Method for building perovskite solar cell module array simulation model

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for establishing a simulation model of a perovskite solar cell module array. The method comprises the following steps: establishing an ideal equivalent circuit model of a perovskite cell; constructing a perovskite cell equivalent engineering model on the basis of the ideal equivalent circuit model of the perovskite cell; on the basis of the equivalent engineering model of the perovskite battery, a Simulink module in a simulation tool Matlab is adopted to construct a perovskite battery assembly array model; correcting the perovskite battery assembly array model to obtain a quantitative correction model of the perovskite battery assembly array; and performing simulink behavior level implementation on the quantitative correction model of the perovskite solar cell module array to obtain a simulation model of the perovskite solar cell module array. According to the perovskite solar cell module array simulation model, accurate prediction of perovskite cell module array behaviors can be realized, and certain guidance is provided for promoting commercialization of the perovskite solar cell technology.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of solar cell modules, in particular to a method for assembling a perovskite solar cell module array simulation model. Background Art

[0002] As global energy demand continues to grow, photovoltaic technology has received widespread attention as a renewable energy solution. In particular, perovskite cells, with their high energy conversion efficiency and low-cost production potential, have become an important development direction for the commercialization of next-generation photovoltaic technology. Research on perovskite cells has mainly focused on their efficiency limits and stability, which are key challenges for achieving commercial applications. At present, the efficiency of perovskite cells has reached a level comparable to that of traditional silicon-based solar cells, but their stability under actual outdoor operating conditions is still problematic.

[0003] Typically, solar cell performance tests are conducted under standard test conditions, which include room temperature of approximately 25°C and 1000W / m 2 AM1.5G radiation. However, the actual operating environment is far more complex than laboratory conditions, including temperature changes, light intensity fluctuations, air humidity and other factors, which will affect the performance and life of the battery. The performance differences caused by these factors need to be predicted and compensated by more accurate models.

[0004] Perovskite materials have wider band gaps than current mainstream photovoltaic materials. Therefore, the increase in dark carrier density and dark saturation current caused by temperature increase is less. Secondly, the band gap of perovskite increases with temperature. Contrary to almost all other traditional semiconductors, the increase in band gap can alleviate the loss of open circuit voltage and directly affect efficiency. Therefore, studying the effect of temperature on perovskite cells is an important research direction for realizing their commercial application.

[0005] Most of the existing photovoltaic module models are based on crystalline silicon cells, and a model that meets the characteristics of perovskite cells needs to be established urgently. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a method for assembling a perovskite solar cell module array simulation model.

[0007] In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution of the present invention is:

[0008] A method for constructing a perovskite solar cell module array simulation model comprises the following steps:

[0009] Construct an ideal equivalent circuit model of perovskite batteries;

[0010] Construct an equivalent engineering model of perovskite battery based on the ideal equivalent circuit model of perovskite battery;

[0011] Based on the equivalent engineering model of perovskite battery, the Simulink module in the simulation tool Matlab is used to build a perovskite battery component array model;

[0012] The perovskite battery module array model is corrected to obtain a quantitative correction model of the perovskite battery module array;

[0013] The quantitative correction model of the perovskite battery module array is implemented at the simulink behavioral level to obtain a simulation model of the perovskite solar cell module array.

[0014] As a preferred method, an ideal equivalent circuit model of a perovskite battery is constructed, specifically including:

[0015] Analyze the working characteristics of perovskite cells and build a single perovskite sub-cell using LTSPICE software;

[0016] Use LTSPICE software to model the circuit of a single perovskite sub-cell, simulate the output characteristics of a single perovskite sub-cell, and obtain the circuit structure of a single perovskite sub-cell;

[0017] The circuit structure of a perovskite solar cell module is constructed by connecting the circuit structures of multiple perovskite sub-cells in series. The circuit structure of the perovskite solar cell module is modeled and simulated using LTSPICE software to obtain the output characteristics of the perovskite solar cell module under different parameter combinations. The parameter combination with the minimum power loss is determined by parameter scanning, and the circuit structure of the perovskite solar cell module with the parameter combination with the minimum power loss is used as the ideal equivalent circuit model of the perovskite cell.

[0018] Preferably, the output characteristics of a single perovskite subcell are expressed as:

[0019]

[0020] Among them, R sh Represents parallel resistance, R s represents the series resistance, I represents the output current, V represents the voltage, I0 represents the reverse saturation current of the diode, I ph represents photocurrent, q represents electron charge, k represents Boltzmann constant, n represents ideality factor, and T represents temperature.

[0021] Preferably, the parameters of the perovskite solar cell assembly include: photocurrent: I ph =20mA; diode: reverse saturation current I0 = 1×10 -10 A, ideal factor n = 1.5; series resistance Rs The resistance range is 2Ω~5Ω, with a step size of 1Ω; the parallel resistor R sh The resistance range is: 1000Ω~3000Ω, with a step size of 500Ω; the interconnection resistance R IC The resistance range is 1Ω~3Ω, with a step size of 1Ω; in the circuit structure of each perovskite sub-cell, the photocurrent source, the parallel resistor and the diode are first connected in parallel and then in series with the series resistor, and the circuit structures of two adjacent perovskite sub-cells are connected in series through an interconnection resistor.

