Fish-rice symbiotic farmland design

Abstract

The invention discloses a fish and rice symbiotic farmland, which is designed to design traditional fish and rice symbiotic and needs to excavate a large number of grooves, and utilizes a unique canal design to enable fishes to live in the farmland, so that the excavation of the grooves is reduced, and a trunk canal and ridges are arranged around the farmland to annularly surround the whole farmland, so that most snakes and rats can be effectively prevented from entering the farmland; meanwhile, the water tightness is good, the water level of the water channel is deep, fish can be safely sheltered to a certain degree, only two water inlets and outlets are reserved with the outside, and the gates are arranged, so that the water level of the whole farmland can be managed in a unified mode through the water channel and the gates, the branch channels and the grooves are formed in the farmland, and the grooves are connected with the branch channels and the main channel through the plastic gates; the channel and the groove are communicated with each other to form a whole, a mechanical access channel is arranged at a proper position of the channel, a reinforced concrete pipe is pre-buried, surface concrete is hardened, and the mechanical access channel is reserved in the groove in the farmland, so that the farmland meets the requirement of mechanical construction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a fish-rice symbiotic farmland design. Background Art

[0002] Involves invention patent, application number 2025101673670.

[0003] The present invention arranges sealing devices at both ends of the water channel, adopts cast-in-place concrete structures (11, 13) and arranges gates (12) to ensure water sealing and control the water level, and maintains normal water flow between the middle section of the water channel and the farmland. In this way, the farmland and the middle section of the water channel form a whole, and the dryness and wetness of the farmland can be intuitively reflected and adjusted through the water level in the water channel. By controlling the water level in the water channel, water replenishment and drainage of the farmland can be completed.

[0004] The water channel adopts an assembled structure. Each unit structure is divided into a base plate (1) and two vertical walls (4). The base plate adopts a reinforced concrete structure to ensure its structural strength. The vertical walls adopt large-sized foam concrete to ensure their stability. The base plate (1) is provided with protrusions (2) (3) to form grooves for installing the vertical walls (4). The gap between the vertical walls and the grooves is filled with cement slurry or cement mortar to make the two become a whole.

[0005] The top of the vertical wall is made of cast-in-place concrete (14). Plastic drainage boards (10) are arranged at intervals between the canals to increase the fluidity of water between the farmland and the canals and drain excess groundwater in the farmland. Plastic gates (7) are arranged at intervals to replenish water and drain surface water from the farmland.

[0006] The water channel unit structure is 1m long and is formed by assembling a bottom plate (1) and a vertical wall (4). The bottom plate is made of reinforced concrete, with a thickness of 12cm, a length of 1m and a total width of 1.3m. There are square protrusions (2) and (3) with a width of 5cm on the bottom plate, with a clearance of 35cm between them. (2) is 5cm high and (3) is 10cm high. The vertical wall (4) is installed in the groove formed by (2) and (3). The vertical wall (4) is made of foam concrete or lightweight ceramsite bricks, with a height of 70cm, a length of 1m, a width of 24cm at the top and a width of 34cm at the bottom. After the vertical wall is installed, the gaps between (2), (3) and (4) are filled with mortar. The vertical wall is large in size, has good stability and is firmly connected to the bottom plate.

[0007] A circular plastic valve (7) with a diameter of 25 cm is installed at intervals in the middle section of the canal. A hole is reserved in the vertical wall (4) (it can be reserved during production). When installing the plastic valve, the hole gap is filled with mortar. Because the vertical wall is relatively thick, (7) can be completely installed within the thickness of the vertical wall. When the cast-in-place concrete is pressed on the top (14), a gap (15) is left to avoid the valve handle (8). In this way, (7) is completely non-exposed and not easily damaged. After (7) is installed, its top height is basically flush with or slightly lower than the surface of the farmland. It is necessary to dig a pit near (7) to keep the plastic valve (7) completely exposed. When the farmland needs to drain surface water, it can be combined with open digging of shallow trenches to connect with (7) to quickly drain the surface water of the farmland.

