Composite pane with integrated functional elements

Abstract

The invention relates to a composite pane (1), in particular for a vehicle, comprising an outer pane (2) having an outer side I and an inner side II and comprising an inner pane (3) having an outer side III and an inner side IV, which are bonded to one another via a thermoplastic intermediate layer (4). The invention relates to a composite pane (1) equipped with at least one electrical functional element (10) which is or comprises at least one in-mold electronic (IME) component (7b) and / or has at least one film with at least one functional surface on which at least one functional layer with at least one electrical component is arranged, according to the invention, at least one electrical module (7) is formed on the functional surface and / or a decorative layer is formed on the film, wherein the electrical module (7) or the IME component (7b) is arranged at least partially in a recess or cut-out prefabricated for this purpose or in a cut-back section of the inner pane (3) and / or of the intermediate layer (4). The invention also relates to a method for producing a composite pane (1) and to the use thereof.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a laminated glass pane having integrated electrical functional elements, as well as a method for producing such a laminated glass pane and the use thereof.

[0002] A large number of glass panes are used in the field of vehicle technology. It is increasingly desirable to integrate different functions into glass panes. For example, attempts are increasingly being made to integrate electrical functional elements, such as sensors, for example rain sensors, lighting sensors, distance sensors, etc., or operating elements, such as touch switches, proximity switches, lighting and display elements or other functional elements, for example for driver assistance systems and / or for infotainment purposes, into glass panes. The space requirements of the functional elements and components, for example together with the often complex manufacturing processes or the less attractive appearance of the resulting glass panes, are limiting factors.

[0003] Functional glazing has been widely used in buildings and / or vehicles. DE19927683 C1 discloses a laminated glass pane, which comprises at least two glass panes and a transparent laminating layer connecting them and has a solar protection layer that substantially reflects rays outside the visible spectrum of solar radiation, in particular infrared rays. The laminated glass pane has another transparent, substantially heat-reflective coating (low-E layer) on its inner-facing surface, which is spatially separated from the solar protection layer.

[0004] Windshields in which a sunshade in the form of a functional element with electrically controllable optical properties is integrated are also known, in particular with electrically controllable transmission or scattering properties. The driver can thus control the transmission behavior of the windshield itself with respect to solar radiation and can dispense with a conventional mechanical sunshade.

[0005] Electrically adjustable sunshades are also used in glass roofs of motor vehicles. In particular in the case of large panoramic glass panels, the transmission of the glass panel needs to be variably controlled. Depending on the position of the sun, it is necessary to shade only parts of the glass panel or to switch the entire surface to opaque in order to protect privacy in parked vehicles.

[0006] This electrically switchable functional element for realizing an adjustable sunshade is a so-called polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) functional element. The active layer contains liquid crystals embedded in a polymer matrix. If no voltage is applied, the liquid crystals are aligned in a disordered manner, which leads to strong scattering of light passing through the active layer. If a voltage is applied to the planar electrodes, the liquid crystals are aligned in a common direction and the light transmission through the active layer is increased. The PDLC functional element does not play as much of a role by reducing the total transmission as it does by increasing the scattering, thereby ensuring anti-glare.

[0007] Windshields with electrically adjustable sunshades are known, for example, from DE 102013001334 A1, DE 102005049081 B3, DE 102005007427 A1 and DE 102007027296 A1. DE 102010021563 A1 describes a windshield with an electrically adjustable sunshade that can be switched on in partial areas, wherein the dimming of individual elements can be controlled by arranging capacitive sensors in the edge area of ​​the sunshade.

[0008] The electrical contacting of the electrically controllable functional elements is usually achieved by bus conductors (also called "bus bars") which are applied to the flat electrodes in the edge region of the functional elements and are in conductive contact with them. By connecting the bus bars to an external voltage source (e.g. via flat conductors attached to the bus bars), a voltage is applied to the flat electrodes and the active layer of the functional element is switched.

[0009] US 8519362 B2 describes a HUD system installed in a car. It is based on a laminated glass sheet whose HUD function is derived from a layer made of luminescent material. US 7230767 B2 describes a display system in a car windshield, in which luminescent material is used to project an image to the driver. The image is a virtual image focused several meters away from the driver's eyes and the windshield.

[0010] WO 2020 / 143996 A1 discloses a device and method for displaying digital images on geometrically and photometrically non-trivial surfaces. In particular, the document discloses projecting an image onto a windshield comprising laminated glazing with a switchable liquid crystal layer.

[0011] In EP 2 883 693 a method for producing a HUD system integrated into a laminated glass pane is described.

[0012] WO 2017 / 157626 A1 discloses a windshield containing functional elements with electrically controllable optical properties.

[0013] In WO 2018 / 215106 A1, a laminated glass pane is disclosed, comprising a first glass layer and a second glass layer, wherein at least a first conductive structure and a second conductive structure are arranged between the first glass layer and the second glass layer, wherein the first conductive structure and the second conductive structure are arranged at a distance from each other, wherein the first conductive structure at least partially overlaps the second conductive structure in a perpendicular alignment relative to the first glass layer, wherein the first conductive structure is assigned to a first electrical element, wherein the first electrical element is a capacitive sensor.

