Active cyanobacteria dry land fertilizer as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural biology and the technical field of compound fertilizers, and discloses an active cyanobacteria dry land fertilizer and a preparation method and application thereof.The method comprises the following steps that cyanobacteria is cultured and harvested to obtain cyanobacteria concentrated pulp, then the cyanobacteria concentrated pulp is rinsed with a drying protective agent, and the active cyanobacteria dry land fertilizer is obtained; preferably, symbiotic rhizobium is added into the cyanobacteria concentrated slurry, and the cyanobacteria concentrated slurry is mixed with a matrix material to obtain a cyanobacteria embedding material; then drying and crushing the cyanobacteria concentrated slurry or the cyanobacteria embedding material to obtain cyanobacteria dry powder; and adding the cyanobacteria dry powder into a plant fertilizer or an edible fungus fertilizer or water or a soil improvement product to obtain the active cyanobacteria dry land fertilizer. Based on adsorption and embedding of plant growth promoting substances contained in cyanobacteria by the drying protective agent, the active cyanobacteria dry land fertilizer has the advantages of being resistant to storage and transportation, capable of remarkably promoting plant growth, suitable for various field environments, capable of improving soil and increasing fertility and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the fields of agricultural biotechnology and compound fertilizer technology, and in particular to a solid active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer which has the functions of nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubilization, and increasing soil microbial abundance and is suitable for dryland crops, as well as a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] At present, on the one hand, the decline in soil fertility in farmland, drought and barrenness of soil in the west, eutrophication of groundwater and surface water are becoming increasingly serious, which has threatened my country's food security, ecological environment, people's health and other aspects. The excessive use of chemical fertilizers has caused problems such as soil compaction and salinization, water pollution, and carbon dioxide emissions. Although organic fertilizers are vigorously developed, there are problems such as slow fertility release and low nitrogen content, which cannot fundamentally meet the needs of plant fertilizers. The country's continuous attention and investment in new fertilizers have created favorable conditions for the research and development and production of new environmentally friendly fertilizers. In recent years, the Chinese government has adopted a series of policies to encourage and support the development of new fertilizers, creating a good development environment for enterprises.

[0003] On the other hand, the production and application of chemical fertilizers have brought about a series of environmental problems. Its production consumes a large amount of resources such as coal and emits a large amount of CO 2 With N 2 In 2005, the total amount of fertilizers used in China was close to one-third of the world's total fertilizer consumption (154 million tons). Fertilizers have become one of the most important indirect sources of carbon emissions in the process of crop cultivation.

[0004] Nitrogen resources in nature are very abundant, and nearly 80% of the gases in the atmosphere are nitrogen. Compared with the high temperature and high pressure conditions of industrial nitrogen fixation, biological nitrogen fixation can be carried out at room temperature and pressure. It is one of the main nitrogen sources of the nitrogen cycle in the biosphere, and the fixed nitrogen is quite objective in nature. There are many kinds of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms in nature. According to the nitrogen-fixing characteristics of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms and their relationship with plants, they can be divided into three categories: autogenic nitrogen-fixing microorganisms, symbiotic nitrogen-fixing microorganisms, and associated nitrogen-fixing microorganisms. Rhizobium that coexists with legumes is a symbiotic nitrogen-fixing microorganism. It can survive on organic matter produced by photosynthesis of legumes, and at the same time, it captures nitrogen in the air through its own nitrogenase and converts it into ammonium ions. Photosynthetic bacteria are autogenic nitrogen-fixing microorganisms that can perform photosynthesis and produce ATP molecules to provide energy support for nitrogen fixation. Photosynthetic bacteria contain nitrogenase that can directly fix nitrogen into ammonium ions. It exists in a specialized dead cell called heterocysts, and the surrounding cells provide nitrogenase with the ATP energy molecules required for the nitrogen fixation process. At the same time, some Rhizobium bacteria parasitize in the photosynthetic bacterial environment of the soil and grow on biomass such as polysaccharides produced by photosynthetic bacteria.

[0005] After searching, it is found that there are many existing patents related to cyanobacteria (blue algae), which focus on the resource utilization of water bloom blue algae pollutants as ingredients for organic fertilizers, which is fundamentally different from the present invention; the patents related to cyanobacteria nitrogen-fixing fertilizers are:

[0006] (1) CN202310651083.X A nitrogen-fixing Nostoc sp. and its application. This invention discloses a nitrogen-fixing Nostoc sp. and its application. The nitrogen-fixing Nostoc sp.d389-10 of this invention has a high nitrogenase activity. After inoculation, it can promote the increase of rice yield and improve the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate of rice. The nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate of rice is increased by more than 20%, and it has a promoting effect when inoculated into two different types of paddy soil. This patent is about the yield-increasing effect of a nitrogen-fixing strain in rice cultivation.

[0007] (2) CN108753638B discloses a salicylic acid-producing nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria in rice fields and its application in rice fields. The invention discloses a salicylic acid-producing nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria in rice fields, which has the effect of promoting rice growth after being inoculated in rice fields.

[0008] (2) CN106007913A A method for preparing a composite microbial fertilizer using cyanobacteria mud, the invention discloses a method for preparing a composite microbial fertilizer using cyanobacteria mud, cyanobacteria mud, 2-4mm rice straw, superphosphate, and biological inoculant are mixed and fermented in a fermentation tank in a certain proportion to obtain algae mud composite microbial fertilizer. This method makes full use of cyanobacteria mud, turns waste into treasure, reduces the harm of cyanobacteria blooms to the environment, and provides efficient composite microbial fertilizer for agricultural production.

[0009] (3) CN116622523A A blue fungus 401 and its application. The invention provides a blue fungus 401 and its application. The blue fungus has the function of inhibiting banana pathogens and can be used as a fertilizer, which has a positive effect on improving the quality of crops.

[0010] (4) CN116333750A discloses a nitrogen-fixing algae floc active phosphorus biological soil conditioner for saline-alkali land and a preparation method thereof. The invention mixes liquid cyanobacteria with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria to form algae flocs, or crushes naturally dried nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria and mixes them with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria under the action of an adhesive to form flocs, which are then applied to rice paddies to improve fertilizer efficiency.

