Multi-cascade phase change enclosure structure and multi-energy utilization system and method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of multi-energy complementary utilization. According to the multi-cascade phase change enclosure structure and the multi-energy utilization system and method, a plurality of first coupling modules are used for being spliced to cover the top and the north of a house, and a plurality of second coupling modules are used for being spliced to cover the outer walls, except the north, of the side portions of the house; the first coupling module comprises a photochromic material layer, a photovoltaic photo-thermal plate layer, a vapor chamber and a phase change enclosure layer which are sequentially arranged from outside to inside, and the second coupling module comprises a photochromic material layer and a phase change enclosure layer which are sequentially arranged from outside to inside. By adding the thermochromic material layer, the solar thermal radiation absorption amount under different solar radiation conditions and environment temperature conditions is adjusted, and the phase change enclosure temperature is prevented from being too high; according to different building areas of solar radiation, the phase change enclosure coupling module adopts thermochromic materials with different color change temperatures and phase change materials with different phase change temperatures, and the problem that the temperature distribution of a building is not uniform is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of multi-energy complementary utilization, and in particular to a multi-stage phase change enclosure structure, a multi-energy utilization system and a method. Background Art

[0002] The statements in this section merely provide background art related to the present invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] With the rapid development of renewable energy such as solar energy and wind energy, the intermittent and unstable problems of energy supply have become increasingly prominent. Phase change energy storage technology can store and release energy efficiently and reliably, providing an effective solution for the stable supply of renewable energy. At the same time, phase change energy storage technology also shows broad application prospects in the fields of power peak regulation, microgrid systems and building energy management. It can smooth energy fluctuations, improve energy utilization efficiency, and provide new solutions for energy transformation and energy conservation and emission reduction. In recent years, green buildings using solar photovoltaic thermal and phase change heat storage technology have carried out a large number of application demonstrations.

[0004] However, the increase in the types of building materials used in buildings and their different thermal conductivity properties have led to an increasingly obvious thermal bridge effect in buildings. The proportion of the thermal bridge part in the exterior wall area has become larger and larger, resulting in a significant increase in the proportion of thermal bridge heat consumption in the total energy consumption, especially in areas with hot summers and cold winters. The impact of thermal bridge problems in residential buildings on building energy consumption is more significant; at the same time, due to the different solar radiation conditions and heat transfer properties of building materials at different locations in the building, the temperature distribution inside the building and on the building walls becomes uneven, seriously affecting the comfort of humans and animals and plants living and working in the building; in addition, if the real-time solar radiation is too high, it will also cause overheating of photovoltaic thermal components, affecting their service life. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to address the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a multi-stage phase change enclosure structure, a multi-energy utilization system and a method, which realizes the adjustment of the solar thermal radiation absorption under different solar radiation conditions and ambient temperature conditions by adding a thermochromic material layer, thereby avoiding excessively high phase change enclosure temperature; compared with using the same phase change enclosure structure for the entire building, the present invention uses thermochromic materials with different color change temperatures and phase change materials with different phase change temperatures in the phase change enclosure coupling module according to different building areas of solar radiation, thereby alleviating the problem of uneven temperature distribution in the building.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a multi-stage phase change enclosure structure.

[0007] A multi-stage phase-change enclosure structure comprises: a first coupling module and a second coupling module, wherein a plurality of the first coupling modules are used to be assembled and covered on the top of a house, and a plurality of the second coupling modules are used to be assembled and covered on the side exterior wall of the house; The first coupling module includes a color-changing material layer, a photovoltaic thermal panel layer, a heat spreader and a phase-change enclosure layer arranged in sequence from the outside to the inside, and the second coupling module includes a color-changing material layer and a phase-change enclosure layer arranged in sequence from the outside to the inside.

[0008] As a further limitation of the first aspect of the present invention, a plurality of phase change energy storage units are arranged in the phase change enclosure layer, a fluid pipeline is arranged in the phase change energy storage unit, and spiral heat exchange fins are provided on the outer wall of the fluid pipeline.

[0009] As a further limitation of the first aspect of the present invention, the phase change energy storage unit is in a rectangular parallelepiped structure, a phase change material is arranged in an inner cavity of the phase change energy storage unit, and the fluid pipeline runs through the phase change energy storage unit.

[0010] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a multi-stage phase change enclosure structure.

[0011] A multi-stage phase-change enclosure structure, comprising: a first coupling module and a second coupling module, wherein a plurality of the first coupling modules are used to splice and cover the outer walls on the top of a house and the north-facing side of the house, and a plurality of the second coupling modules are used to splice and cover the outer walls on the side of the house other than the north-facing side; The first coupling module includes a color-changing material layer, a photovoltaic thermal panel layer, a heat spreader and a phase-change enclosure layer arranged in sequence from the outside to the inside, and the second coupling module includes a color-changing material layer and a phase-change enclosure layer arranged in sequence from the outside to the inside.

