Assembly type prefabricated column rapid installation method

Abstract

The invention discloses a quick mounting method for an assembly type prefabricated column. The quick mounting method comprises the steps that S1, a working face is prepared; s2, component hoisting: when the prefabricated column is adjusted to be 200-300mm away from the ground by a crane, trial hoisting is performed, a component hoisting appliance is adjusted to be horizontal, and after each hoisting point is uniformly stressed, the corresponding component is hoisted to a construction position; s3, a collimator is installed and calibrated, the collimator is adsorbed to the prefabricated column reinforced concrete structural surface, a laser horizontal positioning module on the collimator is started, and the laser horizontal emission state is automatically calibrated through an electronic level meter; s4, pre-positioning the prefabricated part, hanging the prefabricated column to a position 200mm away from the mounting surface, pausing the prefabricated column, and preliminarily adjusting the direction of the column body on the basis of the set mounting reference control line, so that the mounting reference control line is preliminarily aligned with the laser beam; and S5, accurately positioning and adjusting the prefabricated part, observing the overlap ratio of the mounting reference control line and the laser beam by an operator, finely adjusting the spatial position of the prefabricated column, and mounting and fixing when the mounting reference control line completely coincides with the laser beam.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the technical field of prefabricated building construction, and particularly relates to a rapid installation method for prefabricated columns in prefabricated buildings. Background Technique

[0002] With the acceleration of the construction industrialization process, prefabricated buildings have become an important development direction in the modern construction industry due to their advantages such as high construction efficiency, energy conservation, and environmental protection.

[0003] The existing installation construction technology for precast columns includes:

[0004] The first step: Positioning and reserving the steel bars of the cast-in-place layer and the precast layer, and installing the inclined support embedded parts. The second step: Install the positioning template. Ensure that the spacing of the cast-in-place steel bars is the same as the spacing of the sleeves of the precast columns. The third step: Positioning and setting out the lines and rechecking the reserved steel bars. The fourth step: Inspection and acceptance of the precast columns upon arrival. Mainly check the length and quantity of the reserved steel bars, and whether the inside of the sleeves is clean and blocked. The fifth step: Elevation control. Set steel shims at the four corners of the column, and control the column bottom elevation of the shims according to the design drawings. The sixth step: Lifting. When the column is turned over and erected, the tower crane steel wire rope needs to be in a relaxed state. The seventh step: Column installation. The hoisting workers around the column stabilize the column and align it with the reserved steel bars and install it in place. The eighth step: Install and fix the support. Use adjustable supports to control the verticality of the column. The ninth step: Seal the mortar joint at the column bottom and grout the steel bar connecting sleeves.

[0005] Preparation work;

[0006] 1. Recheck the position and elevation of the steel bars connecting the columns to the lower layer, and ensure that the bottom concrete surface is cleaned thoroughly. 2. Conduct quality inspections on the precast columns before hoisting, especially the quality inspection and internal cleaning of the main steel bar connecting sleeves, to ensure that the sleeves, embedded parts, and other holes in the precast columns are clean and free of garbage before leaving the factory, which may affect the subsequent construction. 3. Before hoisting, the equipment required for installation should be prepared, such as inclined supports, inclined support fixing iron parts, bolts, column bottom elevation adjustment iron sheets (combined with four basic specifications of 10mm, 5mm, 3mm, and 2mm), hoisting tools, verticality measuring rods, aluminum or wooden ladders, etc. 4. Confirm whether the position of the beam on the column head has been marked. 5. Confirm the installation direction, component number, embedded water and electricity pipes, lifting points, and component weight. 6. Confirm the grouting machinery and materials.

[0007] Main control points for the installation construction of precast columns;

[0008] 1. The reserved length of the steel bars for the transfer layer needs to be accurately reserved according to the design during the pouring of the upper layer of concrete, and shall not be shorter than the length of the sleeves inside the precast columns. To ensure a successful direct hoisting at one time, the spacing positioning between the reserved steel bars must be accurate and consistent with the positioning of the sleeves of the precast columns.

[0009] 2. Conduct inspection and acceptance of the columns upon arrival to confirm whether the sleeves inside the columns are blocked.

[0010] 3. The setting of the steel plate pads at the bottom of the column must not exceed the design elevation, otherwise it will cause the connection between the reserved steel bars and the sleeve not to meet the design requirements, and the elevation of the bottom of the precast beam at the upper part of the precast column will also be incorrect.

[0011] 4. The grouting in the sleeve must be filled completely without air inside.