[0011] (5) CN102674912B Biocomposite fertilizer and its preparation method, the invention prepares biocomposite fertilizer by simply mixing algae liquid of Anabaena flos-cissus, Chlorella vulgaris and Rhodophyta; the patent claims that it can increase the sugar content of fruits and other effects.

[0012] (6) CN117586075B discloses a microalgae mineral organic fertilizer and a preparation method and application thereof. The invention mixes a composite microalgae nutrient solution containing Chlorella pyrenoidosa, Anabaena and Micromonospora with modified palygorskite and chicken manure and ferments the mixture to obtain the microalgae mineral organic fertilizer.

[0013] (7) CN114195598B discloses a microalgae fertilizer for improving soil fertility and its preparation method and application. The invention mixes blue algae, green algae, Azolla with biological bacteria, composts at 50°C, and then expands at 100-120°C to produce organic fertilizer.

[0014] (8) CN118724046B discloses a water-soluble bio-organic fertilizer and its preparation method and application. The invention prepares the fertilizer by hydrolyzing animal feathers and the like and mixing them with bio-activated carbon prepared from materials such as cyanobacteria. The carbonization conditions of the activated carbon made from cyanobacteria are pre-carbonization treatment at 200-400°C for 20-30 minutes in an inert atmosphere.

[0015] Obviously, the above patent disclosures and the present invention have significant differences in the preparation technology and application of active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer. First, the above inventions are only directed to a certain or several bacteria and their applications. The above patent disclosures only provide the types of bacteria and the fertilizer effect of inoculating the bacteria. Specifically, Patent Disclosure 1 provides a cyanobacteria strain, which has the effect of improving the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer after being inoculated in paddy fields (paddy fields), and does not involve the method for preparing the active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer in the form of active dry powder by the bacterial agent. The bacterial liquid is easily corrupted and deteriorated during storage and transportation, which limits its scope of use. The above patents are not feasible product forms in actual production, resulting in the disadvantages of high application cost and low feasibility of the application process. Patent Disclosure 2 Blue algae mud, as the fermentation matrix material of the biological inoculant, is decomposed into components that can be used by plants by the microorganisms in the biological inoculant, rather than the cyanobacteria itself playing the role of fertilizer, similar to the common organic fertilizer that provides nitrogen and phosphorus elements, and does not have the ability to continuously supply nitrogen. Patent Publication 3, 4, 5, 6 are similar to Patent Publication 1, providing a bacterial agent after adding materials such as chicken manure or minerals after one or more strains of bacteria are mixed and used as fertilizer, and the method of preparing active cyanobacteria dry land fertilizer in the form of active dry powder by the bacterial agent is not related to the same. Patent Publication 7 and 8 mainly utilize the nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus contained in cyanobacterial cells, which are decomposed by composting or high-temperature carbonization treatment for plant absorption and utilization. Therefore, the existing patented technology queried does not provide the technical process of maintaining the activity of nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria. The above patent public documents cyanobacteria are mostly inoculated in paddy fields such as rice fields to exert fertilizer effect. Because there is no effective embedding process for moisturizing and maintaining activity, it is easy to cause the bacterial agent to be inactivated and die in the dry land environment and it is difficult to exert the nitrogen-fixing effect. Therefore, the above patents relate to cyanobacteria in a dry state, and do not provide a cyanobacterial drying protection method, which will cause the cell activity to be lost and die and it is difficult to exert the fertilizer effect.

[0016] Compared with the above patent disclosures, the present invention has the following highlights that the above patents do not have: (1) It provides an innovative active cyanobacteria dry powder that can sustainably supply nitrogen sources to plants, as well as an active cyanobacteria dry land fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, including the cultivation, harvesting, protective agent treatment, cell embedding, drying and crushing of cyanobacteria, so as to obtain a product with high physiological activity such as cell photosynthesis and more suitable for transportation, storage and use. The active cyanobacteria dry land fertilizer is in the form of active cyanobacteria dry powder before use, and is added to plant fertilizer or edible fungus fertilizer or water or soil improvement products to obtain active cyanobacteria dry land fertilizer. After fertilizing dry land soil, it absorbs water to restore cell activity and exert photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation activity, continuously supplying nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus to plants, continuously improving soil humus levels, increasing microbial abundance, improving soil health, and avoiding soil compaction. (2) Active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer is similar to a miniature "nitrogen fertilizer production factory". Its main function is to continuously provide nitrogen sources for dryland crops, replacing chemical nitrogen fertilizers such as urea (experimental data show that it can replace more than 75% of nitrogen fertilizers and has a significant yield-increasing effect). At the same time, it has the function of increasing the elemental phosphate ions, microbial abundance, and humus content available to plants in the soil, and has a significant crop yield-increasing effect. (3) In order to creatively use cyanobacteria and heterotrophic nitrogen-fixing rhizobia at the same time, on the premise of using cyanobacteria to supply nitrogen, cyanobacteria and rhizobia form an effective symbiotic relationship. The photosynthesis products such as polysaccharides secreted by cyanobacteria provide carbon sources for the growth of rhizobia, and rhizobia further improve the nitrogen supply capacity of active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer, and simultaneously improve the fertilizer's phosphorus solubilization efficiency and microbial abundance. Therefore, the present invention firstly provides an active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer and its preparation, and secondly provides the application of the active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer in vegetable planting, field crops, afforestation, desertification transformation, wasteland greening to improve soil environment, improve soil acidification and alkalinity, and enrich soil microbial species.

[0017] By comparison, the patent application of the present invention is essentially different from the above-mentioned patent publications. Summary of the invention

[0018] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide an active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer and a preparation method and application thereof.

