Control system and test method for water electrolysis hydrogen production device

Abstract

The invention discloses a control system and method for a water electrolysis hydrogen production device. The system comprises a back pressure stabilizing unit, a data acquisition unit, a prediction unit and a control unit, wherein the back pressure stabilizing unit is used for stabilizing SOEC back pressure; the back pressure stabilizing unit is connected with a cathode outlet of the SOEC stack, and comprises a back pressure sensor arranged at the upstream of the cathode heat exchange and cooling unit, a first pressure regulating valve arranged at the downstream of the cathode heat exchange and cooling unit, and a variable frequency speed regulating induced draft fan; the data acquisition unit is used for acquiring operation data of various operation parameters of the control system for the water electrolysis hydrogen production device; the prediction unit is used for taking the current value of the preset operation data as input, and generating a prediction result comprising the predicted value of the back pressure in the preset time period according to the prediction model; and the control unit is used for generating an adjusting instruction of the pressure regulating valve and / or the variable-frequency and variable-speed induced draft fan according to the prediction result. According to the method, preventive first feed control can be carried out, excessive fluctuation of the cathode backpressure of the SOEC stack is effectively avoided, and the stability of the backpressure of the SOEC stack is further effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of water electrolysis hydrogen production, and in particular to a control system and a testing method for a water electrolysis hydrogen production device. Background Art

[0002] There are three main ways to produce hydrogen by electrolysis of water using renewable energy: alkaline electrolysis of water, proton exchange membrane electrolysis of water, and solid oxide electrolysis of water.

[0003] Solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) water electrolysis hydrogen production technology is the mainstream water electrolysis hydrogen production technology in the future because of its high electrolysis efficiency (over 90%), and can be integrated with existing petrochemical equipment to efficiently utilize the abundant waste heat of petrochemical equipment, reduce power consumption, and improve the overall efficiency of the system.

[0004] During the operation of the high-temperature solid oxide water electrolysis hydrogen production device, large fluctuations in the SOEC back pressure will affect the operation of the entire system and even cause damage to the equipment. Therefore, maintaining the stability of the SOEC back pressure is an important indicator of the system's operating performance.

[0005] The inventors have found through research that in the prior art, the method of adjusting the SOEC back pressure through the traditional PID control system has a slow response speed and thus a poor control effect.

[0006] The information disclosed in this background technology section is only intended to enhance the understanding of the overall background of the invention and should not be regarded as an acknowledgment or any form of suggestion that the information constitutes the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to obtain better stability of SOEC back pressure by improving the adjustment response speed of SOEC back pressure.

[0008] The present invention provides a control system for a device for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water, wherein the control system for the device for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water is for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water by high-temperature solid oxide, and comprises a gas supply device for providing a gas meeting preset requirements to a solid oxide electrolytic cell SOEC, and a heating unit for controlling the working temperature of the SOEC; the control system is characterized in that the control system comprises: a back pressure stabilizing unit for stabilizing the back pressure of the SOEC, a data acquisition unit, a prediction unit, and a control unit;

[0009] The back pressure stabilization unit is connected to the cathode outlet of the SOEC stack, and includes a back pressure sensor arranged upstream of the cathode heat exchange and cooling unit, a first pressure regulating valve and a variable frequency speed regulating induced draft fan arranged downstream of the cathode heat exchange and cooling unit;

[0010] The data acquisition unit is used to obtain operation data of various operation parameters of the control system for the water electrolysis hydrogen production device;

[0011] The prediction unit is used to take the current value of the preset operation data as input, and generate a prediction result including a predicted value of the back pressure of the cathode of the SOEC stack after a preset time period according to a preset prediction model;

[0012] The control unit is used to generate adjustment instructions for the pressure regulating valve and / or the variable frequency speed regulating induced draft fan according to the prediction result.

[0013] Preferably, in the present invention, the method for constructing the prediction model comprises:

[0014] Obtaining historical operating data with a time series for each operating parameter of the water electrolysis hydrogen production device; the operating parameters include one or more of liquid water mass flow rate, cathode inlet gas temperature, cathode inlet protection hydrogen volume flow rate, cathode inlet gas component, cathode inlet gas pressure, anode inlet air temperature, anode inlet air pressure, anode inlet air flow rate, stack / module average temperature, electrolysis voltage, electrolysis current, cathode outlet gas mass flow rate, cathode outlet gas component, anode outlet gas flow rate, anode outlet gas component, pressure regulating valve valve opening and induced draft fan speed;

[0015] The historical operation data is used as modeling data, and the modeling data is trained based on BP neural network technology to generate a prediction model with the back pressure of the cathode of the SOEC stack as output.

[0016] Preferably, in the present invention, the prediction result of the prediction model also includes the adjustment amount of the pressure regulating valve and / or the variable frequency speed regulating induced draft fan, and the method for generating the adjustment amount includes:

[0017] When the back pressure prediction value is greater than a first preset threshold, or when the difference between the intake pressure data and the back pressure prediction value is less than a second preset threshold, obtaining current back pressure data of the cathode of the SOEC stack;

[0018] According to the back pressure prediction value and the current back pressure data of the cathode of the SOEC stack, with the goal of making the back pressure data of the cathode of the SOEC stack after the preset time period be within the preset range, the adjustment amount of the pressure regulating valve and / or the variable frequency speed regulating induced draft fan is calculated and generated by the BP neural network of the prediction model.

