Rapid aging method of aluminum alloy profile and application of rapid aging method

Abstract

The invention discloses a rapid aging method of an aluminum alloy profile and application of the rapid aging method, and belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy heat treatment. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, heating an aluminum alloy profile to 220-240 DEG C at a speed of 2-8 DEG C / min, and preserving heat for 20-30 minutes; then cooling the aluminum alloy profile to 180-200 DEG C at the speed of 1-4 DEG C / min, and continuously keeping the temperature for 30-180 minutes; and finally, the aluminum alloy profile is cooled to the room temperature, and rapid aging of the aluminum alloy profile is completed. The invention further discloses specific application of the rapid aging method to 6063 aluminum alloy profiles, 6005 aluminum alloy profiles, 6061 aluminum alloy profiles and 6082 aluminum alloy profiles. According to the method, precipitation of a strengthening phase is accelerated through high-temperature aging, then low-temperature aging is conducted, it is guaranteed that the strengthening phase is sufficiently precipitated, growth and coarsening of the strengthening phase are prevented, and the strength and hardness of the aluminum alloy profile are improved. The problem that the aging effect and efficiency are difficult to consider at the same time is solved, it is guaranteed that the aluminum alloy profile obtains enough strength and hardness, meanwhile, the aging heat preservation time is shortened by 50% or above, energy consumption is reduced, and the production efficiency of the aluminum alloy profile is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy heat treatment, and in particular relates to a rapid aging method for aluminum alloy profiles and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Aging is a heat treatment process that heats the aluminum alloy profile after solution treatment to a certain temperature and then keeps it at that temperature for a period of time. Aging is an important means to improve the strength and hardness of aluminum alloy profiles and is an indispensable process in the production of aluminum alloy profiles.

[0003] Patent document with publication number CN108193152A discloses an aging process for 6063 aluminum alloy profiles. The aging process is a single-stage aging process with an aging temperature of 170-180°C and an aging time of 7-9 hours, which can enable the 6063 aluminum alloy profiles to obtain better mechanical properties, such as yield strength, tensile strength and elongation after fracture.

[0004] Patent document with publication number CN113502418A discloses a production process of 6005 aluminum alloy and its profiles for solar tracking photovoltaic carriers. The aluminum alloy profiles adopt a low-temperature, long-term single-stage aging process with an aging temperature of 180-190°C and a heat preservation time of 6-8 hours.

[0005] Patent document with publication number CN118581365A discloses a 6082 aluminum alloy sill beam profile for automobiles and a production process thereof. The 6082 aluminum alloy sill beam profile adopts a single-stage aging process with an aging temperature of 170-180° C. and a heat preservation period of 6-9 h.

[0006] Patent document with publication number CN116904814A discloses a 6061 aluminum alloy profile for automobiles and its production process. A two-stage aging process is adopted. After extrusion forming, it is first parked for 12 hours for natural aging and then artificially aged. The artificial aging temperature is 175-185°C and the aging insulation time is 8-9.5 hours. Aluminum alloy profiles with performance higher than national standards are produced.

[0007] Patent document with publication number CN105331910A discloses a two-stage energy-saving aging process for 6063-T5 aluminum profiles, which first keeps the aluminum profile at 175°C for 40 minutes, then keeps the aluminum profile at 195°C for 30 minutes, and finally turns off the power of the aging furnace to "stew" the aluminum profile in the furnace for 40 minutes. This process reduces energy consumption by "stewing" the aluminum profile in the aging furnace for 40 minutes.

[0008] Patent document No. CN111809088A discloses a medium-strength high thermal conductivity aluminum alloy and its rapid aging process, which adopts a two-stage aging process, with the first-stage aging temperature of 230-250°C and the holding time of 1.5-2 h. The second-stage aging temperature is 170-190°C and the holding time is 4-5 h. This process can ensure that the aluminum alloy meets the required mechanical properties and thermal conductivity.

[0009] Patent document No. CN113846279A discloses an ultra-fast aging process for 7075 aluminum alloy and its application, in which the 7075 aluminum alloy is naturally aged at room temperature for 4-8 weeks and then aged at 150-180°C for 2-4 hours. By pre-treating by natural aging first and then artificial aging at high temperature, the purpose of saving man-hours, reducing energy consumption and improving production efficiency is achieved.