[0019] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is:

[0020] A method for preparing active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0021] (1) Cultivation of cyanobacteria: Cyanobacteria are inoculated into a culture solution for cultivation to obtain a cyanobacterial culture solution; the OD of the cyanobacterial culture solution is 560The value is not less than 0.2, blue-green algae filaments are observed under the microscope, and the rate of other miscellaneous algae is less than 3%; rhizobia are inoculated before, after, during or after cultivation or after harvesting;

[0022] (2) Harvesting cyanobacteria: concentrating the bacterial solution obtained in step (1) to remove the extracellular culture fluid to obtain a concentrated cyanobacteria slurry;

[0023] (3) rinsing the cyanobacteria concentrated slurry: rinsing the cyanobacteria concentrated slurry with a glycerol or trehalose solution having a volume concentration of 0.1% to 15%, and then concentrating and removing the glycerol or trehalose solution to obtain the rinsed cyanobacteria concentrated slurry, which is then mixed with a matrix material to obtain a cyanobacteria embedding material;

[0024] (4) Drying and crushing cyanobacteria: drying and crushing the cyanobacteria embedding material obtained in step (3) into uniform particles to obtain active cyanobacteria dry powder;

[0025] (5) Adding active cyanobacteria dry powder to plant fertilizer or edible fungus fertilizer or water or soil improvement products to obtain active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer;

[0026] Furthermore, the cyanobacteria is at least one of Oscillatoria, Calothrix, Gloeotrichia, Cylindros permum, Anabaena azollae, Tolypothrix, Nostoc commune, Nostocflagelliforme, Anabaena azotica, and Aphanizomenon; and the rhizobium is a Rhizobium bacteria that can form a symbiotic or parasitic relationship with the cyanobacteria.

[0027] Furthermore, in the step (1), rhizobia are inoculated at a concentration not higher than one-half of the concentration of cyanobacteria; in the step (3), the rinsing time of the concentrated cyanobacteria slurry is maintained within 2 hours; in the step (3), the rinsed concentrated cyanobacteria slurry obtained is fully mixed with a matrix material of a volume greater than 0.1 times; in the step (4), the cyanobacteria embedding material is dried under 780-400nm light and 40 degrees Celsius to a humidity of less than 20%, and crushed into particles with a diameter of less than 5 mm.

[0028] Furthermore, the matrix material is at least one of water-soluble starch, polyglutamic acid, microcrystalline cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, cellulose ether derivatives, chitosan, chitin, sodium alginate, nanocellulose, bacterial cellulose, agar, carrageenan, agarose, cellulose acetate, collagen, polyacrylamide, and super absorbent resin.

[0029] The active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer is prepared by the preparation method as described above.

[0030] The application of the active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer as described above in the fields of vegetable planting and / or field crops and / or desertified land.

[0031] The active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer as described above is used in vegetable planting and / or crop planting and / or afforestation and / or desertification transformation and / or field environment and / or wasteland greening to improve soil environment and / or improve soil acidification and / or enrich soil microorganism species.

[0032] The advantages and positive effects achieved by the present invention are:

[0033] 1. The present invention uses cyanobacteria or symbiotic composite bacteria of cyanobacteria and rhizobium as bacterial agents, and embeds them in dry matrix materials under the protection of osmotic protectants to obtain active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizers. Based on the adsorption and embedding of plant growth promoting substances contained in microalgae by dry matrix materials and the nitrogen fixation and nitrogen supply efficiency of cyanobacteria and rhizobium, the active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer of the present invention can efficiently supply nitrogen, significantly improve plant yield and the nitrogen content of plants, and have an obvious growth-promoting effect on plants. The fertilizer of the present invention has the advantages of nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubilization, and increasing the abundance of soil microorganisms, and is suitable for use in dryland crops.

[0034] 2. The active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer of the present invention has the advantages of being resistant to storage and transportation, significantly promoting plant growth, adapting to a variety of field environments and improving soil fertility, etc., based on the adsorption and embedding of the plant growth promoting substances contained in the cyanobacteria by the drying protective agent. The active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer of the present invention has the advantages of being efficient in nitrogen supply, promoting plant growth, having no restrictions on plant species, and having a wide range of adaptability.

[0035] 3. The active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer of the present invention is easy to use. When used together with the soil conditioner polyglutamic acid, it can greatly improve the drought resistance of plants, increase the water holding capacity of the soil, and enhance the effect of the active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer.

[0036] 4. The present invention uses cyanobacteria and rhizobia as bacterial agents, sequentially cultivates cyanobacteria, harvests cyanobacterial cells, and adds a cell protectant (which can improve the stability of chlorophyll and carotenoids in cyanobacteria during hot air drying) Figure 1 and Figure 2 , chlorophyll and carotenoids were determined by colorimetry), the homogenized cells and the macromolecular embedding agent formed a network structure ( Figure 3, scanning electron microscope photo), the adsorption of water molecules by hydroxyl groups on the surface of the macromolecular embedding agent can significantly slow down the rate of water loss of bacterial cells, avoid irreversible damage to cell activity caused by rapid water loss of cells, achieve slow cell dehydration, and protect cell vitality; active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer can restore photosynthesis activity within 96 hours on a sand plate ( Figure 4 and Figure 5 , measured by AquaPen algae chlorophyll fluorescence meter). After applying active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer, a flaky crust can form on the soil surface ( Figure 6 ). After drying and crushing, the active cyanobacteria dry land fertilizer is obtained. Based on the adsorption and embedding of the plant growth promoting substances contained in the microalgae by the dry matrix material and the nitrogen fixation ability of the cyanobacteria, the active cyanobacteria dry land fertilizer of the present invention can efficiently transport nitrogen and plant growth regulating substances to the soil, and has an obvious growth-promoting effect on plants. Compared with not applying the active cyanobacteria dry land fertilizer prepared by the present invention, after applying the active cyanobacteria dry land fertilizer prepared by the present invention, the fresh weight of the plants is increased by more than 2 times. On the other hand, when applying active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer, the macromolecular embedding agent has the function of a thickener, and the network structure formed with the cyanobacterial cells helps the cyanobacterial cells to be suspended in the liquid, avoiding the cells from sinking and causing uneven fertilization; and after the active cyanobacterial dryland fertilizer is applied to the soil, the viscosity of the embedding agent helps the colonization and survival of cyanobacteria on the soil surface. Data show that after using polyglutamic acid or carboxymethyl cellulose embedding agents, compared with cyanobacterial cells without embedding agents (liquid cultured cyanobacterial cells are directly applied on the soil surface after adding glycerol protective agent), the cell survival rate is increased by 66%, and the area of ​​cyanobacterial cortex formed on the soil surface is increased by 72.4%. On the other hand, the cyanobacteria cells in the fertilizer will continue to secrete polysaccharides in the soil during the growth process on the soil surface, providing carbon sources for heterotrophic microorganisms in the soil, and causing the soil microbial population to be more abundant, including microorganisms of the genus Rhizobium and microorganisms of the genus Azotobacter, so adding symbiotic or parasitic rhizobia to the active cyanobacteria dry land fertilizer can increase the effectiveness of the active cyanobacteria dry land fertilizer in the present invention, and laboratory data show that adding rhizobia during the preparation process of the active cyanobacteria dry land fertilizer can further increase the soil ammonium nitrogen level by 5 to 12%. Experiments show that applying the active cyanobacteria dry land fertilizer provided in the present invention significantly improves the elemental phosphate ion, microbial abundance, and humus content.