[0008] For farmland with drainage requirements, especially some farmland with serious waterlogging and saline-alkali land that needs to be treated, a 10 cm spacing is reserved between the unit structures of the water channel at intervals in the middle of the water channel, and then a plastic drainage board (10) is installed, one end of which is flush with the inner side of the vertical wall (4) and the other end is deep in the soil. The gap between the bottom plate (1) is filled with mortar, and the surface of the plastic drainage board (10) is wrapped with a layer of geotextile. After installation, the top height is 20 cm lower than the top of the vertical wall (4). (10) is cut at one end of the soil to prevent damage during farming. The upper end notch (16) is poured together when pouring the top concrete. The vertical wall (4) is made of lightweight ceramsite to increase its drainage. The plastic drainage board (10) can effectively drain the groundwater in the farmland, and the plastic valve (7) can quickly drain the surface water of the farmland. The combination of the two can effectively solve the problem of waterlogging in the farmland.

[0009] An integrated cast-in-place gate is arranged at both ends of the canal, including a structural water stop wall (11), a cast-in-place canal unit (12), and a gate (13). The steps of cast-in-place are as follows: ①, compacting the original soil, ②, low-grade concrete cushion layer (without gravel cushion layer), ③, cast-in-place structure, ④, backfilling the soil after the structure is cured and compacted, the bottom elevation of the water stop wall (11) is 20 cm lower than the bottom of the bottom plate (1), and the two sides are 50 cm wider than the extension of the vertical wall, (11) and (12) are both reinforced concrete structures, and the gate (13) is cast in-place into the structure (12). The integrated cast-in-place gate can provide good water tightness, so that the sluice can effectively control the water level in the canal, and control the dryness and wetness of the farmland through the water level in the canal.

[0010] The construction steps of water channel, especially the branch channel deep into the farmland, are as follows: ①, dig the trench to the predetermined elevation with an excavator, and level and compact the foundation; ②, install the base plate (1) from near to far, and form a continuously extending temporary access road by continuously laying (1), while transporting (1) with a small battery tricycle or four-wheel vehicle, and installing (1) with an excavator, until the installation is completed. If the foundation is uneven, gravel can be used to make up for it; ③, install the vertical wall (4) from far to near, while transporting (4) with a small battery vehicle, and installing (4), and at the same time, deal with the problematic base plate ④. After the vertical wall (4) is installed, the groove formed by (2) and (3) and the gap between (4) are filled with mortar to make the floor (1) and the vertical wall (4) form a whole; ⑤. The plastic valve (7) is installed and the top (14) is cast in place. The top elevation of (14) is generally 20 cm higher than that of the farmland; ⑥. Backfill soil on both sides of the channel.

[0011] During construction, the bottom plate (1) is first laid, which can not only form a temporary access road, but also effectively compact the channel foundation during the process of special vehicles transporting materials back and forth. Then, when installing the vertical wall (4), the bottom plate (1) can be adjusted for the second time, which ensures higher installation accuracy and smaller secondary settlement. If it is not necessary to use a temporary road to transport materials, an excavator equipped with hydraulic equipment can be used to statically press the bottom plate (1), and then make a second adjustment, which can effectively reduce the secondary settlement.

[0012] The vertical wall of this water channel is made of foam bricks or lightweight ceramsite bricks, and is assembled in unit structures. If the gap between unit structures is ≥5mm, it needs to be grouted with cement mortar. If the gap is less than 5mm, it does not need to be treated. If there are special requirements for water tightness of the water channel, when this solution is adopted, a layer of mesh plastering needs to be carried out inside the water channel to ensure the water tightness of the water channel.