[0014] WO 2022 / 152511 A1 describes a glazing having an operating device fastened to its outer side, wherein the operating device has at least one operating element arranged on an operating side, wherein the operating device is arranged on the outer side of a glass plate of the glazing, wherein the fastening side faces away from the operating side. The operating device comprises one or more electronic components and a power supply unit. The operating device also comprises a thermally deformable film having a decorative side and a lower side opposite to the decorative side. The decorative side constitutes the operating side of the operating device. A functional layer having at least one electronic component is printed on the lower side of the thermally deformable film. A main body is arranged on the lower side of the film and / or the functional layer, which is non-detachably connected to the film and / or the functional layer, for example, by a connection made by injection molding. The operating device is preferably an in-mold operating device, which is produced in a so-called in-mold electronics (IME) method. This IME production method has been widely used in industry and automotive electronics.

[0015] US2019 / 134954 A1 discloses a luminous signal glazing, as well as a carrier having such a glazing and the production of such a glazing.

[0016] US2019 / 291388 A1 discloses a vehicle-mounted glass with a light indicator.

[0017] WO 2018 / 122770 A1 discloses a laminated automotive glazing with a darkening area, which is made by printing the darkening area onto a film laminated between at least two plastic interlayers or directly onto the interlayer instead of printing and firing an enamel frit onto the glass.

[0018] WO 2022 / 268691 A1 discloses a laminated glass pane having a functional film with an opaque imprint, wherein the functional film can be, for example, a HUD film, a display film, an optical multilayer film, a film having a coating reflecting infrared radiation, or a functional film having electrically switchable optical properties.

[0019] The object of the present invention is to provide an improved laminated glazing having at least one electrical functional element, wherein the electrical functional element is integrated into the laminated glazing and, in addition to providing one or more functions, simultaneously enables an attractive, homogeneous and aesthetic appearance of the laminated glazing. The production of the laminated glazing having the integrated functional element should be easy and cost-effective, even in industrial mass production.

[0020] The object of the invention is achieved by a laminated glass pane and a method having the features of the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments are derived from the respective dependent claims.

[0021] According to the invention, a laminated glass pane, in particular for a carrier, comprises an outer glass pane with an outer side I and an inner side II and an inner glass pane with an outer side III and an inner side IV, which are bonded to one another via a thermoplastic intermediate layer, wherein at least one electrical functional element is integrated into the laminated glass pane, the electrical functional element

[0022] having at least one membrane with at least one functional surface, on which at least one functional layer with at least one electrical component is arranged, wherein at least one electrical module is formed on the functional surface, and / or

[0023] forming a decorative layer on the film,

[0024] and / or

[0025] is or contains at least one in-mold electronics (IME) component,

[0026] Therein the electrical module and / or the IME component is at least partially arranged in a recess or cutout prefabricated for this purpose or in a setback in the inner pane and / or the interlayer.

[0027] An integrated functional element is understood to mean at least one electrical functional element which is introduced into the laminated glazing and laminated in such a way that it is completely embedded between the outer glazing and the inner glazing, preferably between the inner glazing and the interlayer, or that it is formed and arranged at least essentially flush and flat with the inner side IV of the inner glazing.

[0028] According to the invention, a large number of functions can thus be provided integrated into a laminated glazing with an optimized installation space while maintaining an attractive aesthetic appearance of the laminated glazing. The electrical functional element according to the invention is advantageously connected to an electrical supply.

[0029] In its preferred use as a vehicle glass pane, the laminated glass pane is suitable for separating the interior of the vehicle from the external environment. The laminated glass pane can be used in a variety of ways. For example, it can be a roof panel, a windshield, a rear window, a side glass pane or another laminated glass pane defining the interior of the vehicle.

[0030] As is common for automotive glazing, the laminated glass pane is preferably curved in one or more spatial directions, with typical radii of curvature being between about 10 cm and about 40 m. However, the laminated glass pane can also be flat - for example if it is provided as glazing for buses, trains or tractors. The laminated glass pane is produced by lamination using, for example, the vacuum bag method, the vacuum ring method, the calendering method, the vacuum laminator, the autoclave method or a combination thereof. The outer and inner glass panes are usually joined under the action of heat, vacuum and / or pressure. The so-called autoclave method is carried out, for example, at an elevated pressure of about 10 to 15 bar and a temperature of 130° C. to 145° C. for about 2 hours.

[0031] In the sense of the present invention, the outer side refers to the main surface intended to face the external environment when installed. In the sense of the present invention, the inner side refers to the main surface intended to face the inside when installed. The outer side can also be called the outer side surface. The inner side can also be called the inner side surface.

[0032] In one design, the electrical functional element can be configured as a film having at least one functional surface (which has a functional layer with at least one electrical component) and a decorative layer. The film is preferably a polyester or polycarbonate film. The functional surface is understood to mean that a functional layer with an electronic device is applied to one surface side of the film and the electronic device contains at least one electronic component. The film is also referred to as a functional film hereinafter. The electrical component of the functional layer can, for example, be part of an operating element. For the purposes of the present invention, an operating element is understood to mean a user interface area with associated components, in particular a film surface, which performs a switching function by pressing (touching) or pressing and sliding motions. Such operating elements are well known.

[0033] In one embodiment, the electrical functional element can be designed, for example, with one or more operating elements and optionally with further components, for example an operating device with lighting means.

[0034] The functional layer may be applied to the functional surface of the film, for example using a printing method, or may be another film which is thermally bonded to the functional surface of the film or bonded by means of an adhesive layer. It is also possible to provide the functional layer on both sides of the functional film.