[0019] In the present invention, a control method for a water electrolysis hydrogen production device is also provided, which is used for the control system of the water electrolysis hydrogen production device, comprising the steps of:

[0020] S11, acquiring in real time current operating data of a plurality of preset operating parameters including current back pressure data of the cathode of the SOEC stack;

[0021] S12, taking the current operation data of a plurality of preset operation parameters as input, generating a prediction result including a predicted value of the back pressure of the cathode of the SOEC stack after a preset time period according to a preset prediction model;

[0022] S13. Generate adjustment instructions for the pressure regulating valve and / or the variable frequency speed regulating induced draft fan according to the prediction result.

[0023] Preferably, in the present invention, the prediction result further includes:

[0024] When the back pressure prediction value is greater than a first preset threshold, or when the difference between the intake pressure data and the back pressure prediction value is less than a second preset threshold, the adjustment amount of the pressure regulating valve and / or the variable frequency speed regulating induced draft fan is calculated and generated by the BP neural network of the prediction model based on the back pressure prediction value and the current back pressure data, with the goal of making the back pressure data after the preset time period fall within a preset range.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] The control system for the water electrolysis hydrogen production device in the present invention is provided with a gas supply device and a heating unit for the gas of the SOEC of the test object. In addition, in order to stabilize the back pressure of the SOEC, the present invention is also provided with a back pressure stabilization unit and a control unit; the cathode pressure stabilization component included in the back pressure stabilization unit in the present invention further includes a back pressure sensor, a liquid separator or a pressure buffer tank, a first pressure regulating valve, a variable frequency speed regulating induced draft fan and a hydrogen booster; the present invention obtains the current operating data including multiple preset operating parameters in real time; then, with the current operating data of multiple preset operating parameters as input, a prediction result including a back pressure prediction value after a preset time period can be generated according to a preset prediction model, and then the corresponding pressure regulating valve and\or variable frequency speed regulating induced draft fan adjustment instructions are generated; in this way, the pressure difference of the cathode pipeline of the SOEC stack can be adjusted by changing the size of the pressure regulating valve or the power of the variable frequency speed regulating induced draft fan, thereby stabilizing the SOEC back pressure.

[0027] Since in the present invention, the cathode back pressure of the SOEC stack after a preset time can be obtained through the prediction model, preventive feedforward control can be performed in advance, which can effectively avoid excessive fluctuations in the cathode back pressure of the SOEC stack, thereby effectively improving the stability of the SOEC back pressure.

[0028] In addition, the present invention is not only applicable to the water electrolysis hydrogen production device itself, but also can be used in the test system of the water electrolysis hydrogen production device, that is, the present invention is provided with a gas supply device, a heating unit, a back pressure stabilization unit and a control unit, which can not only perform performance tests on large single fuel cells within a larger power range, but also perform performance tests on modules composed of multiple small or medium-sized fuel cells; further, the present invention can also test the changes in electrolysis performance of different series and parallel combinations of multiple fuel cells, thereby obtaining a more compact and efficient multi-fuel cell matching module.

[0029] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present invention and implement it according to the contents of the specification, and to make the above and other purposes, technical features and advantages of the present invention easier to understand, one or more preferred embodiments are listed below and described in detail with the accompanying drawings as follows. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0031] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the control system for the hydrogen production device by electrolysis of water described in the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the back pressure stabilization unit described in the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 is another structural schematic diagram of the back pressure stabilization unit described in the present invention;

[0034] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the air supply pipeline in the present invention.

[0035] Figure 5 This is another structural schematic diagram of the air supply pipeline described in the present invention.

[0036] Figure 6 is another structural schematic diagram of the gas supplement pipeline of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 7 It is a step diagram of the control method for the water electrolysis hydrogen production device described in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The specific implementation modes of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but it should be understood that the protection scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific implementation modes.

[0039] Unless explicitly stated otherwise, throughout the specification and claims, the term “comprise” or variations such as “include” or “comprising”, etc., will be understood to include the stated elements or components but not to exclude other elements or components.

[0040] In this document, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used to distinguish two different elements or parts, and are not used to limit a specific position or relative relationship. In other words, in some embodiments, the terms "first", "second", etc. can also be interchangeable.

[0041] Embodiment 1

[0042] In order to evaluate the performance of some key equipment or systems of high-temperature solid oxide water electrolysis hydrogen production device, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 In an embodiment of the present invention, a control system for a water electrolysis hydrogen production device is provided, comprising: a gas supply device 01 for providing a gas meeting preset requirements to a solid oxide electrolysis cell SOEC, a heating unit 02 (i.e., a heating furnace or a heating box) for controlling the working temperature of the SOEC, a back pressure stabilization unit 03 for stabilizing the back pressure of the SOEC, a data acquisition unit (not shown in the figure), a prediction unit (not shown in the figure), and a control unit (not shown in the figure);

[0043] The back pressure stabilization unit 03 is connected to the cathode outlet of the SOEC stack, and includes a back pressure sensor 32 arranged upstream of the cathode heat exchange and cooling unit 31, a first pressure regulating valve 33 and a variable frequency speed regulating induced draft fan 34 arranged downstream of the cathode heat exchange and cooling unit 31; the control unit uses the back pressure data collected by the back pressure sensor 32 and the intake pressure data collected by the intake sensor 35 arranged at the cathode inlet of the SOEC stack as parameters, and generates control instructions for the first pressure regulating valve 33 and / or the variable frequency speed regulating induced draft fan 34 according to preset rules.

[0044] Preferably, the air supply device 01 in the embodiment of the present invention may include a water purification unit 11 , a steam generation unit 12 , an air unit 13 , an auxiliary air supply unit 14 and a mixing unit 15 .

