A method for arranging a blasting vibration monitoring point suitable for complex geological terrain

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of blast vibration monitoring point arrangement methods suitable for complex geological terrain.The method fully considers the complex geological and topographical features in blast vibration monitoring area, the distribution characteristics of blast source center, geological and topographical features and protection objects and the like influencing vibration propagation are simplified, the influence degree thereof on blast vibration attenuation law is described by characteristic symbol and weight factor and is drawn on map;The number of measuring points is calculated according to the geological and topographical features, and the arrangement range of measuring points in the monitoring area is determined according to the logarithmic rule of near dense far sparse;The measuring points are projected into the monitoring sector, and the position of measuring points is adjusted according to the rule and weight factor, to obtain the blast vibration measuring point arrangement map which can fully reflect the complex geological and topographical conditions.In the study of blast vibration attenuation law in complex geological and topographical area, the method can more comprehensively and systematically guide the arrangement of measuring points, greatly improve the accuracy of vibration attenuation law fitting, and has wide application prospect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of blasting vibration safety monitoring, and in particular to a blasting vibration monitoring point arrangement method suitable for complex geological terrain. Background Art

[0002] The construction of large-scale hydropower and mining projects often involves extensive, repeated blasting, which can induce strong dynamic responses in the project area and adjacent structures. When vibration exceeds a certain threshold, it can cause structural damage. To control blasting vibration safety and optimize blasting design parameters, research on the attenuation of blasting vibration is necessary. Currently, a common approach involves placing a certain number of vibration sensors between the blasting source and the protected object. These sensors measure the peak particle vibration velocities induced at different blast center distances and charge sizes, and then fit vibration attenuation formulas to illustrate the attenuation patterns. When studying the attenuation patterns of field blasting vibration propagation, it is necessary to consider complex geological and topographical factors, as well as the distribution of the blasting source and protected objects, to rationally arrange measurement points to fully reflect the attenuation characteristics within the monitored area. However, in practice, the placement of measurement points remains somewhat unreliable and lacks scientific theoretical guidance.

[0003] In view of the above problems, it is of great engineering significance to invent a method for distributing vibration monitoring points in complex geological terrain that comprehensively considers the characteristics that affect vibration propagation in the engineering area and improves the accuracy of the attenuation law formula. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to address the shortcomings of the aforementioned prior art in deploying monitoring points in complex geological terrain by providing a method for arranging blasting vibration monitoring points suitable for such terrain. This method comprehensively and comprehensively considers the geological topography, elevation changes, and object distribution within the project area that influence vibration propagation. While ensuring the adequacy of monitoring results, it also largely reflects the vibration attenuation patterns under the influence of various factors, effectively improving the accuracy of the fitting formula.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a method for arranging blasting vibration monitoring points suitable for complex geological terrain, comprising the following steps:

[0006] Step 1: Count the geological and topographical characteristics of the area where the blasting source and the protected object are located, and compile and draw a geological and topographic distribution map of the blasting area and the protected object;

[0007] Step 2: With the explosion source as the center, extract the map sector containing all protected objects, simplify the geological and topographic features within the sector into geological condition description symbols and topographic condition description symbols, and use weight factors to represent the degree of influence of geological and topographic features on the vibration attenuation law;

[0008] Step 3: According to the characteristics and weight results of step 2, the number of blast vibration layout points is calculated, and formula (2) is used for calculation

[0009]

[0010] Where M is the number of blast vibration layout points; i, j, k, and l represent the number of geological features, topographic features, protected objects, and blast sources, respectively; a i is the weight factor of geological features; β j is the weight factor of topographic features.

[0011] Step 4: The layout range of the measuring points is determined according to the logarithmic rule of close and dense far and sparse, and projected into the sector map.

[0012] Step 5: According to the corresponding rules and the distribution of geological and topographic features, combined with the layout range of the measuring points given in step 4, the layout positions of the measuring points are determined to form a blast vibration monitoring point layout map.

[0013] Further, the geological and topographic features within the distribution sector of the blast area and the protected objects are quantified, represented by feature symbols and weight factors.

[0014] Further, the weight factor of geological features proposed in step 2 is determined based on the inverse relationship between geology and blast vibration attenuation.

[0015] Further, when the geological features are rock strata, joints, alluvial fans, and rivers, the weight factor is 1; when the geological features are faults or folds, the weight factor is 2.

[0016] Further, the weight factor of topographic features proposed in step 2 is determined according to the along-height fluctuation characteristics to determine its influence on blast vibration attenuation, and formula (1) is used for calculation

[0017]

[0018] Where j is the topographic feature, β j is the weight factor of topographic features, h j is the absolute height difference, m; l j is the fluctuation distance, m; [] represents rounding to the nearest integer.

