Method for imitating wild planting of corydalis saxicola bunting in karst rock seam

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of corydalis saxicola bunting cultivation, in particular to a method for imitating wild planting of corydalis saxicola bunting in karst rock seams, which comprises the following steps: (1) sowing and seedling raising: adding a water-retaining seedling raising substrate into a non-woven fabric seedling raising bag, and then sowing the treated corydalis saxicola bunting seeds in a hill-seeding manner; thoroughly spraying water once after sowing, and then keeping the substrate wet; the sunshade rate is kept at 60-70%; (2) transplanting and planting: planting the seedlings in karst rock seams with the condition of 60-80% of sunshade rate in a non-bag-removing manner, and covering the bottoms and the peripheries of the bag seedlings with a proper amount of water-retaining bonding nutrient soil during planting; (3) spraying water: spraying root fixing water after planting, and keeping the soil humidity at 50-65%; (4) fertilization: filling a non-woven fabric bag with a slow-release fertilizer to prepare a slow-release fertilizer bag, and directly placing the slow-release fertilizer bag at an uphill position beside the plant during fertilization, so that the fertilizer is slowly released in a raining or water spraying process. The technology provided by the invention can be used for original habitat regression conservation of corydalis saxicola bunting and industrial utilization of traditional Chinese medicinal materials.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of Coptis chinensis cultivation, and in particular to a method for planting Coptis chinensis in karst stone crevices in a simulated wild manner. Background Art

[0002] Corydalis xicola belongs to the Corydalis group of the Papaveraceae family. It is a karst-specific plant in China. Its natural distribution is limited to the southwestern karst area, and it is mainly produced in Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan and other places. Corydalis xicola often grows on limestone cliffs or cracks in rocks, and a few grow in the humus soil under the rocks, with obvious rock-specific characteristics. Corydalis xicola is a perennial herb and a traditional Zhuang medicine in Guangxi. The whole plant is used as medicine. Its secondary metabolites are mainly alkaloids. It has multiple medicinal functions and has advantages in treating inflammation, pain, tumors, etc. It has been developed into an injection for clinical treatment, with significant medicinal effects.

[0003] Since the germination of Coptis chinensis seeds and the growth of seedlings have high requirements for environmental conditions such as soil, temperature, humidity, and light, the germination rate of seeds is low and the survival of seedlings is difficult under natural conditions, which seriously hinders the natural propagation and population renewal of its wild plants. In addition, due to human excavation and changes in environmental conditions, its wild resources are on the verge of depletion. Coptis chinensis was listed as a national second-level protected plant in 2021. In order to solve the problems of returning germplasm resources for conservation and industrial utilization, it is urgent to carry out research on seedling breeding and simulated wild planting of Coptis chinensis.

[0004] The applicant has been committed to the research on seedling breeding and artificial planting technology of Coptis chinensis for many years. Among them, in order to solve the problem of seed seedling cultivation of Coptis chinensis, the applicant has developed a seed treatment method for improving the germination potential and germination rate of Coptis chinensis and applied for an invention patent. The patent application number is CN202210116104.3, and the authorization (announcement) number is CN114402738B. Relying on this patented technology, technical personnel in this field can optimize the seedling matrix, adjust the seedling time and improve the seedling method, and use non-woven seedling bags to cultivate strong seedlings. The qualified bag seedlings (seedling height of more than 10 cm, rhizome thickness of more than 0.3 cm) can reach a nursery rate of about 90% 2-3 months after sowing, and the seedling cost is as low as about 0.3 yuan / bag, and large-scale seedlings can be emerged uninterruptedly throughout the year.

[0005] In terms of artificial cultivation of Coptis chinensis, predecessors have conducted a lot of research and have achieved some scientific research results, such as:

[0006] The invention patent with the publication number CN104303973A discloses a method for simulating wild cultivation of Coptis chinensis: a cultivation hole with a diameter of 5-10 cm and a depth of 10-15 cm is made on the rock wall, a matrix is ​​filled into the cultivation hole, and then the plant is planted by sowing. This method has the disadvantages of difficulty in drilling holes in the rock wall, difficulty in seed germination and seedling growth, and a long production cycle.

[0007] The invention patent with the publication number CN108293652A discloses a method for simulating wild cultivation of Coptis chinensis in a cave: selecting a cave with a wide mouth, preparing the land and fertilizing it, and then sowing and planting it in the open field. This method has the disadvantages of a small area suitable for planting, slow seedling growth and a long production cycle.

[0008] The invention patent with publication number CN106171402A discloses a standardized planting method for Coptis chinensis: the method of raising seedlings in a seedbed, cultivating in a temporary planting and planting bare-root seedlings in the open field is used for planting. This method has the disadvantages of low planting survival rate and long production cycle, and does not belong to the field of native habitat simulated wild planting.

[0009] In addition, "Qian Yuehua. Cultivation technology of rare medicinal plant Coptis chinensis [J]. Anhui Forestry Science and Technology, 2019, 45(2): 28-30.", "Wei Zhongfu, Wang Dongmei, Yang Depo, et al. Artificial cultivation technology of endangered wild medicinal material Coptis chinensis [J]. Lishizhen Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2006, 17(12): 2404-2405." and "Jiang Shuiyuan, Wei Xiao, Li Hong, et al. Standard operating procedures (SOP) for standardized planting of Coptis chinensis [J]. Guangxi Plants, 2006, 26(6): 675-680." and other documents have reported the cultivation technology of Coptis chinensis, but their seedling raising methods are all sowing in the seedbed first and then transplanting into nutrient bags. Due to the addition of the seedling transplanting link, the seedling raising cost is increased, and the planting method is all field planting, which does not belong to the field of simulated wild planting.

