Multi-specification axle automatic measuring device

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-specification axle automatic measuring device. Comprising a machine table, a supporting mechanism, a measuring mechanism and a control module, the supporting guide rails are arranged on the machine table, the supporting units are movably arranged on the supporting guide rails, each supporting unit corresponds to one section of axle, the axles are arranged on the supporting units, the rotating modules are arranged at the two ends of the axles, the axles are supported through the supporting units, and the axles are driven to rotate through the rotating modules; the transmission belt is arranged on the machine table, the rack is arranged on the transmission belt, optical measurement modules and contact type measurement modules are arranged on the rack, the optical measurement modules are flush with the height of an axle to form optical measurement stations, and the contact type measurement modules are located on the two sides of the axle to form contact type measurement stations; the PLC is in communication connection with the communication module, the supporting unit, the rotating module, the optical measuring module and the contact type measuring module. The size detection automation level is improved, and the number of operators and the working intensity are reduced.

Description

Technical field:

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of rail vehicle axle production, and in particular relates to an automatic measuring device for axles of multiple specifications. Background technology:

[0002] As a key component of rolling stock, axle dimensions require very high precision. To ensure that the matching dimensions of the bearing, axle, and axle box meet the technical requirements, the processing unit must carefully measure the dimensions of the relevant parts of the axle before installation. Dimension measurement is an essential quality control process in the axle processing process.

[0003] At present, the axles used in various types of EMUs produced by the company are measured manually after processing. The operator places the axle on the measuring platform and uses an outside micrometer to measure the outside diameter of each part. Due to structural limitations, manual handling and rotation are required during the measurement process. The axle is very heavy, resulting in high labor intensity for the operator. In order to ensure the accuracy of the measured values, three diameter values ​​are measured for each measuring section, and the average value is taken as the measured dimension. However, there are many measuring sections and the amount of measurement data is large. The dimensional measurement and recording work must be completed by two operators. During the construction process, the accuracy of data transmission mainly depends on the operator, and the intermediate transmission link is prone to errors and cannot fully guarantee accuracy. In addition, the measurement data are all entered into paper forms, and the data storage, transmission, and review and analysis work are cumbersome, which restricts the evaluation and optimization of axle processing and quality.

[0004] The information disclosed in this background technology section is only intended to enhance the understanding of the overall background of the invention and should not be regarded as an acknowledgment or any form of suggestion that the information constitutes the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art. Summary of the invention:

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide an automatic measuring device for axles of multiple specifications, so as to overcome the defects in the above-mentioned prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides an automatic measuring device for axles of multiple specifications, comprising a machine platform, a supporting mechanism arranged on the machine platform, a measuring mechanism, and a control module; the supporting mechanism comprises a supporting guide rail, a supporting unit, and a rotating module, the supporting guide rail is arranged on the machine platform, the supporting unit is movably arranged on the supporting guide rail, each supporting unit corresponds to an axle section, the axle is placed on the supporting unit, the rotating modules are arranged at both ends of the axle, the axle is supported by the supporting unit, and the axle is driven to rotate by the rotating module; the measuring mechanism comprises a transmission belt, a frame, an optical measuring module, and a contact measuring module, the transmission belt is arranged on the machine platform, the frame is arranged on the transmission belt, and the optical measuring module is arranged on the frame , contact measurement module, the optical measurement module is flush with the axle height to form an optical measurement station, the optical measurement station detects the axial size of the axle step surface and the arc size of the transition surface, the contact measurement modules are located on both sides of the axle to form a contact measurement station, the contact measurement station measures the radial runout and radial size of the axle; the control module includes a PLC controller and a communication module, the PLC controller is respectively connected to the communication module, the support unit, the rotation module, the optical measurement module, and the contact measurement module, the support unit, the rotation module, the optical measurement module, and the contact measurement module are controlled by the PLC controller, and the measurement data are sent to an external storage device through the communication module.