[0045] In practical applications, the water purification unit 11 in the embodiment of the present invention may include an ultrapure water machine and an ultrapure water storage tank, which is used to purify laboratory tap water or demineralized water of industrial equipment into ultrapure water suitable for SOEC electrolysis and store it, and then control the operation time of the ultrapure water machine according to the liquid level of the ultrapure water storage tank;

[0046] The steam generation unit 12 includes a steam generator for converting ultrapure water into steam; the auxiliary gas supply unit includes a gas cylinder or a gas supply station for supplying the purge nitrogen required for SOEC electrolysis and the protective hydrogen required for the cathode of SOEC; the mixing unit 15 is used to mix steam and hydrogen into hydrogen-containing mixed steam and avoid the occurrence of condensed water; the air unit 13 includes an air compressor, a flow meter and a control valve, which is used to continuously supply air for transporting oxygen to the anode of SOEC.

[0047] The heating unit 02 in the embodiment of the present invention may include a heating furnace or a heating box adapted to a single fuel cell stack or a module consisting of multiple fuel cell stacks.

[0048] In practical applications, the embodiment of the present invention may further include: an anode heat exchange and cooling unit 36, a gas drying and purification unit 37, and a hydrogen storage unit 38, wherein:

[0049] The anode heat exchange and cooling unit 36 ​​and the cathode heat exchange and cooling unit 31 are used to fully utilize the high-temperature heat and reduce cooling losses, thereby improving the thermal efficiency of the system;

[0050] The gas drying and purification unit 37 is connected to the hydrogen booster (not shown) behind the variable frequency speed regulating induced draft fan 34 to remove water vapor and impurities in the hydrogen produced by electrolysis of water to ensure the high purity of the hydrogen product;

[0051] The hydrogen storage unit 38 is used to store product hydrogen through a hydrogen storage tank and recycle part of the hydrogen as cathodic protection hydrogen and purge hydrogen.

[0052] Preferably, the anode back pressure stabilization unit in the embodiment of the present invention includes an anode voltage stabilization component 39 connected to the anode outlet of the SOEC stack; the anode voltage stabilization component 39 may specifically include a liquid separator tank, a back pressure valve and a variable frequency speed regulating induced draft fan.

[0053] Furthermore, the present invention can be applied not only to the water electrolysis hydrogen production device itself, but also to the test system of the water electrolysis hydrogen production device; when used in the test system of the water electrolysis hydrogen production device, specifically, in the embodiment of the present invention, when a module composed of multiple battery stacks or a large single battery stack is installed in the heating furnace or the heating box, multiple pressure rods are used for pressure rod weighting. Furthermore, in the embodiment of the present invention, the pressure rod can preferably be a conductive rod.

[0054] The embodiments of the present invention can use not only a single ceramic pressure rod to weigh a large single battery stack or a module composed of multiple battery stacks, but also multiple pressure rods to weigh the battery; multiple pressure rods are beneficial to uniform pressure distribution; preferably, for a large single battery stack or a large module, two or more external conductive rods can be used as pressure rods, that is, the conductive rods are used for both conduction and as weight-bearing elements, which is simple and convenient.

[0055] In an embodiment of the present invention, a data acquisition unit is used to obtain operating data of various operating parameters of a water electrolysis hydrogen production device; a prediction unit is used to take a current value of preset operating data as input, and generate a prediction result including a predicted value of the back pressure of the cathode of the SOEC stack after a preset time period according to a preset prediction model; and a control unit is used to generate adjustment instructions for the pressure regulating valve and / or the variable frequency speed regulating induced draft fan according to the prediction result.

[0056] In practical applications, the data acquisition unit obtains operating data of various operating parameters by communicating with various detection devices (including instruments or sensors, etc.) of the water electrolysis hydrogen production device; typical operating parameters may include liquid water mass flow rate, cathode inlet gas temperature, cathode inlet protection hydrogen volume flow rate, cathode inlet gas component, cathode inlet gas pressure, anode inlet air temperature, anode inlet air pressure, anode inlet air flow rate, stack / module average temperature, electrolysis voltage, electrolysis current, cathode outlet gas mass flow rate, cathode outlet gas component, anode outlet gas flow rate, anode outlet gas component, pressure regulating valve opening and induced draft fan speed, etc.; it should be noted that the data acquisition unit in the embodiment of the present invention can not only realize data acquisition, but also realize data processing and data storage to convert the real-time collected operating data into input data that can be used for the prediction model.

[0057] The prediction model of the embodiment of the present invention is based on the current value of the preset operating data as input, and its prediction result includes at least the predicted value of the back pressure of the cathode of the SOEC stack after a preset time period; preferably, the adjustment amount of the pressure regulating valve and / or the variable frequency speed regulating induced draft fan can be further calculated.

[0058] The prediction model of the embodiment of the present invention is generated based on the historical operation data of the water electrolysis hydrogen production device, and the specific method includes:

[0059] Obtaining historical operating data with a time series for each operating parameter of the water electrolysis hydrogen production device; the operating parameters include one or more of liquid water mass flow rate, cathode inlet gas temperature, cathode inlet protection hydrogen volume flow rate, cathode inlet gas component, cathode inlet gas pressure, anode inlet air temperature, anode inlet air pressure, anode inlet air flow rate, stack / module average temperature, electrolysis voltage, electrolysis current, cathode outlet gas mass flow rate, cathode outlet gas component, anode outlet gas flow rate, anode outlet gas component, pressure regulating valve valve opening and induced draft fan speed;

[0060] The historical operation data is used as modeling data, and the modeling data is trained based on BP neural network technology to generate a prediction model with the back pressure of the cathode of the SOEC stack as output.