[0012] 5. When using an anchor plate for a variable cross-section column, the height of the anchor plate must not exceed the finished surface of the future structure. In the construction process of prefabricated buildings, the precise installation of precast components is a key link to ensure the project quality.

[0013] However, in the prior art, the docking of precast components mainly relies on manual measurement or stringing, which has problems such as low efficiency, large errors, and dependence on the experience of skilled workers. Especially when installing a large number of components, repeated measurement and adjustment will seriously affect the construction progress, making it difficult to fully play the "efficient construction" advantage of prefabricated buildings. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a fast, precise, and low-cost auxiliary alignment device for precast components to improve the installation efficiency and reduce manual errors. Summary of the Invention

[0014] The purpose of the present application is to disclose a rapid installation method for prefabricated columns in prefabricated buildings, which makes the positioning marks of precast components coincide with the laser line through the method of the present application, so as to achieve the effect of high-precision and rapid docking.

[0015] The purpose of the present application is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0016] A rapid installation method for prefabricated columns in prefabricated buildings, the rapid installation method for prefabricated columns in prefabricated buildings includes the following steps:

[0017] S1: Preparation of the working surface, including: setting installation reference control lines on the base structure surface, and cleaning the connection parts of the precast components to ensure that the contact surface is flat;

[0018] S2: Hoisting of components. When the hoisting machine lifts the precast column 200 to 300 mm off the ground, conduct a trial hoist, check whether the component is horizontal and whether the force on each lifting nail is uniform, adjust the hoisting appliance of the component to be horizontal, and after the force on each lifting point is uniform, hoist the corresponding component to the construction position;

[0019] S3: Installation and calibration of the collimator. Adsorb the collimator to the reinforced concrete structure surface of the precast column, turn on the laser level positioning module on the collimator, and automatically calibrate the laser level emission state through an electronic level;

[0020] S4: Preliminary positioning of the precast component. Suspend the precast column 200 mm above the installation surface, and based on the set installation reference control line, preliminarily adjust the orientation of the column body to make the installation reference control line and the laser beam preliminarily aligned;

[0021] S5: Precision positioning and adjustment of precast components. The operator observes the coincidence degree between the installation reference control line and the laser beam, makes fine adjustments to the spatial position of the precast column, and performs installation and fixation when the installation reference control line completely coincides with the laser.

[0022] According to a preferred embodiment, the rapid installation method of the assembled precast column further includes the steps of:

[0023] S6: Fixation and acceptance of components. Check the tightness of the installation interface of the component and the main structure, and use measuring tools to re-check the vertical and horizontal errors.

[0024] According to a preferred embodiment, the rapid installation method of the assembled precast column further includes the steps of:

[0025] S7: Adjust the verticality and elevation of the precast column by setting wedge-shaped cushion blocks at the four corner points under the precast column, and a sawtooth structure is arranged on the upper surface of the wedge-shaped adjustment block arranged under the precast column.

[0026] According to a preferred embodiment, the rapid installation method of the assembled precast column further includes the steps of:

[0027] S8: Inside the wedge-shaped adjustment block, use a flexible annular belt to surround the precast column in a circle to complete the plugging of the grouting sleeve; when the precast column is pressed down, the inner cement slurry is compressed to form a tight plugging structure along the outer side of the precast column.

[0028] According to a preferred embodiment, step S2 further includes: checking whether the lifting appliances, lifting rings, steel wires, and hooks of the lifting equipment are in good condition, whether the connections between the appliances are firm, tidying up the steel wires to prevent entanglement, and adjusting the lifting rings to ensure consistent force application methods;

[0029] And hang the duckbill buckles of matching models into the lifting nails above the precast column, and use a small hammer to knock the duckbill buckles tightly into the bowl of the lifting nails. The two duckbill directions should face each other inward.

[0030] According to a preferred embodiment, during the hoisting process of the component in step S2, the lifting speed of the precast component is gradually increased step by step to keep the precast component stable without deviation, swing, and torsion.

[0031] According to a preferred embodiment, the rapid installation method of the assembled precast column further includes: transporting the components before preparing the working surface. During the component transportation process, corresponding placement and fixation measures are set according to the force application points of its installation state to ensure that the components are not damaged during transportation, and flexible gaskets are set to avoid damage to the concrete at the corner parts of the precast components or the contact parts of the chain cables.

[0032] According to a preferred embodiment, the rapid installation method of the assembled precast column further includes: conducting acceptance inspection of components before preparing the working surface, including: data acceptance and appearance quality inspection.

[0033] Among them, data acceptance includes: acceptance of concrete strength and steel bar inspection reports, and appearance quality inspection includes: inspection of component size deviation, as well as inspection of the position and structure of embedded bolts and inserted steel bars.