[0022] Preferably, an equivalent engineering model of a perovskite battery is constructed based on the ideal equivalent circuit model of the perovskite battery, specifically including:

[0023] The photocurrent, the reverse saturation current of the diode, the series resistance, the parallel resistance and the ideal factor are simplified or approximated as follows:

[0024] I ph =I d +I sh +I;

[0025] Among them, I d Represents the current flowing through the diode;

[0026]

[0027] Since the resistance of the series resistor is much smaller than the forward resistance of the diode, the photocurrent is approximately equal to the short-circuit current, that is, I ph ≈I sc , introducing the following coefficients C1 and C2:

[0028]

[0029] Among them, U oc is the open circuit voltage;

[0030] When the output power of the perovskite solar cell module is maximum, V = U m , I=I m , we get the following formula:

[0031]

[0032] Among them, U m The voltage representing the maximum power point of the perovskite solar cell module, I m The current representing the maximum power point of the perovskite solar cell module;

[0033] exist When it is much greater than 1, it is simplified to:

[0034]

[0035] Inverse solution to obtain C1:

[0036]

[0037] In case of circuit breaker, V=U oc ,I=0, then:

[0038]

[0039] It is much larger than 1, so we discard -1 and solve the problem inversely to get C2:

[0040]

[0041] According to the influence of temperature and light intensity in actual working conditions, the formula is corrected as follows:

[0042]

[0043] Among them, a, b, and c are coefficients, e represents the natural logarithm, S0 represents the standard reference light intensity, T0 represents the standard reference temperature, S represents the light intensity, ΔS represents the light intensity difference, ΔT represents the temperature difference, and U' oc Indicates the corrected open circuit voltage, U' m Represents the voltage at the corrected maximum power point, I' m Indicates the current at the corrected maximum power point;

[0044] Finally, the equivalent engineering model of the perovskite battery is simplified as shown below:

[0045]

[0046] As a preferred method, a perovskite battery component array model is constructed using the Simulink module in the simulation tool Matlab based on the perovskite battery equivalent engineering model, specifically including:

[0047] Based on the perovskite battery equivalent engineering model, a Simulink data flow diagram is used to model the key parameters inside the model, and input ports are created for inputting environmental parameters, including light intensity and temperature.

[0048] Build the calculation module in the Simulink data flow diagram to calculate the actual short-circuit current I′ sc , the corrected maximum power point current I′ m , Corrected open circuit voltage U′ oc , the voltage U′ at the maximum power point after correction mand output current I, connect a controlled current source, obtain the output current and voltage through the measurement module, and display the output characteristic curve to obtain the simulation circuit of the perovskite battery component;

[0049] The simulation circuits of multiple perovskite battery modules are organized into an array and packaged, and then connected in series and then in parallel to obtain a perovskite battery module array model.

[0050] Preferably, the perovskite battery assembly array model is corrected to obtain a quantitative correction model of the perovskite battery assembly array, specifically including:

[0051] Use the SCAPS-1D simulator to model and simulate typical perovskite materials and extract key parameters, including the current I at the maximum power point. m , current density J sc , maximum current density J m and open circuit voltage U oc ;

[0052] Introduced current temperature coefficient K i to I ph The current equation is corrected as shown below:

[0053]

[0054] The perovskite battery component array model is updated to obtain an updated perovskite battery component array model;

[0055] Calculate the temperature coefficient TC(p) of the key parameter as shown below:

[0056]

[0057] Among them, p represents the key parameter, T is the temperature;

[0058] An input port is created in the MATLAB / Simulink simulation to input the temperature T, and the key parameters are corrected using the temperature coefficient to obtain the corrected key parameters. The corrected key parameters are applied to the updated perovskite battery module array model to obtain a quantitative correction model of the perovskite battery module array.

[0059] Preferably, the quantitative correction model of the perovskite battery assembly array is implemented at the simulink behavior level to obtain a simulation model of the perovskite solar battery assembly array, which specifically includes:

[0060] Build a photocurrent control module, which is used to describe the process of calculating the photocurrent based on temperature and light intensity;

[0061] In the diode of the quantitative correction model of the perovskite battery component array, a band gap change with temperature realization module and a diode current calculation module are built. The band gap change with temperature realization module is used to reflect the sensitivity of the band gap to temperature change, as shown in the following formula:

[0062] E g =E g，Ref ·(1+dEgdT·(T-T0));

[0063] Among them, E g represents the band gap, E g,Ref represents the reference band gap, T0 represents the standard reference temperature, and T represents the temperature;

[0064] The diode current calculation module is used to describe the behavior of the diode at different temperatures, as shown in the following formula:

[0065]

[0066] Among them, I 0,T Represents the reverse saturation current of the diode, I 0,T represents the reference reverse saturation current of the diode, k1 represents the temperature coefficient of the corresponding band gap;

[0067] Finally, a simulation model of the perovskite solar cell module array is obtained.

[0068] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0069] (1) The method for constructing a perovskite solar cell module array simulation model of the present invention proposes a perovskite solar cell module array model to achieve accurate prediction and optimal design of cell performance under changes in environmental factors (such as temperature and light intensity).