[0007] Preferably, in the technical solution, the optical measurement module includes a first servo motor, a lifting guide rail, a first ball screw, a belt transmission mechanism, a lifting block, a camera seat, a light source, a camera connecting plate, and a camera. The first servo motor, the lifting guide rail, the first ball screw, and the belt transmission mechanism are arranged on the frame, the first servo motor and the first ball screw are connected by the belt transmission mechanism, the lifting block is arranged on the lifting guide rail, the lifting block is connected to the first ball screw, the lifting block is provided with a camera seat, the camera seat is provided with a light source and a camera connecting plate, the camera connecting plate is an arc structure, the camera connecting plate bypasses the axle and extends to one side of the axle, a camera is provided at the end of the camera connecting plate, and the light source and the camera are arranged opposite to each other; the light source and the camera are driven by the first servo motor to move along the lifting guide rail, the light source and the camera are adjusted to a suitable height, the axle is located between the light source and the camera, the light source, the axle, and the camera are flush in height, an optical measurement station is formed between the light source and the camera, and the camera detects the axial size of the step surface of the axle and the arc size of the transition surface; the first servo motor is communicatively connected to the PLC controller.

[0008] Preferably, in the technical solution, the contact measurement module includes a first servo electric cylinder, a first radial guide rail, an outer measuring block connecting plate, an outer measuring block, a second servo electric cylinder, a second radial guide rail, a connecting rod, an inner measuring block, and a measuring grating; the first radial guide rail and the second radial guide rail are arranged on the frame, and the first radial guide rail is located above the second radial guide rail; a first servo electric cylinder is arranged in the first radial guide rail, and an outer measuring block connecting plate is arranged at the output end of the first servo electric cylinder, the outer measuring block connecting plate is an arc-shaped structure, the outer measuring block connecting plate bypasses the axle and extends to one side of the axle, and an outer measuring block is arranged at the end of the outer measuring block connecting plate; a second servo electric cylinder is arranged in the second radial guide rail, and a second servo electric cylinder is arranged at the output end There is a connecting rod, and an inner measuring block is arranged at the end of the connecting rod; measuring gratings are respectively arranged on the first servo electric cylinder and the second servo electric cylinder, and the measuring gratings measure the corresponding moving distances of the first servo electric cylinder and the second servo electric cylinder; the outer measuring block and the inner measuring block are arranged opposite to each other, and a contact measuring station is formed between the outer measuring block and the inner measuring block, and the axle is located between the outer measuring block and the inner measuring block, and the outer measuring block, the inner measuring block and the axle are highly aligned, and the outer measuring block and the inner measuring block measure the radial runout and radial size of the axle; the first servo electric cylinder and the second servo electric cylinder are connected to the PLC controller for communication; when measuring the diameter of the axle, the outer measuring block is retracted inwards and the inner measuring block is pushed outwards to form a vernier caliper structure to clamp the axle.

[0009] Preferably, in the technical solution, the optical measurement module and the contact measurement module are respectively provided with outer shells to protect the optical measurement module and the contact measurement module.

[0010] Preferably, in the technical solution, the support unit includes a base, a unit support, a second servo motor, a second ball screw, and a distance-adjustable guide rail. The base is arranged on the support rail, and the second servo motor, the second ball screw, and the distance-adjustable guide rail are arranged on the base. The second servo motor is connected to the second ball screw. The unit support is arranged on the distance-adjustable guide rail, and the unit support is connected to the second ball screw. The unit support is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the axle, and each axle section is supported by two corresponding unit support members; the second servo motor is communicatively connected to the PLC controller; the base is moved on the support rail to adjust the distance between the support units to adapt to axles of different lengths; the distance between the unit support members is adjusted to adapt to axles of different diameters.

[0011] Preferably, in the technical solution, the unit support member includes a support seat, a support block, and a profiling block. The support seat is arranged on the distance adjusting guide rail, the support seat is connected to the second ball screw, the support seat is provided with a support block, the top of the support block is provided with a V-shaped groove, the profiling block is provided with an arc surface matching the axle, the profiling block is obliquely arranged in the V-shaped groove, and the arc surface is arranged toward the side of the axle; the profiling blocks of the two symmetrical unit supports respectively support the arc surfaces on both sides of the axle.

[0012] Preferably, in the technical solution, the rotating module includes a fixed top mechanism and a movable top mechanism, the fixed top mechanism is arranged on the machine platform, the movable top mechanism is arranged on the supporting guide rail, the fixed top mechanism and the movable top mechanism are arranged opposite to each other and are respectively located at both ends of the axle; the fixed top mechanism includes a fixed seat, a third servo motor, a coupling, and a left top, the fixed seat is arranged on the machine platform, the fixed seat is provided with a third servo motor and a coupling, the third servo motor is connected to the coupling, and the coupling is connected to the left top; the movable top mechanism includes a movable seat, a top seat, and a right top, the movable seat is arranged on the supporting guide rail, the movable seat is provided with a top seat, and the top seat is provided with a right top; the left top and the right top are arranged opposite to each other, the axle is clamped by the left top and the right top in cooperation, the third servo motor is communicatively connected to the PLC controller, the left top is driven to rotate by the third servo motor, and then the axle is driven to rotate; by moving the position of the movable seat on the supporting guide rail, the distance between the left top and the right top is adjusted to adapt to axles of different lengths.

