Ecological slope protection structure and ecological slope protection method for engineering construction

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of ecological slope protection, in particular to an engineering construction ecological slope protection structure and an ecological slope protection method.The engineering construction ecological slope protection structure comprises a base and a slope surface poured on the side face of the base, plants are planted on the slope surface to form an ecological slope, and the slope surface is an inclined surface; an irrigation mechanism is arranged on the slope surface and used for irrigating the plants on the ecological slope with rainwater and fertilizer water; the base is provided with a water storage mechanism, the water storage mechanism is used for storing rainwater and fertilizer water, the water storage mechanism is connected with the irrigation mechanism, the water storage mechanism is provided with a drainage mechanism, and the drainage mechanism is used for draining the rainwater. The vegetation can be irrigated through the stored rainwater during drought, a water pump is arranged on the water storage mechanism according to needs, water is pumped into the water storage mechanism during drought, and fertilizer is pumped into the reservoir when fertilizer needs to be applied.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of ecological slope protection, in particular to an engineering construction ecological slope protection structure and an ecological slope protection method. Background Art

[0002] In the field of modern engineering construction, ecological slope protection is an important technical means to integrate engineering protection and ecological restoration. Ecological slope protection aims to achieve effective protection of slopes by constructing a reasonable slope protection structure and combining it with vegetation planting, thereby preventing collapse and landslides caused by natural factors, and promoting the protection and restoration of the ecological environment and improving the surrounding landscape.

[0003] However, the existing ecological slope protection technology still has many problems that need to be solved. Whenever there is heavy rain, ecological slope protection faces severe challenges. The surface runoff formed by heavy rainfall has a fast flow rate and a large flow rate, which exerts a strong scouring force on the slope surface, resulting in a large amount of soil loss at the bottom of the slope. Over time, the soil at the bottom of the slope is constantly washed away, forming a hollow phenomenon between the slope protection structure and the soil below.

[0004] At the same time, in the daily maintenance process after the ecological slope protection is built, the problem of vegetation irrigation is also very prominent. Since ecological slope protection usually uses concrete bricks and other materials to construct the slope structure, the presence of these concrete bricks hinders the effective penetration of water. During the irrigation operation, it is difficult for the water to flow into the vicinity of the vegetation roots as expected. Most of the irrigation water flows downward along the slope due to the inclination angle of the slope before it fully penetrates the vegetation roots to provide the necessary water for plant growth, making it difficult for the vegetation to obtain sufficient water nourishment, affecting the normal growth and survival of the vegetation, and thus weakening the ecological function and protection effect of the ecological slope protection.

[0005] In summary, the existing ecological slope protection technology has obvious shortcomings in dealing with heavy rain erosion and vegetation irrigation. It is urgent to develop a new type of ecological slope protection to solve the above problems and improve the stability, durability and ecological benefits of the ecological slope protection. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the problems in the prior art, the present invention provides an ecological slope protection structure and an ecological slope protection method for engineering construction.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is: an engineering construction ecological slope protection structure and an ecological slope protection method, including a base and a slope surface cast on the side of the base, plants are planted on the slope surface to form an ecological slope, and the slope surface is an inclined surface; a watering mechanism is arranged on the slope surface, and the watering mechanism is used to irrigate the plants on the ecological slope with rainwater and fertilizer water; a water storage mechanism is arranged on the base, and the water storage mechanism is used to store rainwater and fertilizer water, the water storage mechanism is connected to the irrigation mechanism, and a drainage mechanism is arranged on the water storage mechanism, and the drainage mechanism is used to discharge rainwater.

[0008] Preferably, the water storage mechanism includes a water storage component and a discharge component, the water storage component is used to store rainwater and fertilizer water, and the rainwater is used to irrigate the plant roots on the ecological slope through the irrigation mechanism through the water storage component, and the discharge component is used to discharge excess rainwater; the water storage component includes a water tank and a sunshade installed on the top of the water tank, the water tank is U-shaped, and the water tank is made of stainless steel, a plurality of circular holes are opened at the bottom of the water tank, the circular holes are used to install the irrigation mechanism, and the sunshade is opened on the sunshade for collecting rainwater, and when the rainwater passes through the through holes on the sunshade, it is collected inside the water tank.