[0070] (2) The quantitative correction model of the perovskite solar cell module array proposed by the method for constructing the simulation model of the perovskite solar cell module array of the present invention can accurately simulate the behavior of the perovskite cell under different temperature and illumination conditions, optimize the geometric layout and electrical connection of the module, and can also predict the efficiency and compensate for the performance differences caused by environmental factors. Finally, based on the simulation model of the perovskite solar cell module array, the mismatch of the series and parallel connections of each group in the array under different fault conditions in the perovskite solar cell module array is analyzed, and the expected solution is proposed, which provides a theoretical basis for the optimization method of the array mismatch power loss.

[0071] (3) The method for constructing a perovskite solar cell module array simulation model proposed in the present invention can not only optimize the design of the cell modules and arrays, but also accurately predict the behavior of the perovskite cell module array, providing certain guidance for promoting the commercialization of perovskite solar cell technology. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0072] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments and are incorporated into and constitute a part of this specification. The accompanying drawings illustrate the embodiments and together with the description are used to explain the principles of the present invention. Other embodiments and many expected advantages of the embodiments will be readily appreciated as they become better understood by reference to the following detailed description.

[0073] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a process for constructing a perovskite solar cell module array simulation model according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0074] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of an ideal equivalent circuit model of a perovskite cell for a method of assembling a perovskite solar cell assembly array simulation model according to an embodiment of the present application, wherein: Figure 2 (a) shows the circuit structure of the perovskite solar cell module modeled using LTSPICE software. Figure 2 (b) A schematic diagram showing the circuit of a perovskite solar cell module;

[0075] Figure 3 A Simulink data flow diagram to a formula modeling diagram of a method for assembling a perovskite solar cell module array simulation model according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0076] Figure 4 A functional implementation flow chart of a method for constructing a perovskite solar cell module array simulation model according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0077] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a simulation model of a perovskite solar cell assembly according to a method for assembling a simulation model of a perovskite solar cell assembly array according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0078] Figure 6 A simulation model diagram of the output characteristics of a perovskite cell according to a method for assembling a simulation model of a perovskite solar cell assembly array according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0079] Figure 7 A diagram of a string of perovskite solar cell components with bypass diodes for the method of assembling a perovskite solar cell component array simulation model according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0080] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a perovskite solar cell assembly array model for a method of assembling a perovskite solar cell assembly array simulation model according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0081] Fig. 9A Simulink behavioral level modeling diagram of a quantitative correction model of a perovskite solar cell component array for a method of assembling a simulation model of a perovskite solar cell component array according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0082] Fig.10 An internal calculation logic diagram of a photocurrent control module of a method for assembling a perovskite solar cell module array simulation model according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0083] Fig.11 An internal calculation logic diagram of a module for realizing the band gap variation with temperature of a method for assembling a simulation model of a perovskite solar cell module array according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0084] Fig.12 An internal calculation logic diagram of a diode current calculation module of a method for assembling a perovskite solar cell module array simulation model according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0085] Fig.13 The output characteristic diagram of the perovskite solar cell module array model of the method for assembling the perovskite solar cell module array simulation model of the embodiment of the present application, wherein: Fig.13 (a) shows the effect of light intensity on the IV characteristics of the perovskite cell module array model. Fig.13 (b) shows the effect of light intensity on the PV characteristics of the perovskite cell module array model. Fig.13 (c) shows the effect of temperature on the IV characteristics of the perovskite cell module array model. Fig.13 (d) shows the effect of temperature on the PV characteristics of the perovskite cell module array model;

[0086] Fig.14 The output characteristic diagram of short-circuit fault parallel mismatch of the method for assembling the simulation model of the perovskite solar cell module array of the embodiment of the present application, wherein: Fig.14 (a) shows the effect of short-circuit fault on the current characteristics of parallel branches. Fig.14 (b) shows the effect of short-circuit fault on the power characteristics of parallel branches;

[0087] Fig.15 The output characteristic diagram of the local shading parallel mismatch of the method for assembling the simulation model of the perovskite solar cell module array of the embodiment of the present application, wherein: Fig.15 (a) shows the effect of partial shielding on the current characteristics of the parallel branch. Fig.15 (b) shows the effect of local shading on the power characteristics of the parallel branches. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0088] The present application will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the relevant invention, rather than to limit the invention. It should also be noted that, for ease of description, only the parts related to the relevant invention are shown in the accompanying drawings.

[0089] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0090] refer to Figure 1 In the embodiment of the present application, a method for constructing a simulation model of a perovskite solar cell module array is proposed, comprising the following steps:

[0091] S1, construct an ideal equivalent circuit model of perovskite battery.

[0092] In a specific embodiment, step S1 specifically includes:

[0093] Analyze the working characteristics of perovskite cells and build a single perovskite sub-cell using LTSPICE software;

[0094] Use LTSPICE software to model the circuit of a single perovskite sub-cell, simulate the output characteristics of a single perovskite sub-cell, and obtain the circuit structure of a single perovskite sub-cell;

[0095] The circuit structure of a perovskite solar cell module is constructed by connecting the circuit structures of multiple perovskite sub-cells in series. The circuit structure of the perovskite solar cell module is modeled and simulated using LTSPICE software to obtain the output characteristics of the perovskite solar cell module under different parameter combinations. The parameter combination with the minimum power loss is determined by parameter scanning, and the circuit structure of the perovskite solar cell module with the parameter combination with the minimum power loss is used as the ideal equivalent circuit model of the perovskite cell.