[0010] The karst region in southwest my country has a large area of ​​karst habitat suitable for the growth of Coptis chinensis, but planting Coptis chinensis in karst cracks faces problems such as drought, soil erosion and difficulty in fertilization. So far, there has been no successful case of carrying out the restoration and industrial planting of Coptis chinensis in karst cracks, nor has there been any technical report on water conservation and soil erosion prevention in karst habitats. Summary of the invention

[0011] The invention aims to provide a method for planting Coptis chinensis in karst crevices in a simulated wild manner, aiming at the problems that the wild resources of Coptis chinensis are on the verge of exhaustion, the medicinal resources are seriously insufficient, and the vast karst stone crevices have not been fully utilized. By adopting the method of the present invention, the planting survival rate of Coptis chinensis can reach more than 80%; the drought-resistant days of the seedlings after being drenched with water can reach about 30 days, and it plays a role in consolidating the soil, preventing soil erosion and fertilizer leaching; it can also shorten the production cycle and achieve early and high yields. The fresh weight of a single Coptis chinensis planted for half a year is about 100g, and the fresh weight of a single Coptis chinensis planted for one year is more than 350g, and the content of medicinal active ingredients (total alkaloids) is about 2.5%; the present invention can be used for the conservation of the native habitat of Coptis chinensis and the industrial utilization of Chinese medicinal materials, providing a new way for the spatial utilization of land resources in karst areas, and providing technical support for the conservation and industrial utilization of the rare and endangered medicinal plant Coptis chinensis.

[0012] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0013] A method for planting Coptis chinensis in karst rock crevices in a simulated wild manner comprises the following steps:

[0014] (1) Seeding and seedling raising: Add a water-retaining seedling raising matrix into a non-woven seedling raising bag, and then sow the treated Coptis chinensis seeds into the non-woven seedling raising bag by spot sowing; water thoroughly once after sowing, and then keep the matrix moist; the shading rate is maintained at 60-70%;

[0015] (2) Transplanting: Choose a cloudy or light rainy day for planting, and plant the Coptis chinensis seedlings together with the non-woven seedling bags in the karst rock cracks with a 60-80% shading rate without removing the bags. When planting, cover the bottom and surrounding of the bagged seedlings with an appropriate amount of water-retaining adhesive nutrient soil;

[0016] (3) Watering: Water the roots after planting and then keep the soil moisture at 50-65%;

[0017] (4) Fertilization: Put the slow-release fertilizer into a non-woven bag to make a slow-release fertilizer bag. Two months after planting, use the slow-release fertilizer bag for fertilization. When fertilizing, place the slow-release fertilizer bag directly on the uphill position next to the plant so that the fertilizer can be slowly released during rain or watering.

[0018] Preferably, the specification of the non-woven seedling bag is 9*9cm.

[0019] Preferably, the water-retaining seedling-growing matrix is ​​made of water-retaining agent, lime, fire ash, wood chaff, perlite, river sand, organic fertilizer, and soil in a volume ratio of 1:1.4:5.6:10:12:12:23:35.

[0020] Preferably, the method for processing Coptis chinensis seeds is: mix the Coptis chinensis seeds with clean river sand and water in a volume ratio of 1:10:3, put them in a non-woven bag, and place them in a 4°C refrigerator for 60 days, keeping the seeds moist during this period.

[0021] Preferably, the specific operation of sowing in step (1) is: before sowing, dry river sand, wood chaff and fire ash are mixed in a volume ratio of 1:1:1 and sieved to obtain a mixed seed matrix; the treated Coptis chinensis seeds and the mixed seed matrix are evenly mixed in a ratio of 4-5 Coptis chinensis seeds per 5 ml of the mixed seed matrix to obtain a sowing matrix; the sowing matrix is ​​sown into a non-woven seedling bag filled with a water-retaining seedling matrix by spot sowing, 5 ml of the sowing matrix is ​​sown in each non-woven seedling bag, and then a 5 mm thick layer of wood chaff is sprinkled on the surface to cover it.

[0022] Preferably, the fire ash in the seedling medium or the mixed seed medium can be replaced with fire soil.

[0023] Preferably, the water-retaining and binding nutrient soil in step (2) is made of compound fertilizer, adhesive, water-retaining agent, lime, organic fertilizer and soil in a volume ratio of 0.5:0.6:1:1.4:30:66.5.

[0024] Preferably, the amount of the water-retaining adhesive nutrient soil used is 0.5-0.8 L / plant.

[0025] Preferably, the non-woven bag used to make the slow-release fertilizer bag is a 10*12 cm non-woven seedling bag.

[0026] Preferably, the slow-release fertilizer is made of compound fertilizer and organic fertilizer in a volume ratio of 1:5.

[0027] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0028] 1. The present invention aims to solve the difficult problems in the planting field such as the lack of soil and steep slopes in karst areas, soil erosion and fertilizer leaching, etc., and adopts professional materials such as water-retaining agent, adhesive and lime, and adopts technical methods such as planting bag seedlings without removing the bags, covering with water-retaining and adhesive nutrient soil and fertilizing with slow-release fertilizer bags, and proposes the best planting environment conditions. The application of professional materials and targeted technical methods can greatly improve the survival rate of Coptis chinensis planting, shorten the production cycle, increase the yield and quality of medicinal materials, and effectively reduce the occurrence of soil erosion and fertilizer leaching in karst areas. The technology of the present invention can be applied to the fields of ecological restoration in karst rocky desertification areas, the return and conservation of the endangered plant Coptis chinensis, and the industrial development and utilization of Chinese medicinal materials, providing a new way for the spatial utilization of land resources in karst areas, and providing technical support for the return and conservation of the rare and endangered medicinal plant Coptis chinensis to its native habitat and industrial utilization.

