Tunnel ascending construction method

Abstract

The invention discloses a tunnel climbing construction method, which is characterized in that a rack for supporting each functional part is arranged in a tunnel, and comprises the following steps of: 1, carrying out arching operation: transferring an arching frame from the rack to an arching area through an arching mechanism, and carrying out arching operation on the arching frame in a specified area of a tunneled tunnel through an arching mechanism; 2, anchoring operation is carried out, specifically, anchoring operation is carried out on the arch frame subjected to arch erecting, and while anchoring operation is carried out, a deslagging mechanism carries out deslagging operation through an access channel; and thirdly, guniting operation is carried out, guniting operation is carried out on the anchored arch frame through a guniting mechanism, and meanwhile, the tunneling mechanism carries out tunneling operation on the tunnel face and / or the deslagging mechanism carries out deslagging operation through the access channel. According to the construction method provided by the scheme, tunneling and supporting are integrated, alternate work of multiple devices is not needed, meanwhile, the operation mode of excavating while spraying and excavating while deslagging is adopted, rapid excavating, rapid supporting and parallel operation are achieved, and the construction efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, and in particular to a tunnel upper road construction method. Background Art

[0002] Tunnel excavation construction currently mainly includes: the traditional manual gantry as the working platform, the handheld or hydraulic drilling rig as the tool, and the mechanized construction method with the drilling rig or non-explosive tunnel boring machine as the main construction equipment.

[0003] The manual excavation method is flexible and adaptable, especially suitable for working conditions with complex and variable surrounding rocks, but the manual work is intensive and risky. At the same time, with the rapid growth of labor costs, the construction equipment manufacturing technology continues to develop and innovate, and the manual excavation method has been replaced by mechanized construction. The drilling operation of tunnel excavation using a rock drilling rig has become a common method in the construction of drill and blast tunnels at home and abroad. However, in the actual excavation process, it is often encountered that blasting operations are prohibited in certain places, such as urban areas, residential areas, scenic spots, etc.

[0004] Therefore, the construction method using mechanized trolleys as the main construction equipment is very suitable for our needs, and basically solves the defects of low manual operation efficiency, high risk, high labor cost and limited construction site of drilling and blasting method. However, in the current tunnel construction process, it is necessary to carry out tunneling, arch erection, shotcrete spraying and anchor bolt installation in an orderly manner. The excavation equipment first carries out the excavation operation. When the slag accumulates to a certain amount, the excavation equipment needs to withdraw, and then the loader and slag truck enter to remove the slag. The slag removal operation and excavation operation cannot be carried out at the same time, resulting in the excavation efficiency being affected. The whole process requires multiple equipment to enter the site one after another, which takes a lot of time for the equipment to enter and exit, resulting in low construction efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a tunnel upper road construction method to solve the problems in the prior art of tunnel upper road construction, such as the existing construction process cycle, frequent equipment entry and exit of the tunnel, a large amount of construction time is wasted, and the excavation advance efficiency is seriously affected.

[0006] The present invention is achieved through the following scheme:

[0007] A tunnel construction method, in which a stand for supporting various functional components is arranged in the tunnel, and an inlet and outlet passage for cooperating with slag discharge operation is arranged under or on at least one side of the stand; the method comprises the following steps:

[0008] Step 1: Arch erection operation: the arch frame is transported from the platform to the arch erection area by the arch transport mechanism, and then the arch frame is erected in the specified area of ​​the tunnel that has been excavated by the arch erection mechanism; while the arch erection operation is being carried out, the slag discharge mechanism performs slag discharge operation through the inlet and outlet channels according to the amount of remaining slag;

[0009] Step 2: Anchoring operation: Anchoring operation is performed on the arch frame after the arch is erected. While the anchoring operation is being performed, the slag discharge mechanism discharges the slag through the inlet and outlet channels according to the amount of remaining slag;

[0010] Step 3: Shotcrete operation: the anchored arch frame is shotcretely operated by the shotcrete mechanism. At the same time, the excavation mechanism excavates the face and / or the slag discharge mechanism discharges slag through the inlet and outlet channels.

[0011] In step three, when the slag is discharged, the excavation operation is carried out on the left and right sides of the face by setting up the excavation mechanism at the front end of the gantry. At this time, the slag is discharged by moving the loader to the face and transporting the slag generated by the excavation to a place far away from the coverage of the gantry.