[0019] Further, the distance between the blast measuring point and the blast source proposed in step 4 is determined according to the logarithmic rule, and formula (3) is used for calculation

[0020]

[0021] Where M is the number of blast vibration layout points, f is the fth measuring point, and D frepresents the distance from the fth point to the blast source, m; R is the scope of the engineering blasting impact area, m; e is the natural logarithm.

[0022] Furthermore, when M≤5, M is set to 5.

[0023] Furthermore, step 5 proposes that the measurement point position is determined within the logarithmic distance range given in step 4 according to the following rules:

[0024] Rule 1: Place one measuring point at the location where geological conditions generally change; when encountering special geological conditions, place measuring points on both sides of the location where the geological conditions suddenly change.

[0025] Rule 2: Place measuring points at undulating locations based on terrain characteristics. The principle for measuring point placement should be determined in conjunction with the description operator. When there are more than two measuring points, they are generally placed at the starting and ending points of the terrain transformation. The remaining measuring points are placed every 40-60 meters along the undulations.

[0026] Rule 3: When the protected object is a building, the monitoring point is placed on the foundation surface closest to the explosion source. When the protected object is a slope, the monitoring point is placed at the inner slope foot of the horse trail closest to the explosion area. When the building is more than 10 stories high or the slope is more than 30m high, an additional monitoring point is required on the top floor or the top of the slope.

[0027] Rule 4: A measuring point should be set up within 5m of the explosion source.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0029] (1) The present invention counts and quantifies the vibration attenuation characteristics affecting the blasting area and the scope of the protected objects, determines the relationship between the characteristics and the number of measuring points according to the degree of their influence, and fully considers and accurately describes the field blasting vibration monitoring environment; unlike the previous blind point arrangement, the present invention further introduces the constraint conditions of the characteristics on the arrangement of measuring points based on the logarithmic distribution rule of the measurement points to the blast source, so that the measurement point arrangement method proposed by the present invention not only meets the distance requirements of the vibration attenuation law, but also adds consideration of other influencing factors within the research scope, making the fitting result closer to the actual vibration attenuation law. This method can realize the systematic and accurate arrangement of field blasting vibration measuring points, and while guiding the arrangement of field blasting vibration measuring points, it greatly improves the accuracy of the vibration attenuation law fitting.

[0030] (2) The present invention can be widely used in large-scale, wide-area repeated blasting vibration safety monitoring in the fields of water conservancy and hydropower engineering, mining, blasting and demolition, etc., and provides a scientific method guidance for the arrangement of measuring points for studying the attenuation law of blasting vibration, and has strong practicality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1It is a schematic diagram of the process of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of a sector for studying the blasting vibration attenuation law involved in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a preliminary determination range of measurement point positions involved in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of blasting vibration measurement points after adjustment according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] In the figure:

[0036] n1-n4, geological characteristics

[0037] h1~h4, topographic features;

[0038] p1-p3, characteristics of the protected object;

[0039] b1. Explosion source. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with the embodiments. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined unless they conflict. For ease of description, the words "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" appear below merely to indicate the directions of upper, lower, left, and right in the accompanying drawings and do not limit the structure.

[0041] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a method for arranging blasting vibration monitoring points applicable to complex geological terrain, comprising the following steps:

[0042] Step 1: Collect blasting design and on-site construction technical data as well as geological and topographic data of the blasting area and protected areas. Combined with the on-site survey results, compile and draw a distribution map of the blasting area and protected areas, as shown in the attached figure. Figure 2 shown.

[0043] Step 2: With the blast source as the center, count the characteristics of the sectors formed by the protected objects that affect the attenuation law of blasting vibration propagation, as shown in the attached figure. Figure 3 As shown, specifically including the following:

[0044] (1) Statistical geological structural characteristics, including rock layer characteristics and special geological structures such as faults and folds, denoted as n i , the geological structure weight factor is calculated by α i Characterization, where α i The value can be obtained according to Table 1.

[0045] Table 1 Measurement point distance calculation table

[0046] geological characteristics rock formations Fault wrinkles joints Alluvial fan river <![CDATA[α i ]]> 1 2 2 1 1 1

[0047] Note:

[0048] 1. The attenuation patterns of blasting vibration propagation are consistent in homogeneous rock formations, joints, and alluvial fans, so a single measuring point is sufficient, and the weight factor is 1. 2. River geological characteristics are generally accompanied by topographical features on both sides of the river, so a single measuring point can generally be placed on the bank farthest from the blast source, and the weight factor is 1. 3. Faults and folds are relatively typical geological features that reflect the geological structure of the region. They are generally complex and have a significant impact on the attenuation patterns of blasting vibration. Measuring points are generally placed on both sides of the fault or fold to focus on the attenuation characteristics of the region, and the weight factor is 2.

