Hard rock heading machine

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of tunneling equipment with a drilling or cutting tool, and particularly provides a hard rock tunneling machine. The hard rock heading machine comprises a chassis, a guide seat capable of moving back and forth in a guiding mode is installed on the chassis, a cutting device is installed on the guide seat, a guide structure in guiding fit between the guide seat and the chassis comprises a bottom guide structure and a rear guide structure, and the bottom guide structure comprises a sliding block arranged at the bottom of the guide seat and a guide groove formed in the chassis. The rear guiding structure comprises a guiding cylinder arranged on the chassis and a guiding column arranged on the rear portion of the guiding base, and the guiding column is inserted into the guiding cylinder and matched with the guiding cylinder in a rotation stopping and guiding mode. In the excavation and rock breaking process, under the joint cooperation effect of the bottom guiding structure and the rear guiding structure, counter-acting force in different directions can be effectively borne by the guiding structures, and the reliability of the hard rock heading machine under the severe working condition is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of tunneling equipment with drilling or cutting tools, and in particular relates to a hard rock tunneling machine. Background Art

[0002] There is a large demand for short-distance special-section tunnel construction in the underground space development of emerging fields such as water conservancy and hydropower tunnels and mining. Full-section tunnel boring machines (such as TBMs) are large in size, long in length, and not flexible in transfer. At present, the construction of the above-mentioned short-distance special-section tunnels is still mainly completed by cantilever tunnel boring machines. However, traditional cantilever tunnel boring machines are difficult to adapt to hard rock formations with high surrounding rock strength (for example, above 80MPa).

[0003] The invention patent application with application publication number CN117569829A discloses a hard rock tunnel boring machine, which includes a crawler chassis that can move forward and backward along the bottom of a tunnel, a cutting mechanism installed on the chassis, and the cutting mechanism includes a sliding frame, which is sleeved on a guide column, and the sliding frame is also connected to a sliding drive, which can drive the sliding frame to slide forward and backward along the guide column, a turntable is installed on the sliding frame, the rotation axis of the turntable extends vertically, a cutter disc bracket (cutting arm) is hinged on the turntable, the hinge axis of the cutter disc bracket extends horizontally, a lifting drive is provided between the cutter disc bracket and the turntable, and a cutter disc is installed on the cutter disc bracket. At the same time, support mechanisms are provided at multiple locations on the chassis. When excavating and breaking rocks, each support mechanism can extend out to support the tunnel wall to ensure the stability of the entire machine. Under the action of the sliding drive, the sliding frame can move forward to drive the cutter disc to squeeze and break rocks. According to actual construction needs, the turntable can be adjusted to control the left and right swing of the cutter disc bracket, and the lifting drive can be adjusted to control the pitch swing of the cutter disc bracket. Tunnels with different cross-sectional shapes can be dug relatively freely.

[0004] The invention patent with the authorization announcement number CN109915162B discloses a hard rock cutting device, which includes a support frame, which is used to be installed on a tunneling locomotive, and a sliding frame that can slide forward and backward along the support frame is installed on the support frame, and a telescopic oil cylinder that drives the sliding frame to slide forward and backward is connected between the sliding frame and the support frame. Specifically, a telescopic outer cylinder is provided on the support frame, and a telescopic inner cylinder is provided at the rear end of the sliding frame. One end of the telescopic inner cylinder is inserted into the telescopic outer cylinder and can slide forward and backward along the telescopic outer cylinder. A mounting frame is installed on the sliding frame, and a milling cutter disc is installed on the mounting frame. Specifically, the mounting frame is installed on the sliding frame through a cross-axis hinge structure, and four wrist-moving oil cylinders are also connected between the sliding frame and the mounting frame, and the two ends of the wrist-moving oil cylinder are respectively hinged to the sliding frame and the mounting frame through a ball-type hinge structure. When excavating and breaking rocks, the telescopic cylinder drives the sliding frame forward to push the milling cutter head forward to cut and break rocks, and the milling cutter head posture can be adjusted to the action of each wrist cylinder.

