A W 18 O 49 Method of predicting battery capacity from color change
By introducing W18O49 modified with carbon quantum dots into the positive electrode of the battery and utilizing its electrochromic properties, a smart battery is constructed. By detecting the color change and drawing a standard curve, the problem of inaccurate battery capacity evaluation in the existing technology is solved, and accurate prediction of battery capacity is achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510098718.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-01-22
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-10
- Estimated Expiration
- 2045-01-22
AI Technical Summary
Existing technologies make it difficult to accurately assess battery capacity, the introduction of sensors consumes electricity and increases costs, artificial intelligence methods are immature, and model accuracy is greatly affected by temperature and environment.
Taking advantage of the electrochromic properties of W18O49, by introducing carbon quantum dots modified W18O49 into the battery positive electrode, the battery capacity is predicted by color change, and a smart battery is constructed. The color change is detected by a colorimeter to draw a capacity-color difference value standard curve for prediction.
Accurate prediction of battery capacity is achieved, which avoids extra energy consumption and cost increase and improves the accuracy of assessment.
Smart Images
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to a method based on W 18 O 49 The invention relates to a method for predicting battery capacity by color change, and belongs to the technical field of battery manufacturing. Background Art
[0002] Accurately assessing battery capacity has long been a pressing issue in the energy storage sector. This not only impacts the user's travel experience but also the recycling of batteries at end-of-life. Timely monitoring of the remaining battery charge not only alerts users when a battery replacement is needed but also facilitates recycling, which is crucial for resource conservation and environmental mitigation. However, assessing the remaining battery charge and determining whether a battery has reached the standard for failure and disposal is often challenging. Because batteries are typically packaged in an opaque package, macroscopic evaluation of the entire internal charge is like a "black box." Current technology is limited to indirect analysis of current (I), voltage (V), impedance (R), and temperature (T) during operation of individual or module batteries to determine whether a battery has reached failure and disposal. Therefore, developing a detection device that can accurately assess the remaining battery capacity is of great significance. Several current research areas are still immature. Some researchers have attempted to incorporate sensors within the battery, which not only consumes additional energy but also introduces additional equipment and costs. Other researchers are using artificial intelligence and big data computing to predict battery failure. They are attempting to establish capacity failure models and improve prediction accuracy by feeding data. However, these methods are still immature. The accuracy of the model and the impact of temperature, environment, etc. on battery data will pose considerable difficulties for machine learning research. Summary of the Invention
[0003] Aiming at the existing technical problems of difficulty and inaccuracy in evaluating battery capacity, the present invention proposes a method based on W 18 O 49 Color change prediction method for battery capacity, using W 18 O 49 The electrochromic properties of W 18 O 49 Modify the W modified with carbon quantum dots 18 O 49 The battery positive electrode is introduced to prepare a smart battery that can evaluate the battery capacity. The smart battery can directly observe the W 18 O 49 The capacity of the battery is detected by the change of W. As the battery capacity decays, W 18 O 49 The color of W undergoes a corresponding irreversible change. 18 O 49The irreversible color change corresponds to the attenuation mechanism of the battery capacity, which is the irreversible embedding of alkali metal ions leading to the collapse of the microstructure. 18 O 49 The electrochromic effect and the ability to store ions decay synchronously, enabling accurate prediction of the remaining battery capacity.