[0012] When performing the slag discharge operation, the loader enters the tunnel face from the bottom of the frame or at least one side of the frame.

[0013] In step three, during the slag discharge operation, the excavation operation is carried out on the left and right sides of the heading face through the excavation mechanism arranged at the front end of the gantry. At this time, the slag discharge mechanism is the auxiliary digging arm and the conveying system arranged at the front end of the gantry; the transport vehicle moves to the end of the conveying system, and the auxiliary digging arm pushes the slag generated by the excavation to the front end of the conveying system. The conveying system automatically transports the slag to the transport vehicle, and the transport vehicle moves it out of the tunnel.

[0014] The conveying system discharges slag from the bottom of the platform; or discharges slag from at least one side of the platform; or discharges slag from the bottom of the platform first, and then passes through the platform to discharge slag from at least one side of the platform.

[0015] In step three, the shotcreting operation includes the re-shotcreting operation or the shotcreting operation includes the initial shotcreting operation and the re-shotcreting operation; the initial shotcreting operation performs shotcreting support on the excavated face, the re-shotcreting operation performs shotcreting on the fixed arch frame, and the excavation mechanism performs excavation operation on the face in an area away from the re-shotcreting operation. The excavation operation can at least be carried out in parallel with the re-shotcreting operation.

[0016] The initial shotcrete operation, specifically, the material supply part is connected with the pumping system in the shotcrete mechanism, and the shotcrete operation is carried out on the wall of the initially excavated tunnel through the shotcrete mechanism; the slag removal operation is to move the loader to the heading face and transport the slag produced by excavation to a place far away from the coverage range of the platform.

[0017] The re-spraying operation is specifically as follows: the material supply part is connected with the pumping system in the spraying mechanism; the spraying operation is carried out on the assembled arch frames on both sides of the tunnel through the spraying mechanism arranged at the front end of the gantry; when the spraying operation is being carried out, the excavation mechanism carries out excavation operation on the end face on one side of the heading face, and the spraying mechanism carries out spraying operation on the end face on the other side of the heading face; the excavation mechanism and the spraying mechanism operate in a staggered manner, and the slag discharge mechanism transports the slag on the heading face out of the heading face through the inlet and outlet channels.

[0018] When the shotcrete operation includes the initial shotcrete operation and the re-shotcrete operation, it is ensured that the excavation operation of the next excavation area is completed before the re-shotcrete operation is completed, so that the initial shotcrete operation of the next excavation area can be continued after the re-shotcrete operation is completed.

[0019] In step one: the arch erection operation specifically includes arch frame transportation and arch frame installation operations. A transport structure for transporting the arch frame and an arch erection structure for installing the arch frame are provided on the platform; the arch frame is transported from the side of the platform away from the tunnel face to the side close to the tunnel face, and the arch erection structure grabs the arch frame and installs it.

[0020] In another scheme, when transporting the arch frame, it is first necessary to lift the arch frame to a predetermined position through a lifting mechanism, and then transport it to the tunnel face with the assistance of a mechanical grab arm. After the transportation is completed, the vertical arch structure grabs the arch frame near the tunnel face and lifts it to the installation position for arch frame installation.

[0021] In another scheme, when transporting the arch frame, it is first necessary to lift the arch frame to a predetermined position through a lifting mechanism, and then automatically transport the arch frame through an automatic transmission support structure to complete the erection and transportation of the arch frame; after the transportation is completed, the vertical arch structure grabs the arch frame near the face and lifts it to the installation position to carry out the arch frame installation operation.

[0022] In another scheme, when transporting the arch frame, it is first necessary to lift the arch frame to a predetermined position through a lifting mechanism, and then move the supporting structure out of the range of the platform through a movable supporting structure to cooperate with the lifting mechanism to complete the erection and transportation of the arch frame; after the transportation is completed, the vertical arch structure grabs the arch frame near the face and lifts it to the installation position to carry out the arch frame installation operation.

[0023] In step one, during the arch frame transfer process, anchor rod transportation operations are simultaneously carried out under the frame.

[0024] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0025] 1. This scheme provides a tunnel upper construction method that integrates excavation (including slag discharge) and support (frame, anchor, shotcrete) into one, without the need for multiple devices to work alternately. At the same time, it adopts the operation mode of excavating and spraying, excavating and slag discharge, realizing fast excavation and support and parallel operation, thus improving construction efficiency.