[0012] As a further limitation of the second aspect of the present invention, a plurality of phase change energy storage units are arranged in the phase change enclosure layer, a fluid pipeline is arranged in the phase change energy storage unit, and spiral heat exchange fins are provided on the outer wall of the fluid pipeline.

[0013] As a further limitation of the second aspect of the present invention, the color change temperature range of the thermochromic material on the roof of the house and the north-facing exterior walls of the side of the house is 18~21°C, and the color change temperature range of the thermochromic material on the exterior walls other than the north-facing exterior walls of the side of the house is 21~24°C.

[0014] As a further limitation of the second aspect of the present invention, the phase change energy storage unit is in a rectangular parallelepiped structure, a phase change material is arranged in an inner cavity of the phase change energy storage unit, and the fluid pipeline runs through the phase change energy storage unit.

[0015] As a further limitation of the second aspect of the present invention, the temperature range of the phase change material of the roof and the north-facing exterior walls of the house is 18-21°C, and the temperature range of the phase change material of the exterior walls other than the north-facing exterior walls of the house is 21-24°C.

[0016] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a multi-energy utilization system.

[0017] A multi-energy utilization system, comprising the multi-stage phase change enclosure structure described in the first aspect of the present invention, a solar energy storage water tank, a compressor and a water tank; The first water pump and the second water pump are connected to both ends of the fluid pipeline in the phase change enclosure respectively, the first water pump is connected to the first valve, the first valve is connected to the water tank through a pipeline, the third valve is connected to the connecting pipeline between the first valve and the water tank, the compressor is connected to the water tank, the water tank is connected to the fourth valve, the fourth valve is connected to the third water pump and the fifth valve respectively through pipelines, the third water pump is connected to the sixth valve, and the sixth valve is connected to the second water pump; The fifth valve is connected to the seventh valve and the fourth water pump through pipelines respectively, the fourth water pump is connected to the eighth valve, the eighth valve is connected to the solar energy storage water tank through pipelines, the seventh valve is connected to the fifth water pump, and the fifth water pump is connected to the solar energy storage water tank; The first valve is also connected to the second valve through a pipeline, the second valve is connected to the solar energy storage water tank and the ninth valve through pipelines respectively, and the ninth valve is connected to the drainage pipeline.

[0018] In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a multi-energy utilization method, using the multi-energy utilization system described in the third aspect of the present invention, comprising the following process: In summer, the compressor uses the off-peak electricity of the night power grid or the electricity generated by the rooftop solar photovoltaic panels to compress and refrigerate to produce low-temperature fluid and store it in the water tank. The second valve and the fifth valve are closed, and the access to other energy forms is disconnected. The fourth valve and the third water pump are opened, and the low-temperature fluid from the water tank passes through the fourth valve, the third water pump, the sixth valve and the second water pump in sequence into the fluid pipeline. The low-temperature fluid efficiently transfers the cold to the phase change energy storage material filled therein through the spiral heat exchange fins. When the phase change material is lower than the set temperature, it changes from liquid phase to solid phase. After heat exchange, the heated fluid passes through the first water pump, the first valve and the third valve and returns to the water tank; In winter, the solar energy storage water tank converts solar energy into thermal energy, and the thermal fluid enters the fluid pipeline for heat storage through the fifth water pump, the seventh valve, the fifth valve, the third water pump, the sixth valve and the second water pump in sequence, and the return water returns to the solar energy storage water tank through the first water pump, the first valve and the ninth valve in sequence.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. Compared with the photovoltaic thermal panel-phase change enclosure coupling module or phase change enclosure, the present invention achieves the adjustment of the solar thermal radiation absorption under different solar radiation conditions and ambient temperature conditions by adding a thermochromic material layer, thereby avoiding excessive temperature of the phase change enclosure.

[0020] 2. Compared with the use of the same phase change enclosure structure in the entire building, the phase change enclosure coupling module of the present invention uses thermochromic materials with different color change temperatures and phase change materials with different phase change temperatures according to different building areas of solar radiation, thereby alleviating the problem of uneven temperature distribution in the building.

[0021] 3. Compared with the direct connection between the photovoltaic thermal panel and the phase change material, the present invention achieves uniform temperature distribution between the photovoltaic thermal panel and the phase change material by adding a heat spreader in the middle, thus avoiding working failures caused by local excessive temperature.

