Device and method for collecting and inspecting pesticide residue components of traditional Chinese medicinal materials

Abstract

The invention discloses a device and a method for collecting and inspecting pesticide residue components of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, and relates to the field of traditional Chinese medicinal material detection equipment, the device comprises a fixed cylinder, a centrifugal cylinder is movably connected in the fixed cylinder, and a crushing shaft penetrating to the lower part of the centrifugal cylinder is rotatably connected in the centrifugal cylinder. In the aspects of operation convenience and efficiency, the functions of crushing, extracting, centrifuging, cleaning and the like are integrated, a dispersed operation mode of traditional multi-independent-module equipment is abandoned, the operation process is greatly simplified, the equipment switching and joining time is shortened, the detection efficiency is improved, the labor intensity of workers is reduced, and the equipment cleaning and maintenance cost is reduced. The device and the method have the advantages that residual impurities in the device can be quickly and efficiently cleaned by the aid of ingenious deslagging and cleaning designs and the elastic cover plates, deslagging channels and rotary cleaning functions, accordingly, the risk of cross contamination can be reduced, the service life of the device can be prolonged, and efficient, accurate and convenient solution schemes can be provided for pesticide residue detection of traditional Chinese medicinal materials by the aid of the device and the method; the quality safety of traditional Chinese medicinal materials is powerfully guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of Chinese medicinal material detection equipment, and in particular to a device and method for collecting and testing pesticide residue components of Chinese medicinal materials. Background Art

[0002] As the core raw material of traditional medicine and health industry, the quality and safety of Chinese medicinal materials directly affect clinical efficacy and consumer health. However, in the large-scale planting process, the excessive use of pesticides leads to the enrichment of chemical residues such as organophosphorus and carbamates in medicinal materials, which may cause chronic toxicity and carcinogenic risks. The current detection technologies mainly include QuEChERS method and gas / liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

[0003] The QuEChERS method (quick, simple, economical, efficient, durable and safe) is a sample pretreatment technology widely used in the detection of pesticide and veterinary drug residues. Its core steps include sample preparation, solvent extraction, dispersed solid phase extraction purification, and finally instrumental analysis and detection. Sample preparation includes material crushing, solvent extraction includes acetonitrile extraction, and then acetonitrile is injected into the solution to make it and the target pesticide fully dissolved in the organic phase. Finally, a salting-out agent is added for centrifugation. After centrifugation, the supernatant is taken for pesticide residue detection.

[0004] Traditional sample pretreatment equipment, such as crushers, centrifuges, and cleaning devices used in pesticide residue detection in traditional Chinese medicines, are mostly independent modules, which have problems such as decentralized operation, low efficiency, and high risk of cross-contamination. Similarly, multiple independent module equipment need to be cleaned separately, which increases the labor intensity of staff. Summary of the invention

[0005] Based on this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a device and method for collecting and inspecting pesticide residues in traditional Chinese medicines to solve the technical problems in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a device for collecting and testing pesticide residues in traditional Chinese medicine, comprising a fixed cylinder, a centrifugal cylinder movably connected inside the fixed cylinder, and a crushing shaft rotatably connected inside the centrifugal cylinder and penetrating below the centrifugal cylinder; A crushing transmission rod is radially limited and axially slidably connected below the crushing shaft, and a matching cavity matched with the crushing transmission rod is provided inside the crushing shaft, and a plug-in cavity is provided at the bottom of the centrifugal barrel. A centrifugal transmission frame matched with the plug-in cavity is fixed to the outside of the crushing transmission rod, and the crushing transmission rod and the centrifugal transmission frame are fixedly connected by a connecting frame, and multiple groups of crushing knives are fixed to the outside of the crushing shaft, and the crushing knives play a role in crushing Chinese medicinal materials, and a retaining ring that fits the bottom of the centrifugal barrel is fixed to the outside of the crushing shaft; A sliding cavity matched with the cross shaft is provided inside the pulverizing transmission rod and the sliding drive cylinder, and the cross section of the sliding cavity is cross-shaped, and the pulverizing transmission rod, the matching cavity, the plug-in cavity and the centrifugal transmission frame are hexagonal in cross section, a stepper motor is installed on one side of the bottom shell, and the output shaft of the stepper motor extends to the inside of the transmission shell, and the output shaft is coaxially provided with a first large bevel gear and a second small bevel gear, and a first one-way bearing and a second one-way bearing are respectively provided between the first large bevel gear, the second small bevel gear and the output shaft, and the transmission shell is rotatably connected with a first small bevel gear and a second large bevel gear respectively meshing with the first large bevel gear and the second small bevel gear, and the rotating shafts of the first small bevel gear and the second large bevel gear penetrate the transmission shell and are respectively connected to the cross shaft and the reciprocating screw for transmission; A supernatant discharge port is provided on one side of the top of the centrifugal cylinder, and a discharge pipe located above the supernatant discharge port is fixed on one side of the fixed cylinder; A slag discharge mechanism is provided at one side of the bottom of the centrifugal cylinder, and the slag discharge mechanism includes an elastic cover plate elastically connected to the bottom of the centrifugal cylinder, and the fixed cylinder and the bottom of one side of the centrifugal cylinder are provided with mutually connected slag discharge channels, a spring rod penetrating the bottom of the centrifugal cylinder is provided at the bottom of the elastic cover plate, and the spring rod is composed of a rod body and a spring, the rod body and the centrifugal cylinder are slidably connected, and a spring is fixed between the bottom of the rod body and the centrifugal cylinder; A stabilizing spring is fixed between the bottom of the centrifugal cylinder and the fixed cylinder, and a rotating plate is fixed at the bottom of the stabilizing spring, which is connected to the fixed cylinder for radial rotation and axial limiting, and a top rod corresponding to the spring rod is fixed on one side of the top of the rotating plate; A bottom shell is fixed at the bottom of the fixed cylinder, and a transmission shell is fixed inside the bottom shell, and the two sides of the transmission shell extend to the top and are respectively rotatably connected with a cross shaft and a reciprocating screw rod, and a sliding drive cylinder is axially slidable and radially limited outside the cross shaft, and the top of the sliding drive cylinder is fixedly connected to the bottom of the crushing transmission rod; The outer side of the sliding driving cylinder is connected with a limiting ring for radial rotation and axial limiting, and a reciprocating lifting frame threadably connected with the reciprocating screw rod is fixed on one side of the limiting ring.