[0004] A W-based 18 O 49 The method for predicting battery capacity by color change has the following specific steps:
[0005] (1) The conductive fiber treated with concentrated acid for 1 to 3 hours was used as the base template, and the base template self-grown W in situ in WCl3 ethanol solution. 18 O 49 layer;
[0006] (2) In situ growth of W 18 O 49 The conductive fiber of the layer is used as the working electrode, the Pt electrode is used as the counter electrode, and the Ag / AgCl electrode is used as the reference electrode. Carbon quantum dots are electrodeposited in the carbon quantum dot solution to obtain carbon quantum dot-modified W 18 O 49 layer, and then annealed at 100-500℃ for 1-8h to obtain W 18 O 49 Color electrode;
[0007] (3) With W 18 O 49 The color-developing electrode is the battery positive electrode, the alkali metal foil is the battery negative electrode, the transparent PET, PC, PMMA or PVA shell is the outer shell, the alkali metal salt / organic solution system, the zinc salt / organic solution system, the alkali metal salt / aqueous solution system or the zinc salt / aqueous solution system is used as the electrolyte, and PE, PP or cellulose is used as the separator. The battery positive electrode, the battery negative electrode, the electrolyte, the separator and the outer shell are assembled into a smart battery; the electrolytes are all conventional commercially available electrolytes or prepared according to conventional electrolyte concentrations;
[0008] (4) Detect when the smart battery is fully charged 18 O 49 The initial color value of the layer is used as the standard color value to perform charge and discharge detection on the battery. When the battery is fully charged, the capacity decays. The battery positive electrode W corresponding to the different battery full-charge capacities in the capacity decay process is also detected simultaneously. 18 O 49 The color value of the layer is detected by the colorimeter to determine the positive electrode W of the battery at different full battery capacities. 18 O 49 The color difference value of the layer relative to the standard color value is used to draw a battery capacity-color difference value standard curve;
[0009] (5) Detect the positive electrode W when the predicted smart battery is fully charged 18 O 49 The actual color value of the layer is measured, and the actual color difference between the actual color value and the standard color value is detected by a colorimeter. According to the actual color difference value and the battery capacity-color difference value standard curve, the actual capacity of the fully charged smart battery is predicted.
[0010] Preferably, the conductive fiber in step (1) is conductive carbon fiber, conductive silver fiber, conductive copper fiber, conductive platinum fiber or conductive nickel fiber, and the concentrated acid is concentrated nitric acid, concentrated nitric acid or concentrated hydrochloric acid.
[0011] Preferably, the mass concentration of the concentrated nitric acid is 30-65%, the mass concentration of the concentrated sulfuric acid is 50-98%, and the mass concentration of the concentrated hydrochloric acid is 12-36.5%.
[0012] Preferably, the mass concentration of the WCl3 ethanol solution in step (1) is 5-50%, the in-situ reaction temperature is 120-180°C, and the reaction time is 2-24h.
[0013] Preferably, the concentration of the carbon quantum dot solution in step (2) is 0.01 to 0.05 mol / L, the electrodeposition voltage is -3.7 to 3.7 V, and the time is 0.5 to 2 h.
[0014] Preferably, the alkali metal foil in step (3) is lithium foil, sodium foil, potassium foil or zinc foil.
[0015] Preferably, the alkali metal salt in step (3) is lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6), lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI), lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF4), sodium hexafluorophosphate (NaPF6), sodium tetrafluoroborate (NaBF4), sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (NaFSI) KPF6, KFSI (potassium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide) or KTFSI (potassium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide), and the zinc salt is ZnSO4.
[0016] Preferably, the standard color values of step (4) are: L*=20~60, a=0~20, b=-60.0~0 (Lab mode).
[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
[0018] (1)W 18 O 49 Self-grown on conductive fibers, carbon quantum dots were modified on W by electrodeposition 18 O 49The surface is annealed, and the initial color can be stabilized to blue (the absorption spectrum wavelength range is adjustable in 360-560nm) by quantitatively controlling the modification amount of carbon quantum dots. The battery is then encapsulated: a transparent shell is used as the battery shell, and alkali metals are used as the counter electrode to provide free-moving cations to construct a flexible and transparent visual smart battery. The battery can be used as a W-based 18 O 49 Energy storage devices that predict battery capacity through color change;
[0019] (2) In the present invention, as the capacity of the smart battery decays, W 18 O 49 The color of W undergoes a corresponding irreversible change. 18 O 49 The irreversible color change corresponds to the attenuation mechanism of the battery capacity, which is caused by the irreversible embedding of alkali metal ions leading to the collapse of the microstructure. 18 O 49 The electrochromic effect and the ability to store ions decay synchronously, enabling accurate prediction of the remaining battery capacity. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0020] Figure 1 is W in Example 1 18 O 49 XRD pattern of
[0021] Figure 2 is the W annealed at different temperatures in Example 1 18 O 49 Optical microscope photograph of the color-developing electrode;
[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the visual smart battery of the present invention;
[0023] Figure 4 The standard curve of lithium-ion battery capacity-color difference value in Example 1;
[0024] Figure 5 The discharge curves of the four visualized smart sodium-ion batteries assembled in Example 2 are as follows;
[0025] Figure 6 This is the sodium ion battery capacity-color difference value standard curve of Example 2;
[0026] Figure 7 The gradient electrode color reflectivity curve under different charge and discharge times in Example 2;
[0027] Figure 8 The following are photos of the color changes of the electrodes at different charge and discharge times in Example 2;
[0028] Figure 9This is the standard control curve of potassium ion battery capacity-color difference value in Example 3;
[0029] Figure 10 This is the standard control curve of zinc ion battery capacity-color difference value in Example 4. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0030] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the contents described above.