[0009] Preferably, the discharge assembly includes a floating plate arranged inside the water tank, the middle part of the floating plate is a hollow structure, a guide block is arranged on the floating plate, a clearance groove and a guide groove are opened on the water tank, and the clearance groove and the guide groove are connected, the guide block slides inside the guide groove, and the floating plate slides inside the clearance groove; a sealing plate is arranged on the floating plate, and a discharge plate is installed on the water tank, the discharge plate extends through the outer wall of the water tank to the interior of the water tank, both ends of the discharge plate are open and a plug interface is arranged on the top, and the plug interface is engaged with the sealing plate.

[0010] Preferably, the irrigation mechanism comprises an irrigation pipe installed inside the circular hole, the irrigation pipe is connected to a plurality of branch pipes, each of the branch pipes is provided with a one-way valve, and the branch pipes fit the plant root system; a support frame is provided on the irrigation pipe, a pull rod is installed on the support frame, a float is provided on the top of the pull rod, and the float is located inside the water storage tank.

[0011] Preferably, a first blocking block is provided at the bottom of the pull rod, and a second blocking block is provided on the inner wall of the irrigation pipe, and the first blocking block moves downward to drain water away from the second blocking block; a second elastic member is provided above the second blocking block, and the second elastic member is sleeved on the pull rod, and the second elastic member is used to push the pull rod to reset; the contact surfaces of the first blocking block and the second blocking block are both inclined surfaces, and the two inclined surfaces fit each other.

[0012] Preferably, the drainage mechanism includes a plurality of drainage ports and drainage grooves opened on the slope surface, and the drainage ports and the drainage grooves are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence; the drainage grooves are used to drain water discharged from the drainage ports to the bottom of the slope surface.

[0013] Preferably, the drainage mechanism also includes a movable plate installed on the base, the base is provided with an inner cavity, the movable plate is located above the inner cavity, and the movable plate moves inside the inner cavity; a first elastic member is provided inside the inner cavity, and the first elastic member is located below the movable plate, the first elastic member is used to push the movable plate to reset, a connecting rod is provided on the movable plate, a sliding rod is provided at the end of the connecting rod, the sliding rod is fixedly arranged between the sliding rod and the connecting rod, a sliding opening is opened on the water storage tank, a support rod is provided on the sliding rod, a latch is connected to the support rod, and the latch is connected to the pull rod.

[0014] Preferably, a support platform is provided above the water storage tank, the support platform is cast and steel bars are embedded when the support platform is cast, and the sunshade is overlapped on the support platform.

[0015] A method for engineering construction of ecological slope protection, the method specifically comprises the following steps:

[0016] S1: Preliminary preparation;

[0017] S11: Site survey: Conduct detailed survey on the topography, landform, soil properties, hydrological conditions, surrounding environment, etc. of the slope protection area to understand data such as slope gradient, slope height, groundwater level, etc., to provide a basis for design;

[0018] S12: Material preparation: Prepare the required ecological slope protection materials according to the design requirements, such as vegetation seeds, geotechnical materials, stones, wood, etc., and ensure that the material quality is qualified;

[0019] S13: Tools and equipment: Prepare the tools and equipment required for construction, such as excavators, loaders, mixers, sprinklers, seed drills, etc., and check whether their performance is good;

[0020] S2: Slope treatment;

[0021] S21: Cleaning the slope: remove weeds, tree roots, garbage and loose soil on the slope to keep the slope flat and clean for subsequent construction;

[0022] S22: Slope trimming: According to the design requirements, the slope and slope height are trimmed to ensure the stability of the slope. Generally, the slope should not be too steep;

[0023] S23: Drainage treatment: Drainage facilities such as drainage ditches and drainage holes are set up at appropriate locations on the top, foot and surface of the slope to drain surface water and groundwater and prevent water flow from scouring and penetrating the slope surface;

[0024] S3: Slope protection structure construction;

[0025] S31: Foundation construction: According to the slope protection form, such as gabion slope protection, concrete slope protection, etc., foundation excavation and pouring are carried out to provide stable support for the slope protection structure;

[0026] S32: Slope protection construction: According to the design plan, the slope protection is constructed, such as laying gabions, installing precast concrete blocks, building eco-bags, etc., to ensure the strength and stability of the slope protection;

[0027] S33: Geotechnical material laying: When necessary, geogrids, geotextiles and other geotechnical materials are laid to enhance the anti-slip and anti-scouring capabilities of the slope surface, and also to play the role of reinforcement and anti-filtration;

[0028] S4: Planting vegetation

[0029] S41: Soil improvement: According to the soil conditions on the slope, add humus soil, organic fertilizer, etc. to improve the soil structure and fertility and provide good soil conditions for vegetation growth;

[0030] S42: Vegetation selection: Select suitable herbs, shrubs or vines according to local climate, soil and other natural conditions;

[0031] S43: Planting construction: Vegetation can be planted by broadcasting, spraying, hole sowing and other methods. Water and maintain in time after planting to ensure seed germination and seedling growth.