[0007] By adopting the above technical scheme, in terms of operational convenience and efficiency, the functions of crushing, extraction, centrifugation, cleaning and the like are integrated into one, the scattered operation mode of traditional multi-independent module equipment is abandoned, the operation process is greatly simplified, the equipment switching and connection time is reduced, the detection efficiency is improved, and the labor intensity of the staff is reduced. From the perspective of detection accuracy, through precise transmission control, such as the control of the rotation angle of the crushing transmission rod by the stepper motor encoder, the centrifugal transmission frame and the plug-in cavity are accurately matched, the centrifugal operation is stable, the impurities and the supernatant containing pesticide residues are effectively separated, and the accuracy of the test results is improved. In terms of equipment cleaning and maintenance, the clever slag discharge and cleaning design, the use of elastic cover plates, slag discharge channels and rotary cleaning functions can quickly and efficiently clean up the residual impurities inside the equipment, reduce the risk of cross contamination, and extend the service life of the equipment. The device and method provide an efficient, accurate and convenient solution for the detection of pesticide residues in Chinese medicinal materials, which effectively guarantees the quality and safety of Chinese medicinal materials.

[0008] Furthermore, a discharge box is fixed on one side of the top of the bottom shell, a collection cup located below the drain pipe is arranged on the top of the discharge box, a sliding filter box is fixed inside the discharge box, the sliding filter box is connected to the slag discharge channel, a filter inclined plate is arranged on one side of the bottom of the sliding filter box, and a plurality of groups of filter holes are distributed on the surface of the filter inclined plate, and a drain pipe connected to an external waste liquid collection box is fixed at one end of the discharge box.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, impurities are removed by the filter inclined plate, water passes through the filter holes into the discharge box, and is discharged to the external wastewater treatment box through the drain pipe, while impurities remain in the sliding filter box, which only needs to be cleaned regularly.

[0010] A method for using a device for collecting and testing pesticide residues in traditional Chinese medicines, the process comprising the following steps: S1: Sample preparation: First, random stratified sampling method is used to collect samples from different batches and different parts of Chinese medicinal materials to ensure that the samples are representative. The sampling time, location, variety and other information are recorded in detail. The collected Chinese medicinal material samples are dried through low-temperature drying equipment to remove moisture, which is convenient for subsequent crushing and testing operations; S2: Crushing operation: Place the dried Chinese herbal medicine sample into the centrifuge cylinder. According to the experimental requirements, inject an appropriate amount of water into the centrifuge cylinder through the quantitative device, cover the top cover, start the controller, and make the stepper motor rotate forward. The stepper motor drives the crushing shaft and the crushing knife through the transmission mechanism to rotate and crush the honeysuckle at high speed in the centrifuge cylinder. According to the characteristics of honeysuckle and experimental requirements, the crushing time is set to 5 minutes. During the crushing process, the encoder of the stepper motor is used to accurately control the rotation angle of the crushing transmission rod to ensure that the centrifugal transmission frame and the plug-in cavity will not be misaligned; S3: Extraction and salting-out operation: After the Chinese medicinal materials are crushed, stop the stepper motor, open the top cover, add an appropriate amount of acetonitrile solvent into the centrifuge tube, and perform the extraction operation of the pesticide residue. After adding acetonitrile, stir it fully to make the pesticide residue fully dissolved in acetonitrile, and then add salts such as anhydrous magnesium sulfate for salting-out, so as to separate the organic phase acetonitrile layer from the water phase and solid impurities; S4: Centrifugal operation: After the salting out is completed, the stepper motor is started to reverse, and the reciprocating lifting frame is driven to rise by the reciprocating screw rod, thereby driving the sliding drive cylinder and the crushing transmission rod to rise, so that the centrifugal transmission frame is inserted into the plug-in cavity at the bottom of the centrifugal cylinder, and the stepper motor is started to rotate forward again. At this time, the crushing knife and the centrifugal cylinder rotate synchronously, and the crushed honeysuckle solvent is subjected to high-speed centrifugal rotation. The centrifugal time is set to 10 minutes, so that the impurities sink, and the acetonitrile layer containing the pesticide component is located on the upper layer; S5: Collection and detection of supernatant: After the centrifugal operation is completed, the stepper motor is started to reverse, so that the sliding drive cylinder drives the crushing transmission rod, the centrifugal transmission frame and the centrifugal cylinder to rise as a whole. When the centrifugal cylinder rises to a certain height, the supernatant discharge port on the top of one side is connected to the discharge pipe, and the supernatant containing pesticide components flows into the collection cup through the discharge pipe. The obtained supernatant is then dried, the adsorbent is removed, and nitrogen is purged and re-dissolved to ensure the purity of the sample. The staff uses professional testing instruments (such as gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry) to detect the pesticide components of the supernatant in the collection cup and analyze the types and contents of pesticide residues in traditional Chinese medicines; Specifically, during the drying process, the acetonitrile phase, that is, the supernatant after salting out, is passed through a chromatography column filled with anhydrous sodium sulfate to remove residual water, so that the water content in the acetonitrile phase is ≤0.1%; When performing adsorption and impurity removal purification, add the dried acetonitrile phase to the PSA / C18 solid phase extraction column, and use the PSA solid phase extraction column to remove lipid and pigment impurities (lipid residue reduction ≥ 90%); When concentrating and re-dissolving, the purified acetonitrile phase is transferred to a concentrator, concentrated to near dryness by nitrogen purge, and then 1 mL of methanol is added for re-dissolution, and filtered through a 0.22 μm filter membrane to obtain a high-purity test sample, which can then be used to detect pesticide residue components using testing equipment; S6: Slag discharge and cleaning operation: After collecting the supernatant, continue to drive the reciprocating lifting frame and the sliding drive cylinder to descend through the rotation of the reciprocating screw. Under the action of the outer retaining ring of the crushing shaft, the centrifugal cylinder descends to below the initial position, and the stabilizing spring is compressed. During the descent of the centrifugal cylinder, the top rod contacts the spring rod, and the compression spring opens the elastic cover. The impurities in the centrifugal cylinder flow into the sliding filter box through the slag discharge channel. Use clean water to rinse the inside of the centrifugal cylinder. At the same time, start the stepper motor forward to rotate the crushing knife to enhance the cleaning effect. Under the action of the filter inclined plate, the impurities pass through the filter hole into the discharge box and are discharged to the external wastewater treatment box through the drain pipe. The impurities remain in the sliding filter box. Clean the sliding filter box regularly.