[0035] The decorative layer is understood to mean a decorative or functional decoration provided to at least a portion of the film on a functional surface or on a film surface opposite to the functional surface, such as providing a color, graphic, text, symbol or pattern. This can be carried out simultaneously with or subsequently to the production of the electrical component, such as printing. For example, graphics and conductor tracks can be screen-printed on a thin polyester or polycarbonate film with functional ink. It is also possible to apply the desired or required decorative elements to a carrier film by means of screen printing or digital printing and to bond this decorative film to the functional film before or during lamination to form a laminated glass sheet. Similar methods are known in the field of in-mold decoration of integrated electronic components, but, according to the present invention, the forming and back-molding of the film are replaced by a lamination process to produce a main body to form a laminated glass sheet. With regard to an embodiment of an electrical functional element as an integrated operating device, a visual and intuitively operable user interface, such as a touch button (touch switch) or a slider (slide switch), can be created and provided in this way simply and cost-effectively. It is therefore provided that the decorative layer is applied substantially to the side facing the observer and, if applicable, a potential operator (operating side) and is arranged in the laminated glass pane, for example, in the direction of the interior of the vehicle.

[0036] As an alternative or in addition to the decorative layer, an electrical module, in particular an electrical 3D component, is arranged on the functional surface. This is arranged at least partially in a prefabricated recess or cutout suitable for this purpose, or in an indentation of the inner glass pane and / or the intermediate layer.

[0037] In this context, a recess is understood to mean a cavity in the inner pane or in the interlayer, which is arranged and appropriately designed to accommodate the electrical module as flush as possible, in particular to compensate for the spatial height of the electrical module. On the one hand, this allows for secure storage and fixing, and the inner pane forms an inwardly facing surface, thereby protecting the electrical module and the entire electrical functional element from environmental influences. On the other hand, the recess at least partially compensates for the spatial height of the module and prevents the laminated glass pane, in particular the inner pane, from breaking during the lamination process.

[0038] The incision is understood to mean an opening through the inner glass plate and / or the interlayer, such as a through hole through the inner glass plate, which is provided before being used in the manufacturing process. The opening is used to accommodate the electrical module or IME as flush as possible. In one embodiment, the electrical module or IME component can then form a surface, such as an interface with the interior, especially with the user inside the vehicle. If necessary, the connecting element can also be led out and provided from the inner glass plate of the laminated glass plate. Alternatively, the electrical module may also not fill the incision to the inner side of the inner glass plate in the spatial height. The incision can then be optionally filled with transparent plastic after the lamination process to form a surface flush and flat with the inner side of the inner glass plate, and closed in an airtight manner. In this way, the electrical module can be protected from external influences. For example, the opening to the interior in the laminated glass plate can also be closed by subsequent and (if applicable) spatially and / or temporally limited lamination. The PVB film used for this purpose can have a thickness of, for example, 50 μm to 0.38 mm. Alternatively, the opening can be closed with transparent plastic.

[0039] The setback is defined as a lateral offset of the inner glass pane and / or the interlayer in sections or regions relative to the dimensions of the corresponding edge of the outer glass pane. Such a setback can be produced, for example, by cutting or in another conventional manner. Here, the dimensions are also conveniently adapted to the respective space requirements of the electrical module or IME assembly, so that a secure storage and fixing as well as a visually appealing appearance can be achieved during the lamination process.

[0040] Alternatively or additionally, the electrical functional element is or comprises an In-Mold Electronics (IME) component, wherein, as described above, this is at least partially arranged in a prefabricated recess or cutout suitable for this purpose, or in an indentation of the inner glass pane and / or the interlayer. The present invention describes for the first time the integration of an IME component into a laminated glazing. The IME component can advantageously be integrated into the laminated glazing in a common lamination process, i.e. it can be inserted and fastened. Advantageously, no further process step is required as a separate functional component inserted or fastened into the laminated glazing.

[0041] In principle, IME is a known technology that is now widely used in industrial and automotive electronics to manufacture electronic devices and components. With the advent of more ductile materials and more conductive inks that can withstand high temperature casting, it has become possible to abandon rigid circuit boards and apply conductive tracks directly to the plastic surface of electronic devices. It is thus possible to manufacture flexible film circuit boards and 3D structured electronic devices, for example with resistors, integrated circuits, sensors, antennas and LEDs, which can conform to the curved shapes of the housings of various devices, for example. The best adaptation to the embodiments of the laminated glass sheet according to the invention can be easily achieved when providing and integrating IME components, for example to adapt to the glass sheet curvatures common in the vehicle industry, as well as various design specifications and requirements. Such components of integrated electronic devices can be, for example, circuits, such as flexible printed circuit boards and wiring, lighting, operating elements, such as printed capacitive touch operating elements, and all kinds of sensors, such as ultrasonic radar, IR, inductive and capacitive sensors, such as ambient light, vibration, stress, proximity and acceleration sensors, antennas and integrated circuits. The attractive design and integrated universal functionality of the laminated glass sheet can be advantageously provided in a wide range of variations optimized according to the invention. By reducing the number of parts and moving components, the risk of failure is reduced, and the production and assembly costs and, if applicable, the downstream maintenance costs are also reduced. The integration of customized IME components and the electronics embedded therein can not only be configured to be aesthetically pleasing, but they are also functional and particularly reliable. According to the invention, a laminated glass panel can therefore be provided in which, for example, a compact operating device is integrated and which meets the demanding design specifications of the operating device in terms of layout, accessibility and functionality. In particular, a human-machine interface (HMI) (e.g. with gesture control, touch switch / touch control) can be integrated into the laminated glass panel together with ambient or reading lighting, a design for a shy-tech display. In a less preferred embodiment, the IME component can also be positioned in a cutout or lateral indentation of the laminated glass panel downstream of the lamination process and fastened, for example, using an acrylate adhesive.

