Battery pack protection device

Abstract

The application discloses a battery pack protection device, characterized by comprising, from bottom to top, a collision layer, a buffer energy absorption layer and a collision force dispersion energy absorption layer, wherein the battery pack is arranged on the collision force dispersion energy absorption layer, the collision layer is provided with a collision force conducting mechanism for vertically transmitting the collision force to the buffer energy absorption layer, the collision force dispersion energy absorption layer is provided with a collision force dispersion energy absorption mechanism for horizontally dispersing the collision force, and the buffer energy absorption layer is arranged between the collision force conducting mechanism and the collision force dispersion energy absorption mechanism. The application has the advantages of simple structure and graded reduction of the collision force, thereby providing better protection for the battery pack.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of battery pack protection of electric vehicles, and in particular to a battery pack protection device. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the greenhouse effect and various environmental problems caused by fuel vehicles, new energy vehicles gradually become the mainstream direction of contemporary vehicle development. In new energy vehicles, the battery pack is a core component, and based on the consideration of small influence on the center of gravity and space of the whole vehicle, the battery pack is usually arranged at the bottom of the vehicle. However, the vehicle is easily impacted and extruded by road foreign matters during high-speed driving, which easily causes deformation, short circuit and even fire explosion of the battery pack, and seriously endangers the safety of passengers. Therefore, the protection of the battery pack is particularly important. In the existing protection technology, high-strength steel or aluminum alloy is usually installed at the bottom of the battery box as a protection structure. This structure can only absorb energy through the plastic deformation of the local metal, and the non-impact area cannot better deform and absorb energy, and the impact force is concentrated and transmitted to the battery pack, which affects the impact resistance of the whole protection structure and leads to poor protection effect. SUMMARY

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present application is to provide a battery pack protection device with simple structure and good protection effect.

[0004] The technical scheme adopted by the present application to solve the above technical problem is:

[0005] A battery pack protection device, comprising a collision layer, a buffer energy absorption layer and a collision force dispersion energy absorption layer arranged in sequence from bottom to top, wherein the battery pack is arranged on the collision force dispersion energy absorption layer, a collision force transmission mechanism for vertically transmitting the collision force upward to the buffer energy absorption layer is arranged in the collision layer, a collision force dispersion energy absorption mechanism for horizontally dispersing and absorbing the collision force is arranged in the collision force dispersion energy absorption layer, and the buffer energy absorption layer is arranged between the collision force transmission mechanism and the collision force dispersion energy absorption mechanism.

[0006] The collision force transmission mechanism comprises a transmission cavity arranged in the collision layer, the transmission cavity corresponds to form a collision force transmission area, a plurality of partitions are vertically and parallelly arranged in the transmission cavity, the transmission cavity is divided into a plurality of independent transmission tracks from left to right by the plurality of partitions, a plurality of force transmission transmission small balls are continuously arranged in each transmission track from front to back, the transmission small balls adjacent in front and back are abutted, and the width of the transmission track in the left-right direction is matched with the diameter of the transmission small ball, so that the transmission small balls can only move in the up-down direction after the collision of the collision layer, and the vertical upward transmission of the collision force is realized.

[0007] The conductive track is provided with lubricating oil.

[0008] The buffer energy-absorbing layer comprises a rigid energy-absorbing substrate and a plurality of energy-absorbing springs uniformly and fixedly arranged on the energy-absorbing substrate, the energy-absorbing substrate is movably arranged between the impact layer and the impact force dispersion energy-absorbing layer, and the impact layer, the energy-absorbing substrate, the energy-absorbing springs and the impact force dispersion energy-absorbing layer are sequentially arranged from bottom to top.

[0009] The impact layer and the impact force dispersion energy-absorbing layer are connected through vertically arranged connecting columns, the energy-absorbing substrate is provided with guide holes corresponding to the positions of the connecting columns, the energy-absorbing substrate is installed on the connecting columns through the guide holes, and the energy-absorbing substrate is movably arranged in the up-down direction under the cooperation and guidance of the guide holes and the connecting columns.

[0010] The energy-absorbing substrate is a quadrilateral plate, the energy-absorbing substrate is provided with the guide holes at four corners respectively, and the number and positions of the connecting columns are matched with the guide holes.