[0011] In summary, the present invention mainly has the following beneficial effects: in terms of operational convenience and efficiency, the present invention integrates the functions of crushing, extraction, centrifugation, cleaning, etc., abandons the scattered operation mode of traditional multi-independent module equipment, greatly simplifies the operation process, reduces the equipment switching and connection time, improves the detection efficiency, and reduces the labor intensity of the staff. From the perspective of detection accuracy, through precise transmission control, such as the control of the rotation angle of the crushing transmission rod by the stepping motor encoder, it is ensured that the centrifugal transmission frame and the plug-in cavity are accurately matched, the centrifugal operation is stable, and the impurities and the supernatant containing pesticide residues are effectively separated, so as to improve the accuracy of the detection results. In terms of equipment cleaning and maintenance, the clever slag discharge and cleaning design, the use of elastic cover plate, slag discharge channel and rotary cleaning function, can quickly and efficiently clean the residual impurities inside the equipment, reduce the risk of cross contamination, and extend the service life of the equipment. The device and method provide an efficient, accurate and convenient solution for the detection of pesticide residues in traditional Chinese medicinal materials, which effectively guarantees the quality and safety of traditional Chinese medicinal materials. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the cutaway structure of the present invention as a whole; Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of the present invention as a whole; Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 A magnified image of point A; Figure 4 It is an enlarged cutaway view of the interior of the fixing tube of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a cutaway enlarged view of the centrifuge cylinder of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a partial enlarged schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 7 It is a first-view cutaway enlarged view of the transmission mechanism of the present invention; Figure 8 It is a second perspective cutaway enlarged view of the transmission mechanism of the present invention; Fig. 9 It is an enlarged view of a part of the structure of the present invention; Fig.10 It is an enlarged view of the overall structure of the centrifugal cylinder of the present invention; Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Fig.12 For the present invention Figure 2 Enlarged view of point B.

[0013] In the figure: 1, fixed cylinder; 2, centrifugal cylinder; 3, crushing shaft; 4, crushing transmission rod; 5, matching cavity; 6, plug-in cavity; 7, centrifugal transmission frame; 8, connecting frame; 9, sliding drive cylinder; 10, cross shaft; 11, sliding cavity; 12, reciprocating lifting frame; 13, reciprocating screw rod; 14, limiting ring; 15, bracket; 16, crushing knife; 17, supernatant liquid discharge port; 18, discharge pipe; 19, slag discharge channel; 20, elastic cover plate; 21, spring rod; 22, top rod; 23, bottom shell; 24, discharge box; 25, sliding filter box; 26, filter inclined plate; 27, drain pipe; 28, stepper motor; 29, collecting cup; 30, top cover; 31, stabilizing spring; 32, rotating plate; 33, transmission housing; 34, first large bevel gear; 35, first small bevel gear; 36, first one-way bearing; 37, second small bevel gear; 38, second large bevel gear; 39, second one-way bearing; 40, electromagnetic blocking mechanism; 40, electromagnetic blocking mechanism; 41, blocking rod; 42, contact wheel; 43, electromagnetic module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0014] The following will be combined with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0015] The following describes an embodiment of the present invention based on its overall structure.

