An emergency recovery system for the loss of auxiliary power in a hydropower station

Abstract

The present invention discloses an emergency recovery system for the loss of auxiliary power in a hydropower station, which relates to the technical fields of power system automation and intelligent control. The system includes an optimization module for automatically optimizing the operation sequence of substation switches based on the states of electrical equipment and network topology in the substation to avoid short-circuit current impact; a load management module for receiving instructions from the optimization module and disconnecting non-critical load circuits to reduce the burden on the power system; a path control module for closing critical switches on a pre-determined optimal path according to the optimization results of the optimization module; a power supply recovery module for gradually restoring the normal power supply of critical equipment and the auxiliary power system; and a communication module for data interaction and synchronization among the modules to ensure the coordinated operation of the system. The emergency recovery system for the loss of auxiliary power in a hydropower station automatically optimizes the operation sequence of substation switches to solve the problem of short-circuit current impact during the recovery of auxiliary power.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of power system automation and intelligent control, and particularly relates to an emergency recovery system for the loss of station service power in a hydropower station. Background Art

[0002] In modern hydropower stations, the station service power system is the core part of the normal operation of the hydropower station, which is used to provide a stable power supply for the auxiliary equipment of the power station. However, in the case where the station service power system suddenly disappears due to faults or other reasons, how to quickly and effectively restore the station service power has become an urgent problem to be solved in the operation of hydropower stations. Currently, in order to cope with the problem of the loss of station service power, some hydropower stations adopt manual or semi-automatic methods to operate the substation switches.

[0003] These operations usually rely on a preset fixed sequence. However, this fixed sequence cannot be dynamically adjusted according to the actual operating state of the power grid, which is likely to cause the following problems: short-circuit current impact. During the restoration of the station service power, the simultaneous closing of multiple switches or an unreasonable operation sequence may lead to an instantaneous short-circuit current impact, damaging electrical equipment or causing system instability; prolonged restoration time. Due to the lack of automatic optimization, operators need to manually adjust the operation sequence of the switches, which not only increases the restoration time but may also cause further equipment failures due to operation errors; low operating efficiency. The existing switch operation process usually requires a large amount of manual intervention and lacks flexibility, making it difficult to meet the requirements of modern hydropower stations for efficient and intelligent restoration. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an emergency recovery system for the loss of station service power in a hydropower station, which automatically optimizes the operation sequence of substation switches to solve the problem of short-circuit current impact during the restoration of the station service power.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solution: An emergency recovery system for the loss of station service power in a hydropower station, the system includes:

[0006] An optimization module, which is used to automatically optimize the operation sequence of substation switches based on the state of electrical equipment in the substation and the network topology to avoid short-circuit current impact, including obtaining the short-circuit current intensity of each device in the substation, calculating the safety and stability value of the system under the current switch operation sequence, adjusting the switch operation sequence, and maximizing the safety and stability value under the current switch operation sequence to minimize the short-circuit current impact. The specific formula is: ;

[0007] where, A represents the safety and stability value under the current switch operation sequence, m represents the adjusted proportional constant, I represents the actually measured short-circuit current value at a certain moment in the substation, and I0 represents the preset safety threshold current;

[0008] A load management module connected to an optimization module, which is used to receive instructions from the optimization module and disconnect non-critical load circuits to reduce the burden on the power system;

[0009] A path control module connected to the optimization module and the load management module, which is used to close key switches on a pre-determined optimal path according to the optimization results of the optimization module, including modeling each power supply path and path load of a substation, calculating conflicts between paths, constructing a competition coefficient, finding a dynamic balance between paths, and determining the optimal power supply path. The specific formula is: ;

[0010] where, b i represents the state variable of path i, t represents time, and c i represents the initial optimization priority of path i, and a ij represents the competition relationship coefficient between path i and path j. i represents the number of the power supply path, j represents the number of other paths related to path i, and b j represents the state variable of path j;

[0011] Close the key switches on the optimal path according to the calculation results to reduce conflicts between paths;

[0012] A power supply restoration module connected to the path control module, which is used to gradually restore the normal power supply of key equipment and the auxiliary power system;

[0013] A communication module connected to the optimization module, the load management module, the path control module, and the power supply restoration module, which is used for data interaction and synchronization between modules to ensure the coordinated operation of the system.

