Deep high confined water rock stratum free-face directional blasting method

Abstract

The invention provides a free face-free directional blasting method for a deep high confined water rock stratum, which comprises the following steps of: drilling to a reservoir to be blasted, and determining the bottom depth of a drilled hole; the drill rod is lifted up by 30-50 cm, and the drill hole is filled with a plurality of hollow bodies upwards by 30-50 cm; raising the drill rod by a height H, upwards filling the drill hole by a height H by adopting a plurality of explosive bodies, and filling an initiating explosive body when the drill hole is filled to the height of 0.5 H; s3, the operation in the S3 is repeated until the drill rod is lifted to be 10-20 cm lower than the bottom face of the upper top plate of the reservoir, the drill rod is lifted upwards by 30-50 cm, and the drill hole is filled upwards by 30-50 cm again through a plurality of hollow bodies; the upper space of the hollow body in the drill hole is filled with cement upwards, and a blocking layer with the blocking thickness being 50-100 cm is formed; and detonating the initiating explosive. According to the method, collective packaging type blasting explosives are prepared into separated type blasting explosives with a certain sphericity, meanwhile, hollow bodies with an energy absorption function are prepared, and in combination with strength difference arrangement forms of different deep water-bearing strata, free-face-free directional blasting of the deep water-bearing strata can be achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of energy extraction, and in particular to a method for directional blasting of deep, highly pressurized water-bearing rock formations without an open surface. Background Art

[0002] In the process of developing deep low-permeability sandstone uranium mines and efficiently mining fossil energy, the technical problem of increasing the permeability of thin reservoirs is often encountered: that is, without affecting the lower floor and upper roof, the flow, replacement and mining efficiency of low-permeability energy in the pores are improved by increasing the crushing range and uniformity of the intermediate high-content rock energy reservoir.

[0003] The current methods for controlling the uniformity of rock reservoir crushing mainly include: perforation, hydraulic fracturing, blasting and other technologies. In this type of technology, the perforation range is 2~2.5m, the diameter of the bullet hole is small and the fracturing channel is limited. The perforation-assisted fracturing technology will also form the main fracture channel through the perforation aperture. In addition, the cracks formed by a single fracturing technology are mainly main cracks, the uniformity of the cracks is poor, and it is very easy to penetrate the upper and lower roof and floor plates, causing energy loss during the high-pressure return of energy or the escape of reservoir energy through the cracks of the upper and lower roof and floor plates. Blasting can easily produce relatively uniform cracks, but the existing blasting technology is mainly used in shallow waterless projects such as tunnel excavation with air faces. If the technology is directly applied to deep-ground hole blasting without air faces, the upper and lower roof and floor plates may be broken if the operation is not careful. In the existing waterless blasting construction, the blasting design parallel to the retained rock layer mainly adopts the contour blasting technology of uncoupled charge, and the blasting design of the blasthole perpendicular to the rock layer adopts a flexible material structure at the bottom of the blasthole or further adds a rigid structure to transfer the impact energy of the detonation wave to the side, but the effect of this method in rock blasting under high-pressure water conditions is unclear. In addition, for curved blastholes and special-shaped blastholes, the traditional strip explosive filling has the problem of blocking.

[0004] In summary, the shortcomings of the existing technology in this field are mainly reflected in: ① The impact of high-pressure water environment on the blasting effect is not considered; ② Under blasting conditions, it is impossible to simultaneously protect the integrity of the upper and lower roof and floor plates of the reservoir; ③ Under concentrated charging conditions, the concentrated release of explosion energy leads to the formation of a crushing zone in the near area, and excessive energy dissipation limits the expansion of the crack zone. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present application provides a method for directional blasting without an open face in deep, highly pressurized water rock formations. On the basis of considering the highly pressurized water environment, the method can protect the integrity of the upper and lower roof and floor plates in the directional blasting without an open face to adapt to different types of blastholes, and can improve the efficiency of in-situ leaching of oil or sandstone uranium mines while improving the uniformity of rock cracking.