[0026] When using traditional construction procedures, equipment needs to frequently enter and exit the site within a construction cycle, causing safety hazards during the transition, wasting a lot of time, and affecting construction efficiency. The present invention solves the problem of equipment needing to frequently enter and exit the tunnel by using a tunnel construction method. The gantry can integrate functions such as excavation, arch installation, anchor construction, and wet spraying operations. By using different components to replace frequently replaced equipment during different construction operations, the purpose of saving equipment transition time in and out of the tunnel is achieved. At the same time, through multiple parallel operations such as spraying during excavation, slag removal during excavation, and arch loading during anchor construction, the single operation cycle time is further shortened, thereby improving construction efficiency and reducing safety hazards.

[0027] Reference numerals

[0028] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the trolley and its upper components in Example 2;

[0029] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the process steps of this process;

[0030] Figure 3 A flowchart for the overall construction work;

[0031] Reference numerals: 1, trolley; 2, excavation arm; 3, anchor bolt mechanism; 4, arch spraying integrated arm frame; 5, side arch arm; 6, arch frame lifting mechanism, DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] All features disclosed in this specification, or steps in all methods or processes disclosed, except mutually exclusive features and / or steps, can be combined in any manner.

[0033] Any feature disclosed in this specification (including any additional claims and abstract), unless otherwise stated, may be replaced by other equivalent or alternative features having similar purposes. That is, unless otherwise stated, each feature is only an example of a series of equivalent or similar features.

[0034] In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "up", "down", "left", "right", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a predetermined direction, be constructed and operated in a predetermined direction, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0035] In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first", "second", etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features.

[0036] In the prior art, when using a mechanized construction method with non-explosive tunnel boring machines as the main construction equipment, the process connection requires frequent operation of equipment in and out of the tunnel. For example, when the non-explosive tunnel boring machine completes the excavation and excavation operation, it is necessary to drive the non-explosive tunnel boring machine out of the tunnel, and then operate the excavator and shovel truck to enter the tunnel for slag removal; after the slag removal is completed, it is necessary to operate the excavator and shovel truck to drive out of the tunnel, and operate the arch anchor trolley to enter the tunnel for support operations; after the support operations are completed, it is necessary to operate the arch anchor trolley to drive out of the tunnel, and operate the wet spraying machine equipment to enter the tunnel for spraying operations. During the entire process cycle, the equipment frequently enters and exits the tunnel, which delays a lot of construction time and seriously affects the footage efficiency. Therefore, the application for talent is to improve the construction method.

[0037] Example 1

[0038] like Figure 2-3 As shown; the present invention provides a technical solution:

[0039] A tunnel construction method, in which a stand for supporting various functional components is arranged in the tunnel, and an inlet and outlet passage for cooperating with slag discharge operation is arranged under or on at least one side of the stand; the method comprises the following steps:

[0040] Step 1: Arch erection operation: the arch frame is transported from the platform to the arch erection area by the arch transport mechanism, and then the arch frame is erected in the specified area of ​​the tunnel that has been excavated by the arch erection mechanism; and the welding operation of the arch frame mesh and connecting ribs is completed; while the arch erection operation is being carried out, the slag discharge mechanism performs slag discharge operation through the inlet and outlet channels according to the amount of remaining slag;

[0041] In this scheme, during the arch erection operation, according to the actual situation of the remaining slag amount, the on-site operators will discharge the slag according to the actual situation of the remaining slag amount on site. If there is slag on the tunnel face, the operators can simultaneously perform the slag discharge operation through the slag discharge mechanism; if there is no slag on the tunnel face, the operators will not perform the slag discharge operation.

[0042] In step one, during the arch frame transfer process, anchor rod transportation operations are simultaneously carried out under the scaffolding, so that anchor rod transportation and arch frame transfer are carried out simultaneously, saving the overall construction time.

[0043] Step 2: Anchoring operation: Anchoring operation is performed on the arch frame after the arch is erected. While the anchoring operation is being performed, the slag discharge mechanism discharges the slag through the inlet and outlet channels according to the amount of remaining slag;

[0044] In this scheme, during the anchoring operation, according to the actual situation of the remaining slag amount, the on-site operators will discharge the slag according to the actual situation of the remaining slag amount on site. If there is slag on the face, the operators can simultaneously perform the slag discharge operation through the slag discharge mechanism; if there is no slag on the face, the operators will not perform the slag discharge operation.