[0013] Preferably, in the technical solution, a cylinder and an axial guide rail are provided on the movable seat, the top seat is provided on the axial guide rail, the output end of the cylinder is connected to the top seat, the cylinder is communicatively connected to the PLC controller, and the cylinder drives the right top to move along the axial guide rail to fine-tune the axial position of the right top.

[0014] Preferably, in the technical solution, the external storage device is a computer.

[0015] A method for automatically measuring axles of multiple specifications, the steps of which are:

[0016] (1) According to the size of the axle, the operator moves the support unit and the unit support to the appropriate position, hoists the axle onto the support unit, supports the axle through the unit support, the left end of the axle is fixed in contact with the left center, moves the right center until the right center is fixed in contact with the right end of the axle, and the axle is clamped and fixed by the left center and the right center;

[0017] (2) The conveyor belt drives the frame to move to the first axle section, and the first servo motor drives the camera to descend to be flush with the first measuring position of the first axle section. The camera takes a photo of the first axle section to obtain photos of the step surface and transition surface of the first axle section, and sends the photo data to the PLC controller. The PLC controller calculates the axial dimension L1 of the step surface and the arc dimension R1 of the transition surface of the first axle section according to the photo data;

[0018] (3) The first servo electric cylinder drives the outer measuring block to move inward toward the first axle, and the second servo electric cylinder drives the inner measuring block to move outward toward the first axle. When the outer measuring block and the inner measuring block clamp the first axle, the measuring grating sends the displacement data of the outer measuring block and the inner measuring block to the PLC controller respectively; the PLC controller calculates the contact measurement diameter d of the first axle according to the displacement data of the outer measuring block and the inner measuring block. 11 ;

[0020] d 11 =d0-d ` 11 -d ` 2 ` 1,

[0021] Where d0 is the initial distance between the outer measurement block and the inner measurement block, d ` 11 is the displacement of the external measuring block, d ` 2 ` 1 is the displacement of the inner measuring block;

[0022] (4) The third servo motor is started to drive the axle to rotate, and the rotation angle is not less than 400°. During the rotation of the axle, the outer measuring block and the inner measuring block detect the radial runout value h1 of the axle, and send the radial runout value h1 of the axle to the PLC controller;

[0023] (5) After the radial runout and radial dimension measurement of the axle are completed, the outer measuring block and the inner measuring block are reset, and then steps (3) to (4) are repeated twice. The displacement data of the outer measuring block and the inner measuring block and the radial runout values ​​h2 and h3 of the axle are sent to the PLC controller to calculate the contact measurement diameter d of the first section of the axle. 12 ,d 13 ;

[0024] (6) Take d 11 ,d 12 ,d 13 The average value d is taken as the diameter of the first axle, and the average value h of h1, h2 and h3 is taken as the radial runout value of the first axle;

[0025] (7) The conveyor belt drives the frame to move to the next axle section, and the above operation is repeated until the axial dimension of the step surface, the arc dimension of the transition surface, the radial runout and the radial dimension of each axle section are all measured. The measured data is sent to the external storage device by the communication module for storage.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0027] We have developed an automatic measuring mechanism for the outer diameter of an integral axle. By combining optical measurement with contact measurement, we have improved the level of automation in dimensional inspection, avoided the problems of inaccurate positioning and unstable positioning of large-diameter outer diameter measuring tools, and caused measurement distortion. This reduces the number of operators and workload, shortens inspection time, and reduces human inspection errors and omissions and errors in recording data, which is of great significance to product quality control. Description of the drawings:

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the automatic measuring device for axles of multiple specifications of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a front view of the automatic measuring device for axles of multiple specifications of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a left view of the automatic measuring device for axles of multiple specifications of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 It is a top view of the automatic measuring device for axles of multiple specifications of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the measuring mechanism of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the front structure of the measuring mechanism of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the back structure of the measuring mechanism of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 8 It is the principle frame of the control module of the present invention. Specific implementation method:

[0036] The specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, but it should be understood that the protection scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments.