[0031] Example 1: A method based on W 18 O 49 The method for predicting battery capacity by color change has the following specific steps:
[0032] (1) The conductive fiber soaked in 65% concentrated nitric acid for 2 h was used as the base template. The base template was in situ reacted in 15% WCl3 ethanol solution for 3 h to grow W 18 O 49 layer;
[0033] (2) In situ growth of W 18 O 49 The conductive fiber of the layer was used as the working electrode, the Pt electrode was used as the counter electrode, and the Ag / AgCl electrode was used as the reference electrode. In a carbon quantum dot solution with a concentration of 0.05 mol / L, carbon quantum dots were electrodeposited at a voltage of -0.8 V for 0.5 h to obtain carbon quantum dot-modified W 18 O 49 layer, and then annealed at 200℃ and 2h to obtain W 18 O 49 Color electrode;
[0034] In this embodiment, W is grown 18 O 49 layer and annealed at 200℃ 18 O 49 The XRD pattern of Figure 1 ,from Figure 1 It can be seen that the self-grown material is W 18 O 49 , and no phase change occurs after annealing;
[0035] In this embodiment, W annealed at different temperatures 18 O 49 Optical microscope photos of the color-developing electrodes are shown in Figure 2 ,from Figure 2 It can be seen that after quantum dot modification, W 18 O 49 W obtained by annealing the layer at different temperatures 18 O 49The initial colors of the color-developing electrodes are consistent, and the wavelengths of the reflection spectra are 460.4nm, 458.8nm, 460.2nm, and 460.1nm, respectively, with a wavelength error of less than 0.05%;
[0036] (3) With W 18 O 49 The color-developing electrode is the battery positive electrode, the Li foil is the battery negative electrode, the transparent PET shell is the shell, lithium hexafluorophosphate dissolved in EC / DM = 1:1 is used as the electrolyte, and PE is used as the separator. The battery positive electrode, battery negative electrode, electrolyte, separator, and shell are assembled into a smart lithium-ion battery (see Figure 3 );
[0037] (4) Detect the positive electrode W when the smart lithium-ion battery is fully charged 18 O 49 The initial color value of the layer is used as the standard color value (standard color value: L*=55.0, a=15.0, b=-25.0 (Lab mode)), and the battery is charged and discharged to detect the capacity decay of the battery when it is fully charged and the battery positive electrode W corresponding to the full charge capacity of different lithium-ion batteries in the capacity decay process when the battery is fully charged is synchronously detected. 18 O 49 The color value of the layer is detected by the colorimeter to determine the positive electrode W of the battery with different full-charge capacity. 18 O 49 The color difference value of the layer relative to the standard color value is used to draw the battery capacity-color difference value standard curve (see Figure 4 );
[0038] (5) Detect the positive electrode W of the battery when the intelligent lithium-ion battery is fully charged. 18 O 49 The actual color value of the layer (L*=25.0, a=5.0, b=-5.0) is detected by a colorimeter to obtain the actual color difference value (52) of the actual color value relative to the standard color value, and the actual capacity of the fully charged smart lithium-ion battery is predicted based on the actual color difference value and the battery capacity-color difference value standard curve;
[0039] In this embodiment, the actual capacity of the smart battery to be predicted is 5000 mAh.