[0016] Embodiment 1 A device for collecting and testing pesticide residues in traditional Chinese medicines, such as Figure 1-12 As shown, the device is mainly composed of a fixed cylinder 1, a centrifugal cylinder 2, a crushing shaft 3, a crushing transmission rod 4, an electromagnetic blocking mechanism 40, a slag discharge mechanism, a transmission mechanism and a discharge box 24; The fixed cylinder 1 is the main supporting structure of the whole device. It is made of high-strength and corrosion-resistant stainless steel and is made through precision casting process to ensure its structural strength and sealing. The fixed cylinder 1 is movably connected to the centrifugal cylinder 2 inside. The centrifugal cylinder 2 is also made of stainless steel and its surface is polished to reduce impurity residue. The inside of the centrifugal cylinder 2 is rotatably connected to the crushing shaft 3. The crushing shaft 3 is made of alloy steel and has high strength and wear resistance. The crushing shaft 3 is radially limited and axially slidably connected to the crushing transmission rod 4 below. The two are tightly matched through the matching cavity 5. The cross-sections of the matching cavity 5 and the crushing transmission rod 4 are both hexagonal, ensuring stable power transmission and flexible axial sliding. The outer side of the crushing transmission rod 4 is fixed with a centrifugal transmission frame 7 through a connecting frame 8. The centrifugal transmission frame 7 cooperates with the plug-in cavity 6 at the bottom of the centrifugal cylinder 2 and also adopts a hexagonal design to ensure synchronous rotation during centrifugal operation. Multiple groups of crushing knives 16 are fixed to the outer side of the crushing shaft 3. The crushing knives 16 are made of hard alloy and have sharp blades, which can crush Chinese medicinal materials efficiently. The slag discharge mechanism is arranged at one side of the bottom of the centrifugal cylinder 2, and includes an elastic cover plate 20 and a spring rod 21. The elastic cover plate 20 is elastically connected to the bottom of the centrifugal cylinder 2 through the spring rod 21. The spring rod 21 is composed of a rod body and a spring. The rod body is slidably connected to the centrifugal cylinder 2. The spring is fixed between the bottom and the centrifugal cylinder 2 to ensure that the elastic cover plate 20 remains closed under normal circumstances and can be flexibly opened when slag discharge is required; The bottom of the fixed cylinder 1 and the centrifugal cylinder 2 are provided with mutually connected slag discharge channels 19. The size of the slag discharge channel 19 is reasonably designed to ensure that impurities can be discharged smoothly. The bottom of the fixed cylinder 1 is fixed with a bottom shell 23. The bottom shell 23 is made of cast iron and has good stability. The transmission shell 33 is fixed inside the bottom shell 23. The two sides inside the transmission shell 33 are rotatably connected to the cross shaft 10 and the reciprocating screw rod 13 respectively; The outer side of the cross shaft 10 is axially slidable and radially limitedly connected to the sliding drive cylinder 9, and the top of the sliding drive cylinder 9 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the crushing transmission rod 4, ensuring that the rotation of the cross shaft 10 can drive the crushing transmission rod 4 to rotate, and the outer side of the sliding drive cylinder 9 is radially rotated and axially limitedly connected to the limiting ring 14, and the reciprocating lifting frame 12 is fixed on one side of the limiting ring 14, and the reciprocating lifting frame 12 is threadedly connected to the reciprocating screw rod 13. The lifting and lowering of the sliding drive cylinder 9 is realized by the rotation of the reciprocating screw rod 13, thereby controlling the lifting and lowering of the crushing transmission rod 4 and the centrifugal cylinder 2; A discharge box 24 is fixed on one side of the top of the bottom shell 23. The discharge box 24 is made of plastic and has good corrosion resistance. A collecting cup 29 is arranged on the top of the discharge box 24 to collect the supernatant containing pesticide components. A sliding filter box 25 is fixed inside the discharge box 24. The sliding filter box 25 is connected to the slag discharge channel 19. A filter inclined plate 26 is arranged on one side of the bottom. A plurality of filter holes are distributed on the surface of the filter inclined plate 26 to effectively filter impurities. A drain pipe 27 is fixed at one end of the discharge box 24 to communicate with the external waste liquid collection box to facilitate the discharge of wastewater. A stepper motor 28 is installed on one side of the bottom shell 23, and the output shaft of the stepper motor 28 extends to the inside of the transmission shell 33. A first large bevel gear 34 and a second small bevel gear 37 are coaxially arranged, and the two are connected to the output shaft through a first one-way bearing 36 and a second one-way bearing 39, ensuring that the motor can drive different transmission components respectively when rotating forward and reverse. The first small bevel gear 35 and the second large bevel gear 38 are rotatably connected inside the transmission shell 33, and are respectively meshed with the first large bevel gear 34 and the second small bevel gear 37, and their rotating shafts are respectively connected to the cross shaft 10 and the reciprocating screw 13 for transmission, so as to realize the transmission and conversion of power.