[0037] 5. The active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer of the present invention can adapt to most types of field climates and can play a role in a variety of field environments with poor environmental conditions. For example, experiments show that the photosynthetic and nitrogen fixation activities of the active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer can be maintained at more than 78% of the highest efficiency in the pH range of 4 to 11, the temperature range of 10 to 40° C., and in drought and waterlogged soils.

[0038] 6. Traditional microbial agents usually use water as a carrier of effective active bacteria, and may also use materials such as fine sand, bran, wheat husk, and carbon ash. However, during transportation and preservation, these microbial agents often have the problem of a significant decrease in the concentration of effective active bacteria. In contrast, the present invention uses a preferred matrix material as a carrier of cyanobacteria agents, simulates the drying and dehydration process in the wild environment of cyanobacteria, first adds an osmotic pressure regulating substance that can enter the cell as a drying protective agent, and secondly uses cellulose, sodium alginate and other water-absorbing polymer materials to simulate the effect of the wild cyanobacterial polysaccharide sheath, improves the vitality recovery ability of the dried cyanobacteria during rehydration, and can ensure the activity and concentration of effective active bacteria during long-distance transportation and long-term storage. Experiments show that this optimized carrier can provide a stable protective environment, provide the required nutrients and suitable growth conditions for the microbial agent, thereby maintaining the active state of the microbial agent. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] Figure 1 The figure is a data diagram of the effect of glycerol on the chlorophyll content and carotenoid content of cyanobacteria in the present invention; wherein different lowercase letters indicate significant differences;

[0040] Figure 2 The figure is a data diagram of the efficacy experiment of the use of trehalose in the present invention on the chlorophyll content and carotenoid content of cyanobacteria; wherein different lowercase letters indicate significant differences;

[0041] Figure 3 This is a scanning electron microscope photograph of the active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer particles in the present invention in the network structure formed by the embedding material;

[0042] Figure 4 This is a colony clone diagram formed by culturing the active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer of the present invention on a sand nutrient solution plate;

[0043] Figure 5 This is a data diagram showing the recovery of photosynthetic system activity after rehydration of the active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer in the present invention;

[0044] Figure 6 This is a bacterial skin diagram formed after the active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer of the present invention is applied to the soil;

[0045] Figure 7 This is an experimental data diagram of the active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer used in the present invention for application to Arabidopsis thaliana;

[0046] Figure 8 This is a data diagram of drought resistance experiment of active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer applied to Arabidopsis thaliana;

[0047] Fig. 9 This is a real shot of the test of applying the active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer of the present invention to Chrysanthemum chrysanthemum field;

[0048] Fig.10 This is a comparison chart of the growth conditions of different experimental groups of Chrysanthemum chrysanthemum applied to the present invention;

[0049] Fig.11 This is a real shot of the biomass measurement of different experimental groups of Chrysanthemum chrysanthemum applied to the present invention;

[0050] Fig.12 This is a picture of the present invention being applied to fixed-point photography before fertilizing lettuce;

[0051] Fig.13 This is a fixed-point photograph taken 7 days after the present invention was applied to lettuce fertilization;

[0052] Fig.14 This is a fixed-point photograph taken 19 days after the present invention was applied to lettuce fertilization;

[0053] Fig.15 These are actual photos of the present invention applied to the measurement of biomass of different experimental groups of lettuce. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0054] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the embodiments. The following embodiments are descriptive rather than restrictive, and the protection scope of the present invention cannot be limited by the following embodiments.

[0055] The various experimental operations involved in the specific embodiments are all routine techniques in the art. For parts not specially annotated in this document, ordinary technicians in the art can implement them by referring to various commonly used reference books, scientific and technological literature or related instructions, manuals, etc. before the filing date of this invention.

[0056] A method for preparing active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0057] (1) Cultivation of cyanobacteria: Cyanobacteria are inoculated into a culture solution for cultivation to obtain a cyanobacterial culture solution; the OD of the cyanobacterial culture solution is 560 The value is not less than 0.2, blue-green algae filaments are observed under the microscope, and the rate of other miscellaneous algae is less than 3%; rhizobia are inoculated before, after, during or after cultivation or after harvesting;

[0058] (2) Harvesting cyanobacteria: concentrating the bacterial solution obtained in step (1) to remove the extracellular culture fluid to obtain a concentrated cyanobacteria slurry;

[0059] (3) rinsing the cyanobacteria concentrated slurry: rinsing the cyanobacteria concentrated slurry with a glycerol or trehalose solution having a volume concentration of 0.1% to 15%, and then concentrating and removing the glycerol or trehalose solution to obtain the rinsed cyanobacteria concentrated slurry, which is then mixed with a matrix material to obtain a cyanobacteria embedding material;

[0060] (4) Drying and crushing cyanobacteria: drying and crushing the cyanobacteria embedding material obtained in step (3) into uniform particles to obtain active cyanobacteria dry powder;

[0061] (5) Adding active cyanobacteria dry powder to plant fertilizer or edible fungus fertilizer or water or soil improvement products to obtain active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer;

[0062] Preferably, the cyanobacteria is at least one of Oscillatoria, Calothrix, Gloeotrichia, Cylindros permum, Anabaena azollae, Tolypothrix, Nostoc commune, Nostocflagelliforme, Anabaena azotica, and Aphanizomenon; and the rhizobium is a Rhizobium bacteria that can form a symbiotic or parasitic relationship with the cyanobacteria.