[0042] An integrated IME component may, for example, contain touch control and a user interface. Capacitive touch control is already used in many known IME applications. This interface replaces pressing physical buttons with finger touches. Conductor tracks on a circuit board are located under the contact points and monitor changes in the electrostatic field. When a capacitive plate, such as the inside of an inner glass sheet, or the user interface of the integrated IME component itself in a laminated glass sheet, is touched, a small amount of charge is attracted to the contact point - our finger acts as a functional capacitor. In a vehicle, such an interface is used, for example, to switch on the headlights or the power supply or to adjust the volume.

[0043] In one embodiment, the electrical functional element is formed with conductor tracks, circuits, operating elements, sensors, antennas and / or integrated circuits, illuminants and / or is connected to conductor tracks, circuits, operating elements, sensors, antennas and / or integrated circuits, illuminants.

[0044] In another embodiment, a surface mounted electrical component (SMD) preferably selected from LEDs, OLEDs, diodes, integrated circuits, resistors, capacitors is arranged as an electrical module on the functional surface of the electrical functional element. Particularly preferably, the surface mounted electrical component (SMD) is selected from integrated circuits, resistors and capacitors.

[0045] In further embodiments, the electrical module is a system-in-package (SiP) chip or a system-on-chip (SoC). System-in-package (SiP) refers to a semiconductor circuit that combines various chips in a package to form a complete electronic system. Using such a SiP package, all functions that are usually performed by each chip are combined in a single chip. Since the chip is already suitable for most functions, SiP technology combines them in a single package. These can be analog and digital functions, such as those of comparators or amplifiers, logic circuits or storage units, input / output systems (I / O) and digital signal processing (DSP). In a system-in-package, all individual chips are stacked on top of each other to form a package. These three-dimensional chips (3DIC) bring significant space savings and lower costs. The advantage of SiP technology is its flexibility, in which active and passive components and analog and digital circuits can be combined to form a system. This combination is independent of technology and allows the use of CMOS technology, silicon germanium (SiGe), gallium arsenide (GaAs) and other compound semiconductors. On the other hand, a system-on-chip is a single chip containing all required electronic devices. With these designs, a large number of functions can be realized in a compact design and integrated into the laminated glass pane.

[0046] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the electrical module is a system-in-package (SiP) or a system-on-chip (SoC), wherein the chip is arranged in a recess, cutout or indentation of the inner glass pane and / or the intermediate layer.

[0047] In a preferred embodiment of the laminated glazing according to the invention, the electrical functional element is at least one in-mold electronics (IME) component. The electronics (IME) component is preferably arranged in a cutout prefabricated for this purpose or in an indentation of the inner glazing.

[0048] In a further embodiment of the laminated glass pane according to the invention, the electrical functional element is connected to the control unit and / or the onboard electronics, in particular the vehicle electronics, in particular via a connection, in particular a data connection. This can be a wired or cabled data connection or a wireless data connection. For example, the electrical functional element can be connected via a connecting cable, a busbar, in particular a CAN bus, a LIN bus, a MOST bus, a FlexRay or an automotive Ethernet.

[0049] In another embodiment, the laminated glass pane according to the invention may comprise at least one electrically switchable layer functionally connected to an electrical functional element. In particular, the electrical functional element may be suitably designed to control the electrically switchable layer. Therefore, a switchable laminated glass pane is provided, which comprises one or more electrically switchable layers having two functional states. This may be a layer that can be switched, for example, between a transparent and a translucent or opaque state, such as a liquid crystal layer, such as a PDLC or LC layer, or a layer with SPD (suspended particle device) or guest-host technology. It may also be an electrochromic layer or a light-emitting layer, such as an OLED layer. With the aid of guest-host technology, molecularly doped polymers are used in the field of optoelectronics. These guest-host systems consist of a polymer matrix in which low-molecular, functionally group-carrying compounds are dissolved. Since the actual function is taken over by the mixed-in guest molecules, the system can be easily adapted to the specific application without having to chemically modify the polymer itself. Such materials are already used, for example, in optical information technology and sensor technology as holographic storage systems, as nonlinear materials for frequency doubling and electro-optical modulation or as active layers in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs).

[0050] The electrically switchable layer with two functional states can be formed on the entire surface or on a part of the surface. Such a layer is conveniently connected in the laminated glass pane via busbar tracks (busbars). The electrically switchable layer can also contain or realize other functions, for example as a heating layer.

[0051] In a further embodiment of the laminated glazing according to the invention, provision is made for the electrical functional element to be functionally connected to at least one further electrically switchable component or module, in particular to an electrical circuit, an operating element, a sensor, an antenna, an imaging and image recording module, such as a camera, a display or a projector, and / or an acoustic module, or a lighting element.