[0045] Specifically, locking foot anchors are installed on the assembled arch frame, and system anchors are installed on the arch frame in the specified area according to the specifications. At the same time, advance anchors are installed based on the comparison between the excavation depth and the projection of the previous advance anchor on the horizontal plane. While the locking foot anchors, system anchors or advance anchors are being installed, the slag discharge mechanism performs slag discharge operations through the entry and exit channels.

[0046] In this scheme, the anchoring operation can be locking foot anchoring, system anchoring and advance anchoring. After the arch frame is installed, it is necessary to carry out locking foot anchoring on the arch frame at the bottom of the upper construction surface, so as to achieve the fixed installation of the bottom of the arch frame. During the advancement of the arch frame installation in the tunnel, the system anchors need to be driven at a prescribed distance along the depth direction of the tunnel. The system anchors are driven into the positions of both sides of the tunnel with a predetermined length of anchors, and the system anchors are welded to the arch frame as a whole, so as to increase the whole arch frame system and The fixing effect of the rock mass improves the safety of the arch system. Therefore, the system anchoring operation needs to be carried out according to the specified size. The advance anchoring operation is to drive the advance anchor in the oblique upward direction of the heading face. It is used to support the area before the heading face during the excavation of the heading face by the excavation mechanism to avoid large-scale collapse. Therefore, the advance anchoring operation needs to be carried out according to the overall advancement direction toward the heading face. When the end position of the previous advance anchor in the vertical direction is about to be reached, the next advance anchor needs to be driven in.

[0047] The specific operation steps of the anchor rod are: the anchor rod construction mechanical arm first drills the hole, then fills in the anchoring agent, and then inserts the anchor rod.

[0048] Step 3: Shotcrete operation: the anchored arch frame is shotcretely operated by the shotcrete mechanism. At the same time, the excavation mechanism excavates the face and / or the slag discharge mechanism discharges slag through the inlet and outlet channels.

[0049] In step three, the shotcreting operation includes the re-shotcreting operation or the shotcreting operation includes the initial shotcreting operation and the re-shotcreting operation; the initial shotcreting operation performs shotcreting support on the excavated face, the re-shotcreting operation performs shotcreting on the fixed arch frame, and the excavation mechanism performs excavation operation on the face in an area away from the re-shotcreting operation. The excavation operation can at least be carried out in parallel with the re-shotcreting operation.

[0050] The initial spraying operation uses the spraying mechanism to spray the excavated tunnel wall with initial concrete. At the same time, the slag discharge mechanism performs slag discharge operations through the inlet and outlet channels. The initial spraying of concrete can fill the gaps in the tunnel wall, effectively reducing the risk of stratum deformation and tunnel collapse, thereby increasing the bearing capacity and stability of the tunnel. It can also fill the cracks and gaps in the tunnel wall, reduce the penetration of water and air, thereby improving the sealing of the tunnel and ensuring the air quality and safety inside the tunnel. At this time, the excavation mechanism performs excavation operations on the face in an area far away from the secondary spraying operation.

[0051] In step three, when the slag discharge operation is carried out, the excavation operation is carried out on the left and right sides of the face by setting up the excavation mechanism at the front end of the gantry. At this time, the slag discharge operation is carried out by moving the loader to the face, and the slag generated by the excavation is transported to a transport vehicle far away from the coverage of the gantry for transportation away. The maximum height of the loader does not exceed the minimum height of the entrance and exit channel in the gantry.

[0052] In this solution, when the loader is performing the slag discharge operation, it can enter the tunnel face from the bottom of the frame or at least one side of the frame.

[0053] This solution can greatly save tunnel construction time by carrying out slag removal operations and excavation operations simultaneously, avoid the waste of construction time and construction process caused by repeated entry and exit of different work vehicles, and improve construction efficiency.

[0054] In step three, during the slag discharge operation, the excavation operation is carried out on the left and right sides of the heading face through the excavation mechanism arranged at the front end of the frame. At this time, the slag discharge mechanism is the auxiliary digging arm and the conveying system arranged at the front end of the frame; the transport vehicle moves to the end of the conveying system, and the auxiliary digging arm pushes the slag generated by the excavation to the front end of the conveying system. The conveying system automatically transports the slag to the transport vehicle, and moves it out of the tunnel through the transport vehicle; the conveying system can be a conveyor belt structure driven by a power mechanism.