[0063] Preferably, in step (1), rhizobia are inoculated at a concentration not higher than one-half of the concentration of cyanobacteria; in step (3), the rinsing time of the concentrated cyanobacteria slurry is maintained within 2 hours; in step (3), the rinsed concentrated cyanobacteria slurry obtained is fully mixed with more than 1 times the volume of the matrix material; in step (4), the cyanobacteria embedding material is dried under 780-400nm light and 40 degrees Celsius to a humidity of less than 20%, and crushed into particles with a diameter of less than 5 mm.

[0064] Preferably, the matrix material is at least one of water-soluble starch, polyglutamic acid, microcrystalline cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, cellulose ether derivatives, chitosan, chitin, sodium alginate, nanocellulose, bacterial cellulose, agar, carrageenan, agarose, cellulose acetate, collagen, polyacrylamide, and super absorbent resin.

[0065] The active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer is prepared by the preparation method as described above.

[0066] The application of the active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer as described above in the fields of vegetable planting and / or field crops and / or desertified land.

[0067] The active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer as described above is used in vegetable planting and / or crop planting and / or afforestation and / or desertification transformation and / or field environment and / or wasteland greening to improve soil environment and / or improve soil acidification and / or enrich soil microorganism species.

[0068] Specifically, the relevant preparation and detection are as follows:

[0069] Example 1

[0070] A method for preparing active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0071] (1) Cultivation and harvesting of cyanobacteria

[0072] The seed culture solution of Tolypothrix, Nostoc commune, Nostoc flagelliforme, Anabaena azotica, and Aphanizomenon was scaled up to 60 liters of culture solution at a ratio of 1:20, and 10 ml OD 600 1.0 rhizobium, the culture medium adopts improved BG11 culture medium (see the formula below), the temperature in the culture room is controlled at 20-30°C, the air flow rate is 2-5vvm, the cell density is measured once a day, and each amplification process is cultured to the cell stable period, that is, the cell density no longer continues to increase. The culture cycle is controlled within 10 days. When the cell density continues to increase after 10 days, the culture is stopped and the harvesting step is entered to obtain the above cyanobacteria culture solutions.

[0073] After the culture solution of the single strain of cyanobacteria is allowed to settle for more than 10 hours, the supernatant is removed, and then the excess culture solution is concentrated by a sedimentation centrifuge to obtain the cell concentrate slurry of the above five cyanobacteria, and the centrifuge speed is controlled to be above 3000rpm to ensure that the water content of the cyanobacterial concentrated slurry is less than 85%. Then, the above five cell concentrate slurries obtained by centrifugal concentration are mixed in equal volumes to obtain a cyanobacterial concentrated slurry.

[0074] Among them, the modified BG11 medium formula is: KH 2 PO 4 0.2 g, K 2 HPO 4 0.8 g MgSO 4 7H 2 O 0.2g, CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O 0.1g, FeCl 3 0.0005 g, Na 2 MoO 4 ·2H 2 O 0.0005g, yeast extract 0.5g, mannitol 20.0g, agar 15.0g, distilled water 1.0L; adjust the pH of the culture solution to 6.8 with HCl and NaOH.

[0075] The cyanobacteria used in this embodiment are Tolypothrix, Nostoccommune, Nostoc flagelliforme, Anabaena azotica, and Aphanizomenon. The harvested cyanobacteria are only sedimented and concentrated by centrifugation, and the cyanobacteria concentrated slurry is obtained after equal volumes are mixed.

[0076] (2) Rinsing of cyanobacteria

[0077] Add 2 times the volume of 1% glycerol solution to the concentrated cyanobacteria slurry obtained in step (1), let it stand for 60 minutes, and then centrifuge at 3000 rpm to remove the glycerol solution, so that the water content of the concentrated cyanobacteria slurry is less than 85%.

[0078] (3) Encapsulation of cyanobacteria

[0079] To the cyanobacteria concentrated slurry finally obtained in step (2), 0.3 times the volume of the cyanobacteria concentrated slurry is added sodium carboxymethyl cellulose powder having a water content of less than 5% and a particle size of less than 100 μm, and the mixture is stirred and mixed in a double-screw ribbon homogenizer until the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and the cyanobacteria concentrated slurry form a uniform powdery mixture, and the proportion of mycelium masses with a diameter greater than 0.5 mm under a microscope is less than 90%, thereby obtaining a cyanobacteria embedding material.

[0080] (4) Drying and crushing of cyanobacteria

[0081] The cyanobacteria embedding material prepared in step (3) is spread to a thickness of less than 5 mm and 100 μmol / (m 2 ·s) drying under red light at 40° C. to a water content of less than 20%, and crushing by a particle crusher to a particle size of less than 0.8 mm to obtain cyanobacteria dry powder.

[0082] (5) Preparation and application of active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer

[0083] Weigh 30g of the dry cyanobacteria powder obtained in step (4), dissolve it in 60L of irrigation water, soak it for more than 8 hours, and then stir and mix until there is no caking of the dry cyanobacteria powder to obtain an active cyanobacteria dry land fertilizer. The active cyanobacteria dry land fertilizer prepared from 10g of dry cyanobacteria powder can be used for crops with a growth period of more than 5 months on about 1 mu of land, for vegetables and other plants with a growth period of less than 2 months on 0.5 mu of land, and for the growth of plants with a growth period of between 2 months and 5 months on 0.5 to 1 mu of land.

[0084] Another group, weighed 10g of the dry cyanobacteria powder obtained in step (4), dissolved in 20L of polyglutamic acid soil improvement solution (Type II, i.e., an aqueous solution of 5% polyglutamic acid by mass), and stirred and mixed after soaking for more than 8 hours until there was no caking of the cyanobacteria dry powder, to obtain active cyanobacteria dry land fertilizer (also referred to as polyglutamic acid and active cyanobacteria dry land fertilizer in the following examples). The dosage is the same as above.