[0017] The working principle of the present invention is as follows: when in use, the power is turned on, wherein the output shaft of the stepper motor 28 extends to the inside of the transmission housing 33, and is fixedly connected to the first large bevel gear 34 and the second small bevel gear 37, that is, the first large bevel gear 34 and the second small bevel gear 37 are coaxially arranged, and the first large bevel gear 34, the second small bevel gear 37 and the output shaft of the stepper motor 28 are respectively provided with a first one-way bearing 36 and a second one-way bearing 39; Furthermore, when the stepper motor 28 rotates forward, the first one-way bearing 36 is locked, thereby driving the first large bevel gear 34 to engage with the first small bevel gear 35 for transmission, while the second one-way bearing 39 is idle at this time, and will not drive the second small bevel gear 37 to rotate. On the contrary, the first large bevel gear 34 is idle, and the second small bevel gear 37 rotates. When it is necessary to collect and test the pesticide residues in Chinese medicinal materials, a random stratified sampling method is used according to the test target (such as rhizomes, leaves or flowers) to ensure that the samples can reflect the overall quality, and record the sampling time, location, variety and other information, and then the Chinese medicinal materials are dried at low temperature through external equipment; The staff puts the dried Chinese medicinal materials into the centrifugal cylinder 2. At this time, according to the experimental requirements, a certain amount of water is injected into the centrifugal cylinder 2, and then the top cover 30 is closed to the fixed cylinder 1. At this time, the controller is started to make the stepper motor 28 start the forward rotation operation; At this time, the crushing transmission rod 4 is in the initial state, and the crushing transmission rod 4 only drives the crushing shaft 3 to rotate, and then the crushing shaft 3 drives multiple groups of crushing knives 16 located inside the centrifugal cylinder 2 to perform high-speed rotation and crushing operations on the Chinese medicinal materials. According to experimental requirements, the staff can adjust the crushing time; Furthermore, when the pulverizing transmission rod 4 rotates, the centrifugal transmission frame 7 is synchronously driven to rotate through the connecting frame 8. In order to avoid misalignment between the centrifugal transmission frame 7 and the insertion cavity 6, the encoder of the stepping motor 28 is used for encoding control, so that the starting rotation angle and the ending rotation angle of the pulverizing transmission rod 4 are kept consistent, thereby avoiding the problem of misalignment between the centrifugal transmission frame 7 and the insertion cavity 6. Specifically, when the stepper motor 28 drives the cross shaft 10 to rotate through the transmission mechanism, the sliding drive cylinder 9 and the crushing transmission rod 4 are driven to rotate, wherein the bottom end of the crushing shaft 3 is provided with a matching cavity 5 that matches the cross section of the crushing transmission rod 4, wherein the cross section of the matching cavity 5 is hexagonal, and similarly, the crushing transmission rod 4 and the sliding drive cylinder 9 are provided with a sliding cavity 11 that matches the cross shaft 10, and the cross section of the sliding cavity 11 is also hexagonal, that is to say, without affecting the overall power transmission, they can slide axially under the action of other driving forces; When the Chinese medicinal materials are crushed, the stepper motor 28 is reversed under the action of the controller. At this time, the reciprocating screw rod 13 is rotated to drive the reciprocating lifting frame 12 to rise a certain distance. Since the reciprocating lifting frame 12 and the sliding drive cylinder 9 are connected in radial sliding and axial limiting, the reciprocating lifting frame 12 will simultaneously drive the sliding drive cylinder 9 to rise a certain distance when it rises. At this time, the sliding drive cylinder 9 drives the crushing transmission rod 4 to rise, so that the top surface of the crushing transmission rod 4 just fits with the top surface of the matching cavity 5. At the same time, since the crushing transmission rod 4 and the centrifugal transmission frame 7 are fixedly connected by the connecting frame 8, when the crushing transmission rod 4 rises, the centrifugal transmission frame 7 will be synchronously driven to rise, so that the centrifugal transmission frame 7 is inserted into the insertion cavity 6 at the bottom of the centrifugal cylinder 2. Since the cross-sections of the centrifugal transmission frame 7 and the insertion cavity 6 are hexagonal, the centrifugal transmission frame 7 rotates with the rotation of the crushing transmission rod 4. Further, after the Chinese medicinal materials are crushed and before the centrifugal operation, the staff opens the top cover 30, adds acetonitrile solvent to the inside of the centrifugal tube 2 for extraction, and then adds salts such as anhydrous magnesium sulfate for salting out, and then quickly separates the organic phase (acetonitrile layer) from the aqueous phase and solid impurities through the above-mentioned centrifugal operation. Specifically, pesticide residues are usually enriched in the organic solvent layer (such as acetonitrile and ether), and the density of acetonitrile is less than that of water. After adding the salting-out agent (such as anhydrous magnesium sulfate), the acetonitrile layer is located in the upper layer during centrifugation. At this time, the supernatant (acetonitrile layer) of the upper layer inside the centrifugal tube 2 should be taken for detection, while the lower layer of the centrifugal tube 2 is generally an aqueous phase and a precipitate (such as plant fiber, protein, etc.), which contains a small amount of pesticide residues or interfering substances; When the centrifugal transmission frame 7 is inserted into the plug-in cavity 6, the stepper motor 28 rotates forward again; At this time, the multiple groups of crushing knives 16 and the centrifugal cylinder 2 rotate synchronously, thereby driving the crushed Chinese medicinal material solvent to perform high-speed centrifugal rotation, so that the Chinese medicinal material solvent can be centrifugally layered, so that impurities sink, and the solvent containing pesticide components is located in the supernatant; Furthermore, during the centrifugal operation, the transmission process is that the output shaft of the stepping motor 28 drives the first large bevel gear 34 to rotate, and the first large bevel gear 34 engages with the first small bevel gear 35 for transmission. Since the diameter of the first large bevel gear 34 is larger than the diameter of the first small bevel gear 35, the rotation speed of the first small bevel gear 