Multi-hydrogen-storage-tank solid-state hydrogen storage system based on temperature control

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-hydrogen-storage-tank solid hydrogen storage system based on temperature control, and relates to the technical field of hydrogen energy storage, and the key points of the technical scheme are that the system comprises a plurality of hydrogen storage tanks, each hydrogen storage tank adopts different types of alloy hydrogen storage materials, each hydrogen storage tank is provided with an independent temperature control system, and the temperature is adjusted according to the types of the hydrogen storage materials; therefore, the hydrogen storage efficiency is optimized. The system can accelerate the hydrogen storage rate and improve the storage density through temperature control, the heat exchange device is arranged to improve the heat energy management efficiency, and accurate temperature control and cycle counting functions are achieved. The service life of the hydrogen storage material can be effectively prolonged, performance degradation is reduced, and the long-term stability of a hydrogen storage system is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen energy storage, and more specifically, to a multi-hydrogen storage tank solid-state hydrogen storage system based on temperature control. Background Art

[0002] As an energy carrier, hydrogen has the advantages of high energy density, environmental friendliness and pollution-free, and is an important support for future sustainable development. At present, there are three main ways to store hydrogen: gaseous hydrogen storage, liquid hydrogen storage and solid hydrogen storage. Among them, solid-state hydrogen storage technology usually uses metal hydrides, alloy hydrides, hydride composites, etc. as hydrogen storage materials. In particular, alloy hydrogen storage materials have been widely used in hydrogen storage systems due to their excellent hydrogen adsorption capacity and good thermal stability. However, the efficiency of the solid-state hydrogen storage system is affected by the temperature on the kinetic characteristics of hydrogen absorption and desorption of hydrogen storage materials, and different types of alloy hydrogen storage materials have different dependence on temperature. Therefore, how to achieve precise temperature control during the hydrogen storage process to adapt to the hydrogen storage characteristics of different materials is a key issue that needs to be urgently solved in the current solid-state hydrogen storage system.

[0003] In addition, hydrogen storage tanks, as containers specifically used to store hydrogen, are widely used in fuel cell vehicles. As a key link in the utilization of hydrogen energy, the development of hydrogen storage technology has received widespread attention. Existing temperature control technologies are mostly focused on the management of a single hydrogen storage tank, and lack temperature control solutions for multi-hydrogen storage tank systems. In practical applications, different types of hydrogen storage materials may coexist in the same hydrogen storage system, but because their hydrogen storage characteristics and temperature control requirements are different, how to achieve precise temperature control and coordinated management to ensure that each hydrogen storage tank operates within the optimal temperature range is still a technical problem. Therefore, in order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention proposes a multi-hydrogen storage tank solid-state hydrogen storage system based on temperature control. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a multi-hydrogen storage tank solid-state hydrogen storage system based on temperature control.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a multi-hydrogen storage tank solid-state hydrogen storage system based on temperature control, characterized in that it includes:

[0006] —Multiple hydrogen storage tanks, each of which is filled with different types of alloy hydrogen storage materials, and each hydrogen storage tank is equipped with a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, an electromagnetic switch, and a mass flow sensor;

[0007] - Temperature control module, which adjusts the temperature of each hydrogen storage tank through a PLC control unit.

[0008] Preferably, the hydrogen storage material includes one or more of rare earth alloys, titanium-iron alloys, and magnesium alloys.

[0009] Preferably, the hydrogen storage material is a hydride.

[0010] Preferably, the temperature control module further includes a heat exchange device, and the heat exchange device is arranged outside or inside the hydrogen storage tank.

[0011] Preferably, the temperature control module sets different optimal operating temperatures according to the thermodynamic properties of the hydrogen storage material.

[0012] Preferably, the temperature control module further includes a cycle counter for recording the number of charge and discharge cycles of the hydrogen storage material and adjusting the optimal operating temperature according to the number of cycles.

[0013] Preferably, the temperature of the titanium-iron alloy is controlled at 30° C., the temperature of the magnesium alloy is controlled at a starting value of 100° C., and the temperature of the rare earth alloy is controlled gradually according to the hydrogen charging and discharging process.