[0096] In a specific embodiment, the output characteristics of a single perovskite subcell are expressed as:

[0097]

[0098] Among them, R sh Represents parallel resistance, R s represents the series resistance, I represents the output current, V represents the voltage, I0 represents the reverse saturation current of the diode, I ph represents photocurrent, q represents electron charge, k represents Boltzmann constant, n represents ideality factor, and T represents temperature.

[0099] In a specific embodiment, the parameters of the perovskite solar cell assembly include: photocurrent: I ph=20mA; diode: reverse saturation current I0 = 1×10 -10 A, ideal factor n = 1.5; series resistance R s The resistance range is 2Ω~5Ω, with a step size of 1Ω; the parallel resistor R sh The resistance range is: 1000Ω~3000Ω, with a step size of 500Ω; the interconnection resistance R IC The resistance range is 1Ω~3Ω, with a step size of 1Ω; in the circuit structure of each perovskite sub-cell, the photocurrent source, the parallel resistor and the diode are first connected in parallel and then in series with the series resistor, and the circuit structures of two adjacent perovskite sub-cells are connected in series through an interconnection resistor.

[0100] Specifically, LTSPICE software can be used to build and simulate a single perovskite sub-cell. According to the requirements of different materials and structures, the output characteristic formula can be fitted. LTSPICE software can be used to model and simulate a perovskite solar cell module containing multiple perovskite sub-cells, such as Figure 2 The parameter combination with the minimum power loss is found through parameter scanning. By running the simulation, the embodiment of the present application obtains the output characteristics under different parameter combinations. Table 1 shows some simulation results and their calculated efficiency and power loss results.

[0101] Table 1

[0102]

[0103] By calculating the output power and power loss of each parameter combination, the following conclusions can be drawn: s The parallel resistor R is 2Ω sh is 3000Ω, the interconnection resistance R IC The power loss is the smallest when the parameter combination is 1Ω. This shows that as the series resistance increases and the parallel resistance increases, the loss decreases. However, this may also lead to a slight decrease in output power. Through this simulation, it is found that the parameter combination with the smallest power loss can be used as an ideal equivalent circuit model of perovskite cells for optimized design.

[0104] refer to Figure 3 , we can draw the following conclusions: As R s As R increases, the total current and power output of the perovskite solar cell module decreases. This is because the higher series resistance increases the voltage loss and reduces the efficiency of the perovskite solar cell module. sh Increase, the leakage current of the perovskite solar cell module is reduced, thereby increasing the total current and power output. This is because the higher parallel resistance reduces the bypass path of the current and improves the fill factor (FF) of the perovskite solar cell module. By adjusting R s and R sh, the IV and PV characteristics of the component can be optimized, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell component.

[0105] S2, construct an equivalent engineering model of perovskite battery based on the ideal equivalent circuit model of perovskite battery.

[0106] In a specific embodiment, step S2 specifically includes:

[0107] The photocurrent, the reverse saturation current of the diode, the series resistance, the parallel resistance and the ideal factor are simplified or approximated as follows:

[0108] I ph =I d +I sh +I;

[0109] Among them, I d Represents the current flowing through the diode;

[0110]

[0111] Since the resistance of the series resistor is much smaller than the forward resistance of the diode, the photocurrent is approximately equal to the short-circuit current, that is, I ph ≈I sc , introducing the following coefficients C1 and C2:

[0112]

[0113]

[0114] Among them, U oc is the open circuit voltage;

[0115] When the output power of the perovskite solar cell module is maximum, V = U m , I=I m , we get the following formula:

[0116]

[0117] Among them, U m The voltage representing the maximum power point of the perovskite solar cell module, I m The current representing the maximum power point of the perovskite solar cell module;

[0118] exist When it is much greater than 1, it is simplified to:

[0119]

[0120] Inverse solution to obtain C1:

[0121]

[0122] In case of circuit breaker, V=U oc ,I=0, then:

[0123]

[0124] It is much larger than 1, so we discard -1 and solve the problem inversely to get C2:

[0125]

[0126] According to the influence of temperature and light intensity in actual working conditions, the formula is corrected as follows:

[0127]

[0128] Among them, a, b, and c are coefficients, e represents the natural logarithm, S0 represents the standard reference light intensity, T0 represents the standard reference temperature, S represents the light intensity, ΔS represents the light intensity difference, ΔT represents the temperature difference, and U' oc Indicates the corrected open circuit voltage, U' m Represents the voltage at the corrected maximum power point, I' m Indicates the current at the corrected maximum power point;

[0129] Finally, the equivalent engineering model of the perovskite battery is simplified as shown below:

[0130]

[0131] Specifically, in order to facilitate the establishment of equivalent models of solar cells and photovoltaic arrays and to simulate the output characteristics, in the actual simulation modeling process, some parameters in the formula that have little impact on the actual modeling process are usually discarded and approximated to establish an equivalent engineering model. For the most classic engineering model of the solar cell single diode equivalent model, the photocurrent I ph Approximately the short-circuit current I of the solar cell sc , that is I ph ≈I sc , because the series resistor R s The resistance of the diode in the forward conduction state is relatively much smaller, and R s The current in the branch I s It must be much larger than the current in the branch where the diode is located; secondly, since the shunt resistance is usually relatively large, the IV formula of the solar cell is approximated to zero during calculation.