[0013] In this plan, the vertical walls are made of foam bricks or lightweight expanded clay bricks, mainly because the two materials have low density and corresponding effective strength. Foam bricks are more suitable for farmland with small drainage requirements. Lightweight expanded clay bricks have larger gaps and good drainage, and are more suitable for farmland with large drainage requirements. The vertical walls are large and full-size, which can avoid upper and lower masonry, greatly enhancing the stability of the vertical walls. The gap between the vertical wall and the bottom plate groove is filled with mortar, so that the vertical wall and the floor form a solid whole, which can effectively retain soil and have a good service life.

[0014] The middle section of the channel in the present invention has no special requirements for water tightness, the construction of the channel is greatly simplified, and the main body adopts assembled construction, which can greatly improve the construction speed.

[0015] The present invention proposes two channel layout schemes: 1. The total length of the main canal is relatively small. The main canal can adopt the scheme of the present invention and has a drainage function. Then an integrated cast-in-place gate is set between the branch canal and the main canal, and an integrated cast-in-place gate can also be set at the main canal outlet. Assuming the farmland surface elevation is ±0m, the branch canal top elevation is 0.2m, the bottom elevation is -0.7m, the main canal top elevation is 0.5m, the bottom elevation is -1m, and the spacing between the branch canals is about 100m. When replenishing water, close the main canal outlet and pump water into the main canal. As the water level rises, the water replenishment is completed. When draining water, open all valves; 2. The main canal is a water diversion canal and does not have a drainage function. A water diversion gate is set between the main canal and the branch canal, and a discharge outlet is set in the branch canal, and an integrated cast-in-place gate is set. When replenishing water, open the water diversion gate and close the discharge outlet. When draining water, close the water diversion gate and open the discharge outlet.

[0016] The dimensional data in the present invention can be appropriately changed as needed, mainly based on the actual situation. Summary of the invention

[0017] The present invention partially utilizes the water channel technology of the background invention.

[0018] The bottom plate of the main channel A is made of cast-in-place concrete, and the outer side wall is also made of cast-in-place concrete. The inner side wall adopts the technology related to patent 2025101673670. The farmland ground elevation is set at ±0m. The net height of the cast-in-place concrete wall is 1.5m, and the top elevation is 0.5m. The net height of the inner wall is 1.25m, and the top elevation is 0.25m. The outer wall is mainly used to retain soil and store water, and to prevent fish from jumping out. Therefore, cast-in-place concrete is used, and generally no gate is left. The inner wall is made of large-size foam concrete (4). Cast-in-place concrete The top is pressed (14), and a plastic gate (7) with a diameter of 400mm is installed at a certain distance. The branch channel adopts the relevant technology of patent 2025101673670, with a net height of 1m and a top elevation of 0.25m. A plastic gate (7) with a diameter of 400mm is installed at a certain distance. A groove (18) is opened at the position of the plastic gate. The groove is 2m wide, 0.4m deep, and the length is less than 1 / 2 of the channel spacing. In this way, a mechanical channel can be reserved throughout the length. The groove (18) is spaced 40m apart, and the grooves (18) between adjacent branch channels are staggered.

[0019] The integrated cast-in-place gate (26, 27) adopts a multifunctional gate that can control the water level, discharge flood water, and discharge sediment. The top of the gate plate (21) is provided with movable baffles (23, 24, 25) of different sizes. Through the combination of the baffles, different overflow heights are formed. There are two gates in total. One is set near the river (26). Water can be pumped from the river to the farmland, and water in the farmland can also be discharged. The other is set at the far end (27). A small water reservoir (20) is set next to (27). (20) can be equipped with a solar roof and a water pump. The size of (20) can be set to 20m*20m and the depth can be 3m. The water in the reservoir can be returned to the farmland by driving the water pump through solar power generation. , used to regulate and store water and accelerate the circulation speed of farmland water. The specific implementation method is: the overflow height of the far-end gate (27) is set, the gate plates of the near-end gate (26) are all closed, and the water pump is turned on to divert water from the river to the farmland, first filling the farmland, and then the water overflows to the small reservoir (20) through (27). After the water in (20) is full, the water pump of the gate (26) is turned off, the overflow height of the near-end gate (26) is set, and the gate plates of the far-end gate (27) are all closed. The water pump of (27) is opened at a fixed time as needed to allow water to flow from (20) to the farmland, and finally overflow from (27) to the river. In this way, the water flow in the farmland can be circulated, and the flow of water can provide a better living environment for animals and plants.