[0037] Unless explicitly stated otherwise, throughout the specification and claims, the term “comprise” or variations such as “include” or “comprising”, etc., will be understood to include the stated elements or components but not to exclude other elements or components.

[0038] like Figure 1-4As shown in , 8, an automatic measuring device for axles of multiple specifications includes a machine 1, a supporting mechanism 2 arranged on the machine 1, a measuring mechanism 3, and a control module; the supporting mechanism 2 includes a supporting rail 20, a supporting unit 21, and a rotating module 22, the supporting rail 20 is arranged on the machine 1, the supporting unit 21 is movably arranged on the supporting rail 20, each supporting unit 21 corresponds to an axle 4, the axle 4 is placed on the supporting unit 21, the rotating module 22 is arranged at both ends of the axle 4, the axle 4 is supported by the supporting unit 21, and the axle 4 is driven to rotate by the rotating module 22; the measuring mechanism 3 includes a transmission belt 30, a frame 31, an optical measuring module 32, and a contact measuring module 33, the transmission belt 30 is arranged on the machine 1, the frame 31 is arranged on the transmission belt 30, and the frame 31 is provided with An optical measurement module 32 and a contact measurement module 33. The optical measurement module 32 is flush with the axle 4 to form an optical measurement station. The optical measurement station detects the axial dimension of the axle step surface and the arc dimension of the transition surface. The contact measurement module 33 is located on both sides of the axle 4 to form a contact measurement station. The contact measurement station measures the radial runout and radial dimension of the axle. The control module includes a PLC controller 5 and a communication module 6. The PLC controller 5 is respectively connected to the communication module 6, the support unit 21, the rotation module 22, the optical measurement module 32, and the contact measurement module 33 for communication. The support unit 21, the rotation module 22, the optical measurement module 32, and the contact measurement module 33 are controlled by the PLC controller 5, and the measurement data is sent to the computer 7 through the communication module 6.

[0039] like Figure 5-7As shown, the optical measurement module 32 includes a first servo motor 320, a lifting guide rail 321, a first ball screw 322, a belt transmission mechanism 323, a lifting block 324, a camera seat 325, a light source 326, a camera connecting plate 327, and a camera 328. The first servo motor 320, the lifting guide rail 321, the first ball screw 322, and the belt transmission mechanism 323 are arranged on the frame 31, the first servo motor 320 and the first ball screw 322 are connected through the belt transmission mechanism 323, the lifting block 324 is arranged on the lifting guide rail 321, the lifting block 324 is connected to the first ball screw 322, the lifting block 324 is provided with a camera seat 325, and the camera seat 325 is provided with a light source 326 and a camera connecting plate 327. 27, the camera connecting plate 327 is an arc-shaped structure, the camera connecting plate 327 bypasses the axle 4 and extends to one side of the axle 4, a camera 328 is arranged at the end of the camera connecting plate 327, and the light source 326 and the camera 328 are arranged opposite to each other; the light source 326 and the camera 328 are driven by the first servo motor 320 to move along the lifting guide rail 321, and the light source 326 and the camera 328 are adjusted to a suitable height, the axle 4 is located between the light source 326 and the camera 328, the light source 326, the axle 4, and the camera 328 are aligned in height, an optical measurement station is formed between the light source 326 and the camera 328, and the camera 328 detects the axial size of the axle step surface and the arc size of the transition surface; the first servo motor 320 is communicatively connected to the PLC controller 5.

