Self-heating inertia-level blade capable of automatically changing size of water conveying groove and thickness of blade according to airflow water content

Abstract

The thickness of the blades and the size of the water conveying groove can be automatically changed according to the water content in airflow, the liquid drop capturing and conveying capacity of the inertia-level blades is adjusted by changing the distance between the inertia-level blades and the size of the water conveying groove, and the problem that the water conveying groove is blocked is solved; and the high-efficiency gas-water separation efficiency of the inertia-level blade under the condition of different inlet gas water contents is ensured. Meanwhile, under the condition that no extra input energy is needed, when the temperature of incoming flow air is reduced to 0 DEG C or below, the inertia-level blade automatically heats by means of friction and collision of spherical protrusions formed by cold expansion of a surface self-heating coating, the temperature of the wall face of the inertia-level blade is increased, the problem that the inertia-level blade is prone to icing when used in a low-temperature environment is solved, and the service life of the inertia-level blade is prolonged. And it is guaranteed that the inertia-level blade has the optimal aerodynamic characteristic and the optimal gas-water separation efficiency in the low-temperature environment. The device has the characteristics of simple structure, convenience in processing, high efficiency, reliability and low cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of inertia stage blades in an air intake filter device, and in particular relates to a self-heating inertia stage blade which automatically changes the size of a water delivery trough and the thickness of a blade according to the water content of an air flow. Background Art

[0002] The inertia stage blade is a main component installed in the filter device of the gas turbine intake system. It is used to filter out solid and liquid particles, salt spray aerosol and other impurities in the air inhaled by the gas turbine. The main purification object is the salt spray liquid particles floating in the marine environment. As ships sail to the open sea and deep sea, the operating environment of marine gas turbines has become more severe. Faced with extreme sea conditions such as huge waves and heavy rain, a large amount of salt spray liquid particles will be mixed in the gas turbine intake, and the water purification pressure of the inertia stage blade will increase sharply.

[0003] The inertia stage blades use the deflected water trough structure to capture and collect liquid particles in the incoming air, so as to improve the intake quality of the gas turbine. However, extremely severe sea conditions will cause the number of liquid particles in the incoming air to increase sharply, and the large number of droplets collected by the inertia stage blades in a short period of time will quickly fill the water trough. This will cause the water trough to be blocked by liquid and unable to be discharged in a short period of time, greatly reducing the ability of the water trough to capture and transport droplets. With the sharp increase in the number of liquid particles in the incoming air, on the one hand, it will make it more difficult for the inertia stage blades to transport droplet particles. The droplets spread on the inner wall of the water trough to form a liquid film and cannot fall and be collected by their own gravity, reducing the purification efficiency of the inertia stage blades. On the other hand, there will be a "secondary splash" phenomenon of droplets. The droplets are affected by the high-speed airflow on the outer wall of the water trough, blown away from the surface of the inertia stage blades, and mixed with the incoming air again, greatly reducing the intake quality of the gas turbine and threatening the stable and efficient operation of the gas turbine.

[0004] At the same time, as ships sail to the open sea and the North and South Poles, the operating environment of marine gas turbines has become more severe. Faced with extreme sea conditions such as huge waves, freezing rain, and blizzards, the gas turbine intake air will be mixed with a large amount of salt spray liquid, supercooled water droplets and ice crystal particles, and the inertia stage blades will have serious icing problems, which will seriously affect the aerodynamic resistance and gas-water separation efficiency of the inertia stage blades. When the ship is sailing in low-temperature waters, the supercooled droplets and ice crystal particles generated by severe sea conditions such as sea spray, freezing rain, ice and snow will be captured by the inertia stage blades and will freeze quickly. In a short period of time, a large amount of ice will accumulate on the surface of the blades. A large amount of ice accumulation will seriously block the water delivery trough of the inertia stage blades, greatly reducing the ability of the water delivery trough to capture and transport droplets, resulting in a serious decline in the gas-water separation efficiency of the inertia stage blades, which will not be able to meet the gas turbine's requirements for intake air quality. In addition, when the volume of ice accumulation is too large, it is very easy to break, and the broken ice will enter the gas turbine intake system with the high-speed airflow, which is very likely to cause mechanical damage to the intake system components and gas turbine inlet components, seriously threatening the safe operation of the gas turbine. Therefore, the icing of the inertia stage blades will seriously affect the efficient, stable and safe operation of the gas turbine.