35 can be ensured to meet the overall centrifugal rotation speed requirement. In other words, the transmission adopts a speed-increasing structure so that the centrifugal rotation speed can meet the requirement of 3000-5000rpm. Furthermore, in order to prevent the centrifugal cylinder 2 from generating an upward force relative to the fixed cylinder 1 during the centrifugal process, an electromagnetic blocking mechanism 40 is provided on one side of the fixed cylinder 1, wherein when the centrifugal cylinder 2 is centrifuged, the blocking rod of the electromagnetic blocking mechanism 40 penetrates into the upper part of the top surface of the centrifugal cylinder 2 under the electromagnetic action, so that the blocking rod plays a blocking and limiting role for the centrifugal cylinder 2, thereby preventing the centrifugal cylinder 2 from generating an upward force during the centrifugal process, resulting in poor stability of the overall equipment; Specifically, when the centrifugal cylinder 2 needs to be limited, the electromagnetic module 43, under the action of like repulsion, makes the blocking rod 41 extend to the top of the centrifugal cylinder 2, so that the contact wheel 42 connected to the bottom of the blocking rod 41 is just in contact with the upper surface of the centrifugal cylinder 2, reducing the friction force of the centrifugal cylinder 2 when rotating. When the centrifugal cylinder 2 does not need to be limited, the electromagnetic module 43, under the action of opposite attraction, makes the blocking rod 41 and the contact wheel 42 shrink, and no longer blocks and limits the centrifugal cylinder 2. The blocking rod 41 is made of high-strength metal, which effectively ensures the stability of the centrifugal cylinder 2 when rotating. When the centrifugal operation completes the stratification operation, the stepper motor 28 reverses again, and then the reciprocating screw 13 of the transmission mechanism rotates again, so that the sliding drive cylinder 9 drives the crushing transmission rod 4 and the centrifugal transmission frame 7 to rise a distance again. At this time, the top surface of the crushing transmission rod 4 is in contact with the matching cavity 5, and the top surface of the centrifugal transmission frame 7 is in contact with the plug-in cavity 6. The continued rise at this time will drive the centrifugal cylinder 2, the crushing shaft 3, the crushing transmission rod 4 and the crushing knife 16 to rise a distance relative to the fixed cylinder 1. At this time, the stabilizing spring 31 is in a passive tension state, which ensures the stability between the centrifugal cylinder 2 and the fixed cylinder 1. As the centrifugal cylinder 2 rises inside the fixed cylinder 1, the supernatant discharge port 17 opened on the top of one side of the centrifugal cylinder 2 gradually communicates with the discharge pipe 18, and then the supernatant inside the centrifugal cylinder 2 can enter the discharge pipe 18 through the supernatant discharge port 17, and then flow into the interior of the collection cup 29 through the discharge pipe 18, and then the staff can use the detection device to detect the pesticide components of the obtained supernatant containing pesticide components; When the supernatant is collected in the collecting cup 29, the reciprocating lifting frame 12 just rises to the outside of the top end of the reciprocating screw 13. At this time, the reciprocating screw 13 continues to rotate, and the reciprocating lifting frame 12 will descend, thereby driving the centrifugal cylinder 2 to reset, and the crushing transmission rod 4 is reset to the initial state. Since there are still Chinese medicinal material impurities remaining inside the centrifugal cylinder 2, at this time, the reciprocating screw rod 13 continues to rotate to drive the reciprocating lifting frame 12 and the sliding drive cylinder 9 to descend, and under the action of the retaining ring on the outer side of the crushing shaft 3, the centrifugal cylinder 2 is lowered to below the initial state position, and the stabilizing spring 31 is actively compressed at this time, wherein the rotating plate 32 fixed at the bottom of the stabilizing spring 31 and the fixed cylinder 1 are in radial rotation and axial limit connection; During the descending process of the centrifugal cylinder 2, the top of the push rod 22 gradually contacts the bottom of the spring rod 21, and then the push rod 22 passively compresses the spring of the spring rod 21, so that the rod body opens the elastic cover plate 20 relative to the bottom of the centrifugal cylinder 2, so that the inside of the centrifugal cylinder 2 and the slag discharge channel 19 are connected, and then the impurities remaining in the centrifugal cylinder 2 will flow to the inside of the sliding filter box 25 through the slag discharge channel 19. At this time, the inside of the centrifugal cylinder 2 is rinsed with clean water in cooperation with the work, so that the inside of the centrifugal cylinder 2 can be quickly cleaned; Similarly, when the stepper motor 28 is reversed to fully open the elastic cover 20, the stepper motor 28 can rotate forward again, and then the crushing shaft 3 and the crushing knife 16 can be driven to rotate through the crushing transmission rod 4, thereby increasing the cleaning effect of the whole and the crushing knife 16; Furthermore, when the pulverizing blade 16 is rotating for cleaning, the pulverizing transmission rod 4 and the centrifugal transmission frame 7 are synchronously lifted and rotated, and when the centrifugal cylinder 2 is lowered, the centrifugal transmission frame 7 will also be synchronously lowered, and the insertion cavity 6 at the bottom of the centrifugal cylinder 2 will not be plugged into the centrifugal transmission frame 7. That is to say, when the pulverizing blade 16 is rotating for cleaning, the centrifugal cylinder 2 will not rotate. After the slag cleaning is completed, the slag will slide through the filter inclined plate 26 to the inside of the sliding filter box 25, and the water contained in it will pass through the filter inclined plate 26 into the discharge box 24, and then be discharged to the external wastewater treatment box through the drain pipe 27 for centralized treatment operation; Finally, the overall device structure of the present invention is compact, wherein the diameter of the centrifuge barrel 2 is 10 cm and the height is 20 cm. When adding solvent, the amount of solvent used is effectively reduced to avoid wasting samples and solvents. At the same time, according to the amount of samples in the detection equipment, the Chinese medicinal materials can be cut in advance to reduce the volume of the Chinese medicinal materials placed in the centrifuge barrel 2, thereby reducing the amount of solvent required to be added to the centrifuge barrel 2 during extraction and salting out according to the amount of Chinese medicinal materials used.