[0014] Preferably, the hydrogen storage system updates the cycle count according to the amount of remaining hydrogen during each hydrogenation. If the amount of remaining hydrogen is greater than 50%, the count increases by 0.5, and if the amount of remaining hydrogen is less than 50%, the count increases by 1.

[0015] Preferably, the counting rule of the hydrogen storage system is that if the remaining hydrogen amount H>50%, then N=N+0.5, and if the remaining hydrogen amount H≤50%, then N=N+1;

[0016] The temperature control difference relationship is:

[0017]

[0018] Among them, T d0 It represents the initial temperature control difference for non-hydrogen storage alloy materials that need to adjust the temperature control difference, T d Indicates the current temperature control difference, N indicates the cycle count), T opt represents the optimal temperature control target of hydrogen storage alloy, Indicates rounding down.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] 1. In the present invention, by means of a precise temperature control unit, the temperature is adjusted according to the type of hydrogen storage material (hydride or hydrogenated solid solution), so that hydrogen can be adsorbed and released within the optimal temperature range, thereby accelerating the hydrogen storage process and improving the storage density and hydrogen storage rate of hydrogen. For hydride hydrogen storage materials, appropriate temperature increase can increase the hydrogen absorption rate; for hydrogenated solid solution hydrogen storage materials, the diffusion rate of hydrogen atoms can be optimized by cooling, further improving the overall hydrogen storage efficiency.

[0021] 2. In the present invention, the performance degradation of hydrogen storage materials during long-term use is effectively reduced by accurately controlling the temperature of the hydrogen storage system and periodically adjusting the temperature control target. In particular, during the multi-cycle hydrogen charging and discharging process, the material structure damage caused by high or low temperature is avoided through real-time monitoring of the cycle counter and adjustment of the temperature control system, thereby extending the cycle life of the hydrogen storage material and improving the long-term stability of the system.

[0022] 3. In the present invention, the heat generated during the hydrogen storage process can be fully utilized by providing a heat exchange device, thereby avoiding the additional energy consumption required for temperature regulation in the traditional system. By providing a heat exchange pipe outside or inside the hydrogen storage tank, the system can effectively manage the heat released during the hydrogen storage process, improve the utilization efficiency of thermal energy, reduce dependence on external energy, reduce the overall energy consumption of the system, and improve the economy and environmental friendliness of the system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] It should be noted that the temperature parameters involved in the present invention are all expressed in degrees Celsius.

[0024] The present invention provides a multi-hydrogen storage tank solid-state hydrogen storage system based on temperature control, comprising a plurality of hydrogen storage tanks, each of which is filled with different types of alloy hydrogen storage materials; the alloy hydrogen storage materials include rare earth alloys, titanium-iron alloys, and magnesium alloys; each hydrogen storage tank is equipped with a temperature sensor, an electromagnetic switch, a pressure sensor, and a mass flow sensor; and also includes a temperature control module for adjusting the temperature in each hydrogen storage tank according to the type of hydrogen storage material, and the temperature control module is controlled by a PLC.

[0025] Furthermore, during the hydrogenation process, rare earth alloys first generate hydrogenated solid solutions, which gradually transform into hydrides as the hydrogenation process progresses; titanium-iron alloys store hydrogen in the form of hydrogenated solid solutions, with hydrogen atoms entering the grains to form stable solid solutions; magnesium alloys store hydrogen in the form of hydrides and operate at higher temperatures. The material selection of each hydrogen storage tank is based on its different hydrogen storage characteristics, combined with the adjustment of the temperature control module, to optimize the efficiency of the entire hydrogen storage process.

[0026] Furthermore, the temperature control module is used to adjust the temperature of each hydrogen storage tank to ensure that the hydrogen storage material adsorbs and releases hydrogen within the optimal temperature range. The PLC control unit in the module is responsible for controlling the working state of the heating and cooling equipment according to the type of hydrogen storage material; the PLC control unit adjusts the temperature of each hydrogen storage tank in real time according to the external temperature and the thermodynamic properties of the hydrogen storage material. The heating element and the cooling device are based on the needs of the hydrogen storage material. The temperature control module heats up through an electric heater or a heat exchanger, or cools down through a water cooling or air cooling device. For hydride hydrogen storage materials, the temperature control module appropriately heats up during hydrogenation; and for hydrogenated solid solution hydrogen storage materials, the temperature is appropriately reduced. Titanium-iron alloys themselves have an optimal operating temperature, and the system will maintain them operating at this temperature.