[0014] Preferably, the load management module receiving instructions from the optimization module and disconnecting non-critical load circuits to reduce the burden on the power system includes:

[0015] Calculating the occupancy ratio of each current non-critical load and gradually reducing the non-critical load. The specific formula is:

[0016] ;

[0017] where, B t represents the load occupancy ratio at time t, B0 represents the initial load occupancy ratio, p represents the load reduction coefficient, and t represents time;

[0018] Disconnect non-critical loads according to the reduction results.

[0019] Preferably, the power supply restoration module gradually restoring the normal power supply of key equipment and the auxiliary power system includes:

[0020] Determine the maximum load capacity and recovery rate, calculate the recovered load capacity, and gradually restore power supply. The specific formula is: ;

[0021] where U(t) represents the recovered load capacity at time t, U max represents the maximum recovered load capacity, r represents the load recovery rate, t represents time, t0 represents the recovery center time point, and e represents the base of the natural logarithm;

[0022] Monitor the load recovery progress in real time, dynamically adjust the load recovery rate and the recovery center time point according to requirements. After the key equipment is restored, gradually restore the non-critical loads until the plant power system operates normally.

[0023] Preferably, the communication module is used for data interaction and synchronization between modules to ensure the coordinated operation of the system, including:

[0024] Set the base frequency of the communication module, allocate a harmonic-based synchronization frequency to all modules, and verify the communication frequency between modules according to the synchronization frequency of the modules. The specific formula is: f n = f1 × n;

[0025] where f n represents the synchronization frequency of the nth module, f1 represents the base frequency, and n represents the module number;

[0026] When data conflicts or delays occur, resynchronize the modules by adjusting the base frequency to ensure the frequency consistency of data interaction.

[0027] Preferably, the path control module closes the key switches on the pre-determined optimal path according to the optimization result of the optimization module. The competition relationship coefficient a ij between path i and path j is calculated as: ;

[0028] where a ij represents the competition relationship coefficient between path i and path j, S ij represents the load capacity of the resources shared by path i and path j, C i represents the total capacity of path i, and C j represents the total capacity of path j.

[0029] Preferably, the formula for calculating the load recovery rate r during the gradual restoration of the normal power supply of key equipment and the plant power system by the power supply restoration module is: r = k × E / T;

[0030] where r represents the load recovery rate, k represents the adjustment coefficient, E represents the current total load, and T represents the recovery time period.

[0031] Preferably, the formula for the central time point t0 for gradually restoring the normal power supply of key equipment and the auxiliary power system by the power supply restoration module is: ;

[0032] where t0 represents the central time point of restoration, represents the start time of the restoration task, and Δt represents the time span of the entire restoration process.

[0033] Preferably, the formula for U in gradually restoring the normal power supply of key equipment and the auxiliary power system by the power supply restoration module is: max is: ;

[0034] where U max represents the maximum restoration load capacity, represents the maximum load capacity of the z-th equipment, z represents the number of the equipment to be restored, and y represents the total number of the equipment or areas to be restored.

[0035] Preferably, based on the optimization result of the optimization module, the path control module closes the key switches on the pre-determined optimal path. The key switches include the main switch of the substation, the load protection switch, the standby power supply switching switch, the sectionalizing switch of the area, and the regulator switch.

[0036] Preferably, during the restoration process, the load protection switch preferentially protects the key load equipment to prevent damage caused by overload or short circuit.

[0037] From the above technical solutions, it can be seen that the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0038] The emergency recovery system for the loss of auxiliary power in a hydropower station automatically optimizes the operation sequence of substation switches based on the status of electrical equipment and network topology in the substation through an optimization module to avoid short-circuit current impact. The load management module receives instructions from the optimization module and disconnects non-critical load circuits to reduce the burden on the power system. The path control module closes critical switches on a pre-determined optimal path according to the optimization results of the optimization module. The power supply recovery module gradually restores the normal power supply of critical equipment and the auxiliary power system. The communication module is used for data interaction and synchronization between modules to ensure the coordinated operation of the system, effectively avoiding instantaneous short-circuit current impact caused by multiple switches closing simultaneously or unreasonable operation sequences, minimizing the current impact during the switch operation process, thereby protecting the safety of electrical equipment, enhancing the stability of the system, saving the time for manual adjustment of the switch sequence, quickly completing the closing of critical switches and load recovery, effectively shortening the overall time for auxiliary power recovery, reducing manual intervention, realizing an efficient and intelligent recovery process, improving the recovery efficiency, meeting the requirements of modern hydropower stations for intelligent and efficient operation, ensuring the coordination of switch operation and load recovery, reducing the risk of equipment failures caused by manual operation errors, reducing the impact of load recovery on the system, further enhancing the safety and reliability of system operation, reducing the damage to equipment caused by short-circuit current impact and manual misoperation, thereby reducing the failure rate and maintenance cost of equipment, and automatically optimizing the operation sequence of substation switches to solve the problem of short-circuit current impact during the recovery of auxiliary power. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0039] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the connection of system modules of the present invention. Detailed Embodiment