[0005] From the design principle of the inertia stage blades, it can be seen that if the air intake filter device uses an inertia stage blade with a larger water trough, the larger water trough can solve the problem of a large number of droplet blockages, but it will produce a large aerodynamic resistance loss, which cannot meet the requirements of the daily operation of the gas turbine for the total intake pressure loss. If the air intake filter device uses an inertia stage blade with a normal size water trough, in short-term extremely severe sea conditions such as heavy rain and huge waves, the blockage of the water trough will cause the gas turbine intake quality to fail to meet the requirements. At the same time, if the air intake filter device uses an inertia stage blade with a larger thickness and higher separation efficiency, when the installation position of the blade is fixed, the thick blade reduces the blade spacing, ensuring that the inertia stage blade has a higher gas-water separation efficiency under the condition of high water content of the intake air, but the larger aerodynamic resistance loss under the condition of small water volume cannot meet the requirements of the total intake pressure loss of the gas turbine for daily long-term operation. If the air intake filter uses inertia-stage blades with a smaller thickness, the low air-water separation efficiency of the inertia-stage blades will result in the inability of the gas turbine intake quality to meet the requirements under short-term extreme sea conditions such as heavy rain and huge waves. At the same time, the more mature anti-icing measures currently include: an air bleed device that uses a boiler to provide high-temperature steam to increase the intake temperature; and an electric heating film attached to the surface to increase the surface temperature of the inertia-stage blades with an electric heating device. Both methods require the ship's power system to provide additional energy input for specific anti-icing devices, and also require professionals to manually operate the opening, closing and power adjustment of the anti-icing device. In addition, the complex air bleed structure will also generate additional aerodynamic resistance losses to the overall intake system. External anti-icing devices will affect the efficient and stable operation of the gas turbine.

[0006] Therefore, it is necessary to develop a self-heating air intake filter device that can automatically adjust the blade thickness and water trough size according to the water content in the incoming air, so as to continuously improve the purification and separation efficiency of the inertia stage blades without significantly increasing the resistance loss, solve the problem of ice accumulation on the inertia stage blades, and ensure the long-term stable and efficient operation of the gas turbine. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a self-heating inertia-stage blade that automatically changes the size of the water delivery trough and the thickness of the blade according to the water content of the airflow, which can quickly transport liquid particles under the condition of a large amount of salt mist liquid particles intake, continuously capture and adsorb droplet particles, and ensure that the inertia-stage blade does not have icing problems in cold sea areas, thereby ensuring the intake quality of the gas turbine.

[0008] A self-heating inertia-stage blade that automatically changes the size of a water delivery trough and the thickness of a blade according to the moisture content of an airflow, comprising an inlet guide plate, an outlet guide plate and a water delivery unit; the water delivery unit has multiple groups, including a transition guide plate and a water delivery trough; the inlet guide plate, the outlet guide plate and the transition guide plates of each group of water delivery units all adopt the same three-layer sandwich form, including an upper metal material plate, a central core layer structure plate and a lower metal material plate, the upper metal material plate and the lower metal material plate are both provided with microporous structures, the central core layer structure plate adopts a first moisture-sensitive composite material, and when the moisture content in the area where the inertia-stage blade is located exceeds the critical value of the first moisture-sensitive composite material, the central core layer structure plate is The layered structure plate material changes in size only in the vertical direction, so that the blade thickness of the inertia-stage blade changes; the water delivery troughs of each group of water delivery units use the same second humidity-sensitive composite material, and when the water content in the area where the inertia-stage blade is located exceeds the critical value of the second humidity-sensitive composite material, the water delivery trough changes in size only in the length direction; the outer wall surfaces of the inlet guide plate, the outlet guide plate and the transition guide plate of each group of water delivery units are provided with a self-heating coating, and the self-heating coating expands after contacting a cold airflow below the temperature critical value, and the elastic spherical protrusions formed by the expansion collide with each other under the influence of the airflow, rub against each other to generate heat, and ensure that the surface of the inertia-stage blade does not freeze.