[0132] When evaluating the performance of the system under standard test conditions, the actual and theoretical results are consistent only when the modeling process uses the photovoltaic cell parameters extracted under the same operating conditions. Since the data obtained by the above formula is usually only the parameters of the photovoltaic module specified under standard test conditions, and these parameters vary significantly with environmental conditions (such as sunshine and temperature), the parameters of the perovskite solar cell module must be adjusted to adapt to the changing operating conditions, so the embodiments of the present application correct the parameters under full operating conditions. When the external conditions of the solar cell change, the five parameters solved in the above formula will change accordingly according to the changes in the external environment, so it is necessary to correct the five parameters at different temperatures and different light intensities.

[0133] The perovskite battery equivalent engineering model uses the following main parameters: short-circuit current I sc , open circuit voltage V oc , the current at the maximum power point I m , Maximum power point voltage V m And the output power P at the maximum power point m , all these parameters are provided by battery manufacturers, and these technical parameters are measured under standard test conditions. The equivalent engineering model of perovskite batteries is easier to implement and has higher accuracy. The specific implementation process is as follows:

[0134] (1)R sh The resistance is very large, so (V+IR s ) / R sh Approaching 0, that is, I sh Item can be ignored.

[0135] (2)R s The resistance is very small, IR s Much smaller than the output voltage V, that is, IR s Item can be ignored.

[0136] (3)R s The resistance is much smaller than the forward resistance of the diode, that is, I ph ≈I sc .

[0137] S3, based on the equivalent engineering model of the perovskite battery, the Simulink module in the simulation tool Matlab is used to construct a perovskite battery component array model.

[0138] In a specific embodiment, step S3 specifically includes:

[0139] Based on the perovskite battery equivalent engineering model, a Simulink data flow diagram is used to model the key parameters inside the model, and input ports are created for inputting environmental parameters, including light intensity and temperature.

[0140] Build the calculation module in the Simulink data flow diagram to calculate the actual short-circuit current I′ sc , the corrected maximum power point current I′ m , Corrected open circuit voltage U′ oc , the voltage U′ at the maximum power point after correction m and output current I, connect a controlled current source, obtain the output current and voltage through the measurement module, and display the output characteristic curve to obtain the simulation circuit of the perovskite battery component;

[0141] The simulation circuits of multiple perovskite battery modules are organized into an array and packaged, and then connected in series and then in parallel to obtain a perovskite battery module array model.

[0142] Specifically, based on the perovskite battery equivalent engineering model, the Simulink module in the simulation tool Matlab can be used to build a simulation circuit for the perovskite battery component. The data flow diagram is as follows: Figure 4 shown.

[0143] Based on the five-parameter behavior model and the corresponding performance parameter correction formula, the simulation circuit of the corresponding perovskite battery component was developed on the Matlab / Simulink software platform. The simulation circuit of the entire perovskite battery component is based on Figure 5 The function implementation flowchart shown is used to complete the simulation of the output characteristics.

[0144] After packaging, the output characteristic simulation model of the simulation circuit of the perovskite battery component is as follows Figure 6 As shown in the figure, after all parameters are entered and confirmed to be correct, you can proceed to simulate the output characteristics.

[0145] The simulation circuit of the perovskite cell module was established using the perovskite cell equivalent engineering model. In practical photovoltaic power generation systems, photovoltaic arrays are usually composed of multiple modules connected in series and in parallel. During operation, partial shading and uneven illumination are common, and the heating of the modules will affect the operation of the entire array. The series diode used in each module is called a blocking diode, and its function is to prevent the reverse flow of current in the photovoltaic string. The reverse-parallel diode in the perovskite cell module is called a bypass diode, and its main function is to prevent the hot spot effect and reduce power loss under partial shading conditions. In the simulation of the photovoltaic array, bypass diodes are also connected in parallel to the modules, such as Figure 7 As shown in the figure, a perovskite battery module string with a bypass diode is used, and then 10 perovskite battery modules are connected in series and then in parallel to form a perovskite battery module array model built using Simulink. Figure 8As shown, the open circuit voltage of a single component is set to 8V, the short circuit current is set to 2A, the maximum power point voltage is 6.4V, and the maximum power point current is 1.8A.

[0146] S4, correcting the perovskite battery module array model to obtain a quantitative correction model of the perovskite battery module array.

[0147] In a specific embodiment, step S4 specifically includes:

[0148] Use the SCAPS-1D simulator to model and simulate typical perovskite materials and extract key parameters, including the current I at the maximum power point. m , current density J sc , maximum current density J m and open circuit voltage U oc ;

[0149] Introduced current temperature coefficient K i to I ph The current equation is corrected as shown below:

[0150]

[0151] The perovskite battery component array model is updated to obtain an updated perovskite battery component array model;

[0152] Calculate the temperature coefficient TC(p) of the key parameter as shown below:

[0153]

[0154] Among them, p represents the key parameter, T is the temperature;

[0155] An input port is created in the MATLAB / Simulink simulation to input the temperature T, and the key parameters are corrected using the temperature coefficient to obtain the corrected key parameters. The corrected key parameters are applied to the updated perovskite battery module array model to obtain a quantitative correction model of the perovskite battery module array.