[0049] (2) Count the topographic features such as hills, valleys, basins, steep rock faces, etc., denoted as h j , the height fluctuation characteristics along the route are determined by the weight factor β j Characterization, where β j It can be calculated according to formula (1)

[0050]

[0051] Where j is the terrain feature, β j is the terrain feature weight factor, h j is the absolute height difference of undulation, m; l j is the undulation distance, m; [] indicates rounding to the nearest integer;

[0052] (3) Count the protected objects within the project area, denoted as p k ;

[0053] (4) Count the number of explosion sources, denoted as b l ;

[0054] Step 3: Based on the statistical results of step 2, calculate the number of blasting vibration measurement points M, and calculate according to formula (2):

[0055]

[0056] Among them, M is the number of blasting vibration measurement points, i, j, k, l represent geological characteristics, terrain characteristics, protection objects and the number of blasting sources respectively, α i is the geological characteristic weight factor; β j is the terrain feature weight factor; when M≤5, it is recommended to take 5.

[0057] Step 4: After determining the number of monitoring points, preliminarily determine the location of the monitoring points according to the logarithmic rule of the distance from the explosion source, and mark the location of the monitoring points on the map, as shown in the attached figure. Figure 4 As shown, the measuring point range is preliminarily determined and calculated according to formula (3)

[0058]

[0059] Where, M is the number of blasting vibration measurement points, f is the fth measurement point, and D f represents the distance from the fth point to the blast source, m; R is the scope of the engineering blasting impact area, m; e is the natural logarithm;

[0060] Step 5: Project the measuring point range into the sector area and adjust the measuring point position according to the following rules:

[0061] (1) Place a measuring point at the location where the geological conditions change, such as changes in stratum lithology; when encountering special geological conditions, place measuring points on both sides of the sudden change location, such as faults, folds, etc.

[0062] (2) According to the terrain characteristics, the measurement points are arranged in the undulating areas. The principle of measurement point arrangement needs to be combined with the description operator β j When the number of measuring points exceeds 2, they are usually arranged at the starting and ending points of the terrain change, and the remaining measuring points are arranged every 50m along the undulation distance;

[0063] (3) In general, when the protected object is a building (structure), the monitoring point is arranged on the foundation surface closest to the explosion source. When the protected object is a slope, the monitoring point is arranged at the foot of the inner slope of the horse trail closest to the explosion area. When the height is high (the building height exceeds 10 floors or the slope height exceeds 30m), it is necessary to add a measuring point on the top floor or the top of the slope.

[0064] (4) A measuring point should be arranged within 5m of the explosion source.

[0065] Step 6: Draw the adjusted measuring point locations on the map, arrange vibration sensors according to the locations, and monitor the blasting vibration response.

[0066] As an innovation, this method comprehensively considers the characteristics that affect the attenuation law of blasting vibration within the blasting area and the protected object, and establishes the relationship between the characteristics and the number of measuring points in a quantitative way.

[0067] As an improvement, this method further studies the factors affecting the change of height along the route and proposes a weight factor to establish the impact of this change on the distribution of measuring points.

[0068] As an improvement, the measurement point arrangement scheme described in this method combines the logarithmic rule of close-to-close and far-to-sparse and the characteristic distribution.

[0069] Below by embodiment, with reference to Figure 1 -Attached Figure 4 , the present invention is further described.

[0070] Taking the excavation of a hydropower project as an example, the above-mentioned method for arranging blasting vibration monitoring points suitable for complex geological terrain was used to determine the location of the monitoring points in the project area. The specific steps are as follows:

[0071] A method for arranging blasting vibration monitoring points suitable for complex geological terrain includes the following steps:

[0072] Step 1: Collect and organize geological and topographic data within the blasting project area of ​​the material yard and the distribution of protected objects. Combined with the on-site survey results of the material yard, organize and draw a distribution map of the blasting area and protected objects.