[0010] From the results of literature retrieval and production practice, the current aging process of aluminum alloy profiles still has the problem of long insulation time, which not only leads to huge energy loss, but also greatly reduces production efficiency. Therefore, the existing aging method of aluminum alloy profiles still needs to be improved and developed. Summary of the invention

[0011] In view of the problem of long insulation time in the existing aging of aluminum alloy profiles, the present invention provides a rapid aging method for aluminum alloy profiles and its application. By scientifically designing the aging path and process parameters, the insulation time of the aging of aluminum alloy profiles is greatly shortened, energy consumption is reduced, and production efficiency is improved.

[0012] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to achieve the above-mentioned purpose is as follows: A rapid aging method for aluminum alloy profiles comprises the following steps in sequence: Step 1: Heat the aluminum alloy profile to 220-240℃ and keep it warm for 20-30 minutes; Step 2: Cool the aluminum alloy profile to 180-200°C, and then continue to keep it warm for 30-180 minutes; Step 3: Cool the aluminum alloy profile to room temperature to complete the rapid aging of the aluminum alloy profile.

[0013] Preferably, the average heating rate of heating the aluminum alloy profile to 220-240°C in step 1 is 2-8°C / minute. The heating rate of the aluminum alloy profile should not be too slow or too fast. If the heating rate is too slow, the total aging time will be extended and the production efficiency will be reduced. If the heating rate is too fast, the temperature of the aluminum alloy profile will be uneven, and finally the strength and hardness of the aluminum alloy profile will be uneven.

[0014] Preferably, in step 2, the average cooling rate of cooling the aluminum alloy profile to 180-200°C is 1-4°C / minute. If the cooling rate is too slow, the aluminum alloy profile will be over-aged, and the strength and hardness of the aluminum alloy profile will be insufficient. If the cooling rate is too fast, the temperature of the aluminum alloy profile will be uneven, and the strength and hardness of the aluminum alloy profile will be uneven.

[0015] Preferably, cooling the aluminum alloy profile to room temperature in step three refers to removing the aluminum alloy profile from the aging furnace and slowly cooling the aluminum alloy profile at room temperature, or blowing air to cool the aluminum alloy profile to accelerate the cooling speed of the aluminum alloy profile, shorten the cooling time, and improve production efficiency.

[0016] The application of the aluminum alloy profile rapid aging method on 6063 aluminum alloy profiles comprises the following steps in sequence: Step 1: Heat the 6063 aluminum alloy profile to 220-230℃, and then keep it warm for 20-30 minutes; Step 2: Cool the 6063 aluminum alloy profile to 190-200°C, and then continue to keep it warm for 30-60 minutes; Step 3: Cool the 6063 aluminum alloy profile to room temperature to complete the rapid aging of the 6063 aluminum alloy profile.

[0017] The application of the aluminum alloy profile rapid aging method on 6005 aluminum alloy profiles comprises the following steps in sequence: Step 1: Heat the 6005 aluminum alloy profile to 220-230℃, and then keep it warm for 20-30 minutes; Step 2: Cool the 6005 aluminum alloy profile to 190-200°C, and then continue to keep it warm for 60-90 minutes; Step 3: Cool the 6005 aluminum alloy profile to room temperature to complete the rapid aging of the 6005 aluminum alloy profile.

[0018] The application of the aluminum alloy profile rapid aging method on 6061 aluminum alloy profiles comprises the following steps in sequence: Step 1: Heat the 6061 aluminum alloy profile to 230-240℃, and then keep it warm for 20-30 minutes; Step 2: Cool the 6061 aluminum alloy profile to 180-190°C, and then continue to keep warm for 90-120 minutes; Step 3: Cool the 6061 aluminum alloy profile to room temperature to complete the rapid aging of the 6061 aluminum alloy profile.