[0018] Although an embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, this specific embodiment is merely an explanation of the present invention and is not a limitation of the invention. The specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art may make modifications, substitutions and variations to the embodiments without creative contributions as needed without departing from the principles and purpose of the present invention. However, as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present invention, they are protected by patent law.

Claims

1. A device for collecting and testing pesticide residues in traditional Chinese medicine, comprising a fixed cylinder (1), characterized in that: The fixed cylinder (1) is movably connected to the centrifugal cylinder (2), and the centrifugal cylinder (2) is rotatably connected to the crushing shaft (3) extending through the lower portion thereof; A pulverizing transmission rod (4) is radially limited and axially slidably connected below the pulverizing shaft (3), and a matching cavity (5) matching with the pulverizing transmission rod (4) is provided inside the pulverizing shaft (3); a plug-in cavity (6) is provided at the bottom of the centrifugal cylinder (2); a centrifugal transmission frame (7) matching with the plug-in cavity (6) is fixed outside the pulverizing transmission rod (4); a supernatant liquid discharge port (17) is provided on one side of the top of the centrifugal cylinder (2); and a liquid discharge pipe (18) located above the supernatant liquid discharge port (17) is fixed on one side of the fixed cylinder (1); A slag discharge mechanism is provided at one side of the bottom of the centrifugal cylinder (2), and the slag discharge mechanism comprises an elastic cover plate (20) elastically connected to the bottom of the centrifugal cylinder (2), and mutually communicating slag discharge channels (19) are provided at the bottom of one side of the fixed cylinder (1) and the centrifugal cylinder (2).

2. The device for collecting and testing pesticide residues in Chinese medicinal materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pulverizing transmission rod (4) and the centrifugal transmission frame (7) are fixedly connected via a connecting frame (8), and a plurality of groups of pulverizing knives (16) are fixed to the outside of the pulverizing shaft (3), the pulverizing knives (16) play a role in pulverizing the Chinese medicinal materials, and a retaining ring that fits the bottom of the centrifugal cylinder (2) is fixed to the outside of the pulverizing shaft (3).

3. The device for collecting and testing pesticide residues in Chinese medicinal materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: A bottom shell (23) is fixed to the bottom of the fixed cylinder (1), and a transmission shell (33) is fixed inside the bottom shell (23), and two sides of the transmission shell (33) extend above the top and are rotatably connected to a cross shaft (10) and a reciprocating screw rod (13), and a sliding drive cylinder (9) that slides axially and limits radial position is disposed outside the cross shaft (10), and the top of the sliding drive cylinder (9) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the pulverizing transmission rod (4).

4. The device for collecting and testing pesticide residues in Chinese medicinal materials according to claim 3, characterized in that: The pulverizing transmission rod (4) and the sliding drive cylinder (9) are provided with a sliding cavity (11) which matches the cross shaft (10), and the sliding cavity (11) has a cross-shaped cross section. The pulverizing transmission rod (4), the matching cavity (5), the plug-in cavity (6) and the centrifugal transmission frame (7) have hexagonal cross sections.

5. The device for collecting and testing pesticide residues in Chinese medicinal materials according to claim 3, characterized in that: The outer side of the sliding drive cylinder (9) is connected to a limiting ring (14) for radial rotation and axial limiting, and a reciprocating lifting frame (12) threadedly connected to the reciprocating screw rod (13) is fixed on one side of the limiting ring (14).

6. The device for collecting and testing pesticide residues in Chinese medicinal materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: A spring rod (21) penetrating the bottom of the centrifugal cylinder (2) is provided at the bottom of the elastic cover plate (20), and the spring rod (21) is composed of a rod body and a spring, the rod body and the centrifugal cylinder (2) are slidably connected, and a spring is fixed between the bottom of the rod body and the centrifugal cylinder (2).

7. The device for collecting and testing pesticide residues in Chinese medicinal materials according to claim 6, characterized in that: A stabilizing spring (31) is fixed between the bottom of the centrifugal cylinder (2) and the fixed cylinder (1), and a rotating plate (32) is fixed to the bottom of the stabilizing spring (31) and is connected to the fixed cylinder (1) for radial rotation and axial limiting, and a top rod (22) corresponding to the spring rod (21) is fixed to one side of the top of the rotating plate (32).

8. The device for collecting and testing pesticide residues in Chinese medicinal materials according to claim 3, characterized in that: A discharge box (24) is fixed to one side of the top of the bottom shell (23), a collection cup (29) located below the liquid discharge pipe (18) is arranged on the top of the discharge box (24), a sliding filter box (25) is fixed inside the discharge box (24), the sliding filter box (25) is connected to the slag discharge channel (19), a filtering inclined plate (26) is arranged on one side of the bottom of the sliding filter box (25), a plurality of groups of filtering holes are distributed on the surface of the filtering inclined plate (26), and a drainage pipe (27) connected to an external waste liquid collection box is fixed to one end of the discharge box (24).