[0006] The technical solution of this application is: A method for directional blasting of deep, highly pressurized water-bearing rock formations without an open surface comprises the following steps: S1, drilling to the reservoir to be blasted, and determining the bottom depth of the borehole; S2, lifting the drill rod by 30-50 cm, and using a plurality of hollow bodies through the center hole of the drill rod to fill the borehole upward within a height range of 30-50 cm; S3, raising the drill rod to a height H, using a plurality of explosive bodies to fill the borehole upward within a height range of H through the center hole of the drill rod, and adding a detonating body when the height reaches 0.5H; S4, repeating the operation in step S3 until the drill rod is lifted to a height 10-20 cm lower than the bottom surface of the upper roof of the reservoir to be blasted, lifting the drill rod upward by 30-50 cm, and using a plurality of hollow bodies through the center hole of the drill rod to fill the borehole upward again by 30-50 cm; S5, using high-strength underwater plugging cement to fill the upper space of the hollow body in the borehole upwards, and forming a plugging layer with a plugging thickness of 50 to 100 cm; S6, using a detonator to detonate the explosive body.

[0007] As a technical solution of the present application, in step S1, the method for determining the bottom depth of the borehole includes: When the rock strength of the upper roof and the lower floor of the reservoir to be blasted are both higher than the rock strength of the reservoir to be blasted, the borehole is drilled to a position 20 cm away from the top surface of the lower floor in the lower floor; When the rock strengths of the upper roof and the lower floor of the reservoir to be blasted are both lower than or equal to the rock strength of the reservoir to be blasted, the borehole is drilled to the top surface of the lower floor.

[0008] As a technical solution of the present application, in step S3, the range of the height H of the drill rod is 20cm≤H≤60cm.

[0009] As a technical solution of the present application, the hollow body is spherical or ellipsoidal, and the sphericity of the hollow body is 0.7~1.

[0010] As a technical solution of the present application, the exterior of the hollow body is sealed and the gravity is greater than the buoyancy of the area to be filled.

[0011] As a technical solution of the present application, the explosive body is spherical or ellipsoidal, and the sphericity of the explosive body is 0.7~1.

[0012] As a technical solution of the present application, the spherical shell of the explosive body is made of metal material, and the inner wall is covered with a layer of high-strength carbon fiber cloth, and the interior of the explosive body is filled with industrial explosives.

[0013] As a technical solution of the present application, the explosive body is spherical or ellipsoidal, and the sphericity of the explosive body is 0.7~1.

[0014] As a technical solution of the present application, the spherical shell of the detonating charge is made of metal material, and the inner wall is covered with a layer of high-strength carbon fiber cloth.

[0015] As a technical solution of the present application, a detonator with a lead is arranged at the inner center of the explosive body, and the area in the explosive body formed by the detonator and the high-strength carbon fiber cloth is filled with industrial explosives.

[0016] Beneficial effects of this application: The present application provides a method for directional blasting of deep, highly pressurized water-bearing rock formations without an open surface, which uses stackable separate spherical and ellipsoidal charge structure hollow bodies, explosive bodies and detonating bodies, and the explosive bodies and detonating bodies can be made of high-strength steel or non-metallic carbon fiber and basalt fiber and other materials. Its circular or elliptical structure can resist water pressure well, and is easy to transport in curved pipes, and can also fill blast holes of different structural shapes. Furthermore, the separate charge unit composed of the hollow body, the explosive body and the detonating body can be stored in the drill rod. The drill rod does not need to be lifted out. The separate spherical charge structure can be placed into the blasting charge position from the drill bit hole or the reserved hole of the drill rod by pushing action, and the problem of concentrated release of explosion energy during overall charging, which leads to the formation of a crushing zone in the near area and excessive energy dissipation, which limits the expansion of the crack zone, can be avoided. The clustered medicine ball unit composed of the hollow body, the explosive body and the detonating body can gradually release the explosion energy to expand the crack zone. In addition, the method adopts hollow body deformation to buffer and unload energy, which can reduce the direct impact of the explosive energy on the weak upper top plate and lower bottom plate, and achieves the effect of directional blasting. Moreover, the method solves the problem of long-distance transportation by releasing the medicine ball unit while drilling, simplifies the construction process, and improves production efficiency; at the same time, the design of the cluster medicine ball unit composed of the hollow body, the explosive body, and the detonating body not only meets the water pressure resistance environment, but also can adapt to the transportation pipelines of different shapes, and can also fill the special-shaped blastholes well. In addition, by using the same shape of hollow bodies in this method, repeated design is avoided and production costs are reduced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the implementation methods of the present application, the drawings required for use in the implementation methods will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0018] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the explosive packaging and filling structure in the method for directional blasting of deep, highly pressurized water-bearing rock formations without an open surface provided in the first embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of the explosive body provided in the first embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the explosive packaging and filling structure in the method for directional blasting in deep, highly pressurized water rock formations without an open surface provided in the second embodiment of the present application.