[0011] The impact force dispersion energy-absorbing mechanism comprises a plurality of force bearing single-cell bodies arranged in the impact force dispersion energy-absorbing layer, the plurality of force bearing single-cell bodies are fixedly arranged in the impact force dispersion energy-absorbing layer at intervals, and adjacent force bearing single-cell bodies are connected through force transmission rods.

[0012] The force bearing single-cell body comprises at least three horizontally arranged hexagonal bearing rings, a plurality of the bearing rings are arranged at intervals from top to bottom, the bearing ring has six sides, the six sides are connected in sequence to form six connecting angles, the bearing ring at an odd layer is a first bearing ring, the bearing ring at an even layer is a second bearing ring, and one second bearing ring is arranged at intervals between two adjacent first bearing rings.

[0013] Each connecting angle on the first bearing ring is connected with the nearest connecting angle on the second bearing ring below in a clockwise direction through a first inclined rod, each connecting angle on the second bearing ring is connected with the nearest connecting angle on the first bearing ring below in a counterclockwise direction through a second inclined rod, and the first inclined rod and the second inclined rod connected to the same connecting angle form an obtuse angle.

[0014] Between the adjacent force bearing single cells: the bearing rings on the same horizontal layer are connected by a force transmission rod, the two ends of the force transmission rod are connected to the corresponding connecting angle of the bearing ring, and the multiple force transmission rods arranged from top to bottom are arranged in cross.

[0015] The impact force dispersion and energy absorption layer is provided with a dispersion cavity, the dispersion cavity corresponds to an impact force dispersion area, the topmost bearing ring is fixedly arranged on the top inner end face of the dispersion cavity, and the bottommost bearing ring is fixedly arranged on the bottom inner end face of the dispersion cavity.

[0016] The impact force dispersion and energy absorption layer is a porous structure.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the impact force dispersion and energy absorption layer is a porous structure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall three-dimensional structure of the application;

[0019] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the application;

[0020] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the impact layer in the application;

[0021] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the application;

[0022] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the single force bearing single cell in the application;

[0023] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the multiple force bearing single cells in the application;

[0024] Figure 7It is a simulation diagram of the shape change of the impact force dispersion and energy absorption mechanism in the application at different time points t after the impact force is received, wherein different colors are used to distinguish the corresponding stresses of each area of the bearing ring at different time points after the impact, and the specific stress data corresponding to different colors is referred to Figure 7 The stress data on the right side of the table;

[0025] Figure 8 It is a comparison diagram of the three shapes of the middle impact area in the application at different time points t after the impact. Figure 7 The blue and yellow areas in the diagram represent the size of the stress on the corresponding area of the bearing ring at t=69s after the impact, and the specific stress data corresponding to different colors is referred to Figure 7 The stress data on the right side of the table;

[0026] Figure 9 It is an experimental and simulation dynamic and static experimental data and comparison diagram of the impact dispersion and energy absorption layer in the application.

[0027] Figure 10 It is a comparison diagram of the experimental and simulation topography of the impact layer and the impact dispersion and energy absorption layer in the application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The application will be further described in detail below in combination with the embodiments of the drawings.

[0029] As shown in the figure, a battery pack protection device includes, from bottom to top, an impact layer 1, a buffer and energy absorption layer 2, and an impact force dispersion and energy absorption layer 3. The battery pack (not shown in the figure) is arranged on the impact force dispersion and energy absorption layer 3. The impact layer 1 is provided with an impact force transmission mechanism for vertically transmitting the impact force upward to the buffer and energy absorption layer 2. The impact force dispersion and energy absorption layer 3 is provided with an impact force dispersion and energy absorption mechanism for horizontally dispersing the impact force. The buffer and energy absorption layer 2 is arranged between the impact force transmission mechanism and the impact force dispersion and energy absorption mechanism.

