and the outer side of the inner shell 102, covering the entire wall surface, and is composed of two layers of high elasticity layers and an oil-expanding layer, and the oil-expanding layer is arranged between the two high elasticity layers. The high elasticity layer is a high elasticity rebound layer, which will shrink in a short time to reduce the diameter of the bullet hole when pierced by a bullet, thereby reducing the fuel leakage speed; the rubber of the oil-expanding layer will expand and seal the bullet hole after encountering the leaked fuel, further blocking the bullet hole and preventing fuel leakage.

[0031] Reference Figure 2 The bottom and side surfaces of the outer shell 101 are also provided with an anti-fragmentation layer 201, which includes a ceramic layer 2011, an aluminum alloy layer 2012, and a composite material layer 2013 from the outside to the inside. The ceramic layer 2011 is made of AlON ceramic, and the composite material layer 2013 is made of PTFE / Al5-3. The outermost AlON ceramic has high hardness and can induce the rupture of active fragments. Under a certain ceramic thickness, when the back plate is an aluminum alloy, the anti-ballistic effect of the ceramic increases with the increase of the angle, mainly because the lateral component force generated when the projectile acts on the target increases the degree of fragmentation of the projectile, thereby improving the anti-ballistic ability. PTFE / Al is inert under quasi-static or static loads, but can undergo an impact detonation reaction to release a large amount of energy when the projectile hits at high speed, promoting the fragmentation and dispersion of the kinetic energy of the projectile. At the same time, the high-temperature, high-pressure, and high-speed moving detonation products will also produce a reverse impulse on the projectile, and the products are mostly gaseous and have no penetration capability to the rear plate, thereby further reducing the kinetic energy of the projectile fragments and reducing the damage capability to the rear plate.

[0032] Reference Figure 2 , Figure 8A honeycomb structure layer 103 is also provided between the inner shell 102 and the self-sealing layer 200. The honeycomb structure layer 103 is composed of regular hexagonal honeycomb aluminum and circular Kevlar fiber tubes. This structure can absorb the energy of the fragments well and attenuate the speed of the fragments.

[0033] Reference Figure 4 , the first tank body 110, the second tank body 120, and the third tank body 130 are also provided with a number of explosion suppression balls 600. The explosion suppression balls 600 are hollow structures, and their positions in the oil can be controlled by controlling the size of their internal cavities. In most cases, the explosion suppression balls 600 need to float on the surface of the oil to isolate the contact area between the oil and the air, thereby reducing the possibility of oil explosion and the destructive effect caused by the oil explosion. The internal cavity of the explosion suppression ball 600 can also be reduced so that it can be suspended in the middle of the oil, because the oil at the bottom cannot contact the air. Therefore, when the oil above explodes, the explosion suppression ball 600 suspended in the middle can isolate the upper and lower parts of the oil to a certain extent, reducing the harm caused by the explosion. If the attack comes from the lower half of the oil tank, that is, the oil tank body is penetrated, oil leakage occurs, and then an explosion is triggered. The explosion suppression ball 600 can also produce a certain effect of isolating the upper half of the oil, thereby reducing the harm caused by the explosion. It has the characteristics of light weight, high strength, impact resistance and high temperature resistance. The material forms a multi-faceted hollow spherical structure inside the fuel tank, dividing the fuel tank space into many small units, thereby reducing the volatilization area of ​​the fuel and the accumulation of flammable gases, and reducing the possibility of explosion. When the fuel tank collides violently, the barrier explosion suppression material can absorb and disperse the impact energy, reduce the propagation of the shock wave, and thus reduce the intensity and harm of the shock wave. In harsh environments, the porous structure of the barrier explosion suppression material can hinder the propagation path of the flame, and the flame will be weakened when passing through these small holes, reducing the flame energy and preventing the occurrence of explosions. A filter is provided on the oil trough between the first tank body 110, the second tank body 120, and the third tank body 130, and the filter mesh aperture is smaller than the diameter of the explosion suppression ball 600.

[0034] Reference Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7, the first tank body 110, the second tank body 120, and the third tank body 130 are also provided with transverse wave-breaking plates 700, wherein the transverse wave-breaking plates 700 are arranged in parallel with the partition 300,, the first tank body 110, the second tank body 120, and the third tank body 130 are respectively provided with two transverse wave-breaking plates 700, and the center, top, and bottom of the transverse wave-breaking plates 700 are respectively provided with a plurality of oil holes, and the transverse wave-breaking plates 700 can effectively prevent the lateral shaking of the water in the water tank and maintain the stability of the vehicle. This wave-breaking plate is usually installed at the bottom of the water tank truck, spanning the width of the vehicle, and is made of sturdy and durable materials to resist various external shocks and vibrations. During the driving process of the vehicle, especially when passing through uneven roads, the transverse wave-breaking plates 700 help to reduce the lateral fluctuation of the liquid, thereby improving the stability and safety of the vehicle.