[0022] Advantages of additional aspects of the present invention will be given in part in the following description, and in part will become obvious from the following description, or will be learned through practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] The accompanying drawings in the specification, which constitute a part of the present invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute improper limitations on the present invention.

[0024] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a multi-stage phase change enclosure structure provided by the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a first coupling module provided by the present invention; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a second coupling module provided by the present invention; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a phase change enclosure provided by the present invention; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a multi-energy utilization system provided by the present invention; Among them, 1. the first coupling module; 2. the second coupling module; 3. the color-changing material layer; 4. the photovoltaic thermal panel layer; 5. the heat spreader; 6. the phase change enclosure layer; 7. the phase change energy storage unit; 8. the fluid pipeline; 9. the spiral heat exchange fins; 10. the solar energy storage water tank; 11. the compressor; 12. the water tank; 13. the first water pump; 14. the second water pump; 15. the third water pump; 16. the fourth water pump; 17. the fifth water pump; 18. the first valve; 19. the second valve; 20. the third valve; 21. the fourth valve; 22. the fifth valve; 23. the sixth valve; 24. the seventh valve; 25. the eighth valve; 26. the ninth valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0026] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are exemplary and are intended to provide further explanation of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs.

[0027] like Figure 1 As shown, the present implementation method provides a multi-stage phase change enclosure structure, which combines thermochromic material-photovoltaic thermal panel-phase change enclosure, and arranges the enclosure in different areas according to lighting conditions. A thermochromic material-photovoltaic thermal panel-phase change enclosure coupling module is used in areas with sufficient lighting, and a thermochromic material-phase change enclosure coupling module is used in areas with insufficient lighting. Thermochromic materials are used to adjust the heat absorption of the phase change enclosure structure, and the color change temperature of the thermochromic material and the phase change temperature of the phase change material in areas with different lighting conditions are also different, thereby improving the uniformity of the temperature distribution of the building and avoiding overheating of the photovoltaic thermal panel.

[0028] Specifically, Figure 1 As shown, it comprises: a first coupling module 1 and a second coupling module 2, wherein a plurality of the first coupling modules 1 are used to splice and cover the outer wall on the top of the house and the side of the house facing north, and a plurality of the second coupling modules 2 are used to splice and cover the outer wall on the side of the house other than the north; like Figure 2 As shown, the first coupling module 1 includes a color-changing material layer 3, a photovoltaic thermal panel layer 4, a heat spreader 5 and a phase change enclosure layer arranged in sequence from the outside to the inside, as shown in FIG. Figure 3 As shown, the second coupling module 2 includes a color-changing material layer 3 and a phase-change enclosure layer which are arranged in sequence from the outside to the inside.

[0029] It can be understood that in some other implementations, the second coupling module 2 can be arranged entirely on the side exterior wall of the house, and the first coupling module 1 is only arranged on the top of the house, which will not be described in detail here.

[0030] The first coupling module 1 and the second coupling module 2 of the present implementation both adopt a detachable monomer structure designed as a cube structure, and the number of monomer modules can be increased or decreased in a timely manner according to the usage scenario and requirements.

[0031] In this implementation, optionally, a plurality of phase-change energy storage units 7 are arranged in the phase-change enclosure layer, a fluid pipeline 8 is arranged in the phase-change energy storage unit 7, and spiral heat exchange fins are provided on the outer wall of the fluid pipeline 8.

[0032] In this implementation, optionally, the thermochromic material can change color according to the temperature of the phase change enclosure coupling module to adjust the emissivity, thereby adjusting the solar energy absorption of the photovoltaic thermal panel layer 4 and the temperature of the phase change enclosure coupling module under different temperature scenarios, and finally adjusting the ambient temperature inside the building. The color change temperature range of the thermochromic material on the roof and north wall is 18°C~21°C, and the color change temperature range of the thermochromic material on other walls is 21°C~24°C.

[0033] In this implementation, optionally, the heat spreader 5 quickly transfers the heat of the photovoltaic thermal panel layer 4 to the phase change enclosure layer to prevent the photovoltaic thermal panel from overheating.

[0034] In this implementation, optional, such as Figure 4 As shown, the phase change energy storage unit 7 is a rectangular parallelepiped structure, the inner cavity of the phase change energy storage unit 7 is provided with a phase change material, and the fluid pipeline 8 runs through the phase change energy storage unit 7. More specifically, a maximum of 5 rectangular parallelepiped phase change energy storage units 7 are included, each of the phase change energy storage units 7 contains a phase change material and a fluid pipeline 8 running through the entire phase change energy storage unit 7, spiral heat exchange fins 9 are installed around the pipeline, and the refrigerant passing through the fluid pipeline 8 exchanges heat with the phase change material in the phase change energy storage unit 7.