[0156] Specifically, the SCAPS-1D simulator is used to model and simulate typical perovskite materials and extract key parameters: the current at the maximum power point (I m ), current density (J sc ), maximum current density (J m ) and open circuit voltage (U oc); calculate the temperature coefficients of key parameters. After having the temperature coefficients of these key parameters, an input port can be created in the MATLAB / Simulink simulation to input the current temperature T. Use the above correction formula to calculate the correction value of each key parameter at the current temperature. Apply the calculated correction value to the parameters of the perovskite battery module array model to update the quantitative correction model of the perovskite battery module array.

[0157] S5, implement the quantitative correction model of the perovskite battery module array at the simulink behavior level to obtain a simulation model of the perovskite solar cell module array.

[0158] In a specific embodiment, step S5 specifically includes:

[0159] Build a photocurrent control module, which is used to describe the process of calculating the photocurrent based on temperature and light intensity;

[0160] In the diode of the quantitative correction model of the perovskite battery component array, a band gap change with temperature realization module and a diode current calculation module are built. The band gap change with temperature realization module is used to reflect the sensitivity of the band gap to temperature change, as shown in the following formula:

[0161] E g =E g，Ref ·(1+dEgdT·(T-T0));

[0162] Among them, E g represents the band gap, E g,Ref represents the reference band gap, T0 represents the standard reference temperature, and T represents the temperature;

[0163] The diode current calculation module is used to describe the behavior of the diode at different temperatures, as shown in the following formula:

[0164]

[0165] Among them, I 0,T Represents the reverse saturation current of the diode, I 0,T represents the reference reverse saturation current of the diode, k1 represents the temperature coefficient of the corresponding band gap;

[0166] Finally, a simulation model of the perovskite solar cell module array is obtained.

[0167] Specifically, according to the quantitative correction model of the perovskite battery assembly array, the following is performed in Simulink: Fig. 9There are two input variables on the left side of the model, one is the light intensity (Irradiance) and the other is the temperature (Temperature). These two factors directly affect the photocurrent (I ph ). ph The control part adjusts the output of photocurrent according to these two inputs through the photocurrent control module, simulating the behavior of real photovoltaic cells under different light and temperature conditions.

[0168] The diode in the circuit represents the internal characteristics of the photovoltaic cell, such as forward conduction and reverse saturation. The circuit also includes a series resistor (Rs), which represents the internal resistance of the cell, and a parallel resistor (R sh ), which is used to simulate the leakage current of the battery. The filter in the circuit is used to smooth the output signal and remove possible noise or high-frequency disturbances.

[0169] The label "Rsh5%" indicates the parallel resistance (R sh ) is taken as 95% of the reference value, or a 5% reduction from the reference value. This is often used to simulate small deviations from actual operating conditions, because in the real world, the properties of perovskite solar cells can vary slightly from the ideal, reference, or nominal values ​​due to differences in the manufacturing process, temperature changes, aging, or other factors.

[0170] In the perovskite battery equivalent circuit model, R sh It is used to represent the lateral resistance inside the battery. The larger its value, the better the quality of the battery, because less current will flow through this parallel path. In this model, by replacing R sh Setting it as a certain percentage of the reference value can simulate the performance of the battery under non-ideal conditions. This is to take into account the impact of realistic factors such as uneven lighting and battery aging.

[0171] Even in the model, R sh Set up in a module together with the diode, such a mark can easily set the value of the parallel resistor under specific simulation conditions. Finally, the model also contains various control equations and parameters, which are used to describe the detailed physical characteristics of perovskite solar cells, including the effect of temperature on cell efficiency. Through this model, designers can predict and optimize the performance of perovskite battery components in practical applications.

[0172] Photocurrent (I ph ) module and its internal calculation logic such as Fig.10 shown. Fig.10 The calculation process of how temperature and light intensity affect the photocurrent is described in detail in the following. Fig.11 As shown, the diode current calculation module and internal calculation logic are as follows Fig.12 As shown. Since the sensitivity of photocurrent, bandgap and diode current to temperature is taken into account, a simulation model of perovskite solar cell module array is constructed.

[0173] The output characteristic curve of the perovskite photovoltaic array is as follows Fig.13 As shown. By changing the light intensity received by each perovskite cell module in turn, the output characteristic curve of the perovskite cell module array under partial shading can be simulated. As can be seen from the figure, under the same temperature conditions, the short-circuit current has little effect on the open-circuit voltage, but is almost proportional to the light intensity, so the output power at the maximum power point is also positively correlated with the light intensity. When the light intensity is constant, the temperature has little effect on the short-circuit current, but the open-circuit voltage value is negatively correlated with the temperature, so the higher the temperature, the lower the output power at the maximum power point.

[0174] Perovskite cell module arrays operating outdoors will encounter a variety of problems and challenges. These faults or anomalies may significantly affect the power generation efficiency and overall system performance. Four common faults or anomalies of perovskite cell module arrays include short circuit faults, degradation faults, open circuit faults and partial shading. Short circuit faults and partial shading can cause string mismatch problems. In order to facilitate fault simulation, the above perovskite solar cell module array simulation model in Matlab / Simulink was used to simulate and analyze two common faults. In order to associate the model parameters with the faults, the influence of the model parameters on the shape of the PV characteristic curve was analyzed through simulation.