[0035] Reference Figure 6 , longitudinal wave-breaking plates 800 are also provided in the first tank body 110, the second tank body 120, and the third tank body 130, wherein the longitudinal wave-breaking plates 800 are arranged inside the first tank body 110, the second tank body 120, and the third tank body 130 perpendicularly to the partition 300, and there are gaps between the top and bottom of the longitudinal wave-breaking plates 800 and the top and bottom plates of the first tank body 110, the second tank body 120, and the third tank body 130. The longitudinal wave-breaking plates 800 are installed along the length direction of the tank truck, which can effectively prevent the liquid from shaking in the longitudinal direction. This design helps to reduce the impact of the liquid on the inner wall of the tank body, reduce the inertial force generated by the liquid fluctuation, and thus improve the stability of the tank truck during driving.

Claims

1. A cascade protection structure with self-sealing and multi-fragment protection functions, characterized in that: The oil tank comprises an oil tank shell (100), a partition (300), an oil inlet and outlet (400), and an oil outlet (500), wherein Two partitions (300) are arranged inside the oil tank shell (100), dividing the inside of the oil tank shell (100) into three independent parts, which are, from front to back, a first tank body (110), a second tank body (120), and a third tank body (130). The top of the first tank body (110), the second tank body (120), and the third tank body (130) are respectively provided with an oil inlet and outlet (400). The volumes of the first tank body (110), the second tank body (120), and the third tank body (130) decrease in order from the front to the back. The top height of the first tank body (110) is higher than that of the second tank body (120), and the top height of the second tank body (120) is higher than that of the third tank body (130). A side of the top of the first tank body (110) close to the second tank body (120) extends toward the top of the second tank body (120) to form a top plate of the second tank body (120) with an inclined angle of 45°. The top plate with the inclined angle is then connected to the horizontal top plate of the second tank body (120) to form a top plate of the second tank body (120) with an inclined front end and a horizontal rear end. The top plate of the third tank body (130) has the same structure as the top plate of the second tank body (120). An oil groove is provided on the top of the partition (300) between the first tank body (110) and the second tank body (120). The top of the oil groove is at a level lower than the top plate of the first tank body (110), and the bottom of the oil groove is at a level higher than the top plate of the second tank body (120). The structure of the partition (300) between the second tank body (120) and the third tank body (130) is the same as the structure of the partition (300) between the first tank body (110) and the second tank body (120), and its height is lower than the partition (300) between the first tank body (110) and the second tank body (120).

2. A cascade protection structure with self-sealing and multi-fragment protection functions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The oil tank shell (100) further comprises an outer shell (101) and an inner shell (102), wherein The outer shell (101) wraps the inner shell (102), and a self-sealing layer (200) is filled between the outer shell (101) and the inner shell (102).

3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that The bottom surface and side surfaces of the outer shell (101) are further provided with an anti-fragmentation layer (201), and the anti-fragmentation layer (201) comprises, from the outside to the inside, a ceramic layer (2011), an aluminum alloy layer (2012), and a composite material layer (2013).

4. The device according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that A honeycomb structure layer (103) is also provided between the inner shell (102) and the self-sealing layer (200).

5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that A plurality of explosion suppression balls (600) are also arranged inside the first tank body (110), the second tank body (120), and the third tank body (130). A filter screen is provided on the oil passage groove between the first tank body (110), the second tank body (120) and the third tank body (130), and the aperture of the filter screen is smaller than the diameter of the explosion suppression ball (600).

6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that The first tank body (110), the second tank body (120), and the third tank body (130) are also provided with transverse wave-breaking plates (700), wherein: The transverse wave-breaking plates (700) are arranged in parallel with the partition plate (300). Two transverse wave-breaking plates (700) are respectively arranged in the first tank body (110), the second tank body (120), and the third tank body (130). A plurality of oil holes are respectively arranged at the center, top and bottom of the transverse wave-breaking plate (700).

7. The device according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that The first tank body (110), the second tank body (120), and the third tank body (130) are also provided with longitudinal wave-breaking plates (800), wherein: The longitudinal wave-breaking plate (800) is arranged perpendicular to the partition plate (300) inside the first tank body (110), the second tank body (120), and the third tank body (130). Gaps are left between the top and bottom of the longitudinal wave-breaking plate (800) and the top and bottom plates of the first tank body (110), the second tank body (120), and the third tank body (130).

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