[0030] In this specific embodiment, the impact force conducting mechanism includes a conducting cavity arranged in the impact layer 1, the conducting cavity corresponds to form an impact force conducting area, a plurality of partitions 11 are vertically parallel and arranged in the conducting cavity, the plurality of partitions 11 divide the conducting cavity from left to right into a plurality of independent conducting tracks 12, a plurality of conducting beads 13 for force conducting are arranged in each conducting track 12 from front to back, the front and back adjacent conducting beads 13 are arranged in abutment, the width of the conducting track 12 in the left and right directions is matched with the diameter of the conducting bead 13, so that the conducting bead 13 can only move in the up and down direction after the impact layer 1 is subjected to impact, and the vertical upward conducting of the impact force is realized. In this way, the impact force from different directions impacting on the impact layer 1 can be greatly vertically conducted to the buffer energy-absorbing layer 2 through the upward movement of the conducting bead 13, and then a part of the impact force is consumed and weakened by the buffer energy-absorbing layer 2; the front and back adjacent conducting beads 13 are arranged in abutment in the mechanism, which can avoid the mutual movement of the conducting beads due to the existence of the gap, and ensure that the impact force can be stably vertically conducted upward.

[0031] In this specific embodiment, in order to enable the conducting bead 13 to smoothly move up and down, lubricating oil is arranged in the conducting track 12 (not shown in the figure).

[0032] In this specific embodiment, the plurality of conducting beads 13 arranged in abutment from front to back constitute a force conducting row, and at least one row of force conducting rows is arranged in each conducting track 12. The plurality of rows are arranged, which is better in strength and is conducive to the conducting of force.

[0033] In this specific embodiment, the buffer energy-absorbing layer 2 includes a rigid energy-absorbing substrate 21 and a plurality of energy-absorbing springs 22 uniformly and fixedly arranged on the energy-absorbing substrate 21, the energy-absorbing substrate 21 is arranged in up and down movement between the impact layer 1 and the impact force dispersing and energy-absorbing layer 3, and the impact layer 1, the energy-absorbing substrate 21, the energy-absorbing spring 22 and the impact force dispersing and energy-absorbing layer 3 are sequentially arranged from bottom to top. The vertical impact force conducted to the energy-absorbing substrate 21 is transmitted to the energy-absorbing spring 22, the energy-absorbing spring 22 is deformed under the action of the force to play a role of buffering the impact force, and the local stress is further expanded to the impact force dispersing and energy-absorbing layer 3 through the energy-absorbing spring 22, so as to realize the dispersion, consumption and weakening of the bearing impact force.

[0034] In this specific embodiment, the energy-absorbing substrate 21 is a metal plate, and the energy-absorbing spring 22 is welded and fixed on the energy-absorbing substrate 21. The metal plate has better rigidity and better plasticity, and can absorb energy through plastic deformation.

[0035] In this specific embodiment, the impact layer 1 is connected with the impact force dispersion energy absorption layer 3 through the vertically arranged connecting column 4, the energy absorption base plate 21 is provided with a guide hole 20 at the position corresponding to the connecting column 4, and the energy absorption base plate 21 is installed on the connecting column 4 through the guide hole 20. Under the cooperation and guidance of the guide hole 20 and the connecting column 4, the energy absorption base plate 21 can move up and down. First, through the cooperation of the guide hole 20 and the connecting column 4, the stable installation of the buffer energy absorption layer 2 between the impact force transmission layer and the impact force dispersion energy absorption layer 3 is realized. Secondly, through the cooperation of the guide hole 20 and the connecting column 4, the buffer energy absorption layer 2 can only move up and down in the vertical direction, and the force transmission direction is stable.

[0036] In this specific embodiment, the energy absorption base plate 21 is a quadrilateral plate, and the energy absorption base plate 21 is provided with a guide hole 20 at each of the four corners. The number and position of the connecting column 4 are matched with the guide hole 20.

[0037] In this specific embodiment, the impact force dispersion energy absorption mechanism includes a plurality of force bearing single cells 5 arranged in the impact force dispersion energy absorption layer 3. The plurality of force bearing single cells 5 are fixedly arranged in the impact force dispersion energy absorption layer 3 at intervals, and adjacent force bearing single cells 5 are connected through force transmission rods 6. After the impact force is borne by each force bearing single cell 5, the force is transmitted through the force transmission rods, the dispersion of the force in the horizontal direction is realized, and the expansion of the stress range is realized, thereby playing a good protection role on the battery pack arranged thereon.