[0055] In this solution, the conveying system can discharge slag from the bottom of the platform; or discharge slag from at least one side of the platform; or discharge slag from the bottom of the platform first, and then pass through the platform to discharge slag from at least one side of the platform. Since slag is easily accumulated at the bottom of the tunnel face, the conveying system can quickly collect slag at the bottom of the platform. At the same time, in order to avoid interference with the rear side parts of the platform, the conveying system is set to a "Z"-shaped structure that discharges slag from the platform first, then passes through the side position of the platform and finally discharges slag from the side of the platform. This can make the slag discharge operation more efficient.

[0056] This solution uses another slag discharge mechanism to realize automatic slag discharge operations on both sides of the trolley, so that it can adapt to different construction environments. Since there is no need to set an entry and exit channel at the bottom of the trolley, the trolley can be set smaller.

[0057] In step two, the initial spraying operation is carried out, specifically, the cement tanker moves to the end of the stand away from the tunnel face, the cement tanker is connected to the pumping system in the spraying mechanism, generally speaking, the cement is poured into the feed trough of the pumping system by the cement tanker to realize the slurry supply, and the wall of the initially excavated tunnel is sprayed by the spraying mechanism. At this time, the cement tanker avoids the vehicle for slag discharge operation; the slag discharge operation can be to move the loader to the tunnel face, and transport the slag generated by the excavation to a transport vehicle far away from the coverage of the stand for transportation, and the maximum height of the loader shall not exceed the minimum height of the access channel in the stand.

[0058] In this solution, by making the cement tank truck avoid the slag discharge channel and connecting the cement tank truck with the spraying mechanism on the stand, the slag discharge and spraying operations can be carried out in parallel, thereby improving the construction efficiency.

[0059] In step three: the arch erection operation may specifically include arch frame transportation and arch frame installation operations. A transport structure for transporting the arch frame and an arch erection structure for installing the arch frame are provided on the platform. The arch frame is transported from the side of the platform away from the tunnel face to the side close to the tunnel face, and the arch erection structure grabs the arch frame for installation. The welding operation of the arch frame mesh and connecting ribs is completed.

[0060] When transporting the arch frame, firstly, the arch frame needs to be lifted to the predetermined position by the lifting mechanism, and then transported to the tunnel face by the mechanical grab arm, or the arch frame can be automatically transported by the automatically transportable support structure, or the support structure can be moved out of the range of the platform by the movable support structure to cooperate with the lifting mechanism to complete the erection and transportation of the arch frame;

[0061] After the transportation is completed, the arch structure grabs the arch frame near the tunnel face and lifts it to the installation position for arch frame installation;

[0062] In this scheme, it is first necessary to lift the arch frame to a predetermined position through a lifting mechanism, and then transport it to the face with the assistance of a mechanical grab arm. Specifically, a mechanical grab arm for grabbing the arch frame is provided on the gantry, and the mechanical grab arm can move along the length direction of the gantry. The arch frame is transported from outside the tunnel to the lifting mechanism of the gantry, and the lifting mechanisms on both sides of the gantry act synchronously to lift the arch frame to be transported. When it is lifted to the limit position, the mechanical grab arm is required to cooperate in transferring the arch frame. The mechanical grab arm clamps the arch frame from the lifting mechanism, and with the cooperation of the supporting sliding assembly on the gantry, moves it to a position close to the face and places it.

[0063] This solution realizes the handover of the arch frame by setting up a mechanical grab arm, which can make the articulation process safer and more reliable, and realizes the lifting of the arch frame through a lifting mechanism, which can reduce the complexity of the mechanical grab arm and reduce the difficulty of subsequent maintenance.

[0064] In this solution, the arch frame must first be lifted to a predetermined position by a lifting mechanism, and then the arch frame must be automatically transported by an automatically transportable support structure. Specifically, a mechanical grab arm for grabbing the arch frame and an automatically transported support structure are provided on the frame. The mechanical grab arm can move along the length of the frame, and the coverage of the automatically transported support structure is not less than the coverage of the upper surface of the frame. After the mechanical grab arm places the arch frame on the automatically transported support structure, the automatically transported support structure can automatically transport the arch frame forward or backward and transfer the arch frame to the face, or automatically avoid other processes as needed.