[0040] Example 2: A method based on W 18 O 49 The method for predicting battery capacity by color change has the following specific steps:
[0041] (1) The conductive fiber soaked in 36.5% concentrated hydrochloric acid for 3 h was used as the base template. The base template was in situ reacted in 15% WCl3 ethanol solution for 2 h to grow W 18 O 49 layer;
[0042] (2) In situ growth of W 18 O 49 The conductive fiber of the layer was used as the working electrode, the Pt electrode was used as the counter electrode, and the Ag / AgCl electrode was used as the reference electrode. In a carbon quantum dot solution with a concentration of 0.05 mol / L, carbon quantum dots were electrodeposited at a voltage of -3.7 V for 2 h to obtain carbon quantum dot-modified W 18 O 49 layer, and then annealed at 200℃ for 2h to obtain W 18 O 49 Color electrode;
[0043] (3) With W 18 O 49 The color-developing electrode is the battery positive electrode, the Na foil is the battery negative electrode, the transparent PMMA shell is the outer shell, sodium perchlorate dissolved in ethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate is the electrolyte, and cellulose is the separator. The battery positive electrode, battery negative electrode, electrolyte, separator, and shell are assembled into 4 smart sodium ion batteries (see Figure 3 );
[0044] The discharge curves of the four visualized smart sodium ion batteries in this embodiment are shown in Figure 5 ,from Figure 5 It can be seen that the capacities of the four visualized smart sodium-ion battery discharge curves are almost the same, proving the consistency of the capacities of different batches. The error of discharge capacity of different batches is less than 0.5%.
[0045] (4) Detect the positive electrode W when the smart sodium ion battery is fully charged 18 O 49 The initial color value of the layer is used as the standard color value (standard color value: L*=44.0, a=15.0, b=-33.0 (Lab mode)), and the battery is charged and discharged to detect the capacity decay of the battery when it is fully charged and the battery positive electrode W corresponding to the full charge capacity of different sodium ion batteries in the capacity decay process when the battery is fully charged is synchronously detected. 18 O 49 The color value of the layer is detected by the colorimeter to determine the positive electrode W of the battery with different full-charge capacity. 18 O 49 The color difference value of the layer relative to the standard color value is used to draw the battery capacity-color difference value standard curve (see Figure 6 );
[0046] The gradient electrode color reflectivity curve under different charge and discharge times is shown in Figure 7 , the actual photos of the corresponding electrode color changes under different charge and discharge times are shown in Figure 8 ,from Figures 7-8 It can be seen that as the number of cycles increases, the color gradually becomes darker and the wavelength moves to the left from 340;
[0047] (5) Detect the predicted positive electrode W of the smart sodium ion battery 18 O 49 The actual color value of the layer (L*=14.0, a=2.0, b=-3.0) is detected by a colorimeter to obtain the actual color difference value (58) of the actual color value relative to the standard color value. Based on the actual color difference value and the battery capacity-color difference value standard curve, the actual capacity of the fully charged smart sodium-ion battery is predicted;
[0048] In this embodiment, the actual capacity of the smart battery to be predicted is 3000 mAh.