[0029] 2. It can be seen from the experimental results that the survival rate of the bagged seedlings planted by the method of the present invention without removing the bag is increased from 58.51% to 89.84% compared with the bare-root seedlings; the drought-resistant days of the water-retaining seedling-raising substrate bag seedlings of the present invention are increased from 5 days to 10 days when placed directly without watering compared with the conventional substrate bag seedlings; when planting, the water-retaining adhesive nutrient soil of the present invention is covered and the drought-resistant days of the seedlings after being thoroughly watered are increased from 5-10 days without soil covering and 10-25 days with conventional soil covering to 30-35 days, indicating that the water-retaining seedling-raising substrate bag seedlings of the present invention are directly placed without watering, and the drought-resistant days of the seedlings are increased from 5-10 days without soil covering and 10-25 days with conventional soil covering to 30-35 days. The water-bound nutrient soil can not only maintain soil moisture for a long time, but also play a role in consolidating soil and preventing soil erosion; in addition, the method of fertilizing using the slow-release fertilizer bag described in the present invention can reduce fertilizer leaching, improve fertilizer utilization, and thus increase the yield of Coptis chinensis; compared with direct sowing and planting, the production cycle can be shortened, and early and high yields can be achieved. The fresh weight of a single Coptis chinensis plant planted for half a year is about 100g, and the fresh weight of a single Coptis chinensis plant planted for one year is more than 350g, and the content of effective ingredients (total alkaloids) of the medicinal materials is about 2.5%.

[0030] 3. The raw materials such as seedling bags, water retaining agents, adhesives, lime, fertilizers, etc. used in the present invention are available on the market at low prices, which helps to reduce costs and achieve industrial utilization. The patented technology of the present invention can be used for the conservation of the native habitat of Coptis chinensis and the development and utilization of medicinal resources. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 The following are the pictures of the breeding of Coptis chinensis seedlings and the growth of simulated wild planting. A is the greenhouse seedlings; B is the strong Coptis chinensis seedlings cultivated in non-woven seedling bags; CE is the growth of Coptis chinensis simulated wild planting.

[0032] Figure 2 The figure is a comparison of the survival rates of bagged seedlings and bare-root seedlings in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 3 This is the effect of covering with soil and covering with water-retaining bonding nutrient soil on the humidity of the substrate in the seedling bag in Example 2 of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 4 The following are the pictures of the comparative experiment on drought tolerance of Coptis chinensis seedlings. A shows the seedlings in conventional substrate bags soaked with water and placed for 7 days. B shows the seedlings in water-retaining substrate bags soaked with water and placed for 7 days. C shows the seedlings in conventional substrate bags covered with soil and soaked with water 20 days later. D shows the seedlings in conventional substrate bags covered with water-retaining adhesive nutrient soil and soaked with water 20 days later.

[0035] Figure 5 The effect of applying the homemade slow-release fertilizer on the plant growth in Example 4 of the present invention is shown.

[0036] Figure 6 This is the effect of different shading rates on seedling growth in Example 5 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The present invention provides a method for planting Coptis chinensis in karst rock cracks in a simulated wild manner, comprising the following steps:

[0038] (1) Seeding and seedling raising: adding a water-retaining seedling raising matrix into a non-woven seedling raising bag, and then sowing the treated Coptis chinensis seeds into the non-woven seedling raising bag by spot sowing; wherein the specification of the non-woven seedling raising bag is 9*9 cm;

[0039] The water-retaining seedling matrix is ​​made of a water-retaining agent, lime, fire ash, wood husk, perlite, river sand, organic fertilizer, and soil in a volume ratio of 1:1.4:5.6:10:12:12:23:35; the fire ash in the seedling matrix can be replaced with fire soil;

[0040] The processing method of Coptis chinensis seeds is as follows: harvest Coptis chinensis seeds when they are mature, put them into a plastic sealable bag after drying, and store them in a 4°C refrigerator for later use; before sowing, mix Coptis chinensis seeds with clean river sand and water in a volume ratio of 1:10:3, put them in a non-woven bag, and place them in a 4°C refrigerator for 60 days, keeping the seeds moist during this period;

[0041] The specific operation of sowing is as follows: before sowing, dry river sand, wood husks and fire ash are mixed and sieved in a volume ratio of 1:1:1 to obtain a mixed seed matrix, and the fire ash can be replaced with fire soil; the treated Coptis chinensis seeds and the mixed seed matrix are evenly mixed in a ratio of 4-5 Coptis chinensis seeds per 5 ml of the mixed seed matrix to obtain a sowing matrix; the sowing matrix is ​​sown in a spot sowing method, and the sowing matrix is ​​sown into a non-woven seedling bag filled with a water-retaining seedling matrix, preferably sown in the central position, 5 ml of the sowing matrix is ​​sown in each non-woven seedling bag, and then a 5 mm thick layer of wood husk is sprinkled on the surface to cover;

[0042] After sowing, water thoroughly once and keep the substrate moist afterwards; germination generally begins about 10 days after sowing and is completed in about 1 month; proper light and drought conditions can promote the growth of the root system of Coptis chinensis. In order to cultivate strong Coptis chinensis seedlings, it is necessary to control light and water, and maintain the shading rate at 60-70%; when germination is completed, the amount of watering can be reduced to harden the seedlings; if the seedlings grow too vigorously, spray dwarfing hormone to control their nutritional growth.

[0043] (2) Transplanting: 2-3 months after sowing, when the seedling height reaches 10cm and the rhizome thickness reaches 3mm, it can be transplanted and planted. In terms of the choice of planting season, since the high temperature in summer is not conducive to the growth of Coptis chinensis, it is not suitable to plant in August and September; in addition, Coptis chinensis seedlings are relatively fragile and have a long recovery period after planting. If they are exposed to rain within 1 month after planting, the survival rate will be greatly reduced. Therefore, try to avoid the rainy season during planting. Except for heavy rain and high temperature seasons, it can be planted at other times;

[0044] Usually choose to plant on cloudy or light rainy days, and plant the Coptis chinensis seedlings together with the non-woven seedling bags in the karst rock cracks with a 60-80% shading rate. When planting, cover the bottom and surrounding of the bag seedlings with an appropriate amount of water-retaining and adhesive nutrient soil;

[0045] The water-retaining and bonding nutrient soil is made of compound fertilizer, adhesive, water-retaining agent, lime, organic fertilizer and soil in a volume ratio of 0.5:0.6:1:1.4:30:66.5; the dosage of the water-retaining and bonding nutrient soil is 0.5-0.8L / plant.