[0027] A heat exchange device is set in the temperature control module to improve the utilization efficiency of heat energy during the hydrogen storage process. Heat pipe and heat exchange medium The heat exchange device conducts heat from the outside or inside of the hydrogen storage tank through the heat pipe, and the inside can be filled with heat exchange media such as thermal oil and water. The heat exchange device can effectively recover the heat generated during the hydrogen storage process and use it to heat or cool other hydrogen storage tanks, thereby reducing the energy consumption required for external heating or cooling. Through the heat exchange device, the heat inside and outside the hydrogen storage tank can be effectively managed, optimizing the thermal energy utilization of the system and improving the thermal efficiency of the overall hydrogen storage system.

[0028] Furthermore, the system is equipped with multiple sensors for real-time monitoring of the status of the hydrogen storage tank. Each hydrogen storage tank is equipped with a temperature sensor for detecting the real-time temperature inside the hydrogen storage tank. The temperature sensor transmits data to the PLC control unit so that the heating or cooling device can be adjusted according to the actual temperature; the pressure sensor is used to monitor the pressure changes of the hydrogen inside the hydrogen storage tank to ensure that the hydrogen storage process is carried out within a safe range; the mass flow sensor is used to monitor the hydrogen flow rate of the hydrogen storage system in real time to ensure the stability of the flow of hydrogen during the charging and discharging process; the external temperature sensor senses the changes in the external ambient temperature and adjusts the target temperature of the hydrogen storage tank according to the changes in the external temperature. The PLC control unit records each hydrogen charging and discharging cycle, and adjusts the cycle count according to the remaining hydrogen amount during hydrogen charging, and adjusts the temperature difference of the temperature control target according to the cycle count to optimize the hydrogen storage process.

[0029] Working principle: During the hydrogenation process, hydrogen is first input into each hydrogen storage tank through an external high-pressure hydrogen source. After receiving the hydrogenation signal, the system's PLC control unit first obtains the external temperature and determines the temperature control direction according to the type of hydrogen storage material in each hydrogen storage tank. If the hydrogen storage material is a hydride type, the system appropriately raises the temperature through the heating element to accelerate the adsorption of hydrogen; if the hydrogen storage material is a hydrogenated solid solution type, the system appropriately lowers the temperature through the cooling device to optimize the diffusion rate of hydrogen atoms.

[0030] During the hydrogen filling process, the temperature sensor continuously monitors the temperature inside the hydrogen storage tank to ensure that the temperature is within the set range. If the external temperature changes, the system will automatically adjust the temperature control target to ensure that the hydrogen storage material absorbs hydrogen at the optimal temperature. The exothermic reaction during the hydrogenation process is also managed through a heat exchange device, and the heat generated is used to heat or cool other hydrogen storage tanks to improve energy efficiency.

[0031] During the hydrogen storage process, the system will adjust the temperature in the hydrogen storage tank according to the different characteristics of the hydride or hydrogenated solid solution materials, thereby optimizing the hydrogen absorption rate and amount. When the hydrogen storage reaches a certain level, the system will determine whether to enter the hydrogen release stage through the PLC control unit based on the monitored pressure, temperature and hydrogen flow data.

[0032] During the dehydrogenation process, the temperature control system will automatically adjust the temperature according to the dehydrogenation characteristics of the hydrogen storage material to ensure the release efficiency of hydrogen. For hydride hydrogen storage materials, the temperature control system promotes hydrogen release by lowering the temperature; while for hydrogenated solid solution hydrogen storage materials, appropriate temperature increase helps accelerate the release of hydrogen atoms.