[0009] Furthermore, multiple groups of inertia stage blades are arranged vertically facing the direction of airflow, each group of inertia stage blades are parallel to each other and maintain a distance between them, an airflow channel is formed between two adjacent groups of inertia stage blades, the inlet guide plate and the outlet guide plate are arranged parallel to the direction of airflow, and the opening direction of the water delivery trough of each water delivery unit is toward the direction of airflow.

[0010] Furthermore, the installation angle range between the inlet guide plate and the transition guide plate is 135° to 165°; the installation angle range between the transition guide plates of adjacent water transfer units is 90° to 150°.

[0011] Furthermore, in the initial state, the thickness of the inlet guide plate, the outlet guide plate and the transition guide plate of each group of water transfer units is L, the thickness of the upper metal material plate is the same as that of the lower metal material plate, the thickness L1 of the central core layer structure plate is L1∈[0.3L,0.5L], and the thickness of the central core layer structure plate is automatically adjusted within the range of L1 to 8.5L1 under the influence of the moisture content of the airflow.

[0012] Furthermore, the first moisture-sensitive composite material constituting the central core layer structural plate is designed according to the actual application conditions of the inertia stage blade. If the maximum water content of the airflow in the application condition is known to be x max , then the first humidity-sensitive composite material is designed to satisfy the following deformation formula:

[0013]

[0014] Where y1(x) is the deformation of the first humidity-sensitive composite material, x is the water content of the airflow; x1 is the critical water content at which the first humidity-sensitive composite material begins to deform, x1=x max / 2.2; x2 is the deformation limit water content of the first humidity-sensitive composite material, that is, after x>x2, the first humidity-sensitive composite material will no longer expand, x2=x max ; a is the deformation parameter of the first humidity-sensitive composite material, a=2.5±0.2.

[0015] Furthermore, in the initial state, the length L2 of the water delivery trough of each group of water delivery units is L2∈[8L,10L], and under the influence of the water content of the airflow, the length of the water delivery trough of each group of water delivery units is automatically adjusted within the range of L2~1.375L2.

[0016] Furthermore, the second moisture-sensitive composite material constituting the water delivery trough of each water delivery unit is designed according to the actual application conditions of the inertia stage blade. If the maximum water content of the airflow in the application condition is known to be x max , then the second humidity-sensitive composite material is designed to satisfy the following deformation formula:

[0017]

[0018] Wherein, y2(x) is the deformation amount of the second humidity-sensitive composite material, b is the deformation parameter of the second humidity-sensitive composite material, and b=2.2±0.15.

[0019] Furthermore, a transition section is provided between the water delivery trough and the transition guide plate, and the length of the transition section is 0.8L~L.

[0020] Furthermore, the critical temperature of the self-heating coating for final expansion is 0°C to 2°C, the thickness of the self-heating coating is 0.15L to 0.25L, the diameter of the elastic spherical protrusions after the self-heating coating has finalized expansion is 0.1L to 0.3L, and the spacing between the elastic spherical protrusions is 0.15L to 0.25L.

[0021] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0022] The present invention can automatically change the thickness of the blades and the size of the water trough according to the amount of water content in the airflow, and adjust the strength of the inertia-stage blades' ability to capture and transport droplets by changing the spacing of the inertia-stage blades and the size of the water trough, and solve the problem of water trough blockage, thereby ensuring the efficient gas-water separation efficiency of the inertia-stage blades under different intake air water content conditions. At the same time, without the need for additional energy input, when the incoming air temperature drops below 0°C, the inertia-stage blades rely on the friction and collision of the spherical protrusions formed by the expansion of the self-heating coating on the surface when it is cold, thereby increasing the wall temperature of the inertia-stage blades, solving the problem of the inertia-stage blades being prone to freezing when used in a low-temperature environment, and ensuring that the inertia-stage blades have optimal aerodynamic characteristics and gas-water separation efficiency in a low-temperature environment. The present invention has the characteristics of simple structure, convenient processing, high efficiency and reliability, and low cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1a It is a schematic diagram of the two-dimensional structure of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 1b It is a partial enlarged structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2a It is a schematic diagram of the inertia stage blade structure when the water channel length is 8.3 mm (not extended).

[0026] Figure 2b This is a schematic diagram of the inertia stage blade structure when the water channel length is 9.8mm (extended 1.5mm).

[0027] Figure 2c This is a schematic diagram of the inertia stage blade structure when the water channel length is 11.3mm (elongation 3.0mm).