[0085] In this embodiment 1, cyanobacteria and rhizobia are used as bacterial agents, and cyanobacteria are cultured, cyanobacterial cells are harvested, and a cell protective agent ( Figure 1 and Figure 2 , chlorophyll and carotenoids were determined by colorimetry), the concentrated cyanobacterial cells formed a network structure with the macromolecular embedding agent ( Figure 3 , scanning electron microscope photo), the adsorption of water molecules by hydroxyl groups on the surface of the macromolecular embedding agent can significantly slow down the rate of water loss of bacterial cells, avoid irreversible damage to cell activity caused by rapid water loss of cells, achieve slow cell dehydration, and protect cell vitality; active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer can restore photosynthesis activity within 96 hours on a sand plate ( Figure 4 and Figure 5 , measured by AquaPen algae chlorophyll fluorescence meter). After applying active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer, a flaky crust can form on the soil surface ( Figure 6 ).

[0086] In this embodiment, the protective effect of trehalose rinsing on chlorophyll, carotenoids and photosystem II is very obvious. The cyanobacterial cells treated with a protective agent (glycerol or trehalose with a volume concentration of 1% to 15%) (i.e., 2 volumes of glycerol or trehalose with a volume concentration of 1% to 15% are added to the cyanobacterial concentrated slurry, and after standing for 60 minutes, the protective agent solution is removed by centrifugation at 3000rpm to make the water content of the cyanobacterial concentrated slurry less than 85%) and the untreated cyanobacterial cells are dried at 40 degrees Celsius to a water content of 15%, and about 0.1g of the dried cyanobacterial cells are taken, put into a mortar, and a small amount of quartz sand and calcium carbonate powder and 5ml95% ethanol are added to grind into a homogenate, and grinding is continued until the tissue turns white, and standing for 3 to 5min. Take a piece of filter paper, place it in a funnel, moisten it with ethanol, pour the extract into the funnel along the glass rod, filter into a 10ml test tube, rinse the mortar, pestle and residue several times with a small amount of ethanol, and finally pour it into the funnel together with the residue. Use a dropper to absorb ethanol and wash all the chloroplast pigments on the filter paper into the funnel. Continue until there is no green in the filter paper and the residue. Finally, use ethanol to make up to 10ml and shake well. Pour the chloroplast pigment extract into a colorimetric cup with a light path of 1cm. Use 95% ethanol as a blank, measure the absorbance at wavelengths of 665nm, 649nm, and 470nm, and use the following formula to calculate the chlorophyll and carotenoid content:

[0087] Chlorophyll content = chlorophyll a + chlorophyll b = 13.95 × A 665 -6.88×A 649 +24.96×A 649 -7.32×A 665

[0088] Carotenoid content = (1000 × A470-2.05 × chlorophyll a-114.8 × chlorophyll b) ÷ 245

[0089] The results are as follows Figure 1 As shown in the figure, after being treated with glycerol and then dried, the chlorophyll content increased by more than 20 times and the carotenoid content increased by more than 5 times compared with the samples not treated with glycerol. Figure 2 As shown in the figure, after being treated with trehalose and then dried, the chlorophyll content increased by more than 50 times, and the carotenoid content increased by more than 20 times compared with the samples not treated with trehalose. This shows that the protective agent has a very significant protective effect on the photosynthetic pigments of cyanobacteria.

[0090] In order to avoid rapid dehydration during the drying process of the collected and concentrated cyanobacterial cells, which would adversely affect the activity of the cyanobacterial cells, the present invention uses a polymer material as an embedding agent to provide a dehydration-decelerating environment for the cells, and at the same time helps to maintain the cell morphology during the drying process. Figure 3 This is a scanning electron microscope photo of cyanobacterial cells after embedding. The cells are in the network structure formed by the embedding material. The gaps in the network structure hold a large amount of water, which slows down the dehydration of the cells during the drying process. Figure 4 In this embodiment, the active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer is placed on a sand plate. The suitable temperature during the day is 22°C-24°C, the humidity is 60-70%, and the light intensity is 150 μmol·s -1 ·m -2 After 7 days of cultivation under a light / dark cycle of 16h / 8h, the color of the cyanobacterial cells in the active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer remained normal, while the cells of the samples that had not been embedded turned yellow and decomposed after seven days of cultivation. Figure 5 The data show the photosynthetic activity of photosystem II of active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer after rehydration under different treatment conditions after rinsing cyanobacteria with 1% glycerol. Active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer with different rinsing times was placed in culture solution, and the activity of photosystem II of the sample was measured using a handheld portable photosynthetic meter. The results showed that the photosynthetic activity of cyanobacteria that had been embedded was stronger than that of the unrinsed sample after rehydration for 10 days, and the difference in the activity of photosystem II was more than 3 times, which also showed that the embedded sample had better cell activity. Active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer was applied to the soil and the soil was kept moist. Figure 4Under the same culture conditions, obvious colony protrusions were formed after 14 days, indicating that the cyanobacteria in the active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer achieved fixation and growth in the soil.

[0091] Example 2

[0092] This example provides a test of the growth-promoting performance of the active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer prepared in Example 1 on the dicotyledonous plant Arabidopsis thaliana in a closed greenhouse.

[0093] 1. Experiment on the application of active cyanobacteria fertilizer to Arabidopsis thaliana

[0094] A total of 5 groups of experiments were designed, see Table 1 for details.

[0095] Table 1 Fertilization strategy of Arabidopsis thaliana experiment using active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer

[0096]

[0097] Experimental location: Plant cultivation laboratory

[0098] Experimental object: Arabidopsis thaliana

[0099] Application method: pouring

[0100] Test period: April 14, 2023 - June 14, 2023

[0101] The seeds that have been vernalized for 3 days were planted in pots with 4-6 seeds, with a spacing of about 2.5 cm between the seeds, and sprinkled in culture soil (vermiculite and black soil were mixed in a mass ratio of 8:1). The suitable temperature for the growth of Arabidopsis is 22℃-24℃ during the day, 60-70% humidity, and 150μmol·s -1 ·m -2 , light-dark cycle 16h / 8h.

[0102] Figure 7 It showed that the leaves of Arabidopsis plants in experimental groups 3 and 4, which were treated with active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer, were significantly larger and the number of leaves increased significantly.