[0040] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0041] As Figure 1 shown, the present invention provides a technical solution: an emergency recovery system for the loss of auxiliary power in a hydropower station, the system includes:

[0042] An optimization module, used to automatically optimize the operation sequence of substation switches based on the status of electrical equipment and network topology in the substation to avoid short-circuit current impact, including obtaining the short-circuit current intensity of each device in the substation, calculating the safety and stability value of the system under the current switch operation sequence, adjusting the switch operation sequence, maximizing the safety and stability value under the current switch operation sequence, and minimizing the short-circuit current impact. The specific formula is: ;

[0043] Where, A represents the safety and stability value under the current switch operation sequence, m represents the adjustment proportional constant, I represents the actual measured short-circuit current value at a certain moment in the substation, and I0 represents the preset safety threshold current;

[0044] The load management module connected to the optimization module is used to receive the instructions of the optimization module and disconnect the non-critical load circuits to reduce the burden on the power system;

[0045] The path control module connected to the optimization module and the load management module is used to close the key switches on the pre-determined optimal path according to the optimization results of the optimization module, including modeling the power supply paths and path load amounts of the substation, calculating the conflicts between paths, constructing a competition coefficient, finding the dynamic balance between paths, and determining the optimal power supply path. The specific formula is: ;

[0046] Where, b i represents the state variable of path i, t represents time, c i represents the initial optimization priority of path i, a ij represents the competition relationship coefficient between path i and path j, i represents the number of the power supply path, j represents the number of other paths related to path i, and b j represents the state variable of path j;

[0047] Close the key switches on the optimal path according to the calculation results to reduce the conflicts between paths;

[0048] The power supply restoration module connected to the path control module is used to gradually restore the normal power supply of key equipment and the plant power system;

[0049] The communication module connected to the optimization module, the load management module, the path control module and the power supply restoration module is used for data interaction and synchronization between modules to ensure the coordinated operation of the system.

[0050] The system analyzes the operating status of electrical equipment and the network structure in the substation through an optimization module, calculates the safety and stability value of the current operation sequence, and optimizes the operation sequence to minimize the impact of short-circuit current. The load management module receives the optimization instructions and disconnects non-critical loads in stages, thereby reducing the system burden and ensuring the power supply safety of critical equipment as a priority. The path control module determines the optimal power supply path by dynamically adjusting the path status, and optimizes the switch status according to the calculation results to avoid conflicts between paths and ensure the stability of the power supply path. The power supply restoration module adopts a step-by-step restoration strategy, with the core being to ensure the power supply to important equipment as a priority. In addition, the optimization module and the path control module dynamically balance the competition relationship, with the core being to optimize and balance each path to achieve the optimal path selection. During system operation, through dynamic calculation and result analysis, the common optimal sequence is summarized to ensure the power supply to important equipment and the overall stability of the system. By promoting the mutual cooperation of equipment, the overall restoration efficiency is ultimately improved, and the risk of small impacts during power supply restoration is reduced. The optimization module dynamically adjusts the operation sequence to reduce the impact of short-circuit current and ensure the safe and stable operation of the system. The path control module selects the optimal power supply path through optimization to avoid path conflicts and improve the restoration efficiency. By disconnecting non-important loads in stages, the power usage cost is reduced. Through subsequent dynamic monitoring and real-time calculation, the switch operation is optimized to improve the operation convenience, and at the same time, the fault risk during the power supply restoration process is further reduced.