[0020] When the water supply is tight, water can be stored in (20), and then the water can be circulated between (20) and the farmland for multiple times. The specific implementation method is as follows: the gates of the remote gate (27) and the near gate (26) are all closed, and water is pumped from (20) to the farmland. When the water level in the farmland reaches the maximum allowable water level, the pumping is stopped, and then by adjusting the movable baffles (23, 24, 25) on the remote gate (27), different overflow heights are formed successively, and the water level is lowered step by step. In this way, the water flow speed and the water level can be controlled at the same time. When the water level in the farmland drops to the minimum allowable water level, all the movable baffles on the remote gate (27) are installed, and the above steps are repeated to form a cycle.

[0021] When installing the gates (26) and (27), attention should be paid to the installation height of the gates. By adjusting the installation height of the gate frame (22), the top elevation of the gate plate (21) is at -0.05m. The heights of the movable gate plates (23, 24, 25) are 5cm, 10cm, and 15cm respectively. After all the movable gate plates are installed, their top elevation is 0.25m. The water level can be controlled within the range of -0.05m to 0.25m by the combination of movable gate plates. The overall area of ​​farmland is large. In order to increase the fluidity of water, the gate should be designed to be wide, or two gates should be arranged side by side in one gate, so as to increase the overflow per unit time and increase the flow rate of water inside the farmland.

[0022] The present invention utilizes a main canal (A) and a ridge to surround the farmland, so that the farmland inside forms a relatively independent system. The water level is controlled by gates (26) and (27), and water flow is formed by other measures. In this solution, the farmland area is large, and the system formed is also large. The larger the system, the easier it is to stabilize the system. The system is relatively independent and can be more stable by reducing external interference. The main canal (A) can not only increase the water tightness of the system through its structure, so that the system can store water, but also prevent mice and most snakes from entering the farmland to cause damage. The structure of the canal also provides a certain degree of shelter for fish and can prevent birds from predating them. The canal replaces a large number of grooves in traditional fish-rice symbiosis, and the canal slope is stable. , basically no maintenance is required, the elevation of the canal is controllable, and the water system of the farmland is formed into a whole through the interconnection of the canals. A mechanical inlet and outlet (17) is set at an appropriate position of the canal, reinforced concrete pipes are pre-buried, the surface concrete is hardened, and the grooves (18) are intermittently set, and a mechanical channel is reserved. The large spacing is set, so that the farmland can be easily mechanized for production, and the daily management of the farmland is relatively simple. Basically, no fertilization and weeding are required. The water level management is simple. It can be considered to modify the device for intelligent water level management, simulate the dry and wet cycle changes of the rice field, provide appropriate fluidity for the water, and only need to put a small amount of fish food for the fish, to achieve a small input and large output ecological breeding way.

[0023] A plastic gate (7) is set at an appropriate position on the long side of the main canal (A), and a pit (19) is dug. (19) is 1m long, 1m wide and 40cm deep, so as to increase the connecting passage between the main canal (A) and the farmland. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 Plan of fish-rice symbiotic farmland

[0025] Figure 2 Section 1

[0026] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of Section 2

[0027] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the gate

[0028] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the channel bottom plate and vertical wall

[0029] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the canal unit structure

[0030] Figure 7 Diagram of water channel assembly

[0031] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the overall structure of the canal

[0032] Fig. 9 A canal layout diagram

[0033] Fig.10 Layout diagram for another canal solution DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0035] Let me first talk about the key points of the present invention. First of all, it must be able to store water. Only by storing water can a water system be formed, so water leakage should be minimized during construction. Secondly, the water level must be controlled. Maintaining a suitable water level can form an environment for rice growth. Thirdly, water is required to have a certain fluidity. Flowing water is not only more suitable for the growth of animals and plants, but flowing water is conducive to water evaporation and can effectively control the surface temperature, thereby preventing high temperature weather from harming animals and plants. Finally, the farmland area must be large and the system must be large enough to be more stable and easy to manage.