[0103] The test results are shown in Table 2. The growth of Arabidopsis thaliana in Group 3 (only active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer was applied) and Group 4 (polyglutamic acid and active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer were applied) was significantly more vigorous than that in Group 1 (no fertilizer) and Group 2 (only polyglutamic acid was applied), and the biomass increased significantly.

[0104] Figure 8 It shows that in a drought environment, the simultaneous application of active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer and polyglutamic acid soil improvement solution (poly+blue in the figure) can significantly improve the drought resistance of Arabidopsis under drought conditions, showing a decrease in the degree of leaf wilting and denser leaves.

[0105] Table 2 Biomass of Arabidopsis thaliana in different experimental groups

[0106] Group Weight (10 plants, g) Number of leaves (10 plants, cm) 1 4.1 8 2 4.2 7 3 6.8 14 4 7.5 15

[0107] At the same time, it can also be seen that the cyanobacteria dry powder and the polyglutamic acid soil improvement solution in the fertilizer of the present invention have a synergistic effect, and can synergistically improve the relevant properties of the prepared fertilizer on the growth of Arabidopsis thaliana.

[0108] Example 3

[0109] In this example, the performance of the active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer prepared in Example 1 was tested by applying the active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer to chrysanthemums in a field test.

[0110] 1. Field test of active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer Chrysanthemum chrysanthemum

[0111] A total of 4 groups of experiments were designed, see Table 3 for details.

[0112] Table 3 Fertilization strategy of active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer Chrysanthemum chrysanthemum field test

[0113]

[0114]

[0115] The polyglutamic acid and active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer are prepared in Example 1, the polyglutamic acid is type II, the content is 5%, and the usage of the polyglutamic acid and active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer is 2L / mu. Before use, dilute in water, mix thoroughly, and apply after no obvious caking is observed.

[0116] Test location: Vegetable base

[0117] Test object: Chrysanthemum

[0118] Application method: pouring

[0119] Test period: April 24, 2023 - May 5, 2023

[0120] The seeds of chrysanthemum are placed in a low temperature treatment of 0-5℃ for about 7 days to break dormancy, soaked for 12-24 hours, and placed in a warm place of about 25℃ to germinate. The sowing rate is 60-70 kg per hectare. Fertilize after the seeds germinate.

[0121] Fig. 9 The data show the growth of Chrysanthemum chrysanthemum after treatment (groups with active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer, i.e. groups 2, 3, and 4) and before treatment (group 1 without fertilizer). It can be seen that the density of Chrysanthemum chrysanthemum in the group with active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer was significantly higher and the growth was more vigorous; there were obviously more sparse areas in the field of the group without fertilizer.

[0122] Fig.10 It can be observed that the application of polyglutamic acid and active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer combination in the experimental group can significantly improve the thickness of the root system of Chrysanthemum chrysanthemum, and the biomass is significantly increased, and the growth is more vigorous.

[0123] The test results are shown in Table 4 and Fig.11 As shown. Compared with Group 1 and Group 2, which also did not apply nitrogen fertilizer, Group 2 applied polyglutamic acid and active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer, and Group 2 increased its yield by 26.9%. Compared with Group 3 and Group 4, which also applied polyglutamic acid and active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer, Group 4 reduced nitrogen fertilizer by 25% compared with Group 3, and the final yield of the two groups was the same. It shows that the application of polyglutamic acid and active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer can significantly increase the yield of Chrysanthemum chrysanthemum; and the application of polyglutamic acid and active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer weight loss 25%, no reduction in yield, indicating that active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer can significantly reduce the application of traditional nitrogen fertilizer.

[0124] Table 4 Biomass of Chrysanthemum chrysanthemum in different experimental groups

[0125] Group Weight (10 plants, g) 1 52.7 2 66.9 3 144.3 4 143.5

[0126] At the same time, it can also be seen that when the fertilizer of the present invention is used, polyglutamic acid and active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer are used together with urea, which has a synergistic effect and can synergistically improve the growth-related characteristics of Chrysanthemum chrysanthemum.

[0127] Example 4

[0128] In this example, the performance of the active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer prepared in Example 1 was tested by applying lettuce in a field test.

[0129] A total of 5 groups of experiments were designed, see Table 5 for details.

[0130] Table 5 Fertilization strategy for the lettuce field test using active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer

[0131]

[0132] The polyglutamic acid and active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer are prepared in Example 1, the polyglutamic acid is type II, the content is 5%, and the usage of the polyglutamic acid and active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer is 2L / mu. Before use, dilute in water, mix thoroughly, and apply after no obvious caking is observed.

[0133] Test location: Vegetable base

[0134] Test subject: Lettuce

[0135] Application method: pouring

[0136] Test period: June 14, 2023 - June 29, 2023

[0137] Sprinkle the seeds on the seedbed, cover with 1-1.5 cm thick fine soil, and cover with plastic film after sowing to keep moisture. Keep the soil moist and remove the plastic film in time to prevent airtightness. Fertilize after the seedlings emerge.

[0138] like Fig.12 As shown in Figure 2, before the experiment, the lettuce planted in the field was in the seedling stage. After the unfertilized control and the application of polyglutamic acid and active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer, the growth potential of group 2 (normal nitrogen fertilizer application) was worse than that of group 1 (control without nitrogen fertilizer application) (see Figure 2). Fig.13 and Fig.14 ); The lettuces in the different active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer treatment groups grew significantly, and the sample weights were much higher than those in group 2 (normal nitrogen fertilizer application), as shown by more fibrous roots, more and larger leaves, and a significantly shortened growth cycle. The effect of group 4 (polyglutamic acid + active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer + 50% reduction in nitrogen fertilizer) was the most obvious.

[0139] The test results are shown in Table 6 and Fig.15 As shown, the growth effects of group 3 (polyglutamic acid + active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer) and group 4 (polyglutamic acid + active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer + 50% reduction in nitrogen fertilizer) are similar, and the sample weight difference is 69.9g. The growth of group 4 (polyglutamic acid + active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer + 50% reduction in nitrogen fertilizer) and group 5 (polyglutamic acid + active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer + 75% reduction in nitrogen fertilizer) seem to be similar, but the sample weight difference is 169.5g. This product has the function of promoting nitrogen absorption by plants. After being used in combination with polyglutamic acid, the fertilizer effect can be better exerted, and it has an obvious synergistic function on polyglutamic acid and active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer.