[0061] In a specific example of building a prediction model, the specific process can be as follows:

[0062] A variety of measuring instruments are set up to collect a large amount of raw operating data with time series of various operating parameters of the SOEC system in real time, and send them to the data acquisition unit; the data acquisition unit can process the raw operating data into operating data that can be used as modeling data.

[0063] In a continuous period of time, sufficient modeling data for input data and output data for training the neural network can be obtained by running SOEC; specifically, the input data of the neural network of the prediction model can be selected from liquid water mass flow, cathode inlet gas temperature, cathode inlet protection hydrogen volume flow, cathode inlet gas component, cathode inlet gas pressure, anode inlet air temperature, anode inlet air pressure, anode inlet air flow, stack / module average temperature, electrolysis voltage, electrolysis current, cathode outlet gas mass flow, cathode outlet gas component, anode outlet gas flow, anode outlet gas component, pressure regulating valve opening and induced draft fan speed; the output data of the neural network is the predicted value of the back pressure of the cathode of the SOEC stack;

[0064] Processing the original running data into running data that can be used as modeling data may include: performing missing value processing, outlier processing, feature analysis, and correlation analysis on the original running data, integrating the data using a normalization method based on MinMaxScaler, and dividing the data into training data sets and test data sets.

[0065] Next, we built a Whale Algorithm (WOA) optimized LSTM neural network long short-term memory path prediction model (WOA-LSTM neural network). LSTM, as a long short-term memory time recurrent neural network, includes an input layer, a hidden layer, a recurrent layer, and an output layer; the back pressure of the cathode of the SOEC stack is used as the output to realize the construction of the LSTM neural network.

[0066] The LSTM layer is optimized through the whale swarm algorithm, and the hyperparameters such as the number of hidden layers of the neural network in the LSTM model are taken as optimization objects. The WOA-LSTM model is constructed, and the modeling data is imported into the constructed neural network model for iterative training.

[0067] The trained WOA-LSTM model and the current value of the preset operating data are used as input for prediction to predict the back pressure of the cathode of the SOEC stack at the next time node or multiple consecutive time nodes in the future.

[0068] The back pressure prediction value and the current back pressure data of the cathode of the SOEC stack are transmitted to the PID control system combined with the BP neural network, and the adjustment amount of the pressure regulating valve and / or the variable frequency speed regulating induced draft fan is calculated and generated according to the BP neural network.

[0069] In addition, in the embodiment of the present invention, the predicted value of the back pressure of the cathode of the SOEC stack after a preset time period can be obtained only by the prediction model, and then the adjustment instructions of the pressure regulating valve and / or the variable frequency speed regulating induced draft fan can be generated according to the back pressure prediction value according to the preset rules, which can specifically include:

[0070] When the back pressure prediction value is greater than the first preset threshold, or when the difference between the intake pressure data and the back pressure prediction value is less than the second preset threshold, an adjustment instruction for starting the variable frequency speed regulating induced draft fan is generated. The first preset threshold and the second preset threshold in the embodiment of the present invention can be determined by those skilled in the art based on experience or a limited number of experiments, and are not specifically limited here.

[0071] It should be noted that excessive back pressure at the cathode of the SOEC stack and too small a difference between the intake pressure data and the back pressure will affect the normal operation of the SOEC. For this reason, in an embodiment of the present invention, the variable frequency speed regulating induced draft fan is started to induce air, thereby avoiding poor hydrogen flow in the SOEC.

[0072] In addition, in order to further improve the stability of back pressure, the embodiments of the present invention may also include: when the variable frequency speed regulation induced draft fan is in the starting state, the induced air volume of the variable frequency speed regulation induced draft fan is adjusted by the first pressure regulating valve or the output power of the variable frequency speed regulation induced draft fan according to the back pressure fluctuation of the cathode of the SOEC stack; including, when it is predicted that the back pressure of the cathode of the SOEC stack will increase, the induced air volume is increased.

[0073] In summary, the control system for the water electrolysis hydrogen production device in the embodiment of the present invention is provided with a gas supply device and a heating unit for the gas of the SOEC of the test object. In addition, in order to stabilize the back pressure of the SOEC, the present invention is also provided with a back pressure stabilization unit and a control unit; the cathode pressure stabilization component included in the back pressure stabilization unit in the embodiment of the present invention further includes a back pressure sensor, a liquid separator or a pressure buffer tank, a first pressure regulating valve, a variable frequency speed regulating induced draft fan and a hydrogen booster; the embodiment of the present invention obtains the current operating data including multiple preset operating parameters in real time; then, with the current operating data of multiple preset operating parameters as input, a prediction result including a predicted value of the back pressure after a preset time period can be generated according to a preset prediction model, and then the corresponding pressure regulating valve and\or variable frequency speed regulating induced draft fan adjustment instructions are generated; in this way, the pressure difference of the cathode pipeline of the SOEC stack can be adjusted by changing the size of the pressure regulating valve or the power of the variable frequency speed regulating induced draft fan, thereby stabilizing the SOEC back pressure.

[0074] Since in the present invention, the cathode back pressure of the SOEC stack after a preset time can be obtained through the prediction model, preventive feedforward control can be performed in advance, which can effectively avoid excessive fluctuations in the cathode back pressure of the SOEC stack, thereby effectively improving the stability of the SOEC back pressure.