[0049] Example 3: A method based on W 18 O 49 The method for predicting battery capacity by color change has the following specific steps:
[0050] (1) The conductive fiber soaked in 98% concentrated sulfuric acid for 1 hour was used as the base template. The base template was in situ reacted in 20% WCl3 ethanol solution for 3 hours to grow W 18 O 49 layer;
[0051] (2) In situ growth of W 18 O 49 The conductive fiber of the layer was used as the working electrode, the Pt electrode was used as the counter electrode, and the Ag / AgCl electrode was used as the reference electrode. In a carbon quantum dot solution with a concentration of 0.04 mol / L, carbon quantum dots were electrodeposited at a voltage of 3.7 V for 3 h to obtain carbon quantum dot-modified W 18 O 49 layer, and then annealed at 300℃ for 2h to obtain W 18 O 49 Color electrode;
[0052] (3) With W 18 O 49 The color-developing electrode is the battery positive electrode, the K foil is the battery negative electrode, the transparent PC shell is the outer shell, KFSI (potassium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide) is the electrolyte, and PP is the diaphragm. The battery positive electrode, battery negative electrode, electrolyte, diaphragm, and outer shell are assembled into a smart potassium ion battery (see Figure 3 );
[0053] (4) Detect the positive electrode W when the smart sodium ion battery is fully charged 18 O 49 The initial color value of the layer is used as the standard color value (standard color value: L*=42.0, a=10.0, b=-36.0 (Lab mode)), and the battery is charged and discharged to detect the capacity decay of the battery when it is fully charged and the battery positive electrode W corresponding to the full charge capacity of different sodium ion batteries in the capacity decay process when the battery is fully charged is synchronously detected. 18 O 49The color value of the layer is detected by the colorimeter to determine the positive electrode W of the battery with different full-charge capacity. 18 O 49 The color difference value of the layer relative to the standard color value is used to draw the battery capacity-color difference value standard curve (see Figure 9 );
[0054] (5) Detect the predicted positive electrode W of the smart sodium ion battery 18 O 49 The actual color value of the layer (L*=9.0, a=5.0, b=-7.0) is measured by a colorimeter to obtain the actual color difference value (52) of the actual color value relative to the standard color value. Based on the actual color difference value and the battery capacity-color difference value standard curve, the actual capacity of the fully charged smart sodium-ion battery is predicted;
[0055] In this embodiment, the actual capacity of the smart battery to be predicted is 4000 mAh.
[0056] Example 4: A method based on W 18 O 49 The method for predicting battery capacity by color change has the following specific steps:
[0057] (1) The conductive fiber soaked in 98% concentrated sulfuric acid for 2 h was used as the base template. The base template was in situ reacted in 30% WCl3 ethanol solution for 1 h to self-grow W 18 O 49 layer;
[0058] (2) In situ growth of W 18 O 49 The conductive fiber of the layer was used as the working electrode, the Pt electrode was used as the counter electrode, and the Ag / AgCl electrode was used as the reference electrode. In a carbon quantum dot solution with a concentration of 0.05 mol / L, carbon quantum dots were electrodeposited at a voltage of -1.0 V for 1 h to obtain carbon quantum dot-modified W 18 O 49 layer, and then annealed at 250℃ for 1.5h to obtain W 18 O 49 Color electrode;
[0059] (3) With W 18 O 49 The color-developing electrode is the battery positive electrode, the Zn foil is the battery negative electrode, the transparent PC shell is the outer shell, 1 mol / L ZnSO4 aqueous solution is used as the electrolyte, and glass cellulose is used as the separator. The battery positive electrode, battery negative electrode, electrolyte, separator, and shell are assembled into an intelligent zinc ion battery (see Figure 3 );
[0060] (4) Detect the positive electrode W when the smart zinc-ion battery is fully charged 18 O 49The initial color value of the layer is used as the standard color value (standard color value: L*=43.0, a=12.0, b=-33.0 (Lab mode)), and the battery is charged and discharged to detect the capacity decay of the battery when it is fully charged and the battery positive electrode W corresponding to the full charge capacity of different zinc ion batteries in the capacity decay process when the battery is fully charged is synchronously detected. 18 O 49 The color value of the layer is detected by the colorimeter to determine the positive electrode W of the battery with different full-charge capacity. 18 O 49 The color difference value of the layer relative to the standard color value is used to draw the battery capacity-color difference value standard curve (see Figure 10 );
[0061] (5) Detect the positive electrode W of the intelligent zinc-ion battery to be predicted 18 O 49 The actual color value of the layer (L*=8.0, a=8.0, b=-3.0) is measured by a colorimeter to obtain the actual color difference value (53) of the actual color value relative to the standard color value. Based on the actual color difference value and the battery capacity-color difference value standard curve, the actual capacity of the fully charged smart zinc-ion battery is predicted;
[0062] In this embodiment, the actual capacity of the smart battery to be predicted is 3500 mAh.