[0073] Step 2: With the blast source as the center, count the characteristics of the influence of the sector formed by the protected object to describe the attenuation law of blasting vibration propagation, as shown in the attached figure. Figure 2 As shown, it contains the following:

[0074] Table 2 Statistics of characteristics of blasting-affected areas

[0075]

[0076]

[0077] Step 3: Calculate the number of blasting vibration measurement points M=11 based on the characteristic results of step 2;

[0078] Step 4: After determining the number of monitoring points, preliminarily determine the range of monitoring point layout according to the logarithmic rule of the distance from the explosion source, and use dotted lines to divide the area into different areas, as shown in the attached figure. Figure 3 As shown, the maximum range of the sector affected by blasting and excavation in this material field does not exceed 500m. The distances of each survey line are calculated as shown in the following table:

[0079] Table 3 Measurement point distance calculation table Unit: m

[0080]

[0081] Step 5: Project the measuring point position into the sector area and adjust the measuring point position according to the rules, as shown in the attached figure. Figure 4 As shown;

[0082] Step 6: Draw the adjusted measuring point locations on the map, arrange vibration sensors according to the locations, and monitor the blasting vibration response.

[0083] The contents described in the above embodiments should be understood as these embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the present invention, and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention. After reading the present invention, various equivalent modifications to the embodiments made by those skilled in the art fall within the scope defined by the claims attached to the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for arranging blasting vibration monitoring points suitable for complex geological terrain, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Count the geological and topographical characteristics of the area where the blasting source and the protected object are located, and compile and draw a geological and topographic distribution map of the blasting area and the protected object; Step 2: With the explosion source as the center, extract the map sector containing all protected objects, simplify the geological and topographic features within the sector into geological condition description symbols and topographic condition description symbols, and use weight factors to represent the degree of influence of geological and topographic features on the vibration attenuation law; Step 3: Based on the statistical features and weights of step 2, calculate the number of blasting vibration measurement points according to formula (2). Where M is the number of blasting vibration measurement points; i, j, k, l represent geological characteristics, topographic characteristics, protected objects and the number of blasting sources respectively; α i is the geological characteristic weight factor; β j is the terrain feature weight factor; Step 4: Determine the range of measurement point layout according to the logarithmic rule of the distance from the explosion source, with close proximity and far distance, and project it onto the sector map; Step 5: According to the corresponding rules and the distribution of geological and topographical features, combined with the measurement point layout range given in step 4, determine the measurement point layout location and form a blasting vibration monitoring point layout map.

2. The method for arranging blasting vibration monitoring points suitable for complex geological terrain according to claim 1, characterized in that: The geological and topographic characteristics within the explosion area and the protection object distribution sector are quantified and expressed by characteristic symbols and weight factors.

3. The method for arranging blasting vibration monitoring points applicable to complex geological terrain according to claim 1, characterized in that: The weight factors of geological characteristics proposed in step 2 are determined based on the inverse relationship between geology and blasting vibration attenuation law.

4. The method for arranging blasting vibration monitoring points applicable to complex geological terrain according to claim 3, characterized in that: When the geological feature is a rock layer, joint, alluvial fan, or river, the geological feature weight factor is 1; when the geological feature is a fault or fold, the geological feature weight factor is 2.

5. The method for arranging blasting vibration monitoring points applicable to complex geological terrain according to claim 1, characterized in that: The terrain feature weight factor proposed in step 2 is based on the height fluctuation characteristics along the route to determine its influence on the blasting vibration attenuation, and is calculated using the following formula (1): Where j is the terrain feature, β j is the terrain feature weight factor, h j is the absolute height difference of undulation, in m; l j is the undulation distance in meters; [] indicates rounding to the nearest integer.

6. The method for arranging blasting vibration monitoring points in complex geological terrain according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance between the blasting point and the blasting source proposed in step 4 is determined according to the logarithmic rule and is calculated using the following formula (3): Where, M is the number of blasting vibration measurement points, f is the fth measurement point, and D f represents the distance from the fth point to the blast source, in meters; R represents the scope of the engineering blasting impact area, in meters; e is the natural logarithm.

7. The method for arranging blasting vibration monitoring points in complex geological terrain according to claim 1, characterized in that: When M≤5, M is 5.

8. A method for arranging blasting vibration monitoring points applicable to complex geological terrain according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: Step 5 proposes that the measurement point location is determined within the logarithmic distance range given in step 4 according to the following rules: Rule 1: Place one measuring point at the location where geological conditions generally change; when encountering special geological conditions, place measuring points on both sides of the location where the geological conditions suddenly change. Rule 2: Arrange measuring points at undulating locations based on terrain characteristics. If there are more than two measuring points, they are generally placed at the starting and ending points of the terrain change. The remaining measuring points are placed every 40m-60m along the undulations. Rule 3: When the protected object is a building, the monitoring point is placed on the foundation surface closest to the explosion source. When the protected object is a slope, the monitoring point is placed at the inner slope foot of the horse trail closest to the explosion area. When the building is more than 10 stories high or the slope is more than 30m high, an additional monitoring point is required on the top floor or the top of the slope. Rule 4: A measuring point should be set up within 5m of the explosion source.

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