[0038] In this specific embodiment, the force bearing single cell 5 includes at least three horizontally arranged hexagonal bearing rings. The plurality of bearing rings are arranged in sequence from top to bottom and face each other at intervals. The bearing ring has six sides, and the six sides are connected in sequence to form six connection angles 50. The bearing ring located at an odd layer is a first bearing ring 51, and the bearing ring located at an even layer is a second bearing ring 52. An odd number of first bearing rings 51 and an even number of second bearing rings 52 are arranged in sequence from top to bottom.

[0039] Each connection angle 50 on the first bearing ring 51 is connected with the nearest connection angle 50 on the second bearing ring 52 located below the first bearing ring 51 in a clockwise direction through a first inclined rod 54. Each connection angle 50 on the second bearing ring 52 is connected with the nearest connection angle 50 on the first bearing ring 51 located below the second bearing ring 52 in a counterclockwise direction through a second inclined rod 55. The first inclined rod 54 and the second inclined rod 55 connected to the same connection angle 50 form an obtuse angle α.

[0040] Between adjacent force bearing single cells 5: the bearing rings located on the same horizontal layer are connected through a force transmission rod 6. The two ends of the force transmission rod 6 are connected to one connection angle 50 of the corresponding bearing ring. The plurality of force transmission rods 6 arranged in sequence from top to bottom are arranged in cross.

[0041] In the above structural design, in the same force bearing unit cell 5, the connection direction of the first inclined rod 54 and the second inclined rod 55 is opposite, and a first inclined rod 54 and a second inclined rod 55 on the same connection angle 50 form an obtuse angle, and are cross-connected with each other between the force transmission rods 6 between the adjacent unit cells, so that the torque can be better transmitted between the unit cells and the energy can be absorbed. When the force acts on a unit cell, due to the force transmission, the first inclined rod 54 and the second inclined rod 55 inside the unit cell are bent, the bearing ring located in the middle position is twisted, and the torque is transmitted to the connected unit cell through the force transmission rod 6 connected in the middle position, so that the connected unit cell is also twisted. Thus, the force of a unit cell is changed into the force between the unit cells in the region, the force is dispersed in the horizontal direction, the impact force is shared by the non-impact region, the force is reduced in stages, and the battery pack is effectively protected. The bearing ring in the hexagonal shape plays the role of a platform. The bearing ring in the hexagonal shape can be arranged with more inclined rods, and the corresponding stiffness is greater.

[0042] In this embodiment, the impact force dispersion and energy absorption layer 3 is provided with a dispersion cavity 30, the dispersion cavity 30 corresponds to the impact force dispersion region, the bearing ring at the top is fixedly arranged on the top inner end face of the dispersion cavity 30, and the bearing ring at the bottom is fixedly arranged on the bottom inner end face of the dispersion cavity 30. The force can be stably loaded and transmitted.

[0043] In this embodiment, in order to better transmit and reduce the impact force, the buffer and energy absorption layer 2 is designed to correspond to the impact force transmission region, and the buffer and energy absorption layer 2 is arranged below the impact force dispersion region.

[0044] In this embodiment, the impact force dispersion and energy absorption layer 3 is a porous structure. The porous structure has better energy absorption characteristics and smaller density. Under the same conditions, the porous structure has higher stiffness and lighter mass, so it can save more electric energy.

[0045] In this embodiment, the impact layer 1 and the impact force dispersion and energy absorption layer 3 are provided with mounting hole positions 10 for connecting and mounting the battery pack at positions corresponding to the positions of the battery pack.

[0046] From the simulation cloud chart in Figure 7 , it can be seen that the bearing ring in the middle of the force bearing unit cell 5 compresses the region and transmits the torque to the adjacent unit cell through the force transmission rod 6 between the unit cells, and from the color shown in Figure 7 , the middle region is twisted more. From Figure 8It can be seen that compared with the initial time t=0, t=34.5s and t=69s have obvious torsion, which means that the impact force dispersion energy absorption mechanism increases the stress area of the structure to a large extent, increases the energy absorption of the structure, and has better protection performance.