[0065] This solution is carried out by setting up an automatic transmission support structure for handover. After the mechanical grab arm grabs the arch frame, it can be placed on the automatic transmission support structure. The automatic transmission support structure can automatically transport the arch frame, making the transportation operation of the arch frame more flexible and adaptable to complex tunnel construction environments.

[0066] In this scheme, it is first necessary to lift the arch frame to a predetermined position through a lifting mechanism, and then move the supporting structure out of the range of the platform through a movable supporting structure to cooperate with the lifting mechanism to complete the erection and transportation of the arch frame. Specifically, an automatic transmission supporting structure is arranged on the platform, and a sliding structure is arranged at the bottom of the automatic transmission supporting structure. The automatic transmission supporting structure can extend beyond the coverage of the platform under the sliding action of the sliding structure; when the lifting mechanism lifts the arch frame to the extreme position, the automatic transmission supporting structure is slid out of the coverage of the platform through the sliding structure, and the lifting mechanism moves downward to erect the arch frame on the automatic transmission supporting structure to complete the handover of the arch frame, and the arch frame is transferred to the face through the sliding of the sliding structure and the transportation of the automatic transmission supporting structure.

[0067] This scheme uses an automatic transmission support structure for handover. A sliding structure is set below the automatic transmission support structure to move the automatic transmission support structure through the sliding structure. In this scheme, there is no need to set up a mechanical grab arm. The handover between the automatic transmission support structure and the lifting mechanism is achieved through the movement of the sliding structure, which greatly reduces the overall cost and the difficulty of later maintenance, making the entire handover process smoother and the process more streamlined. At the same time, it also makes the transportation operation of the arch frame more flexible and adaptable to the complex tunnel construction environment.

[0068] The specific operation of the re-spraying is that the cement tanker moves to the end of the platform away from the heading face, and the cement tanker is connected to the pumping system in the spraying mechanism to realize the slurry supply. At this time, the cement tanker avoids the vehicles performing the slag discharge operation. The re-spraying operation uses the spraying mechanism at the front end of the platform to spray the assembled arch frames on both sides of the tunnel. When performing the spraying operation, it is necessary to avoid the structure of the excavation operation, so that the spraying operation can be carried out simultaneously with the slag discharge operation and the excavation operation, without interfering with each other, thus realizing parallel construction.

[0069] When the shotcrete operation includes the initial shotcrete operation and the re-shotcrete operation, it is ensured that the excavation operation of the next excavation area is completed before the re-shotcrete operation is completed, so that the initial shotcrete operation of the next excavation area can be continued after the re-shotcrete operation is completed.

[0070] In this scheme, through the work on special construction nodes, the initial spraying operation and the re-spraying operation can be organically connected together. In this way, a grouting washing mechanism is needed to clean the nozzle during the construction process. The commonly used steps in the prior art are: end of re-spraying → washing grouting mechanism → next cycle excavation → next cycle initial spraying → washing grouting mechanism. In this way, the washing spraying mechanism needs to be used multiple times, which causes a great waste of construction time.

[0071] The slurry supply of this solution can be achieved by extending a supply pipeline from the outside of the tunnel to the tunnel face, and connecting the supply pipeline to the pumping system in the shotcrete mechanism to realize the slurry supply.

[0072] In this scheme, the material conveying system can be a transport channel fixed on both sides of the platform. The entire transport channel is an ascending structure, that is, the front end of the transport channel is set close to the ground, and the rear end of the transport channel is set at a certain height from the ground. A conveyor belt is set at the bottom of the transport channel, and the conveyor belt is driven by a hydraulic motor at the bottom. Under the action of the hydraulic motor, the slag will be continuously transported from the front end of the transport channel to the rear end, so that the slag is lifted to a certain height. At this time, the transport vehicle is set at the rear end of the transport channel, and the lifted slag continuously falls into the transport vehicle, and the transport vehicle transports the slag away from the tunnel from both sides of the platform.

[0073] During parallel construction, the tunneling mechanism performs tunneling operations on one end face of the tunnel face, and the shotcrete mechanism performs shotcrete operations on the other end face of the tunnel face; the tunneling mechanism and the shotcrete mechanism operate in a staggered manner, and the slag discharge mechanism transports slag that may exist on the tunnel face out of the tunnel face through the entry and exit channels.