[0028] Figure 3a This is a schematic diagram of the inertia stage blade structure when the blade thickness is 1.2 mm (not extended).

[0029] Figure 3b This is a schematic diagram of the inertia stage blade structure when the blade thickness is 2.2 mm (elongation 1 mm).

[0030] Figure 3c This is a schematic diagram of the inertia stage blade structure when the blade thickness is 3.2 mm (elongation 2 mm).

[0031] Figure 4a It is a schematic diagram of the self-heating coating structure at the flat plate.

[0032] Figure 4b It is a schematic diagram of the self-heating coating structure at the bent plate.

[0033] Figure 5 The velocity field distribution diagram in the inertial blade channel and the motion trajectory distribution diagram of droplets and particles. Among them, (a) is the velocity field distribution diagram in the inertial blade channel when the water trough length is 8.3mm and the blade thickness is 1.2mm (not stretched); (b) is the motion trajectory distribution diagram of droplets and particles in the inertial blade channel of the corresponding structure. (c) is the velocity field distribution diagram in the inertial blade channel when the blade thickness is 3.2mm (stretched 2mm), and (d) is the motion trajectory distribution diagram of droplets and particles in the inertial blade channel of the corresponding structure. (e) is the velocity field distribution diagram in the inertial blade channel when the water trough length is 11.3mm (stretched 3.0mm), and (f) is the motion trajectory distribution diagram of droplets and particles in the inertial blade channel of the corresponding structure.

[0034] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the two-dimensional arrangement of the present invention in the installed state. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0036] The present invention provides a self-heating inertia-stage blade that automatically changes the size of a water delivery trough and the thickness of a blade according to the moisture content of an airflow, comprising an inlet guide plate, an outlet guide plate and a water delivery unit; the installation angle between the inlet guide plate and the transition guide plate ranges from 135° to 165°; the installation angle between the transition guide plates of adjacent water delivery units ranges from 90° to 150°. A transition section is provided between the water delivery trough and the transition guide plate, and the length of the transition section is 0.8L to L.

[0037] Multiple groups of inertia stage blades are arranged vertically facing the direction of airflow, each group of inertia stage blades are parallel to each other and maintain a distance between them, an airflow channel is formed between two adjacent groups of inertia stage blades, the inlet guide plate and the outlet guide plate are arranged parallel to the direction of airflow, and the opening direction of the water delivery trough of each water delivery unit faces the direction of airflow.

[0038] The water delivery unit includes a transition guide plate and a water delivery trough; the inlet guide plate, the outlet guide plate and the transition guide plates of each group of water delivery units all adopt the same three-layer sandwich form, including an upper metal material plate, a central core layer structure plate and a lower metal material plate, the upper metal material plate and the lower metal material plate are both provided with microporous structures, the central core layer structure plate adopts a first moisture-sensitive composite material, when the water content in the area where the inertia stage blade is located exceeds the critical value of the first moisture-sensitive composite material, the central core layer structure plate only changes in size in the vertical direction, so that the blade thickness of the inertia stage blade changes;

[0039] The water delivery troughs of each group of water delivery units use the same second humidity-sensitive composite material. When the water content in the area where the inertia-stage blades are located exceeds the critical value of the second humidity-sensitive composite material, the water delivery troughs only change in size in the length direction.

[0040] The outer wall of the inlet guide plate, outlet guide plate and transition guide plate of each group of water delivery units is provided with a self-heating coating. After the self-heating coating contacts the cold airflow below the critical temperature, it will expand. The elastic spherical protrusions formed by the expansion will collide and rub against each other under the influence of the airflow to generate heat, ensuring that the surface of the inertia-stage blades does not freeze. The critical temperature for the self-heating coating to expand is 0℃~2℃, the thickness of the self-heating coating is 0.15L~0.25L, the diameter of the elastic spherical protrusions after the self-heating coating is expanded is 0.1L~0.3L, and the distance between the elastic spherical protrusions is 0.15L~0.25L.

[0041] In the initial state, the thickness of the inlet guide plate, outlet guide plate and transition guide plate of each group of water delivery units is L, the thickness of the upper metal plate is the same as that of the lower metal plate, the thickness L1 of the central core structure plate is L1∈[0.3L,0.5L], and the thickness of the central core structure plate is automatically adjusted within the range of L1 to 8.5L1 under the influence of the moisture content of the airflow. The length L2 of the water delivery trough of each group of water delivery units is L2∈[8L,10L], and the length of the water delivery trough of each group of water delivery units is automatically adjusted within the range of L2 to 1.375L2 under the influence of the moisture content of the airflow.