[0033] During each hydrogenation process, the system will record the number of hydrogen storage tank charging and dehydration cycles. According to the amount of hydrogen remaining during each hydrogenation, the system will automatically adjust the value of the cycle counter and adjust the temperature control target temperature according to the number of cycles. When the number of hydrogenation cycles reaches 300, the system will gradually adjust the temperature control difference according to the set rules. The counting rule of the hydrogen storage system is that if the remaining hydrogen amount H>50%, then N=N+0.5, and if the remaining hydrogen amount H≤50%, then N=N+1. The temperature control difference relationship is

[0034]

[0035] Among them, T d0 It represents the initial temperature control difference for non-hydrogen storage alloy materials that need to adjust the temperature control difference, T d represents the current temperature control difference (the difference with the outside temperature, in °C), N represents the cycle count (updated by the remaining hydrogen amount during each hydrogenation), T opt represents the optimal temperature control target of the hydrogen storage alloy (the temperature control target remains unchanged in this case), Indicates rounding down. Ensure that the reversible hydrogen absorption capacity of the hydrogen storage material remains as constant as possible to reduce performance degradation.

[0036] The system's sensors provide real-time feedback on the hydrogen tank's temperature, pressure, flow and other parameters, and the PLC control unit makes adjustments based on these data. If an abnormal situation is detected (such as excessively high or low temperature, excessive pressure, etc.), the system will automatically activate the protection mechanism and adjust the working state of the hydrogen tank to ensure the safety and efficiency of the hydrogen storage process.

[0037] After each hydrogen charging and discharging cycle, the system will automatically reset and restart the next cycle. The hydrogen storage material in the hydrogen storage tank continuously adjusts the temperature control according to the feedback of the cycle counter to ensure that the hydrogen storage efficiency is always maintained at the optimal level.

[0038] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in any form. Any ordinary technician in the industry can smoothly implement the present invention according to the description. However, any equivalent changes, modifications and evolutions made by technicians familiar with the profession without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention using the technical content disclosed above are all equivalent embodiments of the present invention. At the same time, any equivalent changes, modifications and evolutions made to the above embodiments based on the essential technology of the present invention are still within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-tank solid-state hydrogen storage system based on temperature control, characterized in that: include: —Multiple hydrogen storage tanks, each of which is filled with different types of alloy hydrogen storage materials, and each hydrogen storage tank is equipped with a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, an electromagnetic switch, and a mass flow sensor; - Temperature control module, which adjusts the temperature of each hydrogen storage tank through a PLC control unit.

2. A temperature-controlled multi-hydrogen storage tank solid-state hydrogen storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrogen storage material includes one or more of rare earth alloys, titanium-iron alloys, and magnesium alloys.

3. A temperature-controlled multi-hydrogen storage tank solid-state hydrogen storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrogen storage material is a hydride.

4. A temperature-controlled multi-hydrogen storage tank solid-state hydrogen storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature control module further includes a heat exchange device, which is disposed outside or inside the hydrogen storage tank.

5. The temperature-controlled multi-hydrogen storage tank solid-state hydrogen storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature control module sets different optimal operating temperatures according to the thermodynamic properties of the hydrogen storage material.

6. A temperature-controlled multi-hydrogen storage tank solid-state hydrogen storage system according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that: The temperature control module also includes a cycle counter for recording the number of charge and discharge cycles of the hydrogen storage material and adjusting the optimal operating temperature according to the number of cycles.

7. A temperature-controlled multi-hydrogen storage tank solid-state hydrogen storage system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The temperature of the titanium-iron alloy is controlled at 30°C, the temperature of the magnesium alloy is initially controlled at 100°C, and the temperature of the rare earth alloy is gradually adjusted according to the hydrogen charging and discharging process.

8. A temperature-controlled multi-hydrogen storage tank solid-state hydrogen storage system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The hydrogen storage system updates the cycle count according to the remaining hydrogen amount during each hydrogenation. If the remaining hydrogen amount is greater than 50%, the count increases by 0.5, and if the remaining hydrogen amount is less than 50%, the count increases by 1.

9. A temperature-controlled multi-hydrogen storage tank solid-state hydrogen storage system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The counting rule of the hydrogen storage system is that if the remaining hydrogen amount H>50%, then N=N+0.5; if the remaining hydrogen amount H≤50%, then N=N+1; The temperature control difference relationship is: Among them, T d0 It represents the initial temperature control difference for non-hydrogen storage alloy materials that need to adjust the temperature control difference, T d Indicates the current temperature control difference, N indicates the cycle count), T opt represents the optimal temperature control target of hydrogen storage alloy, Indicates rounding down.

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