[0040] The contact measurement module 33 includes a first servo electric cylinder 330, a first radial guide rail 331, an outer measuring block connecting plate 332, an outer measuring block 333, a second servo electric cylinder 334, a second radial guide rail 335, a connecting rod 336, an inner measuring block 337, and a measuring grating 338; the first radial guide rail 331 and the second radial guide rail 335 are arranged on the frame 31, and the first radial guide rail 331 is located above the second radial guide rail 335; the first servo electric cylinder 330 is arranged in the first radial guide rail 331, and the output end of the first servo electric cylinder 330 is arranged with an outer measuring block connecting plate 332, the outer measuring block connecting plate 332 is an arc structure, the outer measuring block connecting plate 332 bypasses the axle 4 and extends to one side of the axle 4, and the outer measuring block 333 is arranged at the end of the outer measuring block connecting plate 332; the second servo electric cylinder 334 is arranged in the second radial guide rail 335, and the output end of the second servo electric cylinder 334 is provided with a connecting rod The connecting rod 336 is provided with an inner measuring block 337 at the end thereof; the first servo electric cylinder 330 and the second servo electric cylinder 334 are provided with measuring gratings 338 respectively, and the measuring gratings 338 measure the moving distances of the corresponding first servo electric cylinder 330 and the second servo electric cylinder 334; the outer measuring block 333 and the inner measuring block 337 are arranged opposite to each other, and a contact measuring station is formed between the outer measuring block 333 and the inner measuring block 337, and the axle 4 is located between the outer measuring block 333 and the inner measuring block 337, and the outer measuring block 333, the inner measuring block 337 and the axle 4 are highly aligned, and the outer measuring block 333 and the inner measuring block 337 measure the radial runout and radial dimension of the axle; the first servo electric cylinder 330 and the second servo electric cylinder 334 are communicatively connected with the PLC controller 5; when measuring the diameter of the axle, the outer measuring block 333 is retracted inwards and the inner measuring block 337 is pushed outwards, so as to form a vernier caliper structure to clamp the axle 4. The optical measurement module 32 and the contact measurement module 33 are respectively provided with a housing 34 outside to protect the optical measurement module 32 and the contact measurement module 33 .

[0041] like Figure 1-4 As shown, the support unit 21 includes a base 210, a unit support 211, a second servo motor 212, a second ball screw 213, and a distance-adjusting guide rail 214. The base 210 is arranged on the support rail 20, and the second servo motor 212, the second ball screw 213, and the distance-adjusting guide rail 214 are arranged on the base 210. The second servo motor 212 is connected to the second ball screw 213. The unit support 211 is arranged on the distance-adjusting guide rail 214, and the unit support 211 is connected to the second ball screw 213. The unit support 211 is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the axle 4, and each section of the axle 4 is supported by two corresponding unit support members 211; the second servo motor 212 is communicatively connected to the PLC controller 5; the base 210 moves on the support rail 20 to adjust the distance between the support units 21 to adapt to axles 4 of different lengths; the distance between the unit support members 211 is adjusted to adapt to axles 4 of different diameters.

[0042] The unit support 211 includes a support seat 2110, a support block 2111, and a profiling block 2112. The support seat 2110 is arranged on the distance adjustment guide rail 214, the support seat 2110 is connected to the second ball screw 213, the support seat 2110 is provided with a support block 2111, the top of the support block 2111 is provided with a V-shaped groove 2113, the profiling block 2112 is provided with an arc surface matching the axle 4, the profiling block 2112 is tiltedly arranged in the V-shaped groove 2113, and the arc surface is arranged toward the side of the axle 4; the profiling blocks 2112 of the two symmetrical unit supports 211 respectively support the arc surfaces on both sides of the axle 4.

[0043] The rotating module 22 includes a fixed top mechanism 23 and a mobile top mechanism 24. The fixed top mechanism 23 is arranged on the machine 1, and the mobile top mechanism 24 is arranged on the supporting guide rail 20. The fixed top mechanism 23 and the mobile top mechanism 24 are arranged opposite to each other and are respectively located at both ends of the axle 4; the fixed top mechanism 23 includes a fixed seat 230, a third servo motor 231, a coupling 232, and a left top 233. The fixed seat 230 is arranged on the machine 1, and the fixed seat 230 is provided with a third servo motor 231 and a coupling 232. The third servo motor 231 is connected to the coupling 232, and the coupling 232 is connected to the left top 233; the mobile top mechanism 24 includes a mobile The movable seat 240, the top seat 241, and the right top seat 242, the movable seat 240 is arranged on the supporting guide rail 20, the movable seat 240 is provided with a top seat 241, and the top seat 241 is provided with a right top seat 242; the left top seat 233 and the right top seat 242 are arranged opposite to each other, and the left top seat 233 and the right top seat 242 cooperate to clamp the axle 4, the third servo motor 231 is connected to the PLC controller 5 for communication, and the left top seat 233 is driven to rotate by the third servo motor 231, thereby driving the axle 4 to rotate; by moving the position of the movable seat 240 on the supporting guide rail 20, the distance between the left top seat 233 and the right top seat 242 is adjusted to adapt to axles 4 of different lengths.