[0051] The load management module receives the instructions from the optimization module and disconnects the non-critical load circuits to reduce the burden on the power system, including: calculating the occupancy ratio of each current non-critical load, and gradually reducing the non-critical load. The specific formula is: ;

[0052] where B t represents the load occupancy ratio at time t, B0 represents the initial load occupancy ratio, p represents the load reduction coefficient, and t represents time;

[0053] Disconnect the non-critical loads according to the reduction results.

[0054] The load management module receives the instructions from the optimization module, dynamically calculates the occupancy ratio of non-critical loads based on the real-time monitored load information, and accurately plans the load reduction strategy through the formula The reduction process is carried out in a gradually decreasing manner to ensure the priority power supply to important loads. As time t progresses, the occupancy ratio B of non-critical loads tIt will gradually decrease, and the load management module will automatically issue a disconnection instruction according to the reduced calculation result, so as to achieve the goal of reducing the burden on the power system. In this process, the key function of the load management module is to dynamically adjust the reduction strategy and monitor the grid status in real time to avoid affecting the system stability during the load reduction process. In addition, by optimizing the reduction curve parameter p, a flexible reduction strategy can be achieved within different time periods to meet the diverse needs of the system. By gradually reducing non-critical loads, the system operation pressure is reduced, providing more stable power support for critical equipment. Based on the formula To achieve dynamic adjustment of the load ratio, the reduction rate can be flexibly set according to different power supply and demand conditions. The load management module ensures the priority power supply for important loads and reduces the risk of power conflicts during the restoration process by optimizing the reduction order. The power supply time of non-critical loads is reduced, the power consumption cost is lowered, and the energy efficiency ratio of the system is improved.

[0055] The power supply restoration module gradually restores the normal power supply of critical equipment and the auxiliary power system of the plant, including:

[0056] Determine the maximum load capacity and restoration rate, calculate the restored load capacity, and gradually restore the power supply. The specific formula is: ;

[0057] where U(t) represents the restored load capacity at time t, U max represents the maximum restored load capacity, r represents the load restoration rate, t represents time, t0 represents the restoration center time point, and e represents the base of the natural logarithm;

[0058] Monitor the load restoration progress in real time, dynamically adjust the load restoration rate and the restoration center time point according to the demand. After the critical equipment is restored, gradually restore the non-critical loads until the auxiliary power system of the plant operates normally.

[0059] The power supply restoration module analyzes the operation status of the power system in real time, based on the formula The dynamic calculation of the restored load ensures the optimal allocation of the load at different time periods. The restoration rate r and the restoration center time point t0 in the formula can be adjusted according to the actual situation to achieve efficiency and stability during the power supply restoration process. The system first gives priority to restoring the loads of critical devices. After ensuring their normal operation, non-critical loads are gradually connected according to the restoration plan. This process is monitored in real time by the power supply restoration module, which can dynamically adjust the restoration rate to cope with sudden load demands or system fluctuations, thus ensuring the safety and continuity of the power supply restoration process to the greatest extent. In addition, the power supply restoration module effectively avoids the power shock that may be caused by too fast restoration through the curve control model, and further improves the restoration efficiency and stability of the system through dynamic monitoring and adjustment. By dynamically calculating the load restoration amount and gradually increasing the power supply, the impact on the system caused by too fast restoration is avoided; the module can adjust the restoration rate r and the restoration time point t0 according to the actual needs to adapt to the changes in different system conditions and external environments; the restoration process is optimized by giving priority to restoring critical loads and then gradually connecting non-critical loads, greatly improving the system restoration efficiency; the restoration process is monitored in real time, and possible load conflicts or system instability during the restoration process are avoided through dynamic adjustment.

[0060] The communication module is used for data interaction and synchronization between modules to ensure the coordinated operation of the system, including setting the base frequency of the communication module, allocating harmonic-based synchronization frequencies for all modules, and verifying the communication frequencies between modules according to the synchronization frequencies of the modules. The specific formula is: f n = f1 × n;

[0061] where, f n represents the synchronization frequency of the nth module, f1 represents the base frequency, and n represents the module serial number;

[0062] When data conflicts or delays occur, the modules are resynchronized by adjusting the base frequency to ensure the frequency consistency of data interaction.