[0036] The present invention can not only form a fish-rice symbiotic system, but also form a symbiotic system for other animals and microorganisms, can form a certain flowing water system, and form a relatively stable ecosystem. Relying on the circulation within the system, the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides can be greatly reduced, agricultural pollution can be effectively avoided, ecological breeding can be formed, and a suitable ecological environment can be formed.

[0037] The present invention can produce a large amount of fish output without significantly reducing the yield of rice fields. Ideally, a large number of rice fields can be restored to the environment of the 1980s and 1990s, with ditches full of fish and shrimps. A large amount of fish output can be provided through rice fields, gradually replacing fish farming in artificial ponds, and gradually restoring to rivers, lakes and other water systems. A large amount of pollution caused by artificial farming can be avoided, fishing in rivers and lakes will also be reduced, and the ecology of rivers and lakes can gradually be restored.

Claims

1. A fish-rice symbiotic farmland design, characterized in that: The farmland is surrounded by a main canal A and ridges, leaving only two water inlets and outlets to the outside world, and gates are installed to control the water level of the entire farmland. Several branch canals are distributed in parallel inside the farmland, and the branch canals are connected to the main canal. Gates are installed at intervals on the branch canals and the main canal, and trenches (18) are excavated at the gate positions. Through the main canal, branch canals, and trenches, an integrated distributed deep water area is formed, so that fish can move and forage better in the farmland. Several locations in the channel are used as mechanical entry and exit channels (17), and pre-buried reinforced concrete pipes are used, and the surface concrete The soil is hardened so that mechanical operations can be carried out on the farmland. For daily management, a small amount of fish food is put into (18), and attention is paid to water level management. Fish manure is used as fertilizer. The rice fields basically do not need to be fertilized or weeded, thus realizing the ecological twinning of fish and rice. The farmland design reference data in Figure 1 shows that the farmland is 300m wide and 800m long. The surrounding main canal A has a net width of 2m, and the branch canals B, C, and D have a net width of 0.6m. The distance between branch canals is 200m. The ditch (18) is 0.4m deep, 2m wide, and 40m apart, which is suitable for large-scale farmland.

2. A fish-rice symbiotic farmland design according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom plate of the main channel A is made of cast-in-place concrete, the outer side wall is made of cast-in-place concrete, and the inner side wall adopts the technology related to patent 2025101673670. The farmland ground elevation is set at ±0m. The net height of the cast-in-place concrete wall is 1.5m, and the top elevation is 0.5m. The net height of the inner wall is 1.25m, and the top elevation is 0.25m. The outer wall is mainly used to retain soil and store water, and to prevent fish from jumping out. Therefore, cast-in-place concrete is used, and generally no gate is left. The inner wall is made of large-size foam concrete (4). Cast-in-place concrete The soil pressure top (14) is installed at intervals, and a plastic gate (7) with a diameter of 400mm is installed. The branch canal adopts the relevant technology of patent 2025101673670, with a net height of 1m and a top elevation of 0.25m. A plastic gate (7) with a diameter of 400mm is installed at intervals, and a groove (18) is opened at the position of the plastic gate. The groove is 2m wide, 0.4m deep, and the length is less than 1 / 2 of the branch canal spacing. In this way, a mechanical channel is reserved along the entire length. The spacing of (18) is 40m, and the grooves (18) between adjacent branch canals are staggered.