[0046] (3) Watering: Water the roots after planting. If the weather is dry after planting, water thoroughly every half a month or so to maintain soil moisture at 50-65%.

[0047] (4) Fertilization: Put the slow-release fertilizer into a non-woven seedling bag to make a slow-release fertilizer bag. Two months after planting, use the slow-release fertilizer bag for fertilization. When fertilizing, place the slow-release fertilizer bag directly on the uphill position next to the plant so that the fertilizer is slowly released during rain or watering;

[0048] Among them, the non-woven bag used for the slow-release fertilizer bag is a 10*12cm non-woven seedling bag; the slow-release fertilizer is made of compound fertilizer and organic fertilizer in a volume ratio of 1:5.

[0049] The situation of using the method of this application to breed Coptis chinensis seedlings and simulate wild planting growth is as follows Figure 1 As shown, from Figure 1 It can be seen that the Coptis chinensis bred and planted using this method has a good growth state, and this application can provide a new way for the spatial utilization of land resources in karst areas.

[0050] In order to express the present invention more clearly, the present invention is further described below by specific examples. The following examples are used to illustrate the present application, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present application. Without departing from the spirit and substance of the present application, the modification or replacement of the present application method, step or condition all belong to the scope of the present application.

[0051] If not otherwise specified, the examples were prepared according to conventional experimental conditions or conditions recommended by conventional manufacturers' instructions.

[0052] Unless otherwise specified, the chemical reagents and materials used in the examples are conventional commercially available reagents and materials, and the technical means used in the examples are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art.

[0053] Example 1 Comparative experiment on survival rate of bagged seedlings and bare-root seedlings

[0054] 1. Seed harvesting and storage:

[0055] In this embodiment, the Coptis chinensis seeds were harvested when they were mature in May 2023. After drying, the Coptis chinensis seeds were put into a plastic sealed bag and placed in a 4°C refrigerator for storage. The Coptis chinensis seeds can still maintain a high germination rate when dried and refrigerated in a 4°C refrigerator for 2-3 years.

[0056] 2. Seed treatment:

[0057] It is known that seedlings are grown in greenhouses using seedling bags, and can be planted 2-3 months after sowing; spring sowing is generally sown from late February to late March, and planted from May to July; autumn sowing is generally sown from late July to late August, and planted after November; technical personnel in this field need to reverse the seedling emergence period based on the planting plan before sowing, and process the seeds 60 days in advance.

[0058] The specific method for treating seeds in this embodiment is: on December 26, 2023, 30g (about 60,000 seeds, about 66ml) of refrigerated Coptis chinensis seeds were taken out, mixed evenly with 660ml of clean river sand, added about 200ml of water to make it wet, put it into a non-woven bag, and placed it in a 4°C refrigerator for 60 days, keeping the seeds moist during this period.

[0059] 3. Sowing and seedling raising:

[0060] Preparation of water-retaining seedling medium: On February 20, 2024, 20L of 1000-fold granular agricultural water-retaining agent (Colin Biochemical), 28L of lime, 112L of fire ash, 200L of wood chaff, 240L of perlite, 240L of river sand, 460L of biological organic fertilizer fermented from cow dung (Guangxi Lirong Biotechnology Co., Ltd.), and 700L of soil were mixed evenly to prepare the water-retaining seedling medium;

[0061] Matrix bagging: Use non-woven seedling bags with specifications of 9*9cm (about 5cm in diameter and 7cm in height after bagging), and the height of the water-retaining seedling matrix filled in is 6cm. Each bag contains about 120ml of the water-retaining seedling matrix, and about 500 bags are placed per square meter. The above matrix can hold about 15,000 bags;

[0062] Seed mixed matrix: Coptis chinensis seeds are very small, and it is difficult to count the number when sowing. In order to ensure uniform sowing and increase the sowing speed, it is necessary to mix them with a larger proportion of mixed matrix before sowing. The specific operation is: on February 24, 2024, 30L of dry river sand, 30L of wood chaff, and 30L of fire ash were mixed and sieved to obtain a mixed matrix; the Coptis chinensis seeds that had been refrigerated for 60 days were taken out of the refrigerator and mixed with the above mixed matrix to obtain a sowing matrix;

[0063] Sowing: Sow in spots, sow the above-mentioned sowing matrix evenly into all the seedling bags, about 5 ml for each bag, with an average of about 4 seeds in each bag, sow in the center of the bag as much as possible, and finally sprinkle a layer of sawdust about 5 mm thick on the surface for covering;

[0064] Management during the seedling stage: Water thoroughly once after sowing, and then keep the substrate moist; generally, germination begins about 10 days after sowing and is completed in about 1 month. Appropriate light and drought conditions can promote the growth of the root system of Coptis chinensis. In order to cultivate strong Coptis chinensis seedlings, it is necessary to control light and water, and the shading rate should be kept at 60-70%. After germination, the amount of watering can be reduced to harden the seedlings; if the seedlings grow too vigorously, spray dwarfing agent to control their nutritional growth.

[0065] 4. Transplanting and planting:

[0066] 2-3 months after sowing, when the seedling height reaches 10cm and the rhizome thickness reaches 3mm, it can be transplanted and planted; in terms of the choice of planting season, since the high temperature in summer is not conducive to the growth of Coptis chinensis, it is not suitable for planting in August and September; in addition, Coptis chinensis seedlings are relatively fragile and have a long recovery period after planting. If they are exposed to rain within 1 month after planting, the survival rate will be greatly reduced. Therefore, try to avoid the rainy season during planting; except for heavy rain and high temperature seasons, it can be planted at other times.