[0052] The laminated glazing according to the invention may comprise one or more functional layers, in particular an infrared reflecting layer, an infrared absorbing layer, a low-E layer, an ultraviolet reflecting layer, an ultraviolet absorbing layer. Preferably, these infrared and ultraviolet reflecting or absorbing layers are arranged spatially behind the electrical functional elements when looking through the laminated glazing in the direction of sight from the inner pane to the outer pane. In this way, they can advantageously protect the electrical functional elements from the harmful effects of strong sunlight. The low-E coating is usually applied to the inner side of the inner pane. The above-mentioned functional layers also contribute to the climate comfort of the vehicle occupants, for example.

[0053] The thermoplastic interlayer is preferably transparent. The interlayer preferably contains at least one plastic, preferably polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) and / or polyethylene terephthalate (PET). However, the interlayer may also contain, for example, polyurethane (PU), polypropylene (PP), polyacrylate, polyethylene (PE), polycarbonate (PC), polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyacetate resin, casting resin, acrylate, fluorinated ethylene propylene, polyvinyl fluoride and / or ethylene tetrafluoroethylene, or a copolymer or mixture thereof. The interlayer may be formed by a film or even by a plurality of films arranged in a superimposed manner, wherein the thickness of the film is preferably 0.025mm to 1mm, typically 0.38mm, 0.76mm or 0.84mm. The interlayer may preferably be thermoplastic, and after lamination, the inner glass plate and the outer glass plate and any other interlayer may be combined with each other. In the sense of the present invention, lamination is therefore the combination of the inner glass plate, the interlayer and the outer glass plate, and the integration and fixing of the at least one electrical functional element.

[0054] In a further embodiment, the laminated glazing may have or comprise a functional interlayer (in particular with sound damping properties), a wedge-shaped interlayer (e.g. for laminated glazing with HUD functionality), an at least partially colored interlayer and / or an at least partially tinted interlayer.

[0055] The inner and outer panes contain glass, particularly preferably flat glass, float glass, quartz glass, borosilicate glass, soda-lime glass, or a transparent plastic material, preferably a hard transparent plastic material, in particular polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, polyamide, polyester, polyvinyl chloride and / or mixtures thereof. The laminated glass pane with the inner and outer panes is preferably transparent, in particular for the use of the glass pane as a windshield on a vehicle or for other uses in which a high light transmittance is required. In the sense of the present invention, "transparent" means a glass pane whose transmittance in the visible spectral range is greater than 70%. However, for glass panes which are not located in the traffic-related field of view of the driver, for example for roof panes, the transmittance can also be much lower, for example greater than 5%.

[0056] In an advantageous embodiment, the thickness of the inner glass pane is from 0.4 mm to 3.5 mm, preferably from 0.9 mm to 2.1 mm. In an advantageous embodiment, the thickness of the outer glass pane is at least 1.4 mm, preferably at least 1.6 mm. The thickness of the outer glass pane is preferably at most 4.5 mm, preferably at most 2.1 mm. Within this range, the laminated glass pane has advantageous mechanical stability and noise shielding properties, but is still thin and light enough to be used as a windshield. The outer glass pane, the inner glass pane and the thermoplastic interlayer can be transparent and colorless, but can also be tinted or colored. In a preferred embodiment, the total transmittance through the laminated glass pane is greater than 70%, in particular if the laminated glass pane is a windshield. The term "total transmittance" relates to the method for testing the light transmittance of motor vehicle glass panes defined by ECE-R 43, Appendix 3, §9.1.

[0057] The outer glass pane can preferably have a black printing on the inner side in the area close to the glass edge, for example to hide connecting cables, adhesive beads for fixing the glass pane or one or more electrical functional elements arranged therein from the outside and to provide UV protection.

[0058] Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for producing a laminated glass panel with an integrated electrical functional element as described above in various embodiments, comprising the following steps:

[0059] A) providing at least one electrical functional element, wherein the functional element comprises at least one film, in particular a PE / PC film, with at least one functional surface, on which at least one functional layer with at least one electrical component is arranged, wherein at least one electrical module is formed on the functional surface, and / or a decorative layer is formed on the film, and / or the electrical functional element is or comprises at least one IME component,

[0060] B) providing a stacking sequence comprising an outer glass pane, an inner glass pane, at least one thermoplastic film arranged between them to form a thermoplastic intermediate layer, and the at least one electrical functional element,

[0061] wherein the at least one electrical functional element is arranged in the stacking sequence such that the electrical module or the IME assembly is at least partially arranged in a recess or cutout prefabricated for this purpose or in an indentation of the inner pane and / or the interlayer,

[0062] C) Laminating the stacking sequence to form a laminated glass panel.

[0063] In a further embodiment of the method, the electrical functional element is formed with a system-in-package (SiP) chip and / or a system-on-chip (SoC), or is connected to a system-in-package (SiP) chip and / or a system-on-chip (SoC), and wherein such a chip is arranged in a recess, cutout or indentation of the inner glass pane and / or the intermediate layer.

[0064] In a further embodiment of the method, it is provided that at least one electrically switchable layer, in particular a switchable liquid crystal layer, is formed.