[0063] The communication module realizes data interaction and operation synchronization between each functional module in the system by setting the base frequency f1 and the synchronization frequency f of each module. The synchronization frequency f of each module n , according to the different module serial numbers n, follows the formula f n n ​= f1×n allocation. This harmonic-based allocation method ensures the uniqueness and distinguishability of the frequencies of each module. During system operation, the communication module performs real-time verification of the synchronization frequencies between modules to ensure frequency consistency. When conflicts or delays occur during data interaction, the communication module can dynamically reallocate the synchronization frequencies of each module by adjusting the base frequency f1, thereby quickly restoring the coordination of data interaction and the synchronous operation of the system. In addition, the communication module also supports dynamic scheduling. When a module temporarily joins or exits, it can ensure the frequency consistency between the newly added or exited module and the system by automatically adjusting the synchronization frequency. Ensuring the uniqueness and consistency of the communication frequencies between modules effectively avoids data conflicts; the communication module performs real-time verification of the synchronization frequencies, can quickly adjust the base frequency, and dynamically restore the synchronization of data interaction to ensure the coordinated operation of the system; when modules are added or removed or their operating states change, the communication module ensures the flexibility and adaptability of the system by adjusting the frequency allocation; through the frequency verification and adjustment mechanism, data conflicts and delay phenomena are greatly reduced, and communication efficiency is improved.

[0064] Based on the optimization results of the optimization module, the path control module closes the competition relationship coefficient a between the key switches on the pre-determined optimal path between path i and path j ij The calculation formula is: ;

[0065] where a ij represents the competition relationship coefficient between path i and path j, S ij represents the load capacity of the resources shared by path i and path j, C i represents the total capacity of path i, and C j represents the total capacity of path j.

[0066] By receiving the calculation results of the optimization module, the path control module dynamically evaluates the load conditions of each path and the degree of resource sharing between them. The competition relationship coefficient a ij is calculated through the formula where S ij represents the load of the resources shared by path i and path j, and C i and C j respectively represent the total capacities of path i and path j. This formula effectively quantifies the degree of competition between paths, reflects their dependence on shared resources and the possible conflict risks. During the path control process, the competition relationship coefficient is used to guide the path selection and the operation strategy of key switches. For example, when optimizing paths, the path control module will preferentially select paths with lower competition relationship coefficients to reduce resource conflicts and improve the overall recovery efficiency of the system. In addition, when the system detects that the competition relationship coefficient a of a certain path ijWhen it is too high, the path control module can dynamically adjust the operation strategy of key switches or reallocate the load capacity, thereby optimizing the resource allocation between paths and reducing the risk of conflicts. By quantifying the competition relationship between paths, the optimization module can preferentially select paths with a lower competition relationship coefficient, thus effectively reducing resource conflicts; by reasonably allocating the load capacity of shared resources, the total capacity utilization rate of the paths is maximized; when the competition relationship of some paths is too high, the system can dynamically adjust the resource allocation strategy to avoid instability caused by overloading of critical paths; the quantitative analysis of the competition relationship supports more accurate path optimization and improves the overall efficiency of the emergency recovery system.

[0067] When the power supply restoration module gradually restores the normal power supply of key equipment and the auxiliary power system, the calculation formula for the load restoration rate r is: r = k × E / T;

[0068] Among them, r represents the load restoration rate, k represents the adjustment coefficient, E represents the current total load, and T represents the restoration time period.

[0069] The power supply restoration module determines the load restoration rate r through the dynamic calculation formula r = k × E / T to achieve precise control of the restoration process. This formula combines the current total load E and the restoration time period T to ensure that the power supply restoration task is completed within the preset time period. At the same time, the adjustment coefficient k is used to flexibly adjust the restoration rate to cope with fluctuations in load demand or changes in the external environment during the actual restoration process. In actual operation, the power supply restoration module will calculate the total amount E based on the real-time detected load data and set the restoration period T according to the dispatching plan. The adjustment coefficient k can be automatically set by the system according to the restoration requirements and stability standards of the power system, or manually adjusted by the operator. The restoration process is carried out by gradually increasing the load to avoid current surges caused by too fast restoration and ensure a reasonable arrangement of the restoration order of key equipment and non-key equipment. In addition, the power supply restoration module continuously monitors the system operation status during the entire restoration process. When it detects overloaded loads or too slow restoration progress, it can dynamically optimize the restoration rate by readjusting parameters such as k, E, and T to ensure the safety and efficiency of the restoration process. By dynamically calculating the load restoration rate, ensure that the restoration process is precisely controllable; based on the current total load E and the restoration period T, reasonably allocate power resources to avoid over-power supply or resource waste; the introduction of the adjustment coefficient k improves the system's adaptability to load demand fluctuations; the method of gradually increasing the load effectively reduces the risk of power surges and system instability that may be caused by too fast restoration; the system can adjust parameters in real time according to the actual situation to ensure safe and efficient operation under various restoration conditions.