[0042] The humidity-sensitive composite material is designed according to the actual application conditions of the inertia-stage blade. If the maximum water content of the airflow in the application condition is known to be x max , then the first humidity-sensitive composite material is designed to satisfy the following deformation formula:

[0043]

[0044] Where y1(x) is the deformation of the first humidity-sensitive composite material, x is the water content of the airflow; x1 is the critical water content at which the first humidity-sensitive composite material begins to deform, x1=x max / 2.2; x2 is the deformation limit water content of the first humidity-sensitive composite material, that is, after x>x2, the first humidity-sensitive composite material will no longer expand, x2=x max ; a is the deformation parameter of the first humidity-sensitive composite material, a=2.5±0.2.

[0045] The second moisture-sensitive composite material of the designed water trough satisfies the following deformation formula:

[0046]

[0047] Wherein, y2(x) is the deformation amount of the second humidity-sensitive composite material, b is the deformation parameter of the second humidity-sensitive composite material, and b=2.2±0.15.

[0048] Embodiment 1:

[0049] like Figure 1a As shown, the inertia stage blade is composed of four water delivery units. The inlet guide plate 1 is connected to the first water delivery trough 3 through the first transition guide plate 2. The first water delivery trough 3 is connected to the second water delivery trough 5 through the second transition guide plate 4, the second water delivery trough 5 is connected to the third water delivery trough 7 through the third transition guide plate 6, and the third water delivery trough 7 is connected to the fourth water delivery trough 9 through the fourth transition guide plate 8. The fourth water delivery trough 9 is connected to the outlet guide plate 10. The thickness of the inertia stage blade is uniform, and the blade thickness is L.

[0050] like Figure 1b As shown, the first water trough 3, the second water trough 5, the third water trough 7 and the fourth water trough 9 of the inertia stage blade are made of the second moisture-sensitive composite material, and the water trough structure changes in size only in the length direction, and does not change significantly in other directions. The water trough is installed in the normal direction of the transition guide plate, at a length position of 0.8L to 1.0L from the outer surface of the transition guide plate, and the installation line of the composite material and the transition guide plate metal material is parallel to the tangent direction of the transition guide plate. The inlet guide plate 1, the first transition guide plate 2, the second transition guide plate 4, the third transition guide plate 6, the fourth transition guide plate 8 and the outlet guide plate 10 of the inertia stage blade are three-layer sandwich structures. The upper and lower layers of each plate are made of metal material, and a large number of microporous structures are evenly distributed on the metal material plate. The core layer is made of the first moisture-sensitive composite material, and the core layer structure changes in size only in the direction perpendicular to the incoming flow, and does not change significantly in other directions. When no deformation occurs, the thickness of the core layer structure plate is 0.3L~0.5L. At this time, in the thickness direction of the inertia stage blade, the thickness ratio of the upper metal plate, the core composite material plate, and the lower metal plate is 3:4:3.

[0051] like Figure 4a and Figure 4bAs shown, a self-heating coating 12 is arranged on the surface of each folding plate structure of the inertia stage blade, namely the inlet guide plate 1, the first transition guide plate 2, the second transition guide plate 4, the third transition guide plate 6, the fourth transition guide plate 8, and the outlet guide plate 10. The coating thickness is about 0.2L. When the ambient temperature is lower than 0°C, the self-heating coating begins to expand. Micro spherical protrusions with regular arrangement, uniform size and fixed shape are formed on the surface of the inertia stage blade. The diameter of the elastic spherical protrusions after the self-heating coating is expanded is 0.1L~0.3L, and the spacing between the elastic spherical protrusions is 0.15L~0.25L. These spherical protrusions can move irregularly under the action of the intake airflow. The random collision and friction between the spherical protrusions will generate a large amount of heat energy, thereby achieving the purpose of increasing the wall temperature of the inertia stage blade. There is no self-heating coating on the wall of the water trough.