[0067] This experiment compared the survival rates of bagged seedlings (planted without removing the bags) and bare-root seedlings through three planting methods: simulating wild plants, ground planting, and potted planting. The experiment was conducted at the experimental base of Guangxi Institute of Botany.

[0068] The specific operations of simulated wild planting are:

[0069] (1) Selection of planting environment and rockery construction: Select an understory environment with a 60-80% shading rate, use rocks to build rockery, and create native wild conditions;

[0070] (2) Preparation of water-retaining and binding nutrient soil: 2 L of 15-15-15 potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (Hunan Jinye Zhongwang Technology Co., Ltd.), 2.4 L of Zhongyuan Star powdered medium-viscosity adhesive (sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, Zhengzhou Zhongyuan Cellulose Co., Ltd.), 4 L of water-retaining agent, 5.6 L of lime, 120 L of organic fertilizer, and 266 L of soil were mixed evenly to obtain water-retaining and binding nutrient soil for later use;

[0071] (3) Planting: Four planting experiments were conducted from April 2024 to January 2025. The row spacing was about 30*30cm, and 10-12 plants were planted per square meter. When planting, put an appropriate amount of water-retaining and adhesive nutrient soil in the cracks of the rocks, then put the bagged seedlings (or bare-root seedlings), and then cover them with an appropriate amount of water-retaining and adhesive nutrient soil. The amount of water-retaining and adhesive nutrient soil used was 0.5-0.8L per plant. After planting, water the roots (no watering is required on rainy days), and then water them irregularly depending on the drought situation.

[0072] The specific operations of ground planting are:

[0073] (1) Land preparation, fertilization and mulch film covering: prepare the land according to the width of the furrow 1.2m and the width of the furrow 0.3m, turn the soil to a depth of 20cm, apply an appropriate amount of organic fertilizer and mix it with the soil, water it thoroughly, and then cover the furrow with agricultural reflective mulch film;

[0074] (2) Planting: Three planting experiments were conducted from December 2024 to January 2025. Four rows were planted in each bed, with a plant spacing of 30 cm. During planting, holes were punched in the mulch and planting holes slightly larger than the seedling bags were dug. Then the bagged seedlings (or bare-root seedlings) were placed and covered with original soil. After planting, water was applied to the roots. After that, water was applied irregularly depending on the drought situation. Shading was performed using a shade net with a shading rate of about 70%.

[0075] The specific operations of potted planting are:

[0076] (1) Preparation of substrate: 2 L of compound fertilizer, 6 L of lime, 120 L of organic fertilizer, and 272 L of soil were mixed evenly to obtain a potting substrate for later use;

[0077] (2) Planting: Planting experiments were carried out inside and outside the greenhouse on December 20, 2024. Plastic flower pots with a diameter of 22 cm were used for planting. When planting, an appropriate amount of substrate was first placed in the pot, and then bagged seedlings (or bare-root seedlings) were placed, and then an appropriate amount of substrate was added. After planting, rooting water was sprinkled, and then water was sprinkled irregularly depending on the drought situation. Shading nets with a shading rate of about 70% were used for shading.

[0078] The survival rate was checked 1 month after planting, and the results are shown in Table 1 and Figure 2 The results showed that among the three planting methods of simulated wild, ground planting and potted planting, the survival rate of bagged seedlings was higher than that of bare-root seedlings. The average survival rate of bagged seedlings was 89.84%, and the average survival rate of bare-root seedlings was 58.51%. Among them, the survival rates of ground planting and potted planting were higher overall. Although the survival rate of simulated wild planting was lower overall, the average survival rate of simulated wild planting bag seedlings could reach more than 80%, while the survival rate of simulated wild planting bare-root seedlings was significantly lower, with an average survival rate of only 27.20%. In addition, since the seedlings of Coptis chinensis are fragile, the survival rate of simulated wild planting is greatly affected by weather such as rain and sunshine, and the survival rates of planting in different seasons and on different dates are very different.

[0079] Table 1 Comparison of survival rates between bagged seedlings and bare-root seedlings

[0080]

[0081] Example 2 Experiment on the influence of soil covering and water-retaining bonding nutrient soil covering on the substrate humidity in the seedling bag

[0082] The purpose of using the adhesive in the present invention is to stabilize the soil and prevent soil erosion and fertilizer leaching. If the amount of adhesive is insufficient, the soil-stabilizing effect is poor, and if the amount is too high, it will affect the respiration of the plant root system and cause the plant death. Experiments show that the water-retaining adhesive nutrient soil prepared according to the volume ratio of the present application can maintain a certain soil-stabilizing effect without affecting the growth of the plant.

[0083] In this embodiment, the steps of seed harvesting and storage, seed treatment, sowing and seedling raising, and preparation of water-retaining and bonding nutrient soil are all consistent with those in Example 1, and the time for transplanting and planting is October 8, 2024.

[0084] The common conditions for planting in this experiment are: relatively consistent simulated wild karst rock cracks, film covering to prevent rain, and a shading rate of about 70%.

[0085] Two treatment groups and one control group were set up. Treatment group 1: first put a small amount of soil at the bottom, then place the bag seedlings, and then cover the bag seedlings with soil, the amount of soil is about 0.5-0.8L / plant; Treatment group 2: first put a small amount of the water-retaining adhesive nutrient soil at the bottom, then place the bag seedlings, and then cover the bag seedlings with the water-retaining adhesive nutrient soil, the amount of the water-retaining adhesive nutrient soil is about 0.5-0.8L / plant; Control group: directly place the bag seedlings in the karst cracks.