[0019] The application of the aluminum alloy profile rapid aging method on 6082 aluminum alloy profiles comprises the following steps in sequence: Step 1: Heat the 6082 aluminum alloy profile to 230-240℃, and then keep it warm for 20-30 minutes; Step 2: Cool the 6082 aluminum alloy profile to 180-190°C, and then keep it warm for 120-180 minutes; Step 3: Cool the 6082 aluminum alloy profile to room temperature to complete the rapid aging of the 6082 aluminum alloy profile.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the present invention first performs high-temperature aging on the aluminum alloy profile, which can significantly accelerate the precipitation of the strengthening phase inside the aluminum alloy profile, and then performs low-temperature aging to fully precipitate the strengthening phase, thereby improving the strength and hardness of the aluminum alloy profile, and at the same time preventing the growth and coarsening of the strengthening phase, which may cause the aluminum alloy profile to be over-aged. The technical solution of the present invention solves the contradiction between the aging effect and the aging efficiency in the aging of aluminum alloy profiles, which can not only improve the strength and hardness of the aluminum alloy profile, but also shorten the aging insulation time of the aluminum alloy profile by more than 50%, thereby achieving the dual effects of reducing energy consumption and improving production efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 The figure is a process flow chart of the rapid aging of aluminum alloy profiles according to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] Example 1 The rapid aging method of 6063 aluminum alloy profiles comprises the following steps in sequence: step 1: heating the 6063 aluminum alloy profile to 225°C at an average heating rate of 5°C / min, and then keeping it warm for 25 minutes; step 2: cooling the 6063 aluminum alloy profile to 195°C at an average cooling rate of 3°C / min, and then continuing to keep it warm for 45 minutes; step 3: cooling the 6063 aluminum alloy profile to room temperature to complete the rapid aging of the 6063 aluminum alloy profile.

[0023] Example 2 The rapid aging method of 6063 aluminum alloy profiles comprises the following steps in sequence: step 1: heating the 6063 aluminum alloy profile to 230°C at an average heating rate of 2°C / min, and then keeping it warm for 20 minutes; step 2: cooling the 6063 aluminum alloy profile to 190°C at an average cooling rate of 4°C / min, and then continuing to keep it warm for 60 minutes; step 3: cooling the 6063 aluminum alloy profile to room temperature to complete the rapid aging of the 6063 aluminum alloy profile.

[0024] Example 3 The rapid aging method of 6063 aluminum alloy profiles comprises the following steps in sequence: step 1: heating the 6063 aluminum alloy profile to 220°C at an average heating rate of 8°C / min, and then keeping it warm for 30 minutes; step 2: cooling the 6063 aluminum alloy profile to 200°C at an average cooling rate of 1°C / min, and then continuing to keep it warm for 30 minutes; step 3: cooling the 6063 aluminum alloy profile to room temperature to complete the rapid aging of the 6063 aluminum alloy profile.

[0025] Example 4 The rapid aging method of 6005 aluminum alloy profiles comprises the following steps in sequence: step 1: heating the 6005 aluminum alloy profile to 220°C at an average heating rate of 2°C / min, and then keeping it warm for 30 minutes; step 2: cooling the 6005 aluminum alloy profile to 190°C at an average cooling rate of 4°C / min, and then continuing to keep it warm for 90 minutes; step 3: cooling the 6005 aluminum alloy profile to room temperature to complete the rapid aging of the 6005 aluminum alloy profile.

[0026] Example 5 The rapid aging method of 6005 aluminum alloy profiles comprises the following steps in sequence: step 1: heating the 6005 aluminum alloy profile to 230°C at an average heating rate of 8°C / min, and then keeping it warm for 20 minutes; step 2: cooling the 6005 aluminum alloy profile to 200°C at an average cooling rate of 3°C / min, and then continuing to keep it warm for 60 minutes; step 3: cooling the 6005 aluminum alloy profile to room temperature to complete the rapid aging of the 6005 aluminum alloy profile.

[0027] Example 6 The rapid aging method of 6005 aluminum alloy profiles comprises the following steps in sequence: step 1: heating the 6005 aluminum alloy profile to 225°C at an average heating rate of 4°C / min, and then keeping it warm for 25 minutes; step 2: cooling the 6005 aluminum alloy profile to 195°C at an average cooling rate of 1°C / min, and then continuing to keep it warm for 75 minutes; step 3: cooling the 6005 aluminum alloy profile to room temperature to complete the rapid aging of the 6005 aluminum alloy profile.