[0075] In addition, the embodiments of the present invention can be applied not only to the water electrolysis hydrogen production device itself, but also to the test system of the water electrolysis hydrogen production device. That is, the present invention is provided with a gas supply device, a heating unit, a back pressure stabilization unit and a control unit, which can not only perform performance tests on large single fuel cells within a larger power range, but also perform performance tests on modules composed of multiple small or medium-sized fuel cells; further, the embodiments of the present invention can also test the changes in electrolysis performance of different series and parallel combinations of multiple fuel cells, thereby obtaining a more compact and efficient multi-fuel cell matching module.

[0076] Embodiment 2

[0077] On the basis of the first embodiment, further, in the embodiment of the present invention, as Figure 3 As shown, the control system for the water electrolysis hydrogen production device can also include an air supply pipeline 04; specifically, the pipeline between the hydrogen storage units is connected to the air inlet end of the air supply pipeline 04; the air outlet end of the air supply pipeline 04 provided with a second pressure regulating valve 41 is connected to the air inlet of the cathode heat exchange and cooling unit 31.

[0078] The inventors have found through research that when the hydrogen production of SOEC is too small, if the smoothness of the transmission of the product crude hydrogen in the cathode pipeline of the SOEC stack is maintained simply by increasing the power of the variable frequency speed regulation induced draft fan, the pressure at the cathode outlet of the SOEC stack will suddenly become too small, thereby causing a negative impact on the working SOEC stack. For this reason, in order to further improve the stability of the SOEC back pressure, the embodiment of the present invention is further provided with a gas replenishment pipeline 04 on the basis of the setting; to replenish the product hydrogen in the hydrogen storage unit to the pipeline at the cathode outlet of the SOEC stack.

[0079] Preferably, in order to avoid a sudden increase in the pressure on the cathode outlet of the SOEC stack when the gas supply pipeline 04 is replenished with hydrogen, refer to Figure 4 and Figure 5In the embodiment of the present invention, the air supply pipeline is configured so that the outlet end of the air supply pipeline 04 is directly connected to the air inlet of the cathode heat exchange and cooling unit 31; the cathode outlet pipeline connected to the cathode outlet of the SOEC stack is vertically connected to the air supply pipeline, or the angle between the cathode outlet pipeline connected to the cathode outlet of the SOEC stack and the air supply pipeline is less than 90 degrees; in this way, the faster supplementary hydrogen in the air supply pipeline 04 will flow in a straight line to the cathode heat exchange and cooling unit 31, and will not generate pressure on the cathode outlet of the SOEC stack, thereby optimizing the stabilizing effect on the SOEC back pressure.

[0080] Corresponding to the air supply pipeline, in the embodiment of the present invention, the specific method of generating the control instruction of the second pressure regulating valve according to the preset rule may include:

[0081] When the back pressure prediction value is less than the third preset threshold value, or when the difference between the intake pressure data and the back pressure prediction value is greater than the fourth preset threshold value, the amount of hydrogen added is adjusted by the second pressure regulating valve to adjust the pressure value at the cathode outlet of the SOEC stack. The third preset threshold value and the fourth preset threshold value in the embodiment of the present invention can be determined by those skilled in the art based on experience or a limited number of experiments, and are not specifically limited here.

[0082] Preferably, reference Figure 6 In an embodiment of the present invention, the cathode heat exchange and cooling unit includes a cathode heat exchange subunit and a cathode cooling subunit; in an embodiment of the present invention, the air supply pipeline 04 is configured such that the air outlet end of the air supply pipeline is disposed between the cathode heat exchange subunit and the cathode cooling subunit.

[0083] Embodiment 3

[0084] On the basis of the first and second embodiments, the present invention also provides a control method for a water electrolysis hydrogen production device, such as Figure 7 As shown, the steps include:

[0085] S11, acquiring in real time current operating data of a plurality of preset operating parameters including current back pressure data of the cathode of the SOEC stack;

[0086] The embodiment of the present invention obtains a predicted value of the back pressure of the cathode of the SOEC stack after a preset time period based on a prediction model, and the input of the prediction model is the current operating data of various operating parameters of the water electrolysis hydrogen production device;

[0087] The current operating data can be obtained through various detection devices (including instruments or sensors, etc.) of the water electrolysis hydrogen production device.

[0088] It should be noted that in practical applications, after obtaining the original operating data, the original operating data can also be processed into input data suitable for the prediction model through conventional data processing methods in machine learning technology.

[0089] S12, taking the current operation data of a plurality of preset operation parameters as input, generating a prediction result including a predicted value of the back pressure of the cathode of the SOEC stack after a preset time period according to a preset prediction model;

[0090] In an embodiment of the present invention, the method for constructing a prediction model specifically includes:

[0091] Obtaining historical operating data with a time series for each operating parameter of the water electrolysis hydrogen production device; the operating parameters include one or more of liquid water mass flow rate, cathode inlet gas temperature, cathode inlet protection hydrogen volume flow rate, cathode inlet gas component, cathode inlet gas pressure, anode inlet air temperature, anode inlet air pressure, anode inlet air flow rate, stack / module average temperature, electrolysis voltage, electrolysis current, cathode outlet gas mass flow rate, cathode outlet gas component, anode outlet gas flow rate, anode outlet gas component, pressure regulating valve valve opening and induced draft fan speed;

[0092] The historical operation data is used as modeling data, and the modeling data is trained based on BP neural network technology to generate a prediction model with the back pressure of the cathode of the SOE stack as output.