[0032] Beneficial effects:

[0033] The stored water is discharged during heavy rain, which prevents heavy rain from flowing down the slope and causing soil erosion; and the stored rainwater can be used to irrigate vegetation during drought. A water pump is set on the water storage mechanism as needed. When it is dry, water is pumped into the water storage mechanism. When fertilization is needed, fertilizer water is pumped into the reservoir. When vehicles or people pass by the drainage mechanism, the drainage mechanism will irrigate the rainwater or fertilizer water in the water storage mechanism onto the root system of the vegetation through the irrigation mechanism. When there is sufficient rainwater, the rainwater is directly discharged through the drainage mechanism through the drainage mechanism. After the water is discharged, appropriate water is retained in the water storage mechanism to provide sufficient water for subsequent vegetation irrigation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0035] Figure 1A schematic diagram of the overall structure provided by the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 It is one of the cross-sectional views of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A is an enlarged structural diagram;

[0038] Figure 4 This is the second cross-sectional view of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 5 for Figure 4 The enlarged structural diagram at B in FIG.

[0040] Figure 6 It is a connection schematic diagram of the water storage mechanism of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 7 for Figure 6 The enlarged structural diagram at C in FIG.

[0042] Figure 8 It is a connection diagram of the irrigation mechanism of the present invention;

[0043] Fig. 9 for Figure 8 The enlarged structural diagram at D in FIG.

[0044] Fig.10 This is a connection diagram of the drainage mechanism;

[0045] Fig.11 for Fig.10 The enlarged structural diagram at E in FIG.

[0046] In the figure: 1. base; 2. slope; 3. water storage mechanism; 31. sunshade; 32. water storage tank; 33. floating plate; 34. guide block; 35. guide groove; 36. give way groove; 37. blocking plate; 38. discharge plate; 4. drainage mechanism; 41. drainage groove; 42. drainage outlet; 43. movable plate; 44. first elastic member; 45. inner cavity; 46. connecting rod; 47. sliding rod; 49. support rod; 410. latch; 411. sliding port; 5. irrigation mechanism; 51. irrigation pipe; 52. float; 53. pull rod; 54. support frame; 55. second elastic member; 56. first blocking block; 57. second blocking block; 6. support platform. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easy to understand, the present invention is further explained below in conjunction with specific implementation methods.

[0048] In one embodiment, please refer to the attached manual. Figure 1-11As shown, an ecological slope protection structure for engineering construction described in the present invention includes a base 1 and a slope 2 cast on the side of the base 1, plants are planted on the slope 2 to form an ecological slope, and the slope 2 is an inclined surface; a watering mechanism is arranged on the slope 2, and the watering mechanism is used to irrigate the plants on the ecological slope with rainwater and fertilizer water; a water storage mechanism 3 is arranged on the base 1, and the water storage mechanism 3 is used to store rainwater and fertilizer water, and the water storage mechanism 3 is connected to the irrigation mechanism 5, and a drainage mechanism 4 is arranged on the water storage mechanism 3, and the drainage mechanism 4 is used to discharge rainwater.

[0049] In order to store rainwater, the stored water is discharged during heavy rain to prevent heavy rain from flowing downward along the slope protection and causing soil erosion; and the vegetation can be irrigated with the stored rainwater during drought. A water pump is set on the water storage mechanism 3 as needed. When it is dry, water is pumped into the interior of the water storage mechanism 3. When fertilization is required, fertilizer water is pumped into the interior of the reservoir. When a vehicle or a person passes by the drainage mechanism 4, the drainage mechanism 4 will irrigate the rainwater or fertilizer water in the water storage mechanism 3 onto the root system of the vegetation through the irrigation mechanism 5. When there is sufficient rainwater, the rainwater is directly discharged through the drainage mechanism 4 through the set drainage mechanism 4. After the water is discharged, appropriate water is retained in the water storage mechanism 3 to provide sufficient water source for subsequent vegetation irrigation.

[0050] In one embodiment, please refer to the attached manual. Figure 1-9 As shown, the water storage mechanism 3 includes a water storage component and a discharge component. The water storage component is used to store rainwater and fertilizer water. The rainwater is used to irrigate the plant roots on the ecological slope through the irrigation mechanism 5 through the water storage component. The discharge component is used to discharge excess rainwater; the water storage component includes a water tank 32 and a sunshade 31 installed on the top of the water tank 32. The water tank 32 is a U-shaped structure, and the water tank 32 is made of stainless steel. A plurality of circular holes are provided at the bottom of the water tank 32, and the circular holes are used to install the irrigation mechanism 5. The sunshade 31 is provided with through holes for collecting rainwater. When the rainwater passes through the through holes on the sunshade 31, it is collected inside the water tank 32.