[0065] In a further development according to the invention, it is proposed to form one or more functional layers, in particular infrared reflecting layers, infrared absorbing layers, ultraviolet reflecting layers and ultraviolet absorbing layers. Preferably, when looking through the laminated glass pane in the direction of sight from the inner glass pane to the outer glass pane, these infrared and ultraviolet reflecting or absorbing layers can be arranged spatially behind the electrical functional elements; for example, they can be formed and arranged on the inner side of the outer glass pane or in the middle layer, while the electrical functional elements are arranged, for example, between the middle layer and the inner glass pane. In this way, these functional layers can advantageously protect the electrical functional elements from the harmful effects of strong sunlight. Such functional layers are known and described in many ways and can be produced in a known manner, for example by physical or chemical vapor deposition methods (PVD and CVD) or cathode ray methods (sputtering).

[0066] Furthermore, in one embodiment of the method, functional intermediate layers, in particular intermediate layers having acoustic damping properties, or at least partially colored intermediate layers and / or at least partially tinted intermediate layers, or even wedge-shaped films can be used to form the intermediate layer.

[0067] According to a further embodiment of the method for producing a laminated glass pane according to the invention, the electrical functional element is connected to the control unit and / or the on-board electronics via connecting lines, busbars, in particular a CAN bus, a LIN bus, a MOST bus, a FlexRay or an automotive Ethernet. Additionally or alternatively, the electrical functional element can be functionally connected to other electrical functional elements, electrically switchable layers or components, such as circuits, sensors, antennas, cameras, displays, projectors. If applicable, these can be arranged on the inside or outside of the laminated glass pane.

[0068] The invention also relates to the use of a laminated glazing as described above in various designs and embodiments in a land, air or water vehicle, in particular in a motor vehicle, in particular as a roof pane, windscreen or side pane. Alternatively, the laminated glazing may also be a building glazing.

[0069] The various embodiments of the invention can be implemented individually or in any combination. In particular, the features mentioned above and explained below can be used not only in the combination indicated but also in other combinations or alone without departing from the scope of the invention, unless embodiments or combinations of individual features are merely described as being alternative or mutually exclusive. Features of laminated glass panels and production methods are also included herewith.

[0070] The invention is explained in more detail below with the aid of drawings and examples of embodiments. The drawings are only schematic representations and are not drawn to scale. The drawings and exemplary embodiments do not limit the invention in any way.

[0071] Figure 1 is a cross section through the laminated glass pane in the region of the electrical functional element in the form of a film;

[0072] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view through a laminated glass pane in the region of an electrical functional element in a second embodiment;

[0073] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view through a laminated glass pane in the region of an electrical functional element in a third embodiment;

[0074] Figure 4a -c is an embodiment of a laminated carrier top plate,

[0075] Figure 5 is a schematic plan view of an electrical functional element configured as an operating device,

[0076] Figure 6 is a schematic plan view of a laminated glass pane according to the invention.

[0077] Figure 1 A cross section through a laminated glass panel 1 is shown in a region containing an electrical functional element 10 in the form of a film. The laminated glass panel 1 contains an outer glass panel 2 having an outer side I and an inner side II and an inner glass panel 3 having an outer side III and an inner side IV, which are bonded to each other via a thermoplastic interlayer 4. In this design, the electrical functional element 10 is configured as a film, i.e., as a functional film, which is embedded between the interlayer 4 and the outer side III of the inner glass panel 3. In one embodiment, the film has at least one functional surface (which has a functional layer with at least one electrical component), and a decorative layer (not shown separately) is formed on the film. The electrical component is part of the functional layer. The functional film is preferably a polyester or polycarbonate film. For example, on the functional surface and / or on the film surface opposite to the functional surface, a decorative or functional pattern can be provided for the entire surface or a partial area of ​​the film, for example, a color, a graphic, a text, a symbol or a pattern. The decorative layer can be applied before, at the same time or after making, for example, printing the electrical component. In this way, for example, graphics and conductor tracks can be screen-printed on a thin polyester or polycarbonate film with known functional inks. It is also possible to apply desired or required decorative elements to a carrier film by means of screen printing or digital printing and to bond this decorative film over its entire surface to the functional film before or during lamination to form the laminated glass pane 1. In other words, the functional film and the decorative film can be used in a stacking sequence for lamination as a film composite or as separate functional films and decorative films arranged flat on top of each other. Similar methods are known in the field of in-mold decoration of integrated electronic (IME) components, although according to the invention, the shaping and back-molding of the film are replaced by a lamination process. Therefore, the sub-steps of these known methods can advantageously be combined with each other or used to complement each other. As Figure 5 , the electrical functional element 10 can be produced and arranged, for example, as an integrated operating device in the shape of a film, which has a decorative, visually attractive and intuitively operable user interface (decorative layer), for example with a touch button (touch switch) or a slider (slide switch). The decorative layer is therefore intentionally applied to the functional film of the electrical functional element 10 on the side facing the observer and, optionally, the potential operator (operating side) and is arranged, for example, in the direction of the vehicle interior in the laminated glass pane 1. The electrical functional element 10 is connected to the control unit 6 or the on-board electronics via a connecting cable 5, for example via a busbar.