3. The fish-rice symbiotic farmland design according to claim 1, characterized in that: The integrated cast-in-place gate adopts a multifunctional gate that can control the water level, discharge flood water, and discharge sediment. The top of the gate plate (21) is provided with movable baffles (23, 24, 25) of different sizes. Through the combination of the baffles, different overflow heights are formed. There are two gates in total. One is set near the river (26). Water can be pumped from the river to the farmland and water in the farmland can be discharged. The other is set at the far end (27). A small water reservoir (20) is set at the far end. (20) can be equipped with a solar roof and a water pump. The size of the water reservoir (20) can be set to 20m*20m and a depth of 3m. The water in the water reservoir is returned to the farmland by driving the water pump through solar power generation to regulate the water. Water storage accelerates the circulation speed of farmland water. The specific implementation method is as follows: the overflow height of the far gate (27) is set, the gate plates of the near gate (26) are all closed, and the water pump is turned on to divert water from the river to the farmland, first filling the farmland, and then the water overflows to the small reservoir (20) through (27). After the water in (20) is full, the water pump of the gate (26) is turned off, the overflow height of the near gate (26) is set, the gate plates of the far gate (27) are all closed, and the water pump of (27) is opened at a fixed time as needed to allow water to flow from (20) to the farmland, and finally overflow from (27) to the river. In this way, the water flow in the farmland can be circulated, and the flow of water can provide a better living environment for animals and plants.

4. A fish-rice symbiotic farmland design according to claims 1 and 3, characterized in that: When the water supply is tight, water can be stored in a reservoir (20) and then circulated between (20) and the farmland for multiple uses. The specific implementation method is as follows: the gates of the remote gate (27) and the near gate (26) are all closed, and water is pumped from (20) to the farmland. When the water level in the farmland reaches the maximum allowable water level, the pumping is stopped, and then by adjusting the movable baffles (23, 24, 25) on the remote gate (27), different overflow heights are formed successively, and the water level is lowered step by step. In this way, the water flow speed and the water level can be controlled at the same time. When the water level in the farmland drops to the minimum allowable water level, all the movable baffles on the remote gate (27) are installed, and the above steps are repeated to form a cycle.

5. A fish-rice symbiotic farmland design according to claim 1, 3, characterized in that: When installing the gates (26) and (27), attention should be paid to the installation height of the gates. By adjusting the installation height of the gate frame (22), the top elevation of the gate plate (21) is at a position of -0.05m. The heights of the movable gate plates (23, 24, 25) are 5cm, 10cm, and 15cm respectively. After all the movable gate plates are installed, their top elevation is 0.25m. The water level can be controlled within the range of -0.05m to 0.25m by combining the movable gate plates. The overall area of ​​the farmland is large. In order to increase the fluidity of the water, the gate should be designed to be wide, or two gates should be arranged side by side in one gate to increase the overflow per unit time and increase the flow rate of water inside the farmland. At the same time, a fence should be set on the inside of the gate to prevent fish from running out of the gate.

6. The fish-rice symbiotic farmland design according to claim 1, characterized in that: The present invention utilizes a main canal (A) and a ridge to surround the farmland so that the farmland inside forms a relatively independent system. The water level is controlled by gates (26) and (27), and other measures are used to form water flow. In this solution, the farmland area is large, and the system formed is also large. The larger the system, the easier it is to stabilize the system. The system is relatively independent and can be more stable by reducing external interference. It can be considered to modify the (26) and (27) devices to perform intelligent water level management to simulate the dry-wet cycle of the rice field. At the same time, the water pump can be managed intelligently, and the water pump can be turned on and off at a fixed time to provide appropriate fluidity for the water inside the farmland. In this way, the daily management of the farmland will be relatively simple. It only needs to feed a small amount of fish food to the fish on time, and basically no fertilizer or weeding is required. An ecological breeding method with small input and large output can be achieved.

7. The fish-rice symbiotic farmland design according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plastic gate (7) is set at an appropriate position on the long side of the main canal (A), and a pit (19) is dug. (19) is 1m long, 1m wide and 40cm deep, so as to increase the connecting passage between the main canal (A) and the farmland.

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