[0175] The following discusses short-circuit fault simulation. The embodiment of the present application studies a 2-string parallel photovoltaic array consisting of two strings, targeting the case where the number of photovoltaic components in the two strings in the parallel array is different. A short-circuit fault is simulated by short-circuiting one component in the parallel branch (the resistance can be set to zero or infinite). Fig.14 As shown, parallel branch 1 is composed of three photovoltaic modules connected in series, and parallel branch 2 is composed of four photovoltaic modules connected in series. The two branches are connected in parallel to form a photovoltaic array. Under the same conditions, the perovskite battery module array, parallel branch 1 and parallel branch 2 are simulated respectively. Fig.14 The output characteristic curve results show that when a short-circuit fault occurs or the number of parallel branch components is unequal, it will cause parallel mismatch, causing the open-circuit voltage and the voltage of the maximum power point of the parallel array to be between the two branch voltages. At the same time, the maximum power is greatly reduced, while the short-circuit current is the sum of the two branch currents and remains unchanged.

[0176] By adjusting the gain of the irradiance intensity module, the embodiment of the present application simulates the local shadow shielding of the perovskite battery component, so that the incident irradiance of one component in the array branch is lower than that of other components. The IV characteristic curve and PV characteristic curve obtained are as follows: Fig.15 As shown, it can be seen that the shape of the IV curve is obviously distorted, and two local maximum power peaks appear in the PV characteristic curve. In addition, with the appearance of partial shading, the maximum power decreases, while the absolute value of the slope of the initial and ending parts of the IV characteristic curve, the open circuit voltage and the short circuit current remain basically unchanged.

[0177] The embodiment of the present application proposes a perovskite solar cell module array model to achieve accurate prediction and optimization design of battery performance under environmental factors such as temperature and light intensity changes. By using MATLAB / Simulink to develop a perovskite battery module model, and based on the material property data of the SCAPS-1D simulator, the parameters are corrected. Taking the typical representative material CH3NH3PbI3 as an example, the changes in parameters such as the current density, the current at the maximum power point, the current density and the open circuit voltage of the battery under different illumination and temperature conditions are obtained. The temperature sensitivity coefficients of various electrical and physical parameters are calculated according to the formula derived from the theory for correcting the model. The output characteristics of the perovskite battery module and its array under various operating conditions are studied in detail. The calculation results show that the quantitative correction model of the perovskite battery module array can accurately simulate the behavior of the perovskite battery under different temperature and illumination conditions, optimize the geometric layout and electrical connection of the module, and can also predict efficiency and compensate for performance differences caused by environmental factors. Finally, based on the simulation model of perovskite solar cell module array, the mismatch of each group in the array under different fault conditions in the perovskite cell module array is analyzed, and the expected solution is proposed, which provides a theoretical basis for the optimization method of array mismatch power loss. Through these models, not only can the design of cell modules and arrays be optimized, but also the accurate prediction of the behavior of perovskite cell module arrays can be achieved, which provides certain guidance for promoting the commercialization of perovskite solar cell technology.

[0178] The above describes the specific implementation of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, which should be included in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a simulation model of a perovskite solar cell module array, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Construct an ideal equivalent circuit model of perovskite batteries; Constructing an equivalent engineering model of a perovskite battery based on the ideal equivalent circuit model of the perovskite battery; Based on the perovskite battery equivalent engineering model, a perovskite battery component array model is constructed using the Simulink module in the simulation tool Matlab; Correcting the perovskite battery assembly array model to obtain a quantitative correction model of the perovskite battery assembly array; The quantitative correction model of the perovskite battery assembly array is implemented at the simulink behavior level to obtain a perovskite solar cell assembly array simulation model.

2. The method for constructing a perovskite solar cell module array simulation model according to claim 1, characterized in that: Construct an ideal equivalent circuit model of perovskite cells, including: Analyze the working characteristics of perovskite cells and build a single perovskite sub-cell using LTSPICE software; Use LTSPICE software to model the circuit of a single perovskite sub-cell, simulate the output characteristics of a single perovskite sub-cell, and obtain the circuit structure of a single perovskite sub-cell; The circuit structure of a perovskite solar cell module is constructed by connecting the circuit structures of multiple perovskite sub-cells in series. The circuit structure of the perovskite solar cell module is modeled and simulated using LTSPICE software to obtain the output characteristics of the perovskite solar cell module under different parameter combinations. The parameter combination with the minimum power loss is determined by parameter scanning, and the circuit structure of the perovskite solar cell module with the parameter combination with the minimum power loss is used as the ideal equivalent circuit model of the perovskite cell.

3. The method for constructing a perovskite solar cell module array simulation model according to claim 2, characterized in that: The output characteristics of the single perovskite subcell are expressed as: Among them, R sh Represents parallel resistance, R s represents the series resistance, I represents the output current, V represents the voltage, I0 represents the reverse saturation current of the diode, I ph represents photocurrent, q represents electron charge, k represents Boltzmann constant, n represents ideality factor, and T represents temperature.