[0044] The movable seat 240 is provided with a cylinder 243 and an axial guide rail 244. The top seat 241 is arranged on the axial guide rail 244. The output end of the cylinder 243 is connected to the top seat 241. The cylinder 243 is in communication connection with the PLC controller 5. The cylinder 243 drives the right top seat 242 to move along the axial guide rail 244 to fine-tune the axial position of the right top seat 242.

[0045] Before measurement, the operator moves the calibration piece toward the axle and touches it. The device defines the current grating displacement as 0, so the displacement deviation of the measuring grating is added or subtracted accordingly when measuring the axle.

[0046] A method for automatically measuring axles of multiple specifications, the steps of which are:

[0047] (1) According to the size of the axle, the operator moves the support unit and the unit support to the appropriate position, hoists the axle onto the support unit, supports the axle through the unit support, the left end of the axle is fixed in contact with the left center, moves the right center until the right center is fixed in contact with the right end of the axle, and the axle is clamped and fixed by the left center and the right center;

[0048] (2) The conveyor belt drives the frame to move to the first axle section, and the first servo motor drives the camera to descend to be flush with the first measuring position of the first axle section. The camera takes a photo of the first axle section to obtain photos of the step surface and transition surface of the first axle section, and sends the photo data to the PLC controller. The PLC controller calculates the axial dimension L1 of the step surface and the arc dimension R1 of the transition surface of the first axle section according to the photo data;

[0049] (3) The first servo electric cylinder drives the outer measuring block to move inward toward the first axle, and the second servo electric cylinder drives the inner measuring block to move outward toward the first axle. When the outer measuring block and the inner measuring block clamp the first axle, the measuring grating sends the displacement data of the outer measuring block and the inner measuring block to the PLC controller respectively; the PLC controller calculates the contact measurement diameter d of the first axle according to the displacement data of the outer measuring block and the inner measuring block. 11 ;

[0051] d 11 =d0-d ` 11 -d ` 2 ` 1,

[0052] Where d0 is the initial distance between the outer measurement block and the inner measurement block, d ` 11 is the displacement of the external measuring block, d ` 2 ` 1 is the displacement of the inner measuring block;

[0053] (4) The third servo motor is started to drive the axle to rotate, and the rotation angle is not less than 400°. During the rotation of the axle, the outer measuring block and the inner measuring block detect the radial runout value h1 of the axle, and send the radial runout value h1 of the axle to the PLC controller;

[0054] (5) After the radial runout and radial dimension measurement of the axle are completed, the outer measuring block and the inner measuring block are reset, and then steps (3) to (4) are repeated twice. The displacement data of the outer measuring block and the inner measuring block and the radial runout values ​​h2 and h3 of the axle are sent to the PLC controller to calculate the contact measurement diameter d of the first section of the axle. 12 ,d 13 ;

[0055] (6) Take d 11 ,d12 ,d 13 The average As the diameter of the first axle, take the average value of h1, h2, and h3 As the radial runout value of the first axle;

[0056] (7) The conveyor belt drives the frame to move to the next axle section, and the above operation is repeated until the axial dimension of the step surface, the arc dimension of the transition surface, the radial runout and the radial dimension of each axle section are all measured. The measured data is sent to the external storage device by the communication module for storage.

[0057] The foregoing description of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention is for the purpose of illustration and demonstration. These descriptions are not intended to limit the present invention to the precise form disclosed, and it is clear that many changes and variations can be made based on the above teachings. The purpose of selecting and describing the exemplary embodiments is to explain the specific principles of the present invention and its practical application, so that those skilled in the art can realize and utilize various different exemplary embodiments of the present invention and various different selections and changes. The scope of the present invention is intended to be limited by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An automatic measuring device for axles of multiple specifications, characterized by: The invention comprises a machine platform, a supporting mechanism arranged on the machine platform, a measuring mechanism and a control module; the supporting mechanism comprises a supporting guide rail, a supporting unit and a rotating module; the supporting guide rail is arranged on the machine platform, the supporting unit is movably arranged on the supporting guide rail, each supporting unit corresponds to an axle section, the axle is placed on the supporting unit, the rotating modules are arranged at both ends of the axle, the axle is supported by the supporting unit, and the axle is driven to rotate by the rotating module; the measuring mechanism comprises a transmission belt, a frame, an optical measuring module and a contact measuring module; the transmission belt is arranged on the machine platform, the frame is arranged on the transmission belt, the optical measuring module and the contact measuring module are arranged on the frame, the optical measuring module The block is flush with the height of the axle to form an optical measurement station, which detects the axial size of the step surface of the axle and the arc size of the transition surface. The contact measurement modules are located on both sides of the axle to form a contact measurement station, which measures the radial runout and radial size of the axle. The control module includes a PLC controller and a communication module. The PLC controller is respectively connected to the communication module, the support unit, the rotation module, the optical measurement module, and the contact measurement module for communication. The support unit, the rotation module, the optical measurement module, and the contact measurement module are controlled by the PLC controller, and the measurement data are sent to an external storage device through the communication module.