[0070] When the power supply restoration module gradually restores the normal power supply of key equipment and the auxiliary power system, the calculation formula for the central time point t0 of the restoration center is: ;

[0071] Among them, t0 represents the recovery center time point, represents the start time of the recovery task, and Δt represents the time span of the entire recovery process.

[0072] The power supply recovery module dynamically determines the recovery center time point t0 according to the formula The recovery center time point t0 is the time when the load gradually increases to a critical turning point during the entire recovery process, and is used to optimize the power distribution and the timing of operation steps. The start time of the recovery is the moment when the recovery task is started, and the system officially starts the recovery operation at this moment; the time span Δt is the estimated time for the recovery task from start to completion, and is used to measure the total duration of the entire process. In actual operation, the power supply recovery module dynamically adjusts the value of t0 by real-time monitoring of the recovery process to make it adapt to the load fluctuations or sudden situations in the system operation. For example, when the load changes beyond expectations during the recovery process, the module can re-evaluate and Δt, and adjust t0 accordingly to ensure the efficiency and safety of the recovery process. In addition, by dividing the recovery process into three stages: the early stage, the center stage, and the late stage, the system can concentrate resources at the center time point t0 to ensure that key equipment is restored first, while balancing the load distribution in the early and late stages and optimizing the system operation efficiency. Through the calculation of the recovery center time point t0, the resource allocation and operation sequence of the entire recovery process are reasonably planned; the recovery plan is optimized with t0 as the core, and resources are concentrated at critical moments to significantly improve the recovery efficiency; by real-time adjusting and Δt, t0 is dynamically optimized to enable the system to adapt to the fluctuations and emergencies in actual operation; the recovery task is divided into different stages to balance resource allocation and avoid excessive pressure or resource waste in the early or late stage of the recovery.

[0073] The power supply recovery module gradually restores the normal power supply of key equipment and the plant power system. The calculation formula of U max is: ;

[0074] Among them, U max represents the maximum recovery load capacity, represents the maximum load capacity of the z-th device, z represents the number of the device to be restored, and y represents the total number of devices or regions to be restored.

[0075] The power supply recovery module calculates the maximum recovery load capacity U max according to the above formula, which is used to reasonably allocate system resources and power capacity during the recovery process. The maximum load capacity of each device Determined by the rated power, load demand, and operating conditions of the equipment. By accumulating the load amounts of all the equipment or areas that need to be restored, the system can accurately obtain the maximum power support value required during the entire restoration process. During actual operation, the power supply restoration module first scans all the equipment z that needs to be restored to determine its specific load demand . Subsequently, the module groups or sorts these equipment according to the restoration plan and gradually connects them to the power system. To ensure system stability, the restoration module will prioritize the restoration of critical equipment and dynamically adjust the maximum restoration load U according to the real-time load monitoring data max . In addition, when the load demand of some equipment fluctuates due to changes in the operating environment, the module can recalculate U max , and optimize the restoration plan according to the adjusted results to ensure the efficiency and safety of the entire restoration process. By accumulating the maximum load demands of each equipment, accurately calculate the maximum power support required during the restoration process to ensure the rationality of the power supply plan; according to the calculation result of U max , reasonably plan the power resource allocation to improve the restoration efficiency; dynamically adjust the maximum load calculation in real time to adapt to the changes in the equipment load demand and avoid system instability caused by overloading or uneven resource allocation; formulate a restoration plan based on the maximum load and prioritize the restoration of critical equipment to optimize the power dispatching and operation sequence of the entire restoration process.

[0076] The path control module closes the key switches on the pre-determined optimal path according to the optimization results of the optimization module. The key switches include the main switch of the substation, the load protection switch, the standby power supply switching switch, the regional disconnector switch, and the regulator switch.