[0074] This solution provides a tunnel upper construction method that integrates excavation (including slag discharge) and support (erectile support, anchor rods, shotcrete spraying) into one, without the need for multiple devices to work alternately. At the same time, it adopts an operation mode of excavating and spraying, and excavating and slag discharge at the same time, realizing fast excavation and support and parallel operation, thereby improving construction efficiency.

[0075] This plan also provides for positioning and marking operations before arch erection. Surveyors conduct marking operations on the tunnel face according to actual construction needs. The survey setting is used to mark points on both sides and the top of the face to provide directional guidance for excavation operations.

[0076] Example 2

[0077] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a specific method of a tunnel road construction method, in which a trolley 1 is arranged in the tunnel, and an arch frame lifting mechanism 6, an arch frame transfer arm (not shown), a tunneling arm 2, an arch spraying integrated arm frame 4, a side arch arm 5 and an anchor mechanism 3 are arranged on the trolley; the lifting mechanism is arranged at the rear end of the trolley, the tunneling arm is arranged at the front end of the trolley, the side arch arm is arranged at both sides of the trolley, the arch frame transfer arm is arranged on the top of the trolley and can move along the length direction of the trolley, and the arch spraying integrated arm frame is arranged on the trolley;

[0078] After the arch frame installation and anchor construction of the previous shift are completed, and the folding arch frame to be used by the next shift is loaded, the trolley moves to a position a certain distance from the tunnel face, at which time the trolley legs are lowered and the construction of a team begins;

[0079] The cement tanker drives to the rear of the trolley to deliver concrete to the pumping system. The arch-spraying integrated boom is operated to spray the arch foot of the left side of the face. The scraper is driven to remove the slag produced by the early excavation on the left side of the face. At the same time, the excavation boom is operated to excavate and advance on the right side of the face. After the spraying of the arch lock foot on the left side of the face is completed, the arch-spraying integrated boom is operated to spray the arch lock foot on the right side of the face. The scraper is driven to remove the slag produced by the early excavation on the right side of the face. At the same time, the excavation boom is operated to excavate and advance on the left side of the face. Alternate cycles are performed to complete the parallel construction of excavation, slag removal and spraying.

[0080] Afterwards, the scraper continued to remove the slag produced by the previous excavation; at the same time, the arch-spraying integrated boom was used to transfer the folding arch frame loaded on the top of the trolley to the front of the trolley, and the two sides of the drilling arch boom respectively grasped the two sides of the folding arch frame, and multiple booms cooperated to complete the installation of the folding arch frame, and then the arch frame mesh and connecting ribs were welded and fixed manually through the hanging basket. During this period, the slag removal and arch erection were carried out in parallel.

[0081] After the arch frame is installed, the scraper will remove the remaining slag. At the same time, the arch spraying integrated arm will be withdrawn to the rear of the trolley, and the arch frame transfer arm will be used in conjunction with the lifting mechanism to complete the loading of the folded arch frame. During the anchor installation operation, the anchor construction mechanical arm will be used to drill holes first, then fill in anchoring agent, and then insert the anchor. While removing slag, the locking foot anchor, system anchor, and advance anchor are constructed to complete the anchor operation.

[0082] Through the above construction process, a construction operation cycle of one construction method is completed.

[0083] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tunnel construction method, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: a frame for supporting various functional components is arranged in the tunnel, and an inlet and outlet passage for cooperating with the slag discharge operation is arranged under or on at least one side of the frame; Step 1: Arch erection operation: the arch frame is transported from the platform to the arch erection area by the arch transport mechanism, and then the arch frame is erected in the specified area of ​​the tunnel that has been excavated by the arch erection mechanism; while the arch erection operation is being carried out, the slag discharge mechanism performs slag discharge operation through the inlet and outlet channels according to the amount of remaining slag; Step 2: Anchoring operation: Anchoring operation is performed on the arch frame after the arch is erected. While the anchoring operation is being performed, the slag discharge mechanism discharges the slag through the inlet and outlet channels according to the amount of remaining slag; Step 3: Shotcrete operation: the anchored arch frame is shotcretely operated by the shotcrete mechanism. At the same time, the excavation mechanism excavates the face and / or the slag discharge mechanism discharges slag through the inlet and outlet channels.

2. A tunnel construction method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step three, when the slag is discharged, the excavation operation is carried out on the left and right sides of the face by setting up the excavation mechanism at the front end of the gantry. At this time, the slag is discharged by moving the loader to the face and transporting the slag generated by the excavation to a place far away from the coverage of the gantry.