[0078] Figure 2 A cross section through a laminated glass pane 1 is shown in the region of an electrical functional element 10 in another embodiment, wherein Figure 1In the change of the embodiment shown in , the electrical module 7 is arranged as a 3D component and functionally connected to the functional film on the functional surface. Such a module 7 can be, for example, a SiP chip, which is arranged in a cutout, such as a hole, in the inner glass plate 3. Here, various chips are combined in a package to form a complete electronic system (SiP). This further contributes to the advantageous reduction of components when multiple functions are integrated into the laminated glass plate. In addition, in this embodiment, in the line of sight from the inner glass plate 3 to the outer glass plate 2, two functional layers 8a, 8b are spatially arranged behind the electrical functional element 10. These functional layers 8a, 8b can be, for example, infrared radiation shielding layers or ultraviolet protection layers, which protect the electrical functional element 10 from the harmful effects of sunlight, and can also advantageously improve, for example, the climate comfort of the vehicle occupants. In addition, in the embodiment shown, another functional layer 9 is arranged on the inner side IV of the inner glass plate 3, for example, a low-emissivity layer as a heat protection layer.

[0079] Figure 3 A cross section through a laminated glazing 1 with an electrical functional element 10 integrated in the indentation of the inner glazing 3 is shown. In particular, the functional element 10 can be an in-mold electronics (IME) component (7b). This can adapt the laminated glazing and the indentation of the inner glazing in its geometric form (e.g. its curvature) and shape so that it is flush with the inner side IV of the inner glazing 3, thereby creating a flat surface that is attractive to the observer. For example, the functional element 10 can be an operating device. Advantageously, the IME component can be provided at such a low height and, due to the robust, temperature-stable design, can be easily integrated into the laminated glazing 1 during the lamination process. Not only in this embodiment, the positioning of the electrical functional element 10 can be selected very flexibly, so that, for example, good accessibility and operability can be advantageously ensured depending on the functions provided. In addition to the elements of the operating device, the IME component 7b can also include one or more other electrical modules, such as lighting elements, such as reading lights, or sensors or other functional elements.

[0080] Figure 4a -c shows an embodiment of a laminated glazing 1 according to the invention as a carrier top glazing 100 in a plan view of the outer glazing 2. Figure 4a In the embodiment, the integrated electrical functional element 10, for example, an IME component configured as an operating device, is arranged between the driver and the front passenger. Figure 4b In the embodiment, for example, the first operating device 10a is arranged between the driver and the front passenger. The second operating device 10b and the third operating device 10c are arranged in the outer area of ​​the rear seat. Such an arrangement 10b and 10c is particularly suitable for operating devices with integrated reading lights. Figure 4cIn the embodiment of the invention, the first operating device 10a is arranged in a more central position of the roof panel 100 towards the passenger row (rear seats), between the driver and the front passenger. In this way, accessibility is provided for all vehicle passengers, if applicable. The second operating device 10b and the third operating device 10c are arranged in the outer area of ​​the rear seats. Such devices 10b and 10c are particularly suitable for operating devices with integrated reading lights. The operating devices can be arranged both in the edge area of ​​the laminated glass pane 1 and in the central area of ​​the laminated glass pane 1. This enables optimal positioning for operation by one user.

[0081] Figure 5 A schematic plan view of an electrical functional element 10 configured as an operating device 10a is shown. The electronic components of the functional layer are then, for example, part of an operating element. For the purposes of the present invention, an operating element is understood to mean an area of ​​a user interface which is configured such that a switching function is performed by pressing (touch button 11a) or by pressing and sliding movement (sliding switch / slider 11b). Such operating elements and their possible designs and functions are known per se.

[0082] exist Figure 6 In the figure, a laminated glass pane 1 according to the invention is shown in a plan view in an embodiment as a windshield 200, for example as a panoramic windshield. The integrated electrical functional element 10 is arranged centrally between the driver and the front passenger when installed in the upper part of the windshield 200, in the edge area on the roof side, and can be configured, for example, as an operating device. Advantageously, the electrical functional element 10 can be configured in a wide range of variations in terms of space and geometric dimensions as well as in terms of function and decoration. In this way, it can be flexibly adapted to various functional needs, as well as to aesthetic requirements, needs and preferences. By means of a covering imprint 12, preferably applied to the inner side II of the outer glass pane 2, for example a black covering imprint 12 on the edge, the functional element 10 can be hidden from the outside, covered and protected from UV light.

[0083] According to the invention, a compact method for mass production of laminated glass panes with integrated functional elements in a high-quality, visually appealing design is provided. According to the invention, for example, high-quality control glass panes, attractively designed control switches and monitoring elements with an extended range of functions can be integrated into laminated glass panes with great design freedom.

[0084] List of reference numerals:

[0085] 1 Laminated glass panel

[0086] 2 outer glass panels

[0087] 3 inner glass panels

[0088] 4 Middle Layer

[0089] 5. Connecting elements (busbars, busbars)

[0090] 6Control Unit / Vehicle Electronics

[0091] 7Electrical modules, especially electrical 3D components

[0092] 7a System-in-Package (SiP)

[0093] 7b IME component

[0094] 8, 8a, 8b functional layer (IRR / UV protection)

[0095] 9Additional functional layer, low emissivity layer

[0096] 10Electrical functional components

[0097] 10a, 10b, 10c electrical functional elements (operating devices)

[0098] 11a Touch button

[0099] 11b Slider

[0100] 12 Covering Mark

[0101] 100 Top plate (laminated glass plate 1)

[0102] 200 windshield (laminated glass sheet 1)