[0140] Table 6 Biomass of lettuce in different experimental groups

[0141] Group Weight (6 plants, g) 1 714.3 2 638.3 3 915.0 4 984.9 5 815.4

[0142] At the same time, it can also be seen that when the fertilizer of the present invention is used, the polyglutamic acid and the active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer are used together with urea, which has a synergistic effect and can synergistically improve the growth-related characteristics of lettuce.

[0143] Example 5

[0144] In this example, a greenhouse environment test was conducted by applying rapeseed to test the performance of the active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer prepared in Example 1 (i.e., prepared by dissolving the dry cyanobacteria powder in irrigation water in step (5) of Example 1).

[0145] A total of 3 groups of experiments were designed, see Table 7 for details.

[0146] Table 7 Fertilization strategy of active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer lettuce field test

[0147]

[0148] The active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer is the active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer prepared in Example 1, and the usage amount is 2 L / mu.

[0149] Test location: Vegetable base

[0150] Test object: rapeseed

[0151] Application method: liquid spray

[0152] Test period: November 14, 2024 - December 8, 2024

[0153] Before the experiment, the soil in the greenhouse was tilled and rapeseed was sown into the soil at a seed rate of about 0.4 grams per square meter. Fertilizer was applied after the rapeseed germinated and irrigation was carried out normally. Plant height, root length, aboveground fresh weight, underground fresh weight and maximum leaf length were measured within about one month of growth. At the same time, nitrogen, phosphate, microbial abundance and humus content in the soil were measured.

[0154] The test results are shown in Table 8. Compared with the normal application of nitrogen fertilizer group 3, the plant height, (cm), root length (cm), aboveground fresh weight (kg), underground fresh weight (kg), maximum leaf length (cm), and maximum leaf width (cm) of groups 1, 2, and 4 that applied active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer increased significantly, indicating that active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer can replace chemical fertilizer urea. The fourth group shows that active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer has a significant yield-increasing effect. Groups 1 and 2 show that applying bacteria and applying a certain amount of urea at the same time has a more significant yield-increasing effect, which is consistent with the results of Examples 2, 3, and 4.

[0155] Table 8 Biomass of rapeseed in different experimental groups

[0156]

[0157] Meanwhile, in order to study whether the active cyanobacteria dry land fertilizer in the present invention has an impact on the available single phosphate ion, microbial abundance and humus content of plants in the soil, the soil of 1 month after fertilization was analyzed, and the result showed that the phosphate ion content of groups 1, 2 and 4 in which the active cyanobacteria dry land fertilizer was applied was significantly improved, and increased by 0.78 times, 0.6 times and 1.2 times respectively, indicating that the active cyanobacteria dry land fertilizer has a promoting effect on the release of bound phosphorus in the soil. The group microbial abundance and humus content of the group applying the active cyanobacteria dry land fertilizer also increased significantly.

[0158] Although the embodiments of the present invention are disclosed for illustrative purposes, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various substitutions, changes and modifications are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention and the appended claims. Therefore, the scope of the present invention is not limited to the contents disclosed in the embodiments.

Claims

1. A method for preparing an active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) Cultivation of cyanobacteria: Cyanobacteria are inoculated into a culture solution for cultivation to obtain a cyanobacterial culture solution; the OD of the cyanobacterial culture solution is 560 The value is not less than 0.2, blue-green algae filaments are observed under the microscope, and the rate of other miscellaneous algae is less than 3%; rhizobia are inoculated before, after, during or after cultivation or after harvesting; (2) Harvesting cyanobacteria: concentrating the bacterial solution obtained in step (1) to remove the extracellular culture fluid to obtain a concentrated cyanobacteria slurry; (3) rinsing the cyanobacteria concentrated slurry: rinsing the cyanobacteria concentrated slurry with a glycerol or trehalose solution having a volume concentration of 0.1% to 15%, and then concentrating and removing the glycerol or trehalose solution to obtain the rinsed cyanobacteria concentrated slurry, which is then mixed with a matrix material to obtain a cyanobacteria embedding material; (4) Drying and crushing cyanobacteria: drying and crushing the cyanobacteria embedding material obtained in step (3) into uniform particles to obtain active cyanobacteria dry powder; (5) Adding active cyanobacteria dry powder to plant fertilizer or edible fungus fertilizer or water or soil improvement products to obtain active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer.

2. The method for preparing an active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer additive according to claim 1, wherein: The cyanobacteria is at least one of Oscillatoria, Calothrix, Gloeotrichia, Cylindros permum, Anabaena azollae, Tolypothrix, Nostoc commune, Nostoc flagelliforme, Anabaena azotica, and Aphanizomenon; and the rhizobium is a Rhizobium family bacterium that can form a symbiotic or parasitic relationship with the cyanobacteria.

3. The method for preparing active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (1), the rhizobium is inoculated at a concentration not higher than one-half of the concentration of cyanobacteria; in the step (3), the rinsing time of the concentrated cyanobacteria slurry is maintained within 2 hours; in the step (3), the rinsed concentrated cyanobacteria slurry is fully mixed with a matrix material of 0.1 times or more in volume; in the step (4), the cyanobacteria embedding material is dried under 780-400nm light and 40 degrees Celsius to a humidity of less than 20%, and crushed into particles with a diameter of less than 5 mm.

4. The method for preparing the active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer according to claim 3, wherein: The matrix material is at least one of water-soluble starch, polyglutamic acid, microcrystalline cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, cellulose ether derivatives, chitosan, chitin, sodium alginate, nanocellulose, bacterial cellulose, agar, carrageenan, agarose, cellulose acetate, collagen, polyacrylamide, and highly absorbent resin.

5. The active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer prepared by the preparation method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4.

6. Application of the active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer as claimed in claim 5 in vegetable planting and / or field crops and / or desertified land fields.

7. the application of active cyanobacteria dryland fertilizer as claimed in claim 5 in vegetable planting and / or crop planting and / or afforestation and / or desertification transformation and / or field environment and / or wasteland afforestation to improve soil environment and / or improve soil acidification and / or enrich soil microorganism species.

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