[0028] Example 7 The rapid aging method of 6061 aluminum alloy profiles comprises the following steps in sequence: step 1: heating the 6061 aluminum alloy profile to 240°C at an average heating rate of 7°C / min, and then keeping it warm for 20 minutes; step 2: cooling the 6061 aluminum alloy profile to 190°C at an average cooling rate of 2°C / min, and then continuing to keep it warm for 90 minutes; step 3: cooling the 6061 aluminum alloy profile to room temperature to complete the rapid aging of the 6061 aluminum alloy profile.

[0029] Example 8 The rapid aging method of 6061 aluminum alloy profiles comprises the following steps in sequence: step 1: heating the 6061 aluminum alloy profile to 235°C at an average heating rate of 8°C / min, and then keeping it warm for 25 minutes; step 2: cooling the 6061 aluminum alloy profile to 185°C at an average cooling rate of 1°C / min, and then continuing to keep it warm for 105 minutes; step 3: cooling the 6061 aluminum alloy profile to room temperature to complete the rapid aging of the 6061 aluminum alloy profile.

[0030] Example 9 The rapid aging method of 6061 aluminum alloy profiles comprises the following steps in sequence: step 1: heating the 6061 aluminum alloy profile to 230°C at an average heating rate of 2°C / min, and then keeping it warm for 30 minutes; step 2: cooling the 6061 aluminum alloy profile to 180°C at an average cooling rate of 4°C / min, and then continuing to keep it warm for 120 minutes; step 3: cooling the 6061 aluminum alloy profile to room temperature to complete the rapid aging of the 6061 aluminum alloy profile.

[0031] Example 10 The rapid aging method of 6082 aluminum alloy profiles includes the following steps in sequence: Step 1: heating the 6082 aluminum alloy profile to 235°C at an average heating rate of 3°C / min, and then keeping it warm for 25 minutes; Step 2: cooling the 6082 aluminum alloy profile to 185°C at an average cooling rate of 2°C / min, and then continuing to keep it warm for 150 minutes; Step 3: cooling the 6082 aluminum alloy profile to room temperature to complete the rapid aging of the 6082 aluminum alloy profile.

[0032] Embodiment 11 The rapid aging method of 6082 aluminum alloy profiles includes the following steps in sequence: Step 1: heating the 6082 aluminum alloy profile to 240°C at an average heating rate of 2°C / min, and then keeping it warm for 20 minutes; Step 2: cooling the 6082 aluminum alloy profile to 180°C at an average cooling rate of 4°C / min, and then continuing to keep it warm for 180 minutes; Step 3: cooling the 6082 aluminum alloy profile to room temperature to complete the rapid aging of the 6082 aluminum alloy profile.

[0033] Example 12 The rapid aging method of 6082 aluminum alloy profiles includes the following steps in sequence: Step 1: heating the 6082 aluminum alloy profile to 230°C at an average heating rate of 8°C / min, and then keeping it warm for 30 minutes; Step 2: cooling the 6082 aluminum alloy profile to 190°C at an average cooling rate of 1°C / min, and then continuing to keep it warm for 120 minutes; Step 3: cooling the 6082 aluminum alloy profile to room temperature to complete the rapid aging of the 6082 aluminum alloy profile.

[0034] Embodiment 13 The rapid aging method of 6063 aluminum alloy profiles comprises the following steps in sequence: step 1: heating the 6063 aluminum alloy profile to 215°C at an average heating rate of 5°C / min, and then keeping it warm for 25 minutes; step 2: cooling the 6063 aluminum alloy profile to 195°C at an average cooling rate of 3°C / min, and then continuing to keep it warm for 45 minutes; step 3: cooling the 6063 aluminum alloy profile to room temperature to complete the rapid aging of the 6063 aluminum alloy profile.