[0019] Icons: 1-reservoir to be blasted; 2-upper top plate; 3-lower bottom plate; 4-hollow body; 5-explosive body; 6-detonating body; 7-blocking layer; 8-spherical shell; 9-high-strength carbon fiber cloth; 10-industrial explosive; 11-detonator. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0021] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the present application for which protection is sought, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0022] First embodiment: Please refer to Figure 1 , with reference Figure 2 In the embodiment of the present application, a method for directional blasting of deep high-pressure water rock formation without an open face is provided. The method is applicable to the case where the rock strength of the upper roof 2 and the lower floor 3 of the reservoir 1 to be blasted is higher than the rock strength of the reservoir 1 to be blasted, so as to effectively overcome the technical defects of high water pressure, directional blasting with a protected reservoir, and slow release of explosive energy; wherein the method mainly comprises the following steps: S1, drilling a hole to the reservoir 1 to be blasted by using a drilling device, and drilling a hole to a position 20 cm away from the top surface of the lower bottom plate 3 of the reservoir 1 to be blasted by using the drilling device; S2, using drilling equipment to lift the drill pipe up 30-50 cm, and using multiple hollow bodies 4 to fill the borehole upwards within a height range of 30-50 cm through the center hole of the drill pipe; S3, using drilling equipment to raise the drill pipe to a height H, using multiple explosive bodies 5 to fill the borehole upward to a height range H through the center hole of the drill pipe, and adding a detonating body 6 when the filling reaches a height of 0.5H; wherein the range of the raising height H of the drill pipe is 20cm≤H≤60cm; S4, repeat the operation in step S3 until the drill rod is lifted to a height 10-20 cm lower than the bottom surface of the upper roof 2 of the reservoir 1 to be blasted, lift the drill rod upward by 30-50 cm, and use a plurality of hollow bodies 4 through the center hole of the drill rod to fill the borehole upward again by 30-50 cm; S5, using high-strength underwater plugging cement to fill the upper space of the hollow body 4 in the borehole upwards, and forming a plugging layer 7 with a plugging thickness of 50-100 cm; S6, using the detonator to detonate all the explosive bodies 6 in the explosive package group, and ensuring that one of them can be detonated normally.

[0023] It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the hollow body 4 is spherical or ellipsoidal, and the sphericity of the hollow body 4 is 0.7~1; at the same time, the outside of the hollow body 4 is sealed and the gravity is greater than the buoyancy of the area to be filled. The hollow body 4 of this structure has the effect of absorbing energy.

[0024] It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the explosive body 5 is spherical or ellipsoidal, and the sphericity of the explosive body 5 is 0.7-1. At the same time, the spherical shell 8 of the explosive body 5 is made of metal material, and the inner wall is covered with a layer of high-strength carbon fiber cloth 9, and the interior of the explosive body 5 is filled with industrial explosives 10.

[0025] It should be noted that, in the present embodiment, the explosive body 6 is spherical or ellipsoidal, and the sphericity of the explosive body 6 is 0.7-1. At the same time, the spherical shell 8 of the explosive body 6 is made of metal material, and the inner wall is covered with a layer of high-strength carbon fiber cloth 9. In addition, a detonator 11 with a lead is arranged at the inner center of the explosive body 6, and the area formed by the detonator 11 and the high-strength carbon fiber cloth 9 in the explosive body 6 is filled with industrial explosives 10.

[0026] Therefore, it adopts stackable separate spherical and ellipsoidal charge structure hollow body 4, explosive body 5 and detonator body 6, and the explosive body 5 and detonator body 6 can be made of high-strength steel or non-metallic carbon fiber and basalt fiber and other materials. Its circular or elliptical structure can resist water pressure well, and is easy to transport in curved pipes, and can also fill blast holes of different structural shapes. Furthermore, the separate charge unit composed of the hollow body 4, the explosive body 5 and the detonating body 6 can be stored in the drill rod. The drill rod does not need to be lifted out. The separate spherical charge structure can be placed into the blasting charge position from the drill bit hole or the reserved hole of the drill rod by pushing action, and the problem of concentrated release of explosion energy during overall charging, which leads to the formation of a crushing zone in the near area and excessive energy dissipation, which limits the expansion of the crack zone, can be avoided. The clustered medicine ball unit composed of the hollow body 4, the explosive body 5 and the detonating body 6 can gradually release the explosion energy to expand the crack zone. In addition, the method uses the deformation of the hollow body 4 to buffer and unload energy, which can reduce the direct impact of the explosive energy on the weak upper top plate 2 and lower bottom plate 3, and achieves the effect of directional blasting. Moreover, the method solves the problem of long-distance transportation by releasing the medicine ball unit while drilling, simplifies the construction process, and improves production efficiency; at the same time, the design of the cluster medicine ball unit composed of the hollow body 4, the explosive body 5 and the detonating body 6 not only meets the water pressure resistance environment, but also can adapt to the transportation pipelines of different shapes, and can also fill the special-shaped blastholes well. In addition, by using the same shape of hollow bodies 4 in the method, repeated design is avoided and production costs are reduced.