[0051] The discharge assembly includes a floating plate 33 arranged inside the water tank 32, the middle part of the floating plate 33 is a hollow structure, a guide block 34 is arranged on the floating plate 33, a clearance groove 36 and a guide groove 35 are opened on the water tank 32, and the clearance groove 36 and the guide groove 35 are connected, the guide block 34 slides inside the guide groove 35, and the floating plate 33 slides inside the clearance groove 36; a sealing plate 37 is arranged on the floating plate 33, and a discharge plate 38 is installed on the water tank 32, the discharge plate 38 passes through the outer wall of the water tank 32 and extends to the inside of the water tank 32, the two ends of the discharge plate 38 are open and a plug interface is arranged on the top, and the plug interface is engaged with the sealing plate 37.

[0052] In order to prevent the water flow entering the water storage mechanism 3 from overflowing from the inside of the water storage tank 32 when a rainstorm occurs, the overflowing water flow will carry away the soil when flowing through the slope 2, which is likely to cause hollowing problems; the water storage tank 32 is a prefabricated part, preferably a stainless steel prefabricated part; the floating plate 33 is set to push the floating plate 33 to move upward when the water flow enters the water storage tank 32, and the upward movement of the floating plate 33 drives the blocking plate 37 to separate from the plug interface on the discharge plate 38, so that the water flows downward from the openings at both ends of the discharge plate 38 During discharge, water flows downward through the drainage mechanism 4. The drainage mechanism 4 will not take away water and soil during the discharge process. The drainage mechanism 4 will divert the water flow to the slope 2 formed by concrete pouring and discharge it downward; after the water flows downward, the floating plate 33 moves downward, and the blocking plate 37 blocks the opening, thereby sealing the water inside the water storage tank 32; when the blocking plate 37 enters the opening, the opening is in a sealed state (this is the existing technology and will not be repeated here), so that the drainage trough 41 will not leak.

[0053] In another embodiment, please refer to the attached specification Figure 1-9 As shown, the irrigation mechanism 5 includes an irrigation pipe 51 installed inside the circular hole, and a plurality of branch pipes are connected to the irrigation pipe 51, each of which is provided with a one-way valve, and the branch pipes are in contact with the plant root system; a support frame 54 is provided on the irrigation pipe 51, and a pull rod 53 is installed on the support frame 54, a float 52 is provided on the top of the pull rod 53, and the float 52 is located inside the water storage tank 32, and a first blocking block 56 is provided at the bottom of the pull rod 53, and a second blocking block 57 is provided on the inner wall of the irrigation pipe 51, and the first blocking block 56 moves downward to offset the drainage with the second blocking block 57; a second elastic member 55 is provided above the second blocking block 57, and the second elastic member 55 is sleeved on the pull rod 53, and the second elastic member 55 is used to push the pull rod 53 to reset; the contact surfaces of the first blocking block 56 and the second blocking block 57 are both inclined surfaces, and the two inclined surfaces are in contact with each other.

[0054] In order to enable the irrigation mechanism 5 to irrigate the root system of vegetation, when the drainage mechanism 4 moves and drives the pull rod 53 to move, the pull rod 53 drives the first blocking block 56 and the second blocking block 57 to separate, thereby opening the gap between the first blocking block 56 and the second blocking block 57, so that the water flows downward from the gap between the first blocking block 56 and the second blocking block 57. When the water flows into the irrigation pipe 51, the water flows through the branch pipe to the root system of vegetation, and the root system of vegetation is properly irrigated; the second elastic member 55 is provided to push the pull rod 53 upward, so that the first blocking block 56 and the second blocking block 57 are fitted together to prevent the water from flowing downward; the float 52 is provided to move upward, so that when there is a lot of rain, the float 52 pulls the first blocking block 56 to block the second blocking block 57, so as to prevent a lot of rainwater from entering the root system of vegetation and washing the root system of vegetation.

[0055] In another embodiment, please refer to the attached specification Figure 1-11 As shown, the drainage mechanism 4 includes a plurality of drainage ports 42 and drainage grooves 41 opened on the slope 2, and the drainage ports 42 and the drainage grooves 41 are arranged