[0093] In practical applications, the operation data of various operation parameters can be obtained through various detection devices (including instruments or sensors, etc.) of the water electrolysis hydrogen production device; typical operation parameters may include liquid water mass flow rate, cathode inlet gas temperature, cathode inlet protection hydrogen volume flow rate, cathode inlet gas composition, cathode inlet gas pressure, anode inlet air temperature, anode inlet air pressure, anode inlet air flow rate, stack / module average temperature, electrolysis voltage, electrolysis current, cathode outlet gas mass flow rate, cathode outlet gas composition, anode outlet gas flow rate, anode outlet gas composition, pressure regulating valve valve opening and induced draft fan speed, etc.;

[0094] It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present invention, after the original operation data is obtained, data processing and data storage can also be implemented to convert the real-time collected operation data into input data that can be used for the prediction model.

[0095] The prediction model of the embodiment of the present invention is based on the current value of the preset operating data as input, and its prediction result includes at least the predicted value of the back pressure of the cathode of the SOEC stack after a preset time period; preferably, the adjustment amount of the pressure regulating valve and / or the variable frequency speed regulating induced draft fan can be further calculated.

[0096] In a specific example of building a prediction model, the specific process can be as follows:

[0097] A variety of measuring instruments are set up to collect a large amount of raw operating data with time series of various operating parameters of the SOEC system in real time, and send them to the data acquisition unit; the data acquisition unit can process the raw operating data into operating data that can be used as modeling data.

[0098] In a continuous period of time, sufficient modeling data for input data and output data for training the neural network can be obtained by running SOEC; specifically, the input data of the neural network of the prediction model can be selected from liquid water mass flow, cathode inlet gas temperature, cathode inlet protection hydrogen volume flow, cathode inlet gas component, cathode inlet gas pressure, anode inlet air temperature, anode inlet air pressure, anode inlet air flow, stack / module average temperature, electrolysis voltage, electrolysis current, cathode outlet gas mass flow, cathode outlet gas component, anode outlet gas flow, anode outlet gas component, pressure regulating valve opening and induced draft fan speed; the output data of the neural network is the predicted value of the back pressure of the cathode of the SOEC stack;

[0099] Processing the original running data into running data that can be used as modeling data may include: performing missing value processing, outlier processing, feature analysis, and correlation analysis on the original running data, integrating the data using a normalization method based on MinMaxScaler, and dividing the data into training data sets and test data sets.

[0100] Next, we built a Whale Algorithm (WOA) optimized LSTM neural network long short-term memory path prediction model (WOA-LSTM neural network). LSTM, as a long short-term memory time recurrent neural network, includes an input layer, a hidden layer, a recurrent layer, and an output layer; the back pressure of the cathode of the SOEC stack is used as the output to realize the construction of the LSTM neural network.

[0101] The LSTM layer is optimized through the whale swarm algorithm, and the hyperparameters such as the number of hidden layers of the neural network in the LSTM model are taken as optimization objects. The WOA-LSTM model is constructed, and the modeling data is imported into the constructed neural network model for iterative training.

[0102] The trained WOA-LSTM model and the current value of the preset operating data are used as input for prediction to predict the back pressure of the cathode of the SOEC stack at the next time node or multiple consecutive time nodes in the future.

[0103] The back pressure prediction value and the current back pressure data of the cathode of the SOEC stack are transmitted to the PID control system combined with the BP neural network, and the adjustment amount of the pressure regulating valve and / or the variable frequency speed regulating induced draft fan is calculated and generated according to the BP neural network.

[0104] S13. Generate adjustment instructions for the pressure regulating valve and / or the variable frequency speed regulating induced draft fan according to the prediction result.

[0105] The regulation instruction in the embodiment of the present invention can be generated by the prediction model, or only the prediction model can be used to obtain the predicted value of the back pressure of the cathode of the SOEC stack after a preset time period, and then the regulation instruction of the pressure regulating valve and / or the variable frequency speed regulating induced draft fan is generated according to the predicted value of the back pressure according to the preset rules; the preset rules can specifically include:

[0106] When the back pressure prediction value is greater than the first preset threshold, or when the difference between the intake pressure data and the back pressure prediction value is less than the second preset threshold, an adjustment instruction for starting the variable frequency speed regulating induced draft fan is generated. The first preset threshold and the second preset threshold in the embodiment of the present invention can be determined by those skilled in the art based on experience or a limited number of experiments, and are not specifically limited here.

[0107] It should be noted that excessive back pressure at the cathode of the SOEC stack and too small a difference between the intake pressure data and the back pressure will affect the normal operation of the SOEC. For this reason, in an embodiment of the present invention, the variable frequency speed regulating induced draft fan is started to induce air, thereby avoiding poor hydrogen flow in the SOEC.

[0108] In addition, in order to further improve the stability of back pressure, the embodiments of the present invention may also include: when the variable frequency speed regulation induced draft fan is in the starting state, according to the back pressure fluctuation of the cathode of the SOEC stack, the induced air volume of the variable frequency speed regulation induced draft fan is adjusted by the first pressure regulating valve or the output power of the variable frequency speed regulation induced draft fan; including, when it is judged that the back pressure of the cathode of the SOEC stack is about to increase according to the back pressure prediction value, the induced air volume is increased.

[0109] Obtain the back pressure data and intake pressure data of the cathode of the SOEC stack;

[0110] When the back pressure data is greater than a first preset threshold, or when the difference between the intake pressure data and the back pressure data is less than a second preset threshold, the variable frequency speed regulating induced draft fan is started.

[0111] Specifically, when the back pressure of the cathode of the SOEC stack is too large, and the difference between the intake pressure data and the back pressure is too small, the normal operation of the SOEC will be affected. For this reason, in an embodiment of the present invention, the variable frequency speed regulating induced draft fan is started to induce air, thereby avoiding the poor flow of hydrogen production in the SOEC.