[0005] The utility model patent with authorization announcement number CN217028917U of the applicant discloses a flexible arm tunnel boring machine, which includes a vehicle body that can move forward and backward along the bottom of the tunnel, and a front working mechanism is installed on the vehicle body. The front working mechanism can move forward and backward relative to the vehicle body. Specifically, the front working mechanism and the vehicle body are guided forward and backward by a slider guide (slide rail) structure. A flexible arm is installed on the front working mechanism, and the flexible arm includes at least three cylinders. The rear end of each cylinder is connected to the front working mechanism through a universal hinge structure, and the front end is connected to a cutter disc through a universal hinge structure. The posture of the cutter disc can be adjusted by controlling the action of each cylinder. When excavating and breaking rocks, the front working mechanism moves forward to drive the cutter disc to break rocks. The action of each cylinder in the flexible arm can be adjusted according to actual needs to adjust the posture of the cutter disc.

[0006] Analysis of the above existing technologies shows that in the face of the difficulty of excavating hard rock formations, the art generally sets the bracket (arm) with the cutter disc installed on a guide frame (guide seat) that can move forward and backward. When rock breaking is required, the guide frame moves forward and backward, driving the bracket with the cutter disc installed to move forward and backward, and the cutter disc contacts the face to break the rock in a set manner. However, due to the high difficulty of excavating hard rock formations, during actual construction, the whole machine is subjected to strong impact and vibration from the face, and the strength of the related guide structure matched with the guide frame is insufficient, and the reliability under harsh working conditions needs to be improved. Summary of the invention

[0007] The object of the present invention is to provide a hard rock tunneling machine to solve the technical problem in the prior art that the reliability of a guide frame that can move forward and backward and mount a cutting arm in a hard rock tunneling machine is low.

[0008] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution of the hard rock tunnel boring machine provided by the present invention is: A hard rock tunnel boring machine comprises a chassis, a guide seat which can be guided and moved forward and backward is installed on the chassis, a cutting device is installed on the guide seat, a guide structure for guiding and cooperating between the guide seat and the chassis comprises a bottom guide structure and a rear guide structure, the bottom guide structure comprises a slider arranged at the bottom of the guide seat and a guide groove arranged on the chassis, the slider is embedded in the guide groove and slidably cooperates with the guide groove, the rear guide structure comprises a guide cylinder arranged on the chassis and a guide column arranged at the rear of the guide seat, the guide column is inserted into the guide cylinder and cooperates with the guide cylinder for anti-rotation guidance.

[0009] As a further improvement, a through hole is provided on the upper side of the guide cylinder, and an adaptive compensation component is installed at the through hole. The adaptive compensation component includes a cover plate, a joint bearing, a pressure plate and an adjusting screw. The pressure plate is connected to the inner ring of the joint bearing, and the joint bearing and the pressure plate pass through the through hole. The pressure plate is close to the upper surface of the guide column. The cover plate is connected to the guide cylinder and covers the through hole. The adjusting screw is threadedly connected to the cover plate and passes through the cover plate to press on the outer ring of the joint bearing. There are at least three adjusting screws and they are arranged in a set orientation to adjust the depth of the outer ring of the joint bearing by adjusting the screw-in depth of the adjusting screw.

[0010] As a further improvement, an oil filling hole is provided on the cover plate, an oil through hole is provided on the pressure plate, and the oil filling hole, the inner hole of the inner ring of the spherical bearing and the oil through hole are connected to form a grease channel.

[0011] As a further improvement, a backup nut is connected to the adjusting screw.

[0012] As a further improvement, rear lateral supports are installed on the left and right sides of the guide cylinder, and the rear lateral supports have support shoes for tightening the side of the hole wall.

[0013] As a further improvement, a vertical support distributed on the left and right of the guide cylinder is installed on at least one of the front and rear sides of the rear lateral support on the chassis, and the vertical support has a support shoe for tightening the top of the hole wall.

[0014] As a further improvement, front lateral supports are installed on the left and right sides of the chassis in front of the guide seat, and the front lateral supports have support shoes for tightening the side of the hole wall.

[0015] As a further improvement, two guide grooves are provided and installed on the chassis at intervals on the left and right, and the notches of the two guide grooves are arranged opposite to each other or back to back.

[0016] As a further improvement, the cutting device includes a swing table with a swing axis vertically extending from the guide seat, and a cutting arm assembly that can swing up and down is hinged on the swing table. The cutting arm assembly includes a main arm, the rear end of the main arm is hinged to the swing table, and the front end is connected to a rotatable cutter disc or cutting head through a universal hinge structure, and at least three telescopic attitude adjustment drives are connected between the cutter disc or cutting head and the main arm, one end of the attitude adjustment drive is hinged to the cutter disc or cutting head through a universal hinge structure, and the other end is hinged to the main arm through a universal hinge structure.