[0027] Second embodiment: Please refer to Figure 3 In the embodiment of the present application, a method for directional blasting of deep high-pressure water rock formation without an open face is provided. The method is applicable to the case where the rock strength of the upper roof 2 and the lower floor 3 of the reservoir 1 to be blasted is lower than or equal to the rock strength of the reservoir 1 to be blasted, so as to effectively overcome the technical defects of high water pressure, directional blasting with a protected reservoir, and slow release of explosive energy. Among them, the steps in the method are roughly the same as those in the first embodiment, except that the bottom depth of the borehole in the method is different from that in the first embodiment: In this embodiment, a drilling device is used to drill a hole to the reservoir 1 to be blasted, and the drilling device is used to drill a hole to the top surface of the lower bottom plate 3, and then subsequent construction operations can be carried out.

[0028] The above description is only the preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for directional blasting of deep, highly pressurized water-bearing rock formations without an open surface, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, drilling to the reservoir to be blasted, and determining the bottom depth of the borehole; S2, lifting the drill rod by 30-50 cm, and using a plurality of hollow bodies through the center hole of the drill rod to fill the borehole upward within a height range of 30-50 cm; S3, raising the drill rod to a height H, using a plurality of explosive bodies to fill the borehole upward within a height range of H through the center hole of the drill rod, and adding a detonating body when the height reaches 0.5H; S4, repeating the operation in step S3 until the drill rod is lifted to a height 10-20 cm lower than the bottom surface of the upper roof of the reservoir to be blasted, lifting the drill rod upward by 30-50 cm, and using a plurality of hollow bodies through the center hole of the drill rod to fill the borehole upward again by 30-50 cm; S5, using high-strength underwater plugging cement to fill the upper space of the hollow body in the borehole upwards, and forming a plugging layer with a plugging thickness of 50 to 100 cm; S6, using a detonator to detonate the explosive body.

2. The method for directional blasting of deep, highly pressurized water-bearing rock formations without an open surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the method for determining the bottom depth of the borehole includes: When the rock strength of the upper roof and the lower floor of the reservoir to be blasted are both higher than the rock strength of the reservoir to be blasted, the borehole is drilled to a position 20 cm away from the top surface of the lower floor in the lower floor; When the rock strengths of the upper roof and the lower floor of the reservoir to be blasted are both lower than or equal to the rock strength of the reservoir to be blasted, the borehole is drilled to the top surface of the lower floor.

3. The method for directional blasting of deep, highly pressurized water-bearing rock formations without an open surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the range of the height H of the drill rod is 20cm≤H≤60cm.

4. The method for directional blasting of deep, highly pressurized water-bearing rock formations without an open surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hollow body is spherical or ellipsoidal, and the sphericity of the hollow body is 0.7-1.

5. The method for directional blasting of deep, highly pressurized water-bearing rock formations without an open surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: The exterior of the hollow body is sealed and its gravity is greater than the buoyancy of the area to be filled.

6. The method for directional blasting of deep, highly pressurized water-bearing rock formations without an open surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: The explosive body is spherical or ellipsoidal, and the sphericity of the explosive body is 0.7-1.

7. The method for directional blasting of deep, highly pressurized water-bearing rock formations without an open surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spherical shell of the explosive body is made of metal material, and the inner wall is covered with a layer of high-strength carbon fiber cloth. The interior of the explosive body is filled with industrial explosives.

8. The method for directional blasting of deep, highly pressurized water-bearing rock formations without an open surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: The explosive body is spherical or ellipsoidal, and the sphericity of the explosive body is 0.7-1.

9. The method for directional blasting of deep, highly pressurized water-bearing rock formations without an open surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spherical shell of the detonating charge is made of metal material, and the inner wall is covered with a layer of high-strength carbon fiber cloth.

10. The method for directional blasting of deep, highly pressurized water-bearing rock formations without an open surface according to claim 9, characterized in that: A detonator with a lead is arranged at the inner center of the explosive body, and an area in the explosive body formed by the detonator and the high-strength carbon fiber cloth is filled with industrial explosives.

Images