[0034] According to a preferred embodiment, when the components are stored on site, a number of cushion wood structures are provided at the bottom, the spacing between each cushion wood is ≤ 2m, the edge cushion wood is ≤ 0.5m away from the end of the component, and the size of each cushion wood is ≥ 100mm × 100mm.

[0035] According to a preferred embodiment, when the components are stored on site, the columns are ≤ 3 layers, the special-shaped components are ≤ 2 layers, and the total stacking height is ≤ 1.5m.

[0036] The main solution of the present application and its various further alternative solutions can be freely combined to form multiple solutions, all of which are solutions that can be adopted and claimed by the present application. Those skilled in the art can understand that there are various combinations according to the prior art and common general knowledge after understanding the solution of the present application, all of which are the technical solutions to be protected by the present application, and will not be enumerated here.

[0037] Advantages of the present application:

[0038] The method of the present application combines high-strength magnet adsorption with a laser reference line to achieve rapid positioning of "stick and use immediately"; it realizes non-contact calibration: laser projection replaces physical measurement tools, avoids human errors, and improves the installation accuracy (within ±2mm). Specific embodiments

[0039] The following uses specific examples to illustrate the embodiments of the present application. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present application from the content disclosed in this specification. The present application can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present application. It should be noted that, without conflict, the following embodiments and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0040] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. is the orientation or positional relationship in which the products of this application are customarily placed during use. This is only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or component referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation to this application. In addition, terms such as "first", "second", "third", etc. are only used for distinguishing descriptions and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0041] In addition, terms such as "horizontal", "vertical", "hanging", etc. do not mean that the components are required to be absolutely horizontal or hanging, but can be slightly inclined. For example, "horizontal" only means that its direction is more horizontal relative to "vertical", and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly inclined.

[0042] In the description of this application, it should also be noted that unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, terms such as "set", "installed", "connected", "linked" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0043] In addition, this application points out that in this application, if the specifically involved structure, connection relationship, positional relationship, power source relationship, etc. are not specifically written, then the structure, connection relationship, positional relationship, power source relationship, etc. involved in this application are all those that can be known to those skilled in the art on the basis of the prior art without creative labor.

[0044] Embodiment 1

[0045] This application discloses a rapid installation method for assembled precast columns, and the rapid installation method for assembled precast columns includes the following steps.

[0046] (1) Component transportation

[0047] According to the hoisting plan at the construction site, ship the components of the required models and specifications to the construction site in advance.

[0048] For precast components, targeted transportation measures are formulated according to the force characteristics of their installation states to ensure that the components are not damaged during transportation. Flexible gaskets can be set to avoid damage to the concrete at the corner parts of the precast components or the contact points of the cable chains.

[0049] Before transporting the components, select a suitable, flat and firm route according to the transportation needs.

[0050] The vehicle should start slowly and drive at a uniform speed. Speeding, sharp turning and sudden braking are strictly prohibited.

[0051] (2) Inspection and acceptance of components upon arrival

[0052] Data inspection: Factory inspection certificate (including concrete strength, steel bar inspection report, etc.), component identification (number, specification, production date, inspection seal), transportation and installation instructions (lifting point position, allowable deviation, etc.)

[0053] Appearance quality inspection: Component dimension deviation (length, width, height, cross-section); embedded bolts, inserted steel bars (accurate position, no looseness or deformation)

[0054] (3) Storage of components

[0055] Requirements for storage site

[0056] Site leveling: Hardened ground (C20 concrete or compacted gravel), drainage slope ≥ 0.5%, no water accumulation. Foundation bearing capacity ≥ 100 kPa (special calculation is required for heavy components).

[0057] Safety distance: ≥ 2 m from the foundation pit edge, ≥ 1.5 m from the tower crane slewing radius to meet the lifting radius.

[0058] Setting of cushion blocks: Spacing of cushion blocks ≤ 2 m, distance from the end of the component ≤ 0.5 m, size of cushion blocks ≥ 100 mm × 100 mm, aligned up and down; Stacking layers: Columns ≤ 3 layers, special-shaped components ≤ 2 layers; Stacking height: Total height ≤ 1.5 m (anti-overturning measures are required when stacking).