[0035] In this implementation, optionally, the temperature range of the phase change material on the roof of the house and the north-facing exterior walls of the side of the house is 18°C ​​to 21°C, and the temperature range of the phase change material on the exterior walls of the side of the house other than the north-facing exterior walls is 21°C to 24°C.

[0036] This implementation also provides a multi-energy utilization system, such as Figure 5 As shown, it includes the above-mentioned multi-stage phase change enclosure structure and a solar energy storage water tank 10, a compressor 11 and a water tank 12; The two ends of the fluid pipeline 8 in the phase change enclosure are respectively connected to the first water pump 13 and the second water pump 14, the first water pump 13 is connected to the first valve 18, the first valve 18 is connected to the water tank 12 through a pipeline, the third valve 20 is connected to the connecting pipeline between the first valve 18 and the water tank 12, the compressor 11 is connected to the water tank 12, the water tank 12 is connected to the fourth valve 21, the fourth valve 21 is respectively connected to the third water pump 15 and the fifth valve 22507 through pipelines, the third water pump 15 is connected to the sixth valve 23, and the sixth valve 23 is connected to the second water pump 14; The fifth valve 22 is connected to the seventh valve 24 and the fourth water pump 16 through pipelines, the fourth water pump 16 is connected to the eighth valve 25, the eighth valve 25 is connected to the solar energy storage water tank 10 through pipelines, the seventh valve 24 is connected to the fifth water pump 17, and the fifth water pump 17 is connected to the solar energy storage water tank 10; The first valve 18 is also connected to the second valve 19 through a pipeline, and the second valve 19 is respectively connected to the solar energy storage water tank 10 and the ninth valve 26 through pipelines, and the ninth valve 26 is connected to the drainage pipeline.

[0037] Based on the multi-energy utilization method of the multi-energy utilization system described above, different energy forms can be selected for different seasons and different application scenarios, and the working mode of the entire energy storage system is also different, including the following processes: In the summer when the outdoor ambient temperature is high, the compressor 11 uses the valley electricity of the night power grid or the electricity generated by the rooftop solar photovoltaic panels to compress and refrigerate to produce low-temperature fluid and store it in the water tank 12. In order to ensure that the phase change material in the phase change energy storage module reaches the phase change temperature, the water temperature obtained by refrigeration in the water tank 12 needs to be as close to 0°C as possible; Close the second valve 19 and the fifth valve 22, disconnect the access of other energy forms, open the fourth valve 21 and the third water pump 15 for cooling, and the low-temperature fluid from the water tank 12 passes through the fourth valve 21, the third water pump 15, the sixth valve 23 and the second water pump 14 in sequence to enter the fluid pipeline 8, and the low-temperature fluid efficiently transfers the cold to the phase change energy storage material filled therein through the spiral heat exchange fins 9. The phase change material changes from liquid phase to solid phase below 20°C, storing a large amount of cold. The heated fluid after heat exchange passes through the first water pump 13, the first valve 18 and the third valve 20 and returns to the water tank 12; In winter, in addition to the centralized heating network, grid valley electricity compression heating and rooftop solar photovoltaic panels for power generation and heating, the solar energy storage tank 10 can also be used to convert renewable energy into thermal energy. The thermal fluid enters the fluid pipeline 8 for heat storage through the fifth water pump 17, the seventh valve 24, the fifth valve 22, the third water pump 15, the sixth valve 23 and the second water pump 14 in sequence, and the return water returns to the solar energy storage tank 10 through the first water pump 13, the first valve 18 and the ninth valve 26 in sequence.

[0038] The multi-energy utilization system can realize the utilization of various forms of energy. The photovoltaic thermal power generation panels will use the generated electricity for their own system energy storage or external power supply. The generated heat energy will be stored for heating in winter to meet the indoor temperature requirements. The valley electricity of the night power grid can also be used through air source heat pumps to store, convert and slowly release the heat energy to meet the temperature control needs in the building.

[0039] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-stage phase change enclosure structure, characterized in that: include: A first coupling module and a second coupling module, wherein a plurality of the first coupling modules are used to be assembled and covered on the roof of a house, and a plurality of the second coupling modules are used to be assembled and covered on the side exterior wall of the house; The first coupling module includes a color-changing material layer, a photovoltaic thermal panel layer, a heat spreader and a phase-change enclosure layer arranged in sequence from the outside to the inside, and the second coupling module includes a color-changing material layer and a phase-change enclosure layer arranged in sequence from the outside to the inside.