[0112] In addition, in order to further improve the stability of back pressure, the embodiments of the present invention may also include: when the variable frequency speed regulation induced draft fan is in the starting state, according to the back pressure fluctuation of the cathode of the SOEC stack, the induced air volume of the variable frequency speed regulation induced draft fan is adjusted by the first pressure regulating valve or the output power of the variable frequency speed regulation induced draft fan; including, when it is judged that the back pressure of the cathode of the SOEC stack is about to increase according to the back pressure prediction value, increasing the induced air volume.

[0113] In summary, the control system for the water electrolysis hydrogen production device in the embodiment of the present invention is provided with a gas supply device and a heating unit for the SOEC gas of the test object. In addition, in order to stabilize the back pressure of the SOEC, the present invention is also provided with a back pressure stabilization unit and a control unit; the cathode pressure stabilization component included in the back pressure stabilization unit in the embodiment of the present invention further includes a back pressure sensor, a liquid separator or a pressure buffer tank, a first pressure regulating valve and a variable frequency speed regulating induced draft fan and a hydrogen booster; the embodiment of the present invention obtains the current operating data including multiple preset operating parameters in real time; then, with the current operating data of multiple preset operating parameters as input, a prediction result including a predicted value of the back pressure after a preset time period can be generated according to a preset prediction model, and then the corresponding pressure regulating valve and\or variable frequency speed regulating induced draft fan adjustment instructions are generated; in this way, the pressure difference of the cathode pipeline of the SOEC stack can be adjusted by changing the size of the pressure regulating valve or the power of the variable frequency speed regulating induced draft fan, thereby stabilizing the SOEC back pressure.

[0114] Since in the present invention, the cathode back pressure of the SOEC stack after a preset time can be obtained through the prediction model, preventive feedforward control can be performed in advance, which can effectively avoid excessive fluctuations in the cathode back pressure of the SOEC stack, thereby effectively improving the stability of the SOEC back pressure.

[0115] In addition, the embodiments of the present invention can be applied not only to the water electrolysis hydrogen production device itself, but also to the test system of the water electrolysis hydrogen production device. That is, the present invention is provided with a gas supply device, a heating unit, a back pressure stabilization unit and a control unit, which can not only perform performance tests on large single fuel cells within a larger power range, but also perform performance tests on modules composed of multiple small or medium-sized fuel cells; further, the embodiments of the present invention can also test the changes in electrolysis performance of different series and parallel combinations of multiple fuel cells, thereby obtaining a more compact and efficient multi-fuel cell matching module.

[0116] In order to further improve the stability of the SOEC back pressure, the embodiment of the present invention is further provided with a gas supply pipeline on the basis of the setting; to replenish the product hydrogen in the hydrogen storage unit to the pipeline at the cathode outlet of the SOEC stack.

[0117] Corresponding to the air supply pipeline, in the embodiment of the present invention, the specific method of generating the control instruction of the second pressure regulating valve according to the preset rule may include:

[0118] When the back pressure prediction value is less than the third preset threshold value, or when the difference between the intake pressure data and the back pressure prediction value is greater than the fourth preset threshold value, the amount of hydrogen added is adjusted by the second pressure regulating valve to adjust the pressure value at the cathode outlet of the SOEC stack. The third preset threshold value and the fourth preset threshold value in the embodiment of the present invention can be determined by those skilled in the art based on experience or a limited number of experiments, and are not specifically limited here.

[0119] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present application. Therefore, the present application will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but will conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A control system for a water electrolysis hydrogen production device, wherein the control system for the water electrolysis hydrogen production device is a high-temperature solid oxide water electrolysis hydrogen production device, comprising a gas supply device for providing a gas that meets preset requirements to a solid oxide electrolysis cell SOEC, and a heating unit for controlling the working temperature of the SOEC; characterized in that: include: A back pressure stabilization unit, a data acquisition unit, a prediction unit, and a control unit for stabilizing the back pressure of the SOEC; The back pressure stabilization unit is connected to the cathode outlet of the SOEC stack, and includes a back pressure sensor arranged upstream of the cathode heat exchange and cooling unit, a first pressure regulating valve and a variable frequency speed regulating induced draft fan arranged downstream of the cathode heat exchange and cooling unit; The data acquisition unit is used to obtain operation data of various operation parameters of the control system for the water electrolysis hydrogen production device; The prediction unit is used to take the current value of the preset operation data as input, and generate a prediction result including a predicted value of the back pressure of the cathode of the SOEC stack after a preset time period according to a preset prediction model; The control unit is used to generate adjustment instructions for the pressure regulating valve and / or the variable frequency speed regulating induced draft fan according to the prediction result.

2. The control system for the water electrolysis hydrogen production device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for constructing the prediction model includes: Obtaining historical operating data with a time series for each operating parameter of the water electrolysis hydrogen production device; the operating parameters include one or more of liquid water mass flow rate, cathode inlet gas temperature, cathode inlet protection hydrogen volume flow rate, cathode inlet gas component, cathode inlet gas pressure, anode inlet air temperature, anode inlet air pressure, anode inlet air flow rate, stack / module average temperature, electrolysis voltage, electrolysis current, cathode outlet gas mass flow rate, cathode outlet gas component, anode outlet gas flow rate, anode outlet gas component, pressure regulating valve valve opening and induced draft fan speed; The historical operation data is used as modeling data, and the modeling data is trained based on BP neural network technology to generate a prediction model with the back pressure of the cathode of the SOEC stack as output.