9. The device for collecting and testing pesticide residues in Chinese medicinal materials according to claim 3, characterized in that: A stepper motor (28) is installed on one side of the bottom shell (23), and the output shaft of the stepper motor (28) extends into the transmission shell (33), and a first large bevel gear (34) and a second small bevel gear (37) are coaxially arranged on the output shaft, and a first one-way bearing (36) and a second one-way bearing (39) are respectively arranged between the first large bevel gear (34), the second small bevel gear (37) and the output shaft, and a first small bevel gear (35) and a second large bevel gear (38) are rotatably connected inside the transmission shell (33) and meshed with the first large bevel gear (34) and the second small bevel gear (37), respectively, and the rotating shafts of the first small bevel gear (35) and the second large bevel gear (38) pass through the transmission shell (33) and are respectively transmission-connected to the cross shaft (10) and the reciprocating screw rod (13).

10. A method for using a device for collecting and testing pesticide residues in Chinese medicinal materials, characterized in that The collection and inspection of pesticide residue components of traditional Chinese medicines using the device for collecting and inspecting pesticide residues of traditional Chinese medicines according to any one of claims 1 to 9 comprises the following steps: S1: Sample preparation: First, random stratified sampling method is used to collect samples from different batches and different parts of Chinese medicinal materials to ensure that the samples are representative. The sampling time, location, variety and other information are recorded in detail. The collected Chinese medicinal material samples are dried through low-temperature drying equipment to remove moisture, which is convenient for subsequent crushing and testing operations; S2: Crushing operation: Place the dried Chinese medicinal material sample into the centrifuge tube (2). According to the experimental requirements, inject an appropriate amount of water into the centrifuge tube (2) through the quantitative device, cover the top cover (30), start the controller, and make the stepper motor (28) rotate forward. The stepper motor (28) drives the crushing shaft (3) and the crushing knife (16) through the transmission mechanism to rotate the honeysuckle in the centrifuge tube (2) at a high speed. According to the characteristics of honeysuckle and experimental requirements, the crushing time is set to 5 minutes. During the crushing process, the rotation angle of the crushing transmission rod (4) is accurately controlled by the encoder of the stepping motor (28) to ensure that the centrifugal transmission frame (7) and the plug-in cavity (6) will not be misaligned; S3: Extraction and salting-out operation: After the Chinese medicinal materials are crushed, the stepper motor (28) is stopped, the top cover (30) is opened, and an appropriate amount of acetonitrile solvent is added to the centrifuge cylinder (2) to extract the pesticide residue. After the acetonitrile is added, it is fully stirred to make the pesticide residue fully dissolved in the acetonitrile, and then anhydrous magnesium sulfate and other salts are added to perform salting-out to promote the separation of the organic phase (acetonitrile layer) from the aqueous phase and solid impurities; S4: Centrifugal operation: After the salting out is completed, the stepper motor (28) is started to rotate in reverse, and the reciprocating lifting frame (12) is driven to rise through the reciprocating screw rod (13), thereby driving the sliding drive cylinder (9) and the crushing transmission rod (4) to rise, so that the centrifugal transmission frame (7) is inserted into the plug-in cavity (6) at the bottom of the centrifugal cylinder (2), and the stepper motor (28) is started again to rotate forward. At this time, the crushing knife (16) and the centrifugal cylinder (2) rotate synchronously, and the crushed honeysuckle solvent is subjected to high-speed centrifugal rotation. The centrifugal time is set to 10 minutes, so that the impurities sink and the acetonitrile layer containing the pesticide component is located on the upper layer; S5: Collection and detection of supernatant: After the centrifugal operation is completed, the stepper motor (28) is started to reverse, so that the sliding drive cylinder (9) drives the crushing transmission rod (4), the centrifugal transmission frame (7) and the centrifugal cylinder (2) to rise as a whole. When the centrifugal cylinder (2) rises to a certain height, the supernatant discharge port (17) on the top of one side thereof is connected to the discharge pipe (18), and the supernatant containing pesticide components flows into the collection cup (29) through the discharge pipe (18). The obtained supernatant is then dried, the adsorbent is removed, and nitrogen is purged and re-dissolved to ensure the purity of the sample. Finally, the staff uses professional detection instruments (such as gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry) to detect the pesticide components of the supernatant in the collection cup (29) and analyze the types and contents of pesticide residues in the Chinese medicinal materials; S6: slag discharge and cleaning operation: After the supernatant is collected, the reciprocating lifting frame (12) and the sliding drive cylinder (9) are driven downward by the rotation of the reciprocating screw rod (13). Under the action of the outer retaining ring of the crushing shaft (3), the centrifugal cylinder (2) is lowered to below the initial position, and the stabilizing spring (31) is compressed. During the descending process of the centrifugal cylinder (2), the top rod (22) contacts the spring rod (21), and the compression spring opens the elastic cover plate (20). The impurities in the centrifugal cylinder (2) flow into the sliding filter box (25) through the slag discharge channel (19). The inside of the centrifugal cylinder (2) is rinsed with clean water. At the same time, the stepper motor (28) is started to rotate forward to rotate the crushing knife (16) to enhance the cleaning effect. Under the action of the filtering inclined plate (26), the impurities pass through the filtering hole into the discharge box (24) and are discharged to the external wastewater treatment box through the drain pipe (27). The impurities remain in the sliding filter box (25). The sliding filter box (25) can be cleaned regularly.

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