[0047] From Figure 9 and Figure 10 The simulation is in good agreement with the test data and panel damage morphology. From the static and dynamic force displacement curves, the impact force dispersion energy absorption mechanism has a relatively long platform stage to absorb energy, showing good impact resistance and energy absorption characteristics.

Claims

1. A battery pack protection device, characterized in that... The battery pack is arranged on the impact force dispersion and energy absorption layer, an impact force transmission mechanism for vertically transmitting the impact force upward to the buffer and energy absorption layer is arranged in the impact layer, and an impact force dispersion and energy absorption mechanism for horizontally dispersing and absorbing the impact force is arranged in the impact force dispersion and energy absorption layer. The impact force transmission mechanism comprises a transmission cavity arranged in the impact layer, the transmission cavity corresponds to an impact force transmission area, a plurality of partitions are vertically and horizontally arranged in the transmission cavity, the transmission cavity is divided into a plurality of independent transmission tracks from left to right by the partitions, a plurality of force transmission balls are arranged in each transmission track from front to back, the force transmission balls are arranged in close contact, the width of the transmission track in the left-right direction is matched with the diameter of the force transmission ball, so that the force transmission balls can only move in the up-down direction after the impact layer is impacted, and the vertical transmission of the impact force is realized. The impact force dispersion and energy absorption mechanism comprises a plurality of force bearing single cells arranged in the impact force dispersion and energy absorption layer, the force bearing single cells are arranged in the impact force dispersion and energy absorption layer in a spaced manner, and adjacent force bearing single cells are connected through a force transmission rod. The force bearing single cell comprises at least three horizontally arranged hexagonal bearing rings, the bearing rings are arranged in a spaced manner from top to bottom, the bearing ring has six sides, and the six sides form six connection angles after being connected in sequence, the bearing ring on the odd layer is a first bearing ring, and the bearing ring on the even layer is a second bearing ring. Each connection angle on the first bearing ring is connected with the nearest connection angle on the second bearing ring below the first bearing ring in a clockwise direction through a first inclined rod, each connection angle on the second bearing ring is connected with the nearest connection angle on the first bearing ring below the second bearing ring in a counterclockwise direction through a second inclined rod, and the first inclined rod and the second inclined rod connected to the same connection angle form an obtuse angle. Between adjacent force bearing single cells, the bearing rings on the same horizontal layer are connected through a force transmission rod, the two ends of the force transmission rod are connected to one connection angle of the corresponding bearing ring, and a plurality of force transmission rods arranged in sequence from top to bottom are arranged in a cross manner.

2. A battery pack guard as defined in claim 1, wherein The transmission track is provided with lubricating oil.

3. A battery pack guard as defined in claim 1, wherein The buffer energy-absorbing layer comprises a rigid energy-absorbing substrate and a plurality of energy-absorbing springs uniformly and fixedly arranged on the energy-absorbing substrate, the energy-absorbing substrate is movably arranged between the impact layer and the impact force dispersion energy-absorbing layer, and the impact layer, the energy-absorbing substrate, the energy-absorbing springs and the impact force dispersion energy-absorbing layer are sequentially arranged from bottom to top.

4. A battery pack guard as defined in claim 3, wherein The impact layer and the impact force dispersion energy-absorbing layer are connected through vertically arranged connecting columns, the energy-absorbing substrate is provided with guide holes corresponding to the positions of the connecting columns, the energy-absorbing substrate is installed on the connecting columns through the guide holes, and the energy-absorbing substrate is movably arranged in the up-down direction under the cooperation and guidance of the guide holes and the connecting columns.

5. A battery pack guard as defined in claim 4, wherein The energy-absorbing substrate is a quadrilateral plate, the energy-absorbing substrate is provided with the guide holes on four corners respectively, and the number and positions of the connecting columns are matched with the guide holes.

6. A battery pack guard as defined in claim 1, wherein The impact force dispersion energy-absorbing layer is provided with a dispersion cavity, the dispersion cavity corresponds to an impact force dispersion area, the topmost bearing ring is fixedly arranged on the top inner end face of the dispersion cavity, and the bottommost bearing ring is fixedly arranged on the bottom inner end face of the dispersion cavity.

7. A battery pack guard as defined in claim 1, wherein The impact force dispersion energy-absorbing layer has a porous structure.

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