[0103] Outside of the outer glass panel

[0104] IIInside of the outer glass panel

[0105] III. The outside of the inner glass panel

[0106] IV Inside the inner glass panel

Claims

1. A laminated glass pane (1), in particular for a carrier, comprising an outer glass pane (2) having an outer side (I) and an inner side (II) and an inner glass pane (3) having an outer side (III) and an inner side (IV), which are bonded to one another via a thermoplastic intermediate layer (4), At least one electrical functional element (10) is integrated into the laminated glass pane (1), the electrical functional element having at least one film with at least one functional surface, on which at least one functional layer with at least one electrical component is arranged, wherein at least one electrical module (7) is formed on the functional surface, and / or a decorative layer is formed on the film, and / or is or comprises at least one in-mold electronics (IME) component (7b), The electrical module (7) or the IME component (7b) is arranged at least partially in a recess or cutout prefabricated for this purpose or in a setback of the inner glass pane (3) and / or the interlayer (4).

2. The laminated glass panel (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that The electrical functional element (10) is formed with a conductor track, a circuit, an operating element, a sensor, an antenna and / or an integrated circuit and / or is connected to a conductor track, a circuit, an operating element, a sensor, an antenna and / or an integrated circuit.

3. The laminated glass panel (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The electrical module (7) is a surface mounted electrical component (SMD) selected from integrated circuits, resistors, and capacitors.

4. The laminated glass panel (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that The electrical module (7) is a system-in-package (SiP) (7a) or a system-on-chip (SoC), wherein the chip is arranged in a recess, cutout or indentation of the inner glass pane (3) and / or the intermediate layer (4).

5. The laminated glass panel (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The electrical functional element (10) is at least one in-mold electronics (IME) component (7b).

6. The laminated glass panel (1) according to claim 5, characterized in that The in-mold electronics (IME) component is arranged in a cutout or indentation of the inner glass pane (3) prefabricated for this purpose.

7. The laminated glass panel (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that The electrical functional element (10) is connected to a control unit (6) and / or on-board electronics, in particular vehicle electronics, via a connection (5), in particular a data connection.

8. The laminated glass panel (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that It contains at least one electrically switchable layer, in particular a PDLC layer, an LC layer, an electrochromic layer, a luminescent layer or a layer with SPD or guest host technology, which is functionally connected to an electrically functional element (10).

9. The laminated glass panel (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that The electrical functional element (10) is functionally connected to at least one electrically switchable component or module, in particular to an electrical circuit, an operating element, a sensor, an antenna, an imaging and image recording or acoustic module, or a lighting element.

10. The laminated glass panel (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that It comprises one or more functional layers (8), in particular an infrared reflecting layer (8a), an infrared absorbing layer, a low-emissivity layer (9), an infrared absorbing layer (8b) and / or an ultraviolet absorbing layer, and / or the intermediate layer (4) is or comprises a functional intermediate layer, in particular a functional intermediate layer having sound damping properties, a wedge-shaped intermediate layer, an at least partially colored intermediate layer and / or an at least partially tinted intermediate layer.

11. A method for producing a laminated glass panel (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, comprising the steps of: A) providing at least one electrical functional element (10), wherein the functional element (10) has at least one film, in particular a PE / PC film, with at least one functional surface, on which at least one functional layer with at least one electrical component is arranged, wherein at least one electrical module (7) is formed on the functional surface, and / or a decorative layer is formed on the film, and / or the electrical functional element (10) is or includes at least one IME component (7b), B) providing a stacking sequence comprising an outer glass pane (2), an inner glass pane (3), at least one thermoplastic film arranged between them to form a thermoplastic intermediate layer (4), and the at least one electrical functional element (10), wherein the at least one electrical functional element (10) is arranged in the stacking sequence such that the electrical module (7) or the IME component (7b) is at least partially arranged in a recess or cutout prefabricated for this purpose or in an indentation of the inner glass pane (3) and / or the intermediate layer (4), C) Laminating the stacking sequence to form a laminated glass panel (1).

12. Method for producing a laminated glass pane (1) according to claim 11, wherein the electrical functional element (10) is formed with a system-in-package (SiP) chip (7a) or a system-on-chip (SoC) or is connected to a system-in-package (SiP) chip (7a) or a system-on-chip (SoC), and wherein such a chip is arranged in a recess, cutout or indentation of the inner glass pane (3) and / or the intermediate layer (4).

13. Method for producing a laminated glass panel (1) according to any one of claims 11 or 12, characterised in that At least one electrically switchable layer, in particular a switchable liquid crystal layer, and / or one or more functional layers (8, 8a, 8b), in particular an infrared reflecting layer (8a), an infrared absorbing layer, an ultraviolet reflecting layer, an ultraviolet absorbing layer and / or a low-emissivity layer, a functional intermediate layer (4) with acoustic damping properties, or an at least partially colored intermediate layer and / or an at least partially tinted intermediate layer are formed.

14. Method for producing a laminated glass pane (1) according to any of claims 11 to 13, wherein the electrical functional element (10) is connected to one or more further electrical functional elements, electrically switchable layers, control units (6) and / or on-board electronics via connections (5), bus conductors, in particular a CAN bus, a LIN bus, a MOST bus, a FlexRay or an automotive Ethernet.

15. Use of a laminated glass panel (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 10 in a land, air or water vehicle, in particular in a motor vehicle, in particular as a roof pane (100), a windshield (200) or a side pane.

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