[0035] Embodiment 14 The rapid aging method of 6005 aluminum alloy profiles comprises the following steps in sequence: step 1: heating the 6005 aluminum alloy profile to 240°C at an average heating rate of 2°C / min, and then keeping it warm for 30 minutes; step 2: cooling the 6005 aluminum alloy profile to 190°C at an average cooling rate of 4°C / min, and then continuing to keep it warm for 90 minutes; step 3: cooling the 6005 aluminum alloy profile to room temperature to complete the rapid aging of the 6005 aluminum alloy profile.

[0036] Embodiment 15 The rapid aging method of 6061 aluminum alloy profiles includes the following steps in sequence: Step 1: heating the 6061 aluminum alloy profile to 240°C at an average heating rate of 7°C / min, and then keeping it warm for 20 minutes; Step 2: cooling the 6061 aluminum alloy profile to 200°C at an average cooling rate of 2°C / min, and then continuing to keep it warm for 90 minutes; Step 3: cooling the 6061 aluminum alloy profile to room temperature to complete the rapid aging of the 6061 aluminum alloy profile.

[0037] Example 16 The rapid aging method of 6082 aluminum alloy profiles includes the following steps in sequence: Step 1: heating the 6082 aluminum alloy profile to 235°C at an average heating rate of 3°C / min, and then keeping it warm for 25 minutes; Step 2: cooling the 6082 aluminum alloy profile to 185°C at an average cooling rate of 2°C / min, and then continuing to keep it warm for 100 minutes; Step 3: cooling the 6082 aluminum alloy profile to room temperature to complete the rapid aging of the 6082 aluminum alloy profile.

[0038] It can be seen from Examples 1-12 that the insulation time for rapid aging of 6063 aluminum alloy profiles is less than 90 minutes. The insulation time for rapid aging of 6005 aluminum alloy profiles is less than 120 minutes. The insulation time for rapid aging of 6061 aluminum alloy profiles is less than 150 minutes. The insulation time for rapid aging of 6082 aluminum alloy profiles is less than 210 minutes. Compared with the existing single-stage aging process for similar aluminum alloy profiles, the insulation time for rapid aging of aluminum alloy profiles using the technical solution of the present invention is shortened by more than 50%. The substantial shortening of the aging insulation time is conducive to reducing energy consumption and improving the production efficiency of aging.

[0039] Samples were taken from the aluminum alloy profiles after rapid aging in Example 1-16 to test the tensile mechanical properties and Webster hardness of the aluminum alloy profiles, and the results are shown in Table 1. As can be seen from Table 1, the tensile strength of the 6063 aluminum alloy profile after rapid aging in Example 1-3 is greater than 220 MPa, the yield strength is greater than 180 MPa, the elongation after fracture is greater than 11%, and the Webster hardness value is greater than 12, which meets the requirements of the national standard GB / T 6892-2015 "General Industrial Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy Extruded Profiles" and GB / T 5237.1-2017 "Aluminum Alloy Building Profiles Part 1: Substrate" for 6063-T6 aluminum alloy profiles. In Example 13, since the temperature in step 1 did not reach 220°C, the strength and hardness of the 6063 aluminum alloy profile after aging did not meet the standards.

[0040] As can be seen from Table 1, the tensile strength of the 6005 aluminum alloy profiles after rapid aging in Examples 4-6 is greater than 270 MPa, the yield strength is greater than 240 MPa, the elongation after fracture is greater than 10%, and the Webster hardness value is greater than 14.5, which meets the requirements of the national standards GB / T 6892-2015 "General Industrial Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy Extrusion Profiles" and GB / T 5237.1-2017 "Aluminum Alloy Building Profiles Part 1: Substrate" for 6005-T6 aluminum alloy profiles. In Example 14, since the temperature in step 1 exceeded 230°C, the strength and hardness of the 6005 aluminum alloy profile after aging did not meet the standards.

[0041] As can be seen from Table 1, the tensile strength of the 6061 aluminum alloy profiles after rapid aging in Examples 7-9 is greater than 280 MPa, the yield strength is greater than 250 MPa, the elongation after fracture is greater than 9%, and the Webster hardness value is greater than 15, which meets the requirements of the national standards GB / T 6892-2015 "General Industrial Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy Extrusion Profiles" and GB / T 5237.1-2017 "Aluminum Alloy Building Profiles Part 1: Substrate" for 6061-T6 aluminum alloy profiles. In Example 15, since the temperature in step 2 exceeded 190°C, the strength and hardness of the 6061 aluminum alloy profile after aging did not meet the standards.