[0052] like Figure 6 As shown, each inertia-stage blade consists of an inlet and outlet guide plate, four water delivery troughs and four transition guide plates. The length of the entire blade along the flow direction is approximately 100L to 120L, and the thickness of the blade is uniform. Several blades are arranged vertically facing the incoming direction of the airflow, and the inlet guide plate 1 and the outlet guide plate 10 are arranged parallel to the airflow direction. The blades are parallel to each other and work with equal spacing. The blade spacing is 10.0L. In order to suppress airflow separation, the air inlet edge of the inlet guide plate 1 and the air outlet edge of the outlet guide plate 10 are both arc-shaped transitions instead of sharp straight edges. The inlet guide plate 1 is connected to the first transition guide plate 2 in an arc, and the installation angle range is 135° to 180°. The outlet guide plate 10 is connected to the fourth transition guide plate 8 in an arc, and the installation angle range is 135° to 180°.

[0053] Compared with traditional inertia-stage blades, the present invention can automatically change the thickness of the inertia-stage blades and the size of the water trough according to the water content in the incoming air, thereby adjusting the strength of the inertia-stage blades' ability to capture and transport droplets, and ensuring the efficient gas-water separation efficiency of the inertia-stage blades under different air intake conditions. The problem of decreased air intake quality of the gas turbine caused by the increase in water content in the incoming air and the sharp increase in the droplet flow rate in the incoming air is solved. At the same time, the problem of increased resistance loss caused by the large thickness of the inertia-stage blades and the size of the water trough during the daily operation of the gas turbine is solved. In addition, the present invention can, without the need for additional energy input, when the incoming air temperature drops below 0°C, the inertia-stage blades rely on the friction and collision of the spherical protrusions formed by the surface self-heating coating expanding when cold, thereby increasing the wall temperature of the inertia-stage blades, solving the problem of easy icing of the inertia-stage blades when used in a low-temperature environment, and comprehensively improving the purification and separation efficiency of the inertia-stage blades. The present invention has the advantages of simple structure, convenient processing, high efficiency and reliability, and low cost.

[0054] As shown in Table 1, through the aerodynamic separation test of the traditional inertia stage blade, it is found that as the water content of the intake air increases, the traditional inertia stage blade is limited by the separation efficiency and the escaped water volume increases significantly. Figure 2a , Figure 2b , Figure 2c As shown in the figure, although the resistance loss of the inertia stage blades increases with the increase in the size of the water trough, its separation efficiency is significantly restored, reaching and exceeding the separation efficiency of the traditional inertia stage blades in daily stable operating conditions. Figure 5 As shown in (a), (b), (e), and (f), as the size of the water trough of the inertia stage blade increases, the air flow velocity inside the inertia stage blade channel increases, and more incoming liquid droplets are captured and transported by the water trough, thereby improving the gas-water separation efficiency.

[0055] Table 1. Test data of traditional inertia-stage blade performance

[0056]

[0057] Table 2 Performance simulation data of the inertia stage blade of the present invention under high water content intake conditions

[0058]

[0059] Table 3 Performance simulation data of the inertia stage blade of the present invention under high water content intake conditions

[0060]

[0061] As shown in Table 3, Figure 3a , Figure 3b , Figure 3c As shown in the figure, although the resistance loss of the inertia stage blades increases with the increase of blade thickness, its separation efficiency is also significantly restored, reaching and exceeding the separation efficiency of the traditional inertia stage blades in daily stable operation conditions. Figure 5 As shown in (a), (b), (c), and (d), as the thickness of the inertia stage blade increases, the air flow velocity inside the inertia stage blade channel increases, and more incoming droplet particles are captured and transported by the water trough, thereby improving the gas-water separation efficiency.

[0062] The present invention is used in the field of ship air intake filtration in offshore marine environments, and its specific functions are as follows:

[0063] When a ship is sailing at sea, the air inhaled by the air intake device contains a large amount of impurities such as seawater droplets, salt and aerosol. Salt is mainly dissolved in the droplet particles. The inertial stage blade uses the inertial separation principle to separate gas and liquid. The mass of air per unit volume is much smaller than the mass of droplets per unit volume. When the airflow flows through the curved flow channel of the inertial stage blade, the air can easily change the flow direction, while the droplets are affected by inertia and maintain their original state of motion. As a result, the droplets hit the wall of the inertial stage blade to form a water film, which converges and flows downstream along the wall. After entering the drain tank, it flows to the bottom under the action of gravity and is separated.