3. The control system for the water electrolysis hydrogen production device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The prediction result of the prediction model also includes the adjustment amount of the pressure regulating valve and / or the variable frequency speed regulating induced draft fan, and the method for generating the adjustment amount includes: When the back pressure prediction value is greater than a first preset threshold, or when the difference between the intake pressure data and the back pressure prediction value is less than a second preset threshold, obtaining current back pressure data of the cathode of the SOEC stack; According to the back pressure prediction value and the current back pressure data of the cathode of the SOEC stack, with the goal of making the back pressure data of the cathode of the SOEC stack after the preset time period be within the preset range, the adjustment amount of the pressure regulating valve and / or the variable frequency speed regulating induced draft fan is calculated and generated by the BP neural network of the prediction model.

4. The control system for the water electrolysis hydrogen production device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gas supply device comprises a water purification unit, a steam generation unit, an air unit, an auxiliary gas supply unit and a mixing unit, wherein: The water purification unit includes an ultrapure water machine and an ultrapure water storage tank, which are used to purify laboratory tap water or demineralized water of industrial equipment into ultrapure water suitable for SOEC electrolysis and store it; The steam generation unit includes a steam generator for converting ultrapure water into steam; The auxiliary gas supply unit includes a gas cylinder or a gas supply station for supplying the purge nitrogen required for SOEC electrolysis and the protective hydrogen required for the cathode of the SOEC; The mixing unit is used to mix steam and hydrogen into hydrogen-containing mixed steam and avoid the occurrence of condensed water; The air unit includes an air compressor, a flow meter and a control valve, and is used to continuously supply air for delivering oxygen to the anode of the SOEC.

5. The control system for the water electrolysis hydrogen production device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heating unit includes: a heating furnace or a heating box adapted to a single battery stack or a module consisting of multiple battery stacks.

6. The control system for the water electrolysis hydrogen production device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: Anode heat exchange and cooling unit, the anode heat exchange and cooling unit and the cathode heat exchange and cooling unit are used to fully utilize high-temperature heat and reduce cooling losses, thereby improving system thermal efficiency.

7. The control system for the water electrolysis hydrogen production device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: The gas drying and purification unit is used to remove water vapor and impurities from the hydrogen produced by water electrolysis to ensure the high purity of the hydrogen product.

8. The control system for the water electrolysis hydrogen production device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: A hydrogen storage unit is used to store product hydrogen through a hydrogen storage tank and recycle part of the hydrogen as cathodic protection hydrogen and purge hydrogen.

9. The control system for the water electrolysis hydrogen production device according to claim 8, characterized in that: Also includes: The hydrogen storage unit is connected to the air inlet end of the air supply pipeline; the air outlet end of the air supply pipeline provided with a second pressure regulating valve is communicated with the air inlet of the cathode heat exchange and cooling unit.

10. The control system for the water electrolysis hydrogen production device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The structure in which the air supply pipeline is connected to the air inlet of the cathode heat exchange and cooling unit includes: The gas outlet end of the gas supply pipeline is directly connected to the air inlet of the cathode heat exchange and cooling unit; the cathode outlet pipeline connected to the cathode outlet of the SOEC stack is vertically connected to the gas supply pipeline.

11. A control method for a water electrolysis hydrogen production device, used in the control system for a water electrolysis hydrogen production device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that: Includes steps: S11, acquiring in real time current operating data of a plurality of preset operating parameters including current back pressure data of the cathode of the SOEC stack; S12, taking the current operation data of a plurality of preset operation parameters as input, generating a prediction result including a predicted value of the back pressure of the cathode of the SOEC stack after a preset time period according to a preset prediction model; S13. Generate adjustment instructions for the pressure regulating valve and / or the variable frequency speed regulating induced draft fan according to the prediction result.

12. The control method for a water electrolysis hydrogen production device according to claim 11, characterized in that: The prediction results also include: When the back pressure prediction value is greater than a first preset threshold, or when the difference between the intake pressure data and the back pressure prediction value is less than a second preset threshold, the adjustment amount of the pressure regulating valve and / or the variable frequency speed regulating induced draft fan is calculated and generated by the BP neural network of the prediction model based on the back pressure prediction value and the current back pressure data, with the goal of making the back pressure data after the preset time period fall within a preset range.

13. The control method for a water electrolysis hydrogen production device according to claim 12, characterized in that: The step of generating the adjustment instruction of the pressure regulating valve and / or the variable frequency speed regulating induced draft fan according to the prediction result comprises: Generate an adjustment instruction according to the adjustment amount of the pressure regulating valve and / or the variable frequency speed regulating induced draft fan.

14. The control method for a water electrolysis hydrogen production device according to claim 11, characterized in that: The step of generating the adjustment instruction of the pressure regulating valve and / or the variable frequency speed regulating induced draft fan according to the prediction result comprises: When the back pressure prediction value is greater than a first preset threshold, or when the difference between the intake pressure data and the back pressure prediction value is less than a second preset threshold, an adjustment instruction for starting the variable frequency speed regulation induced draft fan is generated.

15. The control method for a water electrolysis hydrogen production device according to claim 14, characterized in that: Also includes: When the variable frequency speed regulating induced draft fan is in a starting state, the induced air volume of the variable frequency speed regulating induced draft fan is adjusted by the first pressure regulating valve or the output power of the variable frequency speed regulating induced draft fan according to the back pressure fluctuation of the cathode of the SOEC stack; Including increasing the amount of induced air when the back pressure of the cathode of the SOEC stack increases.

16. The control method for a water electrolysis hydrogen production device according to claim 15, characterized in that: Also includes: When the back pressure prediction value is less than a third preset threshold, or when the difference between the intake pressure data and the back pressure prediction value is greater than a fourth preset threshold, the second pressure regulating valve is controlled to add hydrogen.

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