3. A tunnel construction method as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: When performing the slag discharge operation, the loader enters the tunnel face from the bottom of the frame or at least one side of the frame.

4. A tunnel construction method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step three, during the slag discharge operation, the excavation operation is carried out on the left and right sides of the heading face through the excavation mechanism arranged at the front end of the gantry. At this time, the slag discharge mechanism is the auxiliary digging arm and the conveying system arranged at the front end of the gantry; the transport vehicle moves to the end of the conveying system, and the auxiliary digging arm pushes the slag generated by the excavation to the front end of the conveying system. The conveying system automatically transports the slag to the transport vehicle, and the transport vehicle moves it out of the tunnel.

5. A tunnel construction method as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The conveying system discharges slag from the bottom of the platform; or discharges slag from at least one side of the platform; or discharges slag from the bottom of the platform first, and then passes through the platform to discharge slag from at least one side of the platform.

6. A tunnel construction method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step three, the shotcreting operation includes the re-shotcreting operation or the shotcreting operation includes the initial shotcreting operation and the re-shotcreting operation; the initial shotcreting operation performs shotcreting support on the excavated face, the re-shotcreting operation performs shotcreting on the fixed arch frame, and the excavation mechanism performs excavation operation on the face in an area away from the re-shotcreting operation. The excavation operation can at least be carried out in parallel with the re-shotcreting operation.

7. A tunnel construction method as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: The initial shotcrete operation, specifically, the material supply part is connected with the pumping system in the shotcrete mechanism, and the shotcrete operation is carried out on the wall of the initially excavated tunnel through the shotcrete mechanism; the slag removal operation is to move the loader to the heading face and transport the slag produced by excavation to a place far away from the coverage range of the platform.

8. A tunnel construction method as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: The re-spraying operation is specifically as follows: the material supply part is connected with the pumping system in the spraying mechanism; the spraying operation is carried out on the assembled arch frames on both sides of the tunnel through the spraying mechanism arranged at the front end of the gantry; when the spraying operation is being carried out, the excavation mechanism carries out excavation operation on the end face on one side of the heading face, and the spraying mechanism carries out spraying operation on the end face on the other side of the heading face; the excavation mechanism and the spraying mechanism operate in a staggered manner, and the slag discharge mechanism transports the slag on the heading face out of the heading face through the inlet and outlet channels.

9. A tunnel construction method as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: When the shotcrete operation includes the initial shotcrete operation and the re-shotcrete operation, it is ensured that the excavation operation of the next excavation area is completed before the re-shotcrete operation is completed, so that the initial shotcrete operation of the next excavation area can be continued after the re-shotcrete operation is completed.

10. A tunnel construction method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step one: the arch erection operation specifically includes arch frame transportation and arch frame installation operations. A transport structure for transporting the arch frame and an arch erection structure for installing the arch frame are provided on the platform; the arch frame is transported from the side of the platform away from the tunnel face to the side close to the tunnel face, and the arch erection structure grabs the arch frame and installs it.

11. A tunnel construction method as claimed in claim 10, characterized in that: When transporting the arch frame, it is first necessary to lift the arch frame to the predetermined position through the lifting mechanism, and then transport it to the tunnel face with the assistance of a mechanical grab arm. After the transportation is completed, the vertical arch structure grabs the arch frame near the tunnel face and lifts it to the installation position for arch frame installation.

12. A tunnel construction method as claimed in claim 10, characterized in that: When transporting the arch frame, it is first necessary to lift the arch frame to the predetermined position through the lifting mechanism, and then automatically transport the arch frame through the automatic transmission support structure to complete the erection and transportation of the arch frame; after the transportation is completed, the vertical arch structure grabs the arch frame near the face and lifts it to the installation position to carry out the arch frame installation operation.

13. A tunnel construction method as claimed in claim 10, characterized in that: When transporting the arch frame, the arch frame must first be lifted to a predetermined position by a lifting mechanism, and then the supporting structure must be moved out of the range of the platform to cooperate with the lifting mechanism to complete the erection and transportation of the arch frame. After the transportation is completed, the vertical arch structure grabs the arch frame near the tunnel face and lifts it to the installation position for arch frame installation.

14. A tunnel construction method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step one, during the arch frame transfer process, anchor rod transportation operations are simultaneously carried out under the frame.

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