[0063] The above describes the specific embodiments of the present invention in detail, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Various changes can be made within the knowledge of ordinary technicians in this field without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A W-based 18 O 49 The method for predicting battery capacity by color change is characterized in that: The specific steps are as follows: (1) The conductive fiber treated with concentrated acid for 1 to 3 hours was used as the base template, and the base template self-grown W in situ in WCl3 ethanol solution. 18 O 49 layer; (2) In situ growth of W 18 O 49 The conductive fiber of the layer is used as the working electrode, the Pt electrode is used as the counter electrode, and the Ag / AgCl electrode is used as the reference electrode. Carbon quantum dots are electrodeposited in the carbon quantum dot solution to obtain carbon quantum dot-modified W 18 O 49 layer, and then annealed at 100-500℃ for 1-8h to obtain W 18 O 49 Color electrode; (3) With W 18 O 49 The color-developing electrode is the battery positive electrode, the alkali metal foil is the battery negative electrode, the transparent PET, PC, PMMA or PVA shell is the outer shell, the alkali metal salt / organic solution system, the zinc salt / organic solution system, the alkali metal salt / aqueous solution system or the zinc salt / aqueous solution system is used as the electrolyte, and PE, PP or cellulose is used as the separator. The battery positive electrode, the battery negative electrode, the electrolyte, the separator and the outer shell are assembled into a smart battery; (4) Detect when the smart battery is fully charged 18 O 49 The initial color value of the layer is used as the standard color value to perform charge and discharge detection on the battery. When the battery is fully charged, the capacity decays. The battery positive electrode W corresponding to the different battery full-charge capacities in the capacity decay process is also detected simultaneously. 18 O 49 The color value of the layer is detected by the colorimeter to determine the positive electrode W of the battery at different full battery capacities. 18 O 49 The color difference value of the layer relative to the standard color value is used to draw a battery capacity-color difference value standard curve; (5) Detect the positive electrode W when the predicted smart battery is fully charged 18 O 49 The actual color value of the layer is measured, and the actual color difference between the actual color value and the standard color value is detected by a colorimeter. According to the actual color difference value and the battery capacity-color difference value standard curve, the actual capacity of the fully charged smart battery is predicted.
2. According to claim 1, based on W 18 O 49 The method for predicting battery capacity by color change is characterized by: In step (1), the conductive fiber is conductive carbon fiber, conductive silver fiber, conductive copper fiber, conductive platinum fiber or conductive nickel fiber, and the concentrated acid is concentrated nitric acid, concentrated nitric acid or concentrated hydrochloric acid.
3. According to claim 2 based on W 18 O 49 The method for predicting battery capacity by color change is characterized by: The mass concentration of the concentrated nitric acid is 30-65%, the mass concentration of the concentrated sulfuric acid is 50-98%, and the mass concentration of the concentrated hydrochloric acid is 12-36.5%.
4. According to claim 1 based on W 18 O 49 The method for predicting battery capacity by color change is characterized by: Step (1) In step (1), the mass concentration of the WCl3 ethanol solution is 5-50%, the in-situ reaction temperature is 120-180°C, and the reaction time is 2-24h.
5. According to claim 1, based on W 18 O 49 The method for predicting battery capacity by color change is characterized by: In step (2), the concentration of the carbon quantum dot solution is 0.01 to 0.05 mol / L, the electrodeposition voltage is -3.7 to 3.7 V, and the time is 0.5 to 2 h.
6. According to claim 1 based on W 18 O 49 The method for predicting battery capacity by color change is characterized by: In step (3), the alkali metal foil is lithium foil, sodium foil, potassium foil or zinc foil.
7. According to claim 1, based on W 18 O 49 The method for predicting battery capacity by color change is characterized by: In step (3), the alkali metal salt is lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, lithium tetrafluoroborate, sodium hexafluorophosphate, sodium tetrafluoroborate, sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, potassium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide or potassium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide; and the zinc salt is ZnSO4.
8. According to claim 1, based on W 18 O 49 The method for predicting battery capacity by color change is characterized by: The standard color values of step (4) are: L*=20~60, a=0~20, b=-60.0~0.
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