[0086] On the first day of the experiment, the soil was completely drenched with water, and no more water was applied afterwards. The humidity of the substrate in the bag was measured and recorded every day, and the experiment ended when the humidity was 0. The soil humidity was measured using Yixin LY201 soil detector.

[0087] Preliminary experiments have shown that when water is applied when the soil moisture drops to about 30%, Coptis chinensis will not be damaged by drought. When the soil moisture drops below 20% for about a day, Coptis chinensis will be damaged by drought. Therefore, soil moisture of 20-30% is the critical point for Coptis chinensis to suffer from drought stress.

[0088] The experimental results are shown in Table 2 and Figure 3 .

[0089] Among them, Table 2 records the number of days used for the humidity of each group to drop to 30%, 20% and 0 respectively. It can be seen from Table 2 that it only took 4 days for the substrate humidity of CK (control group) to drop to 20%, and it only took 6 days for the substrate humidity to drop to 0; it took 8 days for the substrate humidity of the soil covering treatment (i.e. treatment group 1) to drop to 20%, and it took 24 days for the substrate humidity to drop to 0; it took 26 days for the substrate humidity of the water-retaining and bonded nutrient soil covering treatment (i.e. treatment group 2) to drop to 20%, and it took 42 days for the substrate humidity to drop to 0;

[0090] Table 2 Effects of covering soil and covering water-retaining bonding nutrient soil on the substrate humidity in the seedling bag

[0091] deal with CK Treatment 1 (covering soil) Treatment 2 (covered with water-retaining and bonding nutrient soil) Initial humidity / % 87.67 86.33 86.33 Days when humidity drops to 30% 4 6 8 Days when humidity drops to 20% 4 8 26 Days until humidity drops to 0 6 24 42

[0092] exist Figure 3 In the humidity change curve shown, the humidity increased between the 10th and 15th days. This was because it was rainy for three consecutive days and the substrate absorbed moisture, causing the humidity to rise. The humidity increase was particularly obvious in the treatment of covering with water-retaining and adhesive nutrient soil.

[0093] The results of this experiment show that covering with water-retaining and bonded nutrient soil can maintain soil moisture for a long time and play a role in consolidating the soil and retaining fertilizer.

[0094] Example 3 Experiment on the effect of different seedling medium and planting method on plant drought tolerance

[0095] Based on the experimental results of Example 2, this experiment was conducted to further verify the use effect of the water retaining agent and the adhesive. In this experiment, seedlings were raised according to the method of Example 1, wherein the water retaining agent was not added to the seedling raising matrix used for the control; a planting comparison experiment was carried out according to the method of Example 2, and the specific planting method can be seen in Table 3. The planting time was November 21, 2024. On the first day of the experiment, all plants were watered thoroughly, and no watering was done thereafter. The number of days of drought injury and death of the plants in each treatment was recorded.

[0096] The results are shown in Table 3 and Figure 4 The results in Table 3 show that the conventional substrate bag seedlings placed directly without soil cover will show signs of drought injury in about 5 days and die in 10 days; the drought-resistant days (calculated according to the drought injury time) of the seedlings using the water-retaining seedling substrate bag can be increased to 10 days, and the drought-death days can be increased to 20 days. When covering the water-retaining and bonding nutrient soil during planting, the drought-resistant days of the seedlings are increased from 5-10 days without soil cover and 10-25 days with conventional soil cover to 30-35 days. When using the method of the present application, the bag seedlings raised with the water-retaining seedling substrate are covered with water-retaining and bonding nutrient soil during planting, and the longest time of drought-death can reach about 45 days.

[0097] Example 2 shows that when the weather is cloudy and rainy, the water retaining agent can absorb moisture in the air to increase soil humidity. This example further verifies this phenomenon. When the weather turns cloudy and rainy, some plants that are injured by drought no longer suffer new damage and even resume normal growth. Therefore, this technology can reduce the frequency of artificial watering in the arid and water-deficient karst areas, and greatly improve the survival rate and preservation rate of seedlings.

[0098] Table 3 Effects of different seedling medium and planting methods on plant drought tolerance

[0099] Planting method Drought injury days (days) Drought death days (days) Conventional substrate bag seedlings are not covered with soil 5 10 Conventional substrate bag seedlings covered with soil 10 24 Conventional substrate bag seedlings covered with water-retaining and adhesive nutrient soil 30 40 Water-retaining seedling substrate bag seedlings without soil covering 10 20 Water-retaining seedling substrate bag seedling covering soil 25 35 Water-retaining seedling substrate bag seedling cover water-retaining adhesive nutrient soil 35 45

[0100] Figure 4 These are real scenes of the comparative experiment on drought resistance of Coptis chinensis seedlings. Among them, A shows the conventional substrate bag seedlings soaked with water and placed for 7 days; B shows the water-retaining substrate bag seedlings soaked with water and placed for 7 days; C shows the conventional substrate bag seedlings covered with soil and soaked with water 20 days later; D shows the conventional substrate bag seedlings covered with water-retaining adhesive nutrient soil and soaked with water 20 days later.

[0101] Example 4 Experiment on the effect of using homemade slow-release fertilizer bags on plant growth

[0102] 1. Homemade slow-release fertilizer bags:

[0103] In this experiment, the compound fertilizer and organic fertilizer described in Example 1 were used to prepare slow-release fertilizer, and non-woven seedling bags with specifications of 10*12 cm were used to prepare slow-release fertilizer bags. 20L of compound fertilizer and 100L of organic fertilizer were mixed evenly to prepare slow-release fertilizer, and about 150ml of slow-release fertilizer was placed in each bag. After the slow-release fertilizer was placed, the bags were stapled and sealed. Alternatively, fertilizer bags can be customized according to the above specifications.