[0077] The path control module identifies the optimal power supply path and determines the key switch positions on the path based on the optimization results provided by the optimization module. During the specific operation process, the path control module gradually closes the following key switches in the preset priority order: Substation main switch: Responsible for restoring the main power supply path inside the substation and providing initial power input to the load; Load protection switch: Used to ensure the safe power supply of critical loads and prevent equipment damage caused by power fluctuations during the restoration process; Backup power supply switching switch: Switches to the backup power supply when the main power supply is not fully restored or fails, ensuring the continuous operation of the system; Regional isolation switch: Used to isolate the power supply path of a specific area and effectively avoid power conflicts between different areas during the restoration process; Regulator switch: By closing the regulator switch, the voltage and current parameters are dynamically adjusted to ensure the stable operation of the power system. During the above operation process, the path control module monitors the status of the key switches in real time to ensure that the overall operating parameters of the system remain within the safe range after each switch operation. When the operation of a certain key switch fails, the path control module can re-optimize the path and select a backup switch or adjust other paths to achieve the restoration goal. By pre-determining the key switches, the path control module can quickly identify and operate the key nodes on the optimal path to achieve precise restoration; The key switches (such as load protection switches and regional isolation switches) can effectively avoid power conflicts or equipment damage and improve the safety of the restoration process; The setting of the backup power supply switching switch ensures the continuous power supply of the system before the main power supply is restored, enhancing the reliability of the system; The dynamic adjustment function of the regulator switch further optimizes the voltage and current stability during the restoration process; Through regional isolation and path optimization, the utilization efficiency of power resources is improved and power waste during the restoration process is reduced.

[0078] The load protection switch preferentially protects critical load devices during the recovery process to prevent damage caused by overload or short circuit. The load protection switch is an important component in the emergency recovery system and is used to preferentially protect critical load devices during the power supply recovery process. The specific working principle is as follows: Real-time detection of load status: The load protection switch monitors the operating parameters such as current, voltage, and temperature of critical load devices in real time through built-in sensors. When the system detects a risk of overload or short circuit in the load device, the load protection switch quickly cuts off the power supply of the device to prevent damage to the device caused by overload or short circuit. Protection priority mechanism: During the recovery process, the system sets a higher protection priority for critical load devices. The load protection switch ensures the power supply safety of these devices first according to the recovery plan, and the protection of non-critical loads is in a secondary position. This can ensure that critical load devices are always in a safe operating state during the recovery process. Dynamically adjust protection parameters: During the power recovery process, the load protection switch can dynamically adjust the protection threshold according to the real-time monitored data, such as setting the critical values of current and voltage according to the working state of the load device. When the system load demand changes, the load protection switch can reconfigure the protection strategy to adapt to the actual recovery situation. Fast response mechanism: When detecting a short circuit or overload event, the load protection switch can respond within milliseconds, immediately cut off the power supply of the faulty load, and send a fault signal to the path control module to adjust the recovery path or operation plan. The load protection switch preferentially protects critical load devices, which can effectively prevent damage caused by overload or short circuit and ensure the safe operation of the core devices of the system; during the recovery process, the fast response protection mechanism reduces the recovery interruption caused by device failures and improves the reliability of the recovery process; the load protection switch can adjust the protection parameters according to the real-time monitored data to ensure that the device can be reasonably protected under various working conditions; through effective protection measures, the possibility of damage to critical devices due to failures is reduced, and the costs of device maintenance and replacement are lowered; the load protection switch preferentially protects critical devices and reasonably allocates power resources to ensure the maximum efficiency of power use during the recovery process.

[0079] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An emergency recovery system for a hydropower station when power is lost, characterized in that: The system comprises: The optimization module is used to automatically optimize the operation sequence of substation switches based on the status of electrical equipment and network topology in the substation to avoid short-circuit current shocks. This includes obtaining the short-circuit current intensity of each device in the substation, calculating the safety and stability value of the system under the current switch operation sequence, and adjusting the switch operation sequence to maximize the safety and stability value under the current switch operation sequence to minimize the short-circuit current shock. The specific formula is: ; Where A represents the safe and stable value under the current switch operation sequence, m represents the proportional constant of the adjustment, I represents the short-circuit current value actually measured in the substation at a certain moment, and I0 represents the pre-set safety threshold current; A load management module connected to the optimization module is used to receive instructions from the optimization module and disconnect non-critical load circuits to reduce the burden on the power system; The path control module, connected to the optimization module and the load management module, is used to close the key switches on the predetermined optimal path based on the optimization results of the optimization module. This includes modeling each power supply path and path load of the substation, calculating conflicts between paths, constructing competition coefficients, finding a dynamic balance between paths, and determining the optimal power supply path. The specific formula is: ; Among them, b i represents the state variable of path i, t represents time, c i represents the initial optimization priority of path i, a ij represents the competition coefficient between path i and path j, i represents the number of the power supply path, j represents the number of other paths related to path i, b j represents the state variable of path j; Close key switches on the optimal path based on the calculation results to reduce conflicts between paths; The power restoration module, connected to the path control module, is used to gradually restore normal power supply to key equipment and the auxiliary power system; The communication module connected to the optimization module, load management module, path control module and power recovery module is used for data interaction and synchronization between modules to ensure coordinated operation of the system.