2. The multi-stage phase change enclosure structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of phase-change energy storage units are arranged in the phase-change enclosure layer, a fluid pipeline is arranged in the phase-change energy storage unit, and spiral heat exchange fins are arranged on the outer wall of the fluid pipeline.

3. The multi-stage phase change enclosure structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The phase-change energy storage unit is in a rectangular parallelepiped structure, a phase-change material is arranged in the inner cavity of the phase-change energy storage unit, and the fluid pipeline runs through the phase-change energy storage unit.

4. A multi-stage phase change enclosure structure, characterized in that: include: a first coupling module and a second coupling module, wherein a plurality of the first coupling modules are used to assemble and cover the outer walls on the roof of the house and the side of the house facing north, and a plurality of the second coupling modules are used to assemble and cover the outer walls on the side of the house other than the north; The first coupling module includes a color-changing material layer, a photovoltaic thermal panel layer, a heat spreader and a phase-change enclosure layer arranged in sequence from the outside to the inside, and the second coupling module includes a color-changing material layer and a phase-change enclosure layer arranged in sequence from the outside to the inside.

5. The multi-stage phase change enclosure structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: A plurality of phase-change energy storage units are arranged in the phase-change enclosure layer, a fluid pipeline is arranged in the phase-change energy storage unit, and spiral heat exchange fins are arranged on the outer wall of the fluid pipeline.

6. The multi-stage phase change enclosure structure according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that: The color-changing temperature range of the thermochromic material on the roof of the house and the north-facing exterior walls of the side of the house is 18~21℃, and the color-changing temperature range of the thermochromic material on the exterior walls other than the north-facing exterior walls of the side of the house is 21~24℃.

7. The multi-stage phase change enclosure structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The phase-change energy storage unit is in a rectangular parallelepiped structure, a phase-change material is arranged in the inner cavity of the phase-change energy storage unit, and the fluid pipeline runs through the phase-change energy storage unit.

8. The multi-stage phase change enclosure structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: The phase change material temperature range of the roof of the house and the north-facing exterior walls of the side of the house is 18~21℃, and the phase change material temperature range of the exterior walls other than the north-facing exterior walls of the side of the house is 21~24℃.

9. A multi-energy utilization system, characterized in that: It comprises the multi-stage phase change enclosure structure according to any one of claims 1 to 8, a solar energy storage water tank, a compressor, a water tank and a water pump; The first water pump and the second water pump are connected to both ends of the fluid pipeline in the phase change enclosure respectively, the first water pump is connected to the first valve, the first valve is connected to the water tank through a pipeline, the third valve is connected to the connecting pipeline between the first valve and the water tank, the compressor is connected to the water tank, the water tank is connected to the fourth valve, the fourth valve is connected to the third water pump and the fifth valve respectively through pipelines, the third water pump is connected to the sixth valve, and the sixth valve is connected to the second water pump; The fifth valve is connected to the seventh valve and the fourth water pump through pipelines respectively, the fourth water pump is connected to the eighth valve, the eighth valve is connected to the solar energy storage water tank through pipelines, the seventh valve is connected to the fifth water pump, and the fifth water pump is connected to the solar energy storage water tank; The first valve is also connected to the second valve through a pipeline, the second valve is connected to the solar energy storage water tank and the ninth valve through pipelines respectively, and the ninth valve is connected to the drainage pipeline.

10. A multi-energy utilization method, characterized in that: Utilizing the multi-energy utilization system according to claim 9, The process includes: In summer, the compressor uses the off-peak electricity of the night power grid or the electricity generated by the rooftop solar photovoltaic panels to compress and refrigerate to produce low-temperature fluid and store it in the water tank. The second valve and the fifth valve are closed, and the access to other energy forms is disconnected. The fourth valve and the third water pump are opened, and the low-temperature fluid from the water tank passes through the fourth valve, the third water pump, the sixth valve and the second water pump in sequence into the fluid pipeline. The low-temperature fluid efficiently transfers the cold to the phase change energy storage material filled therein through the spiral heat exchange fins. When the phase change material is lower than the set temperature, it changes from liquid phase to solid phase. After heat exchange, the heated fluid passes through the first water pump, the first valve and the third valve and returns to the water tank; In winter, the solar energy storage water tank converts solar energy into thermal energy, and the thermal fluid enters the fluid pipeline for heat storage through the fifth water pump, the seventh valve, the fifth valve, the third water pump, the sixth valve and the second water pump in sequence, and the return water returns to the solar energy storage water tank through the first water pump, the first valve and the ninth valve in sequence.

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