4. The method for constructing a perovskite solar cell module array simulation model according to claim 3, characterized in that: The parameters of the perovskite solar cell module include: photocurrent: I ph =20mA; diode: reverse saturation current I0 = 1×10 -10 A, ideal factor n = 1.5; series resistance R s The resistance range is 2Ω~5Ω, with a step size of 1Ω; the parallel resistor R sh The resistance range is: 1000Ω~3000Ω, with a step size of 500Ω; the interconnection resistance R IC The resistance range is 1Ω~3Ω, with a step size of 1Ω; in the circuit structure of each perovskite sub-cell, the photocurrent source, the parallel resistor and the diode are first connected in parallel and then in series with the series resistor, and the circuit structures of two adjacent perovskite sub-cells are connected in series through an interconnection resistor.

5. The method for constructing a perovskite solar cell module array simulation model according to claim 4, characterized in that: Based on the ideal equivalent circuit model of the perovskite battery, an equivalent engineering model of the perovskite battery is constructed, which specifically includes: The photocurrent, the reverse saturation current of the diode, the series resistance, the parallel resistance and the ideal factor are simplified or approximated. The specific process is as follows: I ph =I d +I sh +I; Among them, I d Represents the current flowing through the diode; Since the resistance of the series resistor is much smaller than the forward resistance of the diode, the photocurrent is approximately equal to the short-circuit current, that is, I ph ≈I sc , introducing the following coefficients C1 and C2: Among them, U oc is the open circuit voltage; When the output power of the perovskite solar cell module is maximum, V = U m , I=I m , we get the following formula: Among them, U m The voltage representing the maximum power point of the perovskite solar cell module, I m The current representing the maximum power point of the perovskite solar cell module; exist When it is much greater than 1, it is simplified to: Inverse solution to obtain C1: In the case of circuit breaker, V=U oc ,I=0, then: It is much larger than 1, so we discard -1 and solve the problem inversely to get C2: According to the influence of temperature and light intensity in actual working conditions, the formula is corrected as follows: Among them, a, b, and c are coefficients, e represents the natural logarithm, S0 represents the standard reference light intensity, T0 represents the standard reference temperature, S represents the light intensity, ΔS represents the light intensity difference, ΔT represents the temperature difference, and U' oc Indicates the corrected open circuit voltage, U' m Represents the voltage at the corrected maximum power point, I' m Indicates the current at the corrected maximum power point; Finally, the equivalent engineering model of the perovskite battery is simplified as shown below:

6. The method for constructing a perovskite solar cell module array simulation model according to claim 1, characterized in that: Based on the perovskite battery equivalent engineering model, the Simulink module in the simulation tool Matlab is used to construct a perovskite battery component array model, which specifically includes: According to the perovskite battery equivalent engineering model, a Simulink data flow diagram is used to model the key parameters inside the model, and an input port is created for inputting environmental parameters, including light intensity and temperature; Build the calculation module in the Simulink data flow diagram to calculate the actual short-circuit current I′ sc , the corrected maximum power point current I′ m , Corrected open circuit voltage U′ oc , the voltage U′ at the maximum power point after correction m and output current I, connect a controlled current source, obtain the output current and voltage through the measurement module, and display the output characteristic curve to obtain the simulation circuit of the perovskite battery component; The simulation circuits of multiple perovskite battery modules are organized into an array and packaged, and then connected in series and then in parallel to obtain a perovskite battery module array model.

7. The method for constructing a perovskite solar cell module array simulation model according to claim 5, characterized in that: The perovskite battery assembly array model is corrected to obtain a quantitative correction model of the perovskite battery assembly array, specifically including: The SCAPS-1D simulator is used to model and simulate typical perovskite materials and extract key parameters, including the current I at the maximum power point. m , current density J sc , maximum current density J m and open circuit voltage U oc ; Introduced current temperature coefficient K i to I ph The current equation is corrected as shown below: The perovskite battery component array model is updated to obtain an updated perovskite battery component array model; Calculate the temperature coefficient TC(p) of the key parameter as shown below: Among them, p represents the key parameter, T is the temperature; An input port is created in the MATLAB / Simulink simulation for inputting the temperature T, and the key parameters are corrected using the temperature coefficient to obtain the corrected key parameters. The corrected key parameters are applied to the updated perovskite battery component array model to obtain a quantitative correction model of the perovskite battery component array.

8. The method for constructing a perovskite solar cell module array simulation model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The quantitative correction model of the perovskite battery assembly array is implemented at the simulink behavior level to obtain a simulation model of the perovskite solar battery assembly array, which specifically includes: Building a photocurrent control module, which is used to describe the process of calculating the photocurrent based on temperature and light intensity; In the diode of the quantitative correction model of the perovskite battery assembly array, a band gap change with temperature realization module and a diode current calculation module are constructed. The band gap change with temperature realization module is used to reflect the sensitivity of the band gap change with temperature, as shown in the following formula: AND g =And g,Ref ·(1+dEgdT·(T-T0)); Among them, E g represents the band gap, E g,Ref represents the reference band gap, T0 represents the standard reference temperature, and T represents the temperature; The diode current calculation module is used to describe the behavior of the diode at different temperatures, as shown in the following formula: Among them, I 0,T Represents the reverse saturation current of the diode, I 0,T represents the reference reverse saturation current of the diode, k1 represents the temperature coefficient of the corresponding band gap; Finally, a simulation model of the perovskite solar cell module array is obtained.

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