[0104] 2. Fertilization method:

[0105] About 2 months after planting, when the plants have passed the seedling stage and resumed normal growth, you can apply fertilizer. Generally, apply fertilizer twice a year, once in March-April in spring and once in September in autumn. When applying fertilizer, place the fertilizer bag directly on the uphill position next to the plant so that the fertilizer can be slowly released during rain or watering.

[0106] Karst rock cracks have problems such as lack of soil and steep slopes. In the natural environment, there are generally no conditions for retaining water and fertilizer. If fertilizer is directly spread, it is easy to be washed away by rainwater, and the fertilizer utilization rate is extremely low. This method fixes the slow-release fertilizer in a fertilizer bag and slowly releases it during rain or watering, which can greatly improve the fertilizer utilization rate and achieve the effect of increasing production.

[0107] The slow-release fertilizer bag made by this method, through sampling and testing, the initial nutrient content is 41.4% organic matter, 4.45% total nitrogen, 6.12% total phosphorus, and 4.69% total potassium. The nutrient content after 3 months of application is 47.1% organic matter, 1.82% total nitrogen, 5.67% total phosphorus, and 0.36% total potassium. It can be seen that after 3 months of application, organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus still maintain a high level, and only potassium fertilizer has a large decline. Therefore, the main function of adding fire ash (or fire soil) to the seedling medium is to increase potassium fertilizer. If conditions permit, fire ash (or fire soil) can also be added to the water-retaining bonding nutrient soil.

[0108] The experimental results are shown in Table 4 and Figure 5 The results showed that after 5 months of transplanting, the fresh weight of a single plant without fertilizer was 40.28g, and the fresh weight of a single plant with one fertilizer was 88.95g; after 1 year of planting, the fresh weight of a single plant without fertilizer was 170.87g, and the fresh weight of a single plant with two fertilizers was 355.27g. Compared with no fertilizer, the yield can generally be increased by about 1 times.

[0109] Table 4 Effect of applying homemade slow-release fertilizer on plant growth

[0110]

[0111] Example 5 Experiment on the effect of different shading rates and soil moisture on seedling growth

[0112] 1. Experimental design:

[0113] Coptis chinensis is a shade plant, and strong light will affect the growth of the plant. In order to explore the most suitable shading conditions for its growth, this study was carried out. This experiment designed 4 light intensities, and the preset shading treatments were: L1-only film covering, L2-shading rate of about 50%, L3-shading rate of 70-80%, L4-shading rate of about 95%; at the same time, 4 soil moisture conditions were designed for treatment, and the preset soil moisture treatments were: W1-soil moisture of about 30%, W2-soil moisture of about 50%, W3-soil moisture of about 70%, W4-soil moisture is watered every day.

[0114] 2. Experimental process and results:

[0115] Simple small arch sheds were built in 4 plots with relatively consistent conditions and covered with film to prevent rain. Only the film was covered in the L1 area, and the film was covered in the L2-L4 areas and then covered with shade nets with different shading rates. The light intensity of each area was measured using the Teansi TA631A illuminance meter, and the shading rate of each treatment was calculated. The shading rates calculated by actual measurement were: L1 was 9.09%, L2 was 50.30%, L3 was 82.63%, and L4 was 94.94%.

[0116] In order to prevent the influence of ground weeds and soil moisture changes, cement boards were first laid on the ground, and the bagged seedlings were placed directly on the cement boards after the seeds germinated. The soil moisture of each treatment was measured every day, and the amount of watering was adjusted according to the changes in soil moisture to keep the soil moisture of each treatment within the set value range as much as possible. The average soil moisture of each treatment was calculated based on the soil moisture recorded every day: W1 was 31.42%, W2 was 51.06%, W3 was 63.55%, and W4 was 77.80%.

[0117] The experimental period was 3 months. All the plants in W1L1 (i.e., soil moisture of 31.42% and shading rate of 9.09%) died on the 9th day of the experiment, and all the plants in W1L2 (i.e., soil moisture of 31.42% and shading rate of 50.30%) died on the 21st day of the experiment. The remaining treatments still had surviving plants at the end of the experiment. At the end of the experiment, the survival rate, plant height, crown width, rhizome diameter, taproot length, fresh weight per plant, and total alkaloid content of each treatment were measured. The results are shown in Tables 5 and Figure 6 .

[0118] Table 5 Effects of different shading rates and soil moisture on seedling growth

[0119]

[0120]

[0121] Table 5 and Figure 6The results showed that the top three treatments in terms of survival rate were W3L3 (i.e. soil moisture of 63.55% and shading rate of 82.63%) with a survival rate of 92.50%, W4L3 (i.e. soil moisture of 77.80% and shading rate of 82.63%) with a survival rate of 81.08%, and W4L2 (i.e. soil moisture of 77.80% and shading rate of 50.30%) with a survival rate of 78.95%; the top three treatments in terms of plant height were W4L3 with a plant height of 10. The top three treatments in terms of crown width were W4L3 with a crown width of 12.93 cm, W2L2 (i.e., soil moisture of 51.06% and shading rate of 50.30%) with a crown width of 12.47 cm, and W3L3 with a crown width of 12.13 cm; the top three treatments in terms of root and stem diameter were W2L1 (i.e., soil moisture of 51.06% and shading rate of 9.09%) with a root and stem diameter of 12.67 cm, and W3L2 with a root and stem diameter of 13.97 cm. The root diameter of W2L2 was 4.40mm, that of W2L2 was 4.06mm, and that of W3L2 (i.e., soil moisture was 63.55% and shading rate was 50.30%) was 3.50mm; the top three treatments in terms of taproot length were W3L2 with a taproot length of 8.08cm, W4L3 with a taproot length of 8.00cm, and W3L1 (i.e., soil moisture was 63.55% and shading rate was 9.09%) with a taproot length of 7.81cm; the top three treatments in terms of single plant fresh weight were W The fresh weight of each plant of 3L3 was 27.98g, that of W4L3 was 21.05g, and that of W2L3 (i.e., soil moisture was 51.06% and shading rate was 82.63%) was 15.17g; the three treatments with the highest total alkaloid content were W2L1 with a total alkaloid content of 3.54%, W3L1 with an alkaloid content of 3.26%, and W4L1 (i.e., soil moisture was 77.80% and shading rate was 9.09%) with an alkaloid content of 3.22%.