[0042] As can be seen from Table 1, the tensile strength of the 6082 aluminum alloy profiles after rapid aging in Examples 10-12 is greater than 290 MPa, the yield strength is greater than 260 MPa, the elongation after fracture is greater than 10%, and the Webster hardness value is greater than 15.5, which meets the requirements of the national standard GB / T6892-2015 "General Industrial Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy Extrusion Profiles" and GB / T 5237.1-2017 "Aluminum Alloy Building Profiles Part 1: Substrate" for 6082-T6 aluminum alloy profiles. In Example 16, since the insulation time in step 2 is less than 120 minutes, the strength and hardness of the 6082 aluminum alloy profile after aging do not meet the standards.

[0043] Table 1 Tensile mechanical properties and hardness of aluminum alloy profiles after rapid aging .

Claims

1. A rapid aging method for aluminum alloy profiles, characterized in that: The following steps are included in sequence: Step 1: Heat the aluminum alloy profile to 220-240℃ and keep it warm for 20-30 minutes; Step 2: Cool the aluminum alloy profile to 180-200°C, and then continue to keep it warm for 30-180 minutes; Step 3: Cool the aluminum alloy profile to room temperature to complete the rapid aging of the aluminum alloy profile.

2. The rapid aging method for aluminum alloy profiles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The average heating rate of heating the aluminum alloy profile to 220-240°C in step 1 is 2-8°C / minute; and / or the average cooling rate of cooling the aluminum alloy profile to 180-200°C in step 2 is 1-4°C / minute.

3. A rapid aging method for 6063 aluminum alloy profiles, characterized in that: The rapid aging method according to claim 1 is used.

4. The rapid aging method for 6063 aluminum alloy profiles according to claim 3, characterized in that: The following steps are included in sequence: Step 1: Heat the 6063 aluminum alloy profile to 220-230℃, and then keep it warm for 20-30 minutes; Step 2: Cool the 6063 aluminum alloy profile to 190-200°C, and then keep it warm for 30-60 minutes; Step 3: Cool the 6063 aluminum alloy profile to room temperature to complete the rapid aging of the 6063 aluminum alloy profile.

5. A rapid aging method for 6065 aluminum alloy profiles, characterized in that: The rapid aging method according to claim 1 is used.

6. The rapid aging method for 6005 aluminum alloy profiles according to claim 5, characterized in that: The following steps are included in sequence: Step 1: Heat the 6005 aluminum alloy profile to 220-230℃, and then keep it warm for 20-30 minutes; Step 2: Cool the 6005 aluminum alloy profile to 190-200°C, and then continue to keep it warm for 60-90 minutes; Step 3: Cool the 6005 aluminum alloy profile to room temperature to complete the rapid aging of the 6005 aluminum alloy profile.

7. A rapid aging method for 6061 aluminum alloy profiles, characterized in that: The rapid aging method according to claim 1 is used.

8. The rapid aging method for 6061 aluminum alloy profiles according to claim 7, characterized in that: The following steps are included in sequence: Step 1: Heat the 6061 aluminum alloy profile to 230-240℃, and then keep it warm for 20-30 minutes; Step 2: Cool the 6061 aluminum alloy profile to 180-190°C, and then keep it warm for 90-120 minutes; Step 3: Cool the 6061 aluminum alloy profile to room temperature to complete the rapid aging of the 6061 aluminum alloy profile.

9. A rapid aging method for 6082 aluminum alloy profiles, characterized in that: The rapid aging method according to claim 1 is used.

10. The rapid aging method for 6082 aluminum alloy profiles according to claim 9, characterized in that: The following steps are included in sequence: Step 1: Heat the 6082 aluminum alloy profile to 230-240℃, and then keep it warm for 20-30 minutes; Step 2: Cool the 6082 aluminum alloy profile to 180-190°C, and then keep it warm for 120-180 minutes; Step 3: Cool the 6082 aluminum alloy profile to room temperature to complete the rapid aging of the 6082 aluminum alloy profile.

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