[0059] (4) Preparation for work on the working surface

[0060] Measurement and layout: Pop the reference control line on the base structure surface

[0061] Foundation treatment: Clean the connection part of the precast component to ensure the contact surface is flat

[0062] Equipment inspection: Confirm that the power of the aligner and the laser function are normal

[0063] (5) Lifting of components

[0064] Check whether the lifting tools, lifting rings, wire ropes and hooks of the lifting equipment are in good condition, and whether the connections between the tools are firm. Arrange the wire ropes to prevent entanglement, and adjust the lifting rings to ensure the same stress mode.

[0065] Hang the matching duckbill buckle into the upper lifting nail of the precast column, and use a small hammer to tighten the duckbill buckle in the bowl of the lifting nail. The two duckbill directions should face each other inward.

[0066] When the lifting machine adjusts the prefabricated column 200 to 300 mm from the ground, a trial lift is carried out to check whether the component is level and whether the force on each lifting nail is uniform. The component lifting equipment is adjusted to be horizontal. Only after the force on each lifting point is uniform can it be lifted to the construction position.

[0067] Prefabricated components should be operated in a slow lifting, fast raising and slow lowering manner. The lifting speed should be increased step by step and over-speed operation is not allowed. Prefabricated components should remain stable and should not deflect, sway or twist.

[0068] (6) Equipment installation and calibration

[0069] Adsorb the collimator to the reinforced concrete structure surface (the component is hoisted 500mm away from the installation surface), and fix the magnetic module stably (it is necessary to test whether the adsorption force is ≥50N).

[0070] Turn on the laser level positioning module and automatically calibrate the laser level emission state through the electronic level (calibration time ≤ 3 seconds).

[0071] Specifically, the magnetic module on the collimator uses N45-grade NdFeB permanent magnets (surface magnetic flux ≥ 500Gs), the size of a single magnet is 80mm×60mm×25mm, and the surface is nickel-plated for corrosion protection. The high-density rubber buffer layer at the bottom of the magnet has both anti-slip and concrete surface protection functions; the total weight of the magnetic module is ≤500g, and one person can operate it with one hand. The maximum adsorption force of a single module is ≥50N (test conditions: C30 concrete surface roughness Ra=3.2μm), and it can withstand the suspension adjustment of prefabricated components below 1000g.

[0072] The laser leveling module on the collimator includes: a small laser transmitter and a level calibrator. The laser transmitter emits a red or blue laser beam with a wavelength of 635nm and a power of ≤5mW, which complies with Class 1 laser safety standards. The level calibrator has a built-in electronic level to detect the horizontal accuracy of the laser beam in real time (error ≤±0.05°) and feedback the status through the LED indicator (green light means the level calibration is completed).

[0073] (7) Pre-positioning of prefabricated components

[0074] Before hoisting, set installation control lines on the four sides of the prefabricated column, use a special hoist to hoist the prefabricated column to a distance of 200mm from the installation surface and pause, preliminarily adjust the position of the column so that the control line is roughly aligned with the laser beam.

[0075] (8) Precise positioning adjustment

[0076] Spatial position calibration through crane fine-tuning system:

[0077] The laser emitter projects a vertical laser beam onto the adjacent structural surface (if horizontal alignment is required, it can be switched through the angle adjustment knob. Horizontal position: Observe the coincidence degree between the control line at the bottom of the column and the laser. Verticality: Monitor the attitude of the column through the infrared ray).

[0078] The operator observes the coincidence degree between the auxiliary line of the precast component and the laser beam:

[0079] If there is a deviation, gently push the component to finely adjust the position (the adjustment accuracy reaches ±0.5 mm).

[0080] The installation condition is met when the auxiliary control line coincides completely with the laser.

[0081] (9) Fixing and acceptance of the component

[0082] After confirming the alignment, remove the quick aligner, check the tightness between the installation interface of the component and the main structure, and use measuring tools to re-check the vertical and horizontal errors (the allowable error ≤ 2 mm).

[0083] (10) Adjust the verticality and elevation of the precast column by setting wedge-shaped pads at the four corner points under the precast column. Wedge-shaped adjustment blocks are set under the precast column. The pads are made of high-strength material components, which can be steel, alloy, etc. Sawteeth are set on them to increase the friction with the precast column and effectively adjust the elevation and verticality of the precast column. This step is completed after the steel bars are inserted into the grouting sleeve and precisely leveled, and before the flexible sealing tape ring is installed.

[0084] (11) Grouting the grouting sleeve of the precast column is the key to ensuring full grouting and is also controlled as a key process. At this time, the tightness of the lower part for sealing the slurry is often the key to full grouting. At this time, a flexible annular belt is used for sealing (similar to a bicycle inner tube, filled with cement slurry inside), which surrounds the precast column for one circle, and inside the wedge-shaped adjustment block. When the precast column is pressed down, the inner cement slurry is compressed to form a tight sealing structure along the outside of the precast column. Enough protective layer should be left for the steel bars here, and the sealing ring cannot be set close to the steel bars.