2. The multi-specification axle automatic measuring device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The optical measurement module includes a first servo motor, a lifting guide rail, a first ball screw, a belt transmission mechanism, a lifting block, a camera seat, a light source, a camera connecting plate, and a camera. The first servo motor, the lifting guide rail, the first ball screw, and the belt transmission mechanism are arranged on a frame. The first servo motor and the first ball screw are connected through a belt transmission mechanism. The lifting block is arranged on the lifting guide rail, and the lifting block is connected to the first ball screw. The lifting block is provided with a camera seat, and the camera seat is provided with a light source and a camera connecting plate. The camera connecting plate is an arc structure, and the camera connecting plate bypasses the axle and extends to one side of the axle. A camera is provided at the end of the camera connecting plate, and the light source and the camera are arranged opposite to each other. The light source and the camera are driven by the first servo motor to move along the lifting guide rail, and the light source and the camera are adjusted to a suitable height. The axle is located between the light source and the camera, and the light source, the axle, and the camera are flush in height. An optical measurement station is formed between the light source and the camera, and the camera detects the axial size of the step surface of the axle and the arc size of the transition surface. The first servo motor is communicatively connected to a PLC controller.

3. The multi-specification axle automatic measuring device according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The contact measurement module includes a first servo electric cylinder, a first radial guide rail, an outer measuring block connecting plate, an outer measuring block, a second servo electric cylinder, a second radial guide rail, a connecting rod, an inner measuring block, and a measuring grating; the first radial guide rail and the second radial guide rail are arranged on the frame, and the first radial guide rail is located above the second radial guide rail; the first servo electric cylinder is arranged in the first radial guide rail, and an outer measuring block connecting plate is arranged at the output end of the first servo electric cylinder, the outer measuring block connecting plate is an arc structure, the outer measuring block connecting plate bypasses the axle and extends to one side of the axle, and the outer measuring block is arranged at the end of the outer measuring block connecting plate; the second servo electric cylinder is arranged in the second radial guide rail, and a connecting rod is arranged at the output end of the second servo electric cylinder, An inner measuring block is arranged at the end of the connecting rod; measuring gratings are arranged on the first servo electric cylinder and the second servo electric cylinder respectively, and the measuring gratings measure the corresponding moving distances of the first servo electric cylinder and the second servo electric cylinder; the outer measuring block and the inner measuring block are arranged opposite to each other, and a contact measuring station is formed between the outer measuring block and the inner measuring block, and the axle is located between the outer measuring block and the inner measuring block, and the outer measuring block, the inner measuring block and the axle are highly flush, and the outer measuring block and the inner measuring block measure the radial runout and radial size of the axle; the first servo electric cylinder and the second servo electric cylinder are communicatively connected with the PLC controller; when measuring the diameter of the axle, the outer measuring block is retracted inwards and the inner measuring block is pushed outwards, so as to form a vernier caliper structure to clamp the axle.

4. The multi-specification axle automatic measuring device according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The optical measurement module and the contact measurement module are respectively provided with a shell outside.

5. The multi-specification axle automatic measuring device according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The supporting unit includes a base, a unit supporting member, a second servo motor, a second ball screw, and a distance-adjusting guide rail. The base is arranged on the supporting guide rail. The second servo motor, the second ball screw, and the distance-adjusting guide rail are arranged on the base. The second servo motor is connected to the second ball screw. The unit supporting member is arranged on the distance-adjusting guide rail. The unit supporting member is connected to the second ball screw. The unit supporting member is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the axle. Each axle section is supported by two corresponding unit supporting members. The second servo motor is communicatively connected to the PLC controller.