[0122] The data with the same shading and soil moisture gradient were classified and the average values ​​were calculated. The results showed that L3 (shading rate was 82.63%) had the highest survival rate, plant height, crown width and fresh weight per plant, while L1 (shading rate was 9.09%) had the highest rhizome thickness, main root length and total alkaloid content; in terms of soil moisture, W4 (soil moisture was 77.80%) had the highest survival rate, plant height and crown width, W2 (soil moisture was 51.06%) had the highest rhizome thickness, main root length and total alkaloid content, and W3 (soil moisture was 63.55%) had the highest fresh weight per plant.

[0123] Taking into account important parameters such as survival rate, rhizome thickness, single plant weight, total alkaloid content, and combined with actual observations of plant growth status, the optimal shading rate is between L2 and L3, and 60-80% is recommended; the optimal soil moisture is between W2 and W3, and 50-65% is recommended.

[0124] In summary, the present invention aims at the difficult problems in the field of planting such as the steep slopes with little soil in the karst area, soil erosion and fertilizer leaching, etc., and adopts professional materials such as water retaining agent, adhesive and lime, and adopts technical methods such as planting bag seedlings without removing the bags, covering with water-retaining and adhesive nutrient soil and fertilizing with slow-release fertilizer bags, and proposes the best planting environment conditions. The application of professional materials and targeted technical methods can greatly improve the survival rate of Coptis chinensis planting, shorten the production cycle, increase the yield and quality of medicinal materials, and effectively reduce the occurrence of soil erosion and fertilizer leaching in the karst area. The technology of the present invention can be applied to the fields of ecological restoration of karst rocky desertification areas, the return and conservation of the endangered plant Coptis chinensis, and the industrial development and utilization of Chinese medicinal materials.

[0125] The above description is a detailed description of the preferred feasible embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the patent application of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modified changes completed under the technical spirit suggested by the present invention should fall within the patent scope covered by the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for planting Coptis chinensis in karst rock cracks in a simulated wild manner, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Seeding and seedling raising: Add a water-retaining seedling raising matrix into a non-woven seedling raising bag, and then sow the treated Coptis chinensis seeds into the non-woven seedling raising bag by spot sowing; water thoroughly once after sowing, and then keep the matrix moist; the shading rate is maintained at 60-70%; (2) Transplanting: Choose a cloudy or light rainy day for planting, and plant the Coptis chinensis seedlings together with the non-woven seedling bags in the karst rock cracks with a 60-80% shading rate without removing the bags. When planting, cover the bottom and surrounding of the bagged seedlings with an appropriate amount of water-retaining adhesive nutrient soil; (3) Watering: Water the roots after planting and then keep the soil moisture at 50-65%; (4) Fertilization: Put the slow-release fertilizer into a non-woven bag to make a slow-release fertilizer bag. Two months after planting, use the slow-release fertilizer bag for fertilization. When fertilizing, place the slow-release fertilizer bag directly on the uphill position next to the plant so that the fertilizer can be slowly released during rain or watering.

2. The method for planting Coptis chinensis in karst rock crevices in simulated wild conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specification of the non-woven seedling bag is 9*9cm.

3. The method for planting Coptis chinensis in karst rock cracks in simulated wild conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water-retaining seedling-growing matrix is ​​made of a water-retaining agent, lime, fire ash, wood husk, perlite, river sand, organic fertilizer and soil in a volume ratio of 1:1.4:5.6:10:12:12:23:

35.

4. The method for planting Coptis chinensis in karst rock cracks in simulated wild conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The processing method of Coptis chinensis seeds is: mix the Coptis chinensis seeds with clean river sand and water in a volume ratio of 1:10:3, put them in a non-woven bag, and place them in a 4°C refrigerator for 60 days, keeping the seeds moist during this period.

5. The method for planting Coptis chinensis in karst rock cracks in simulated wild conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific operation of sowing in step (1) is as follows: before sowing, dry river sand, wood husks and fire ash are mixed in a volume ratio of 1:1:1 and sieved to obtain a mixed seed matrix; the treated Coptis chinensis seeds and the mixed seed matrix are mixed evenly in a ratio of 4-5 Coptis chinensis seeds per 5 ml of the mixed seed matrix to obtain a sowing matrix; The sowing matrix was sown into non-woven seedling bags filled with water-retaining seedling matrix by spot sowing. 5 ml of sowing matrix was sown into each non-woven seedling bag, and then a 5 mm thick layer of sawdust was sprinkled on the surface to cover it.

6. A method for planting Coptis chinensis in karst rock cracks in a simulated wild manner according to any one of claims 3 or 5, characterized in that: Fire ash can be replaced with fire soil.

7. The method for planting Coptis chinensis in karst rock cracks in simulated wild conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water-retaining and bonding nutrient soil in step (2) is made of compound fertilizer, adhesive, water-retaining agent, lime, organic fertilizer and soil in a volume ratio of 0.5:0.6:1:1.4:30:66.

5.

8. The method for planting Coptis chinensis in karst rock cracks in simulated wild conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The amount of the water-retaining and bonding nutrient soil used is 0.5-0.8 L / plant.

9. The method for planting Coptis chinensis in karst rock cracks in simulated wild conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The non-woven bag used to make the slow-release fertilizer bag is a 10*12cm non-woven seedling raising bag.

10. The method for planting Coptis chinensis in karst rock cracks in simulated wild conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slow-release fertilizer is made of compound fertilizer and organic fertilizer in a volume ratio of 1:5.

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