[0017] As a further improvement, the main arm includes a fixed-length portion and a telescopic portion that can be extended forward and backward relative to the fixed-length portion, the cutter disc or cutting head is connected to the telescopic portion, the posture adjustment drive is hinged to the fixed-length portion, and the telescopic portion and the fixed-length portion are anti-rotationally matched.

[0018] The present invention belongs to an improved invention creation, and its beneficial effect is: when the present invention is implemented, after the chassis moves into place, the guide seat moves forward and backward to drive the cutting device to move, and excavation and rock breaking operations are performed. Different from the prior art, the guide matching structure between the guide seat and the chassis is divided into two parts, namely the bottom guide structure and the rear guide structure. Specifically, the bottom guide structure is a guide structure in which a slider and a guide groove match. Compared with the guide column and slider rail guide structure, the structure in which the slider is embedded in the guide groove is more reliable, and the lateral limiting effect is more reliable; in the rear guide structure, the guide column and the guide seat are matched to prevent rotation, and the reaction force borne by the guide seat can also be borne by the guide cylinder. In general, during the excavation and rock breaking process, under the joint coordinated action of the bottom guide structure and the rear guide structure, the reaction forces in different directions can be effectively borne by the guide structure, thereby improving the reliability of the hard rock tunnel boring machine under harsh working conditions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of a hard rock tunnel boring machine in the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 Vertical section view of the middle swing table; Figure 3 for Figure 1 A vertical sectional view at the middle and rear guide position; Figure 4 for Figure 1 A top view of the middle and rear guide position; Figure 5 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the middle main boom; Figure 6 for Figure 5 Sectional view of the middle main boom; Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of a hard rock tunnel boring machine in the present invention (hiding the cutting device and the guide seat); Figure 8 It is a schematic structural diagram of the lateral support installed in the hard rock tunnel boring machine embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Description of reference numerals: 1. Cutterhead; 2. Cutterhead mounting plate; 3. Attitude adjustment cylinder; 4. Telescopic part; 5. Fixed length part; 6. Pitch cylinder; 7. Swing table; 8. Swing cylinder; 9. Guide seat; 10. Guide column; 11. Propel cylinder; 12. Guide cylinder; 13. Rear lateral support; 14. Mud discharger; 15. Vertical support; 16. Rear support; 17. Slider; 18. Guide groove; 19. Crawler walking mechanism; 20. Front lateral support; 21. Mud scraper; 401. Flat key ; 501, first hinge point; 502, second hinge point; 503, third hinge point; 701, bearing; 702, seal; 1201, cover plate; 1202, fastening screw; 1203, spare nut; 1204, adjusting screw; 1205, spherical bearing; 1206, pressure plate; 1207, oil filling hole; 1208, oil hole; 1209, connecting screw; 1301, support arm; 1302, support shoe cylinder; 1303, shoe plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] In order to provide a hard rock tunnel boring machine with higher reliability, the basic technical concept of the present invention is to improve the guide seat and the guide structure of the chassis that can move forward and backward relative to the chassis, so that the reaction forces from different directions during the excavation and rock breaking process can be transmitted to the chassis by the guide structure. Specifically, the guide structure includes a bottom guide structure and a rear guide structure. During the excavation and rock breaking process, the bottom and rear of the guide seat can be reliably limited. The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0022] Specific embodiments of the hard rock tunnel boring machine provided by the present invention: The hard rock tunnel boring machine provided in this embodiment is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, it is also a tunnel boring machine based on a self-propelled chassis as a whole. Specifically, the chassis can be a chassis equipped with a crawler walking mechanism 19. A guide seat 9 is installed on the chassis, and the guide seat 9 can move forward and backward along the chassis. Of course, in order to drive the guide seat 9 to move forward and backward, a propulsion device is connected between the guide seat 9 and the chassis, and a propulsion cylinder 11 is preferably used. At the same time, a cutting device is installed on the guide seat 9. During construction, after the chassis moves to a designated position close to the face, the guide seat 9 moves forward, thereby driving the cutting device forward, and the cutter disc 1 or cutting head configured by the cutting device can excavate the face. When excavating hard rock formations, the reaction force from the face is extremely large, which also puts forward new requirements for the guide structure of the guide seat 9 and the chassis guide.