2. The emergency recovery system for a hydropower station power outage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The load management module receives an instruction from the optimization module and disconnects non-critical load circuits to reduce the burden on the power system, including: Calculate the current occupancy rate of each non-critical load and gradually reduce the non-critical load. The specific formula is: ； Among them, B t represents the load occupancy ratio at time t, B0 represents the initial load occupancy ratio, p represents the load reduction coefficient, and t represents time; Disconnect non-critical loads according to the curtailment results.

3. The emergency recovery system for a hydropower station power outage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power supply restoration module gradually restores the normal power supply of key equipment and the auxiliary power system, including: Determine the maximum load and recovery rate, calculate the restored load, and gradually restore power supply. The specific formula is: ; Among them, U(t) represents the recovery load at time t, U max represents the maximum recovery load, r represents the load recovery rate, t represents time, t0 represents the recovery center time point, and e represents the base of the natural logarithm; Monitor the load recovery progress in real time, dynamically adjust the load recovery rate and recovery center time point according to demand, and gradually restore non-critical loads after key equipment is restored until the plant power system is operating normally.

4. The emergency recovery system for a hydropower station power outage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The communication module is used for data exchange and synchronization between modules to ensure coordinated operation of the system, including: Set the base frequency of the communication module, assign a harmonic-based synchronization frequency to all modules, and check the communication frequency between modules based on the module synchronization frequency. The specific formula is: f n =f1×n; Among them, f n Indicates the synchronization frequency of the nth module, f1 indicates the base frequency, and n indicates the module number; When data conflicts or delays occur, the modules are resynchronized by adjusting the base frequency to ensure frequency consistency of data interaction.

5. The emergency recovery system for power outage in a hydropower station according to claim 1, characterized in that: The path control module closes the competition relationship coefficient a between path i and path j in the key switch on the predetermined optimal path according to the optimization result of the optimization module. ij The calculation formula is: ; Among them, a ij represents the competition coefficient between path i and path j, S ij represents the load capacity of the shared resource between path i and path j, C i represents the total capacity of path i, C j represents the total capacity of path j.

6. The emergency recovery system for power outage in a hydropower station according to claim 3, characterized in that: The power supply restoration module gradually restores the key equipment and the auxiliary power system to normal power supply. The calculation formula of the load recovery rate r is: r = k × E / T; Where r represents the load recovery rate, k represents the adjustment coefficient, E represents the current total load, and T represents the recovery time period.

7. The emergency recovery system for a hydropower station power outage according to claim 3, characterized in that: The calculation formula for the restoration time point t0 at which the power supply restoration module gradually restores the normal power supply of key equipment and the auxiliary power system is: ; Among them, t0 represents the time point of restoring the center, It represents the start time of the recovery task, and Δt represents the time span of the entire recovery process.

8. The emergency recovery system for a hydropower station power outage according to claim 3, characterized in that: The power supply restoration module gradually restores the normal power supply of key equipment and the auxiliary power system. max The calculation formula is: ; Among them, U max Indicates the maximum recovery load, Indicates the maximum load of the zth device, z is the number of the device that needs to be restored, and y is the total number of devices or areas that need to be restored.

9. The emergency recovery system for a hydropower station power outage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The path control module closes key switches on a predetermined optimal path according to the optimization result of the optimization module, wherein the key switches include a substation main switch, a load protection switch, a backup power supply transfer switch, a regional isolation switch and a regulator switch.

10. The emergency recovery system for power outage in a hydropower station according to claim 9, characterized in that: The load protection switch gives priority to protecting key load equipment during the recovery process to prevent damage caused by overload or short circuit.

Images