[0064] In addition, when ships are sailing in the Antarctic and Arctic waters, the extremely low ambient temperature and supercooled droplets in the air can cause the marine inertia-stage blades to freeze. Ice accumulation on the inertia-stage blades will seriously block the engine air intake passage, reduce the gas-water separation efficiency, and affect the safe, stable, and efficient operation of the gas turbine. Currently, mature solutions for solving the problem of icing on marine inertia-stage blades require input of external energy. The present invention relies on a water trough and core layer made of a moisture-sensitive composite material, and an inertia-stage blade with a self-heating coating. It can automatically change the size of the water trough and the thickness of the blade according to the water content of the airflow, and self-heat to increase the surface temperature of the blade. It ensures that the inertia-stage blades have a high gas-water separation efficiency under different air intake conditions.

[0065] In severe sea conditions or when the gas turbine output power is increased, the droplet content in the incoming air of the inertia stage blades increases dramatically. When the water content in the incoming air increases to a critical value (1.2 g / m 3 ), the humidity-sensitive composite materials with different expansion coefficients receive the signal of increased water content in the air, the humidity-sensitive composite materials will expand, and the water trough part will expand along the length direction, causing it to become larger; and the blades will also expand in the direction perpendicular to the incoming flow, resulting in an increase in blade thickness, thereby improving the water delivery capacity and separation efficiency of the inertia-stage blades. However, as the size of the water trough increases, the flow space for the airflow through the gap of the water trough decreases, the flow rate further increases, and the resistance loss of the inertia-stage blades increases. Therefore, at the expense of some resistance characteristics, the air-water separation efficiency under high incoming water content conditions is significantly improved, ensuring the intake quality of the gas turbine.

[0066] When the ship is sailing in normal sea conditions, the droplet content in the incoming air of the inertia blades decreases. When the water content of the incoming air is lower than the critical value (1.2g / m 3 ), the size of the water trough made of the humidity-sensitive composite material is reduced, the blade thickness is reduced, the air flow space becomes larger, and the air flow velocity is reduced. While ensuring the separation efficiency of the inertia stage blades, the pressure loss is reduced, thereby ensuring the requirement of the total intake pressure loss for the long-term operation of the gas turbine.

[0067] At the same time, when the ship is sailing in low-temperature waters such as the Antarctic and the Arctic. When the ambient temperature of the sea area is lower than 0°C, the self-heating coating on the surface of the blade expands when it is cold, forming a large number of elastic spherical protrusions on the surface of the inertia-stage blades. These spherical protrusions move irregularly under the action of the intake airflow, and the random collision and friction between the spherical protrusions generate a large amount of heat energy, thereby achieving the purpose of increasing the wall temperature of the inertia-stage blades. When the ambient temperature of the sea area is higher than 0°C, the self-heating coating shrinks when it is heated, and the surface of the self-heating coating is flat and smooth, with good aerodynamic characteristics, ensuring the resistance characteristics and gas-water separation efficiency of the inertia-stage blades. Ultimately, the gas-liquid separation efficiency of the inertia-stage blades under complex intake conditions is improved as a whole, improving the intake quality of the gas turbine.

[0068] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A self-heating inertia-stage blade that automatically changes the size of the water delivery trough and the thickness of the blade according to the moisture content of the airflow, characterized in that: It includes an inlet guide plate, an outlet guide plate and a water delivery unit; the water delivery unit has multiple groups, including a transition guide plate and a water delivery trough; the inlet guide plate, the outlet guide plate and the transition guide plates of each group of water delivery units all adopt the same three-layer sandwich form, including an upper metal material plate, a central core layer structure plate and a lower metal material plate, the upper metal material plate and the lower metal material plate are both provided with microporous structures, the central core layer structure plate adopts a first moisture-sensitive composite material, when the water content in the area where the inertial stage blade is located exceeds the critical value of the first moisture-sensitive composite material, the central core layer structure plate only changes in size in the vertical direction, so that The blade thickness of the inertia-stage blade changes; the water delivery troughs of each group of water delivery units use the same second humidity-sensitive composite material, and when the water content in the area where the inertia-stage blades are located exceeds the critical value of the second humidity-sensitive composite material, the water delivery troughs only change in size in the length direction; the outer wall surfaces of the inlet guide plate, the outlet guide plate and the transition guide plate of each group of water delivery units are provided with a self-heating coating, and the self-heating coating expands after contacting a cold airflow below the temperature critical value, and the elastic spherical protrusions formed by the expansion collide with each other under the influence of the airflow, rub against each other to generate heat, thereby ensuring that no ice forms on the surface of the inertia-stage blades.