6. The multi-specification axle automatic measuring device according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The unit support component includes a support seat, a support block, and a profiling block. The support seat is arranged on the distance-adjusting guide rail, the support seat is connected to the second ball screw, the support seat is provided with a support block, the top of the support block is provided with a V-shaped groove, the profiling block is provided with an arc surface matching the axle, the profiling block is obliquely arranged in the V-shaped groove, and the arc surface is arranged toward the side of the axle; the profiling blocks of the two symmetrical unit supports respectively support the arc surfaces on both sides of the axle.

7. The multi-specification axle automatic measuring device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The rotating module includes a fixed top mechanism and a movable top mechanism. The fixed top mechanism is arranged on the machine platform, and the movable top mechanism is arranged on the supporting guide rail. The fixed top mechanism and the movable top mechanism are arranged opposite to each other and are respectively located at both ends of the axle; the fixed top mechanism includes a fixed seat, a third servo motor, a coupling, and a left top. The fixed seat is arranged on the machine platform, and a third servo motor and a coupling are arranged on the fixed seat. The third servo motor is connected to the coupling, and the coupling is connected to the left top; the movable top mechanism includes a movable seat, a top seat, and a right top. The movable seat is arranged on the supporting guide rail, and a top seat is arranged on the movable seat, and a right top is arranged on the top seat; the left top and the right top are arranged opposite to each other, and the axle is clamped by the cooperation of the left top and the right top, and the third servo motor is communicatively connected to the PLC controller.

8. The multi-specification axle automatic measuring device according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The movable seat is provided with a cylinder and an axial guide rail, the top seat is provided on the axial guide rail, the output end of the cylinder is connected with the top seat, and the cylinder is connected with a PLC controller for communication.

9. The multi-specification axle automatic measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The external storage device is a computer.

10. A method for forming the multi-specification axle automatic measuring device according to claim 7, comprising the following steps: (1) According to the size of the axle, the operator moves the support unit and the unit support to the appropriate position, hoists the axle onto the support unit, supports the axle through the unit support, the left end of the axle is fixed in contact with the left center, moves the right center until the right center is fixed in contact with the right end of the axle, and the axle is clamped and fixed by the left center and the right center; (2) The conveyor belt drives the frame to move to the first axle section, and the first servo motor drives the camera to descend to be flush with the first measuring position of the first axle section. The camera takes a photo of the first axle section to obtain photos of the step surface and transition surface of the first axle section, and sends the photo data to the PLC controller. The PLC controller calculates the axial dimension L1 of the step surface and the arc dimension R1 of the transition surface of the first axle section according to the photo data; (3) The first servo electric cylinder drives the outer measuring block to move inward toward the first axle, and the second servo electric cylinder drives the inner measuring block to move outward toward the first axle. When the outer measuring block and the inner measuring block clamp the first axle, the measuring grating sends the displacement data of the outer measuring block and the inner measuring block to the PLC controller respectively; the PLC controller calculates the contact measurement diameter d of the first axle according to the displacement data of the outer measuring block and the inner measuring block. 11 ; d 11 =d0-d ` 11 -d ` 2 ` 1, in, d0 is the initial distance between the outer measurement block and the inner measurement block, d ` 11 is the displacement of the external measuring block, d ` 2 ` 1 is the displacement of the inner measuring block; (4) The third servo motor is started to drive the axle to rotate, and the rotation angle is not less than 400°. During the rotation of the axle, the outer measuring block and the inner measuring block detect the radial runout value h1 of the axle, and send the radial runout value h1 of the axle to the PLC controller; (5) After the radial runout and radial dimension measurement of the axle are completed, the outer measuring block and the inner measuring block are reset, and then steps (3) to (4) are repeated twice. The displacement data of the outer measuring block and the inner measuring block and the radial runout values ​​h2 and h3 of the axle are sent to the PLC controller to calculate the contact measurement diameter d of the first section of the axle. 12 ,d 13 ; (6) Take d 11 ,d 12 ,d 13 The average value d is taken as the diameter of the first axle, and the average value h of h1, h2 and h3 is taken as the radial runout value of the first axle; (7) The conveyor belt drives the frame to move to the next axle section, and the above operation is repeated until the axial dimension of the step surface, the arc dimension of the transition surface, the radial runout and the radial dimension of each axle section are all measured. The measured data is sent to the external storage device by the communication module for storage.

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