[0085] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A rapid installation method for prefabricated columns, characterized in that, The rapid installation method of the prefabricated column includes the following steps: S1: Preparation of the working surface, including: setting installation reference control lines on the base structural surface, and cleaning the connection parts of the precast components to ensure that the contact surfaces are flat; S2: Lifting of components. When the lifting machine lifts the precast column 200 to 300 mm off the ground, conduct a trial lift to check whether the component is horizontal and whether the forces on each lifting nail are uniform. Adjust the lifting appliance of the component to be horizontal. After the forces on each lifting point are uniform, lift the corresponding component to the construction position; S3: Installation and calibration of the collimator. Adsorb the collimator to the reinforced concrete structural surface of the precast column, turn on the laser level positioning module on the collimator, and automatically calibrate the laser level emission state through an electronic level; S4: Preliminary positioning of the precast component. Lift the precast column to a position 200 mm above the installation surface and pause. Based on the set installation reference control lines, preliminarily adjust the orientation of the column body to make the installation reference control lines and the laser beam preliminarily aligned; S5: Precise positioning and adjustment of the precast component. The operator observes the coincidence degree of the installation reference control lines and the laser beam, makes fine adjustments to the spatial position of the precast column, and performs installation and fixation when the installation reference control lines and the laser completely coincide; 2. The rapid installation method of the assembled precast column according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rapid installation method of the prefabricated column further includes the step: S6: Fixing and acceptance of components. Check the tightness of the installation interface of the component and the main structure, and use measuring tools to re-check the vertical and horizontal errors; 3. The rapid installation method of the prefabricated column as claimed in claim 2, wherein The rapid installation method of the prefabricated column further includes the step: S7: Adjust the verticality and elevation of the precast column by setting wedge-shaped cushion blocks at the four corner points under the precast column, and a sawtooth structure is arranged on the upper surface of the wedge-shaped adjustment block arranged under the precast column; 4. The rapid installation method of the prefabricated column as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The rapid installation method of the prefabricated column further includes the step: S8: Inside the wedge-shaped adjustment block, use a flexible annular belt to surround the precast column in a circle to complete the plugging of the grouting sleeve; when the precast column is pressed down, the inner cement slurry is compressed to form a tight plugging structure along the outer side of the precast column; 5. The rapid installation method of the assembled precast column according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S2 further includes: checking whether the lifting tools, lifting rings, steel wires, and hooks of the lifting equipment are in good condition, whether the connections between the tools are firm, tidying up the steel wires to prevent entanglement, and adjusting the lifting rings to ensure the same force application method; And hang the duckbill buckle of the matching model into the upper lifting nail of the precast column, and use a small hammer to knock the duckbill buckle tightly into the bowl of the lifting nail. The two duckbill directions should face each other inward; 6. The rapid installation method of the assembled precast column according to claim 1, characterized in that During the lifting process of the component in step S2, the lifting speed of the precast component is increased step by step in sequence to keep the precast component stable without deviation, swaying, and torsion; 7. The rapid installation method of the prefabricated column as claimed in claim 1, wherein The rapid installation method of the prefabricated column further includes: transporting the components before the preparation of the working surface. During the transportation of the components, corresponding placement and fixing measures are set according to the force application points of their installation states to ensure that the components are not damaged during transportation, and flexible gaskets are set to avoid damage to the concrete at the corner parts of the precast components or the contact parts of the chain cables; 8. The rapid installation method of the prefabricated column as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that, The rapid installation method of the prefabricated column further includes: conducting acceptance inspection of the components when they enter the site before the preparation of the working surface, including: data acceptance inspection and appearance quality inspection; Among them, the data acceptance inspection includes: acceptance inspection of the concrete strength and steel bar test reports, and the appearance quality inspection includes: inspection of the dimensional deviation of the components, and inspection of the positions and structures of the embedded bolts and inserted steel bars.

9. The rapid installation method of the assembled precast column according to claim 8, characterized in that, When the components are stored on site, there are several cushion timbers at the bottom. The distance between each cushion timber is ≤ 2m, the distance between the edge cushion timbers and the end of the component is ≤ 0.5m, and the size of each cushion timber is ≥ 100mm×100mm.

10. The rapid installation method of the prefabricated column as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that, When the components are stored on site, the columns are ≤ 3 layers, the special-shaped components are ≤ 2 layers, and the total stacking height is ≤ 1.5m.