2. The self-heating inertia-stage blade that automatically changes the water delivery trough size and blade thickness according to the water content of the airflow according to claim 1, characterized in that: Multiple groups of inertia stage blades are arranged vertically facing the direction of airflow, each group of inertia stage blades are parallel to each other and maintain a distance between them, an airflow channel is formed between two adjacent groups of inertia stage blades, the inlet guide plate and the outlet guide plate are arranged parallel to the direction of airflow, and the opening direction of the water delivery trough of each water delivery unit faces the direction of airflow.

3. The self-heating inertia-stage blade that automatically changes the water delivery trough size and blade thickness according to the water content of the airflow according to claim 1, characterized in that: The installation angle range between the inlet guide plate and the transition guide plate is 135° to 165°; the installation angle range between the transition guide plates of adjacent water delivery units is 90° to 150°.

4. The self-heating inertia-stage blade that automatically changes the water delivery trough size and blade thickness according to the water content of the airflow according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the initial state, the thickness of the inlet guide plate, the outlet guide plate and the transition guide plate of each group of water transfer units is L, the thickness of the upper metal material plate is the same as that of the lower metal material plate, the thickness L1 of the central core layer structure plate is L1∈[0.3L,0.5L], and the thickness of the central core layer structure plate is automatically adjusted within the range of L1 to 8.5L1 under the influence of the moisture content of the airflow.

5. The self-heating inertia-stage blade that automatically changes the water delivery trough size and blade thickness according to the water content of the airflow according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first moisture-sensitive composite material constituting the central core structure plate is designed according to the actual application conditions of the inertia stage blade. If the maximum moisture content of the airflow in the application condition is known to be x max , then the first humidity-sensitive composite material is designed to satisfy the following deformation formula: Where y1(x) is the deformation of the first humidity-sensitive composite material, x is the water content of the airflow; x1 is the critical water content at which the first humidity-sensitive composite material begins to deform, x1=x max / 2.2; x2 is the deformation limit water content of the first humidity-sensitive composite material, that is, after x>x2, the first humidity-sensitive composite material will no longer expand, x2=x max ; a is the deformation parameter of the first humidity-sensitive composite material, a=2.5±0.

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6. The self-heating inertia-stage blade that automatically changes the water delivery trough size and blade thickness according to the water content of the airflow according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the initial state, the length L2 of the water delivery trough of each group of water delivery units is L2∈[8L,10L]. Under the influence of the water content of the airflow, the length of the water delivery trough of each group of water delivery units is automatically adjusted within the range of L2 to 1.375L2.

7. The self-heating inertia-stage blade that automatically changes the water delivery trough size and blade thickness according to the water content of the airflow according to claim 6, characterized in that: The second moisture-sensitive composite material constituting the water delivery trough of each water delivery unit is designed according to the actual application conditions of the inertia stage blade. If the maximum water content of the airflow in the application condition is known to be x max , then the second humidity-sensitive composite material is designed to satisfy the following deformation formula: Wherein, y2(x) is the deformation amount of the second humidity-sensitive composite material, b is the deformation parameter of the second humidity-sensitive composite material, and b=2.2±0.

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8. The self-heating inertia-stage blade that automatically changes the water delivery trough size and blade thickness according to the water content of the airflow according to claim 1, characterized in that: A transition section is provided between the water delivery trough and the transition guide plate, and the length of the transition section is 0.8L~L.

9. The self-heating inertia-stage blade that automatically changes the water delivery trough size and blade thickness according to the water content of the airflow according to claim 1, characterized in that: The critical temperature of the self-heating coating for final expansion is 0°C to 2°C, the thickness of the self-heating coating is 0.15L to 0.25L, the diameter of the elastic spherical protrusions after the self-heating coating has finalized expansion is 0.1L to 0.3L, and the spacing between the elastic spherical protrusions is 0.15L to 0.25L.

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