[0023] As a most basic implementation method, the guide structure between the guide seat 9 and the chassis includes a bottom guide structure and a rear guide structure. In other words, the bottom and rear of the guide seat 9 are both matched with the chassis guide. Figure 2As shown, the bottom guide structure adopts the form of a slider 17 and a guide groove 18 (slide groove), wherein the slider 17 is installed on the guide seat 9, the guide groove 18 is installed on the chassis, the slider 17 is embedded in the guide groove 18 and cooperates with the guide groove 18, and the guide groove 18 can form a covering effect on the slider 17, so as to achieve a better limiting effect. The rear guide structure includes a guide column 10 installed at the rear of the guide seat 9 and a guide cylinder 12 installed on the chassis, the guide column 10 is inserted into the guide cylinder 12, wherein the guide column 10 can be a hollow column or a solid column. In order to achieve a better effect of limiting and transmitting torque, the guide column 10 and the guide cylinder 12 should be anti-rotationally matched, and the anti-rotation matching here can be adopted in a variety of ways, such as using splines, flat keys, etc., or designing the matching surface of the guide cylinder 12 and the guide column 10 to be a polygonal structure (such as four sides, six sides, etc.).

[0024] In this embodiment, the bottom guide structure and the rear guide structure cooperate with each other so that the guide seat 9 is reliably restricted in a certain position during the construction process, and the reaction force from the face can be transmitted to the chassis through the guide groove 18 and the guide cylinder 12, thereby improving the reliability of the guide seat 9 and the chassis guide matching position.

[0025] Considering that there are inevitable errors when assembling the various parts, as a preferred embodiment, Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, the guide cylinder 12 is a rectangular cylinder, and the guide column 10 is a rectangular column. The rectangle here means that the cross-sections of the guide cylinder 12 and the guide column 10 are rectangular structures. An adaptive compensation component is installed on the upper side of the guide cylinder 12. Accordingly, the guide cylinder 12 is provided with a through hole at the position where the adaptive compensation component is installed. Specifically, the adaptive compensation component includes a cover plate 1201, a joint bearing 1205, a pressure plate 1206 and an adjusting screw 1204. The pressure plate 1206 is connected to the inner ring of the joint bearing 1205, and a connecting screw 1209 can be used. Of course, the possibility of welding is not excluded in other embodiments. The joint bearing 1205 and the pressure plate 1206 pass through the through hole set on the guide cylinder 12, and the pressure plate 1206 is close to the upper surface of the guide column 10. When the guide column 10 slides forward and backward, the pressure plate 1206 and the guide column 10 slide together. The cover plate 1201 is connected to the guide cylinder 12, and a fastening screw 1202 can be used. Of course, the possibility of welding is not excluded in other embodiments. The cover plate 1201 covers the through hole on the guide cylinder 12 to prevent slag and stone from entering the through hole. The adjusting screw 1204 is threadedly connected to the cover plate 1201, that is, a threaded through hole is provided on the cover plate 1201, and the lower end of the adjusting screw 1204 is pressed on the outer ring of the spherical bearing 1205. At least three adjusting screws 1204 should be provided, and each adjusting screw 1204 is arranged at a set azimuth interval. For example, when there are three adjusting screws 1204, the three adjusting screws 1204 can be evenly distributed at 120 degree intervals in the circumferential direction of the outer ring of the spherical bearing 1205. In this way, by adjusting the screw-in depth of the adjusting screw 1204, the depth of the outer ring of the spherical bearing 1205 can be changed, so as to ensure that in the case of assembly errors, the pressure plate 1206 can still be close to the guide column 10 to compensate for the errors. Specifically, if Figure 4 As shown, two sets of adaptive compensation components can be provided according to the length of the guide tube 12. Of course, in other embodiments, it is not excluded that only one set of adaptive compensation components or even more may be provided.

[0026] It should be noted that an implementation method in which the cross-sections of the guide cylinder 12 and the guide column 10 are both rectangular is given above. However, those skilled in the art will understand that in fact, in other equivalent alternative implementation methods, the cross-sections of the guide cylinder 12 and the guide column 10 can also be regular polygons, such as regular hexagons, which can also play the role of anti-rotation guide and meet the normal installation requirements of the adaptive compensation component.

[0027] In a further preferred embodiment, Figure 3 As shown, the cover plate 1201 is provided with an oil filling hole 1207, and the pressure plate 1206 is provided with an oil through hole 1208. The oil through hole 1208, the oil filling hole 1207 and the inner hole of the inner ring of the spherical bearing 1205 constitute a grease channel, and oil can be injected through the grease channel, thereby reducing the friction between the guide column 10 and the guide cylinder 12.

[0028] In a further preferred embodiment, Figure 3 As shown, the adjusting screw 1204 is also connected to a backup nut 1203. After the adjusting screw 1204 is screwed into place, the backup nut 1203 can be tightened to prevent the adjusting screw 1204 from loosening, thereby making the connection of the adaptive compensation component more reliable.

[0029] As a preferred embodiment of the bottom guide structure, Figure 2 As shown, there are two guide grooves 18, and the two guide grooves 18 are arranged at intervals on the left and right, and the notches are opposite (facing inward), and the sliders 17 are respectively installed on the left and right sides of the bottom of the guide seat 9, and the two sliders 17 are respectively embedded in the corresponding guide grooves 18. The slider 17 can be a complete long strip slider 17, and the length of the slider 17 can be close to or slightly shorter than the length of the guide groove 18. Of course, the notches of the two guide grooves 18 can also be arranged back to back (facing outward), and in this case, the structure of the guide seat 9 needs to be adaptively changed to ensure that the slider 17 is smoothly embedded in the guide groove 18. In order to ensure the stability of the installation of the guide groove 18, a reinforcing rib plate can be set between the guide groove 18 and the slider 17. Compared with the implementation method in which the notch of the guide groove 18 is arranged upward, in this implementation method, debris such as slag is not easy to enter the guide groove 18, which further improves reliability.

[0030] In order to improve the stability of the whole machine during the excavation process, in this embodiment, Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 7 As shown, the left and right sides of the guide cylinder 12 are equipped with rear lateral supports 13, and the rear lateral supports 13 have support shoes for tightening the side of the hole wall. Specifically, the support shoe structure is the prior art. Figure 8 For example, it includes a support arm 1301, a shoe support cylinder 1302 and a shoe plate 1303. The support arm 1301 is a telescopic arm. Under the driving action of the shoe support cylinder 1302, the telescopic output end of the support arm 1301 can be extended outward to drive the shoe plate 1303 to be close to the tunnel wall. During the construction process, the reaction force borne by the guide cylinder 12 can be directly transmitted to the tunnel wall by the rear lateral support 13.

[0031] Furthermore, if Figure 1 and Figure 4 As shown, the part of the chassis located at the front and rear sides of the rear lateral support 13 is also equipped with vertical supports 15, which are distributed on the left and right sides of the guide cylinder 12, and the vertical supports 15 have support shoes for tightening the top of the tunnel wall. Its specific structure is consistent with the rear lateral support 13, and the shape of the shoe plate 1303 can be flexibly designed according to actual needs, which will not be described in detail here. During the construction process, the reaction force borne by the rear of the tunnel boring machine can be directly transmitted to the tunnel wall by the vertical supports 15.

[0032] It should be noted that in some embodiments, due to the limited space of the whole machine, only one side of the space on the chassis between the front and rear sides of the rear lateral support 13 can be used to install the vertical support 15. In practice, the vertical support 15 can be installed only on one side with space. Of course, in the case of insufficient space, the vertical support 15 can be flexibly installed in other positions.

[0033] In another preferred embodiment, the chassis is provided with front transverse supports 20 on the left and right sides in front of the guide seat 9. The front transverse supports 20 have grippers for tightening the side of the tunnel wall. Similarly, the specific structure of the grippers will not be described in detail. During the construction process, the reaction force borne by the guide groove 18 can be directly transmitted to the tunnel wall by the front transverse supports 20. The grippers of the front transverse supports 20 on the left and right sides can be installed on the same bracket, so that the front transverse supports 20 on both sides can form an integral structure with greater stability.

[0034] The cutting device installed on the guide seat 9 can be a prior art, such as a flexible arm type cutting device in the prior art. However, in this embodiment, the cutting device installed on the guide seat 9 is Figure 1 As shown, it includes a swing table 7, the swing axis of the swing table 7 extends vertically, specifically, as Figure 2 As shown, a bearing 701 and a seal 702 for sealing the bearing 701 are arranged between the swing table 7 and the guide seat 9. In order to drive the swing table 7 to swing, a sway cylinder 8 is also connected between the swing table 7 and the guide seat 9. Of course, in other embodiments, if the bearing 701 is a slewing bearing with a gear ring, a hydraulic motor or an electric motor can be selected to drive the swing table 7 to swing. A cutting arm assembly that can swing up and down is hinged on the swing table 7. Specifically, a pitch cylinder 6 is connected between the cutting arm assembly and the swing table 7, and the cutting arm assembly can be driven to swing up and down by controlling the pitch cylinder 6. The cutting arm assembly includes a main arm, the rear end of the main arm is hinged with the swing table 7, and the front end is connected to a rotatable cutter disc 1 through a universal hinge structure. Specifically, the cutter disc 1 is connected to the front end of the main arm through a cutter disc mounting plate 2, and the driving device for driving the cutter disc 1 to rotate is installed on the cutter disc mounting plate 2. Of course, in other embodiments, the situation where the front end of the main arm is connected to a rotatable cutting head cannot be ruled out. The cutter disc 1 can also be a frustum-shaped cutter disc 1, and a roller cutter is installed on the main body of the cutter disc 1. Three telescopic attitude adjustment drives, such as attitude adjustment cylinders 3, are also connected between the cutter disc 1 and the main arm. One end of the attitude adjustment cylinder 3 is hinged to the cutter disc 1 through a universal hinge structure, and the other end is hinged to the main arm through a universal hinge structure. By controlling the extension and retraction of different attitude adjustment cylinders 3, the swing of the cutter disc 1 relative to its connection with the main arm can be adjusted to adjust the cutter disc 1 to a suitable posture, and the rock is broken by cantilever cutting by utilizing the characteristics of rock that is resistant to compression but not shear. Of course, if space permits, four or even more attitude adjustment cylinders 3 can also be installed. In addition, when a cutting head is selected, the connection method of the cutting head can be consistent with that of the cutter disc 1.

[0035] Compared with the flexible arm type cutting device, the reaction force of the cutter head 1 breaking the rock can be mainly borne by the main arm, and does not completely rely on the posture adjustment cylinder 3, which can improve the force of the posture adjustment cylinder 3.

[0036] It should be noted that the universal joint structure between the main arm and the cutter disc 1 preferably adopts a Hook joint, which can make the cutter disc 1 have a larger swing angle than a ball joint. For the attitude adjustment cylinder 3, the universal joint structure adopted at both ends can be a Hook joint or a ball joint. However, if the attitude adjustment drive adopts an electric push rod or an electric cylinder, the universal joint structure adopted at both ends should be a ball joint.

[0037] The specific structure of the main arm is as follows: Figure 5 As shown, it includes three hinge points, namely a first hinge point 501 hinged to the swing table 7, a second hinge point 502 hinged to the pitch cylinder 6, and a third hinge point 503 hinged to the attitude adjustment cylinder 3.

[0038] In a further preferred embodiment, Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the main arm is a telescopic structure that can be extended and retracted. Specifically, the main arm includes a fixed-length portion 5 and a telescopic portion 4. The telescopic portion 4 can be extended and retracted relative to the fixed-length portion 5. The cutter head 1 is installed on the telescopic portion 4. The posture adjustment cylinder 3 is hinged on the fixed-length portion 5. The telescopic portion 4 and the fixed-length portion 5 are anti-rotation matched. Here, the anti-rotation match can use a flat key 401, a spline or other components as anti-rotation components. Alternatively, the telescopic portion 4 and the fixed-length portion 5 are set to a polygonal structure consistent with the guide column 10 and the guide cylinder 12. By controlling the movement of the posture adjustment cylinder 3, the telescopic portion 4 can be driven to move along the fixed-length portion 5, so that the posture adjustment of the cutter head 1 is more flexible. For example, after the main arm swings up or down by a certain amplitude, if the length of the main arm is not variable, the trajectory of the cutter head 1 should be arc-shaped. In order to make the cutter head 1 contact the palm face, in fact, the adjustable posture of the cutter head 1 is already very limited. However, in this embodiment, after the fixed length portion 5 swings upward or downward by a certain amplitude, the telescopic portion 4 can be extended forward, so that the cutter head 1 can be close to the tunnel face, and the attitude of the cutter head 1 can be flexibly adjusted according to the rock breaking angle. Similarly, when a cutting head is selected, the connection method of the cutting head can be consistent with that of the cutter head 1.

[0039] In addition, if Figure 1The tunnel boring machine also includes a scraper 21, a slag discharger 14, and a rear support 16 that are consistent with the current conventional cantilever tunnel boring machines. During the construction process, after the tunnel boring machine is moved into place, the scraper 21, the rear support 16, and the above-mentioned front lateral support 20, rear lateral support 13, and vertical support 15 simultaneously hold the tunnel wall tight, lift the crawler walking mechanism 19 (not too high), control the guide seat 9 to move forward, and reasonably adjust the rock breaking angle of the cutter head 1 to start the rock breaking operation. The slag that falls to the bottom can be collected by the scraper 21, and transported backward by the slag discharger 14, and finally sent out of the tunnel by a slag truck or a continuous belt conveyor. After completing a stroke, the tunnel boring machine continues to move forward and starts the next tunneling cycle.

[0040] Finally, it should be noted that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the aforementioned embodiments without creative work, or replace some of the technical features therein with equivalents. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hard rock tunnel boring machine, comprising a chassis, a guide seat which can be moved forward and backward, and a cutting device installed on the guide seat, wherein: The guiding structure for guiding cooperation between the guide seat and the chassis includes a bottom guiding structure and a rear guiding structure. The bottom guiding structure includes a slider arranged at the bottom of the guide seat and a guide groove arranged on the chassis. The slider is embedded in the guide groove and slidingly cooperates with the guide groove. The rear guiding structure includes a guide cylinder arranged on the chassis and a guide column arranged at the rear of the guide seat. The guide column is inserted into the guide cylinder and cooperates with the guide cylinder for anti-rotation guidance.

2. The hard rock tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: A through hole is provided on the upper side of the guide cylinder, and an adaptive compensation component is installed at the through hole. The adaptive compensation component includes a cover plate, a spherical bearing, a pressure plate and an adjusting screw. The pressure plate is connected to the inner ring of the spherical bearing, and the spherical bearing and the pressure plate pass through the through hole. The pressure plate is close to the upper surface of the guide column. The cover plate is connected to the guide cylinder and covers the through hole. The adjusting screw is threadedly connected to the cover plate and passes through the cover plate to press on the outer ring of the spherical bearing. There are at least three adjusting screws and they are arranged in a set orientation so that the depth of the outer ring of the spherical bearing can be adjusted by adjusting the screw-in depth of the adjusting screw.

3. The hard rock tunnel boring machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cover plate is provided with an oil filling hole, the pressure plate is provided with an oil through hole, and the oil filling hole, the inner hole of the inner ring of the spherical bearing and the oil through hole are connected to form a grease channel.

4. The hard rock tunnel boring machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: A backup nut is attached to the adjusting screw.

5. The hard rock tunnel boring machine according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The left and right sides of the guide cylinder are provided with rear lateral supports, and the rear lateral supports are provided with support shoes for supporting the side of the hole wall.

6. The hard rock tunnel boring machine according to claim 5, characterized in that: At least one of the front and rear sides of the rear lateral support on the chassis is provided with vertical supports distributed on the left and right sides of the guide cylinder, and the vertical supports are provided with support shoes for supporting the top of the hole wall.

7. The hard rock tunnel boring machine according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: Front lateral supports are installed on the chassis at the left and right sides in front of the guide seat, and the front lateral supports have support shoes for supporting the side of the hole wall.

8. The hard rock tunnel boring machine according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: Two guide grooves are provided and are installed on the chassis at intervals on the left and right sides, and the notches of the two guide grooves are arranged opposite to each other or back to back.

9. The hard rock tunnel boring machine according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The cutting device includes a swing table with a swing axis vertically extending from a guide seat, a cutting arm assembly that can swing up and down is hinged on the swing table, and the cutting arm assembly includes a main arm, the rear end of the main arm is hinged to the swing table, and the front end is connected to a rotatable cutter disc or cutting head through a universal hinge structure, at least three telescopic attitude adjustment drives are connected between the cutter disc or cutting head and the main arm, one end of the attitude adjustment drive is hinged to the cutter disc or cutting head through a universal hinge structure, and the other end is hinged to the main arm through a universal hinge structure.

10. The hard rock tunnel boring machine according to claim 9, characterized in that: The main arm includes a fixed length part and a telescopic part which can be telescoped forward and backward relative to the fixed length part. The cutter disc or cutting head is connected to the telescopic part, the posture adjustment drive is hinged to the fixed length part, and the telescopic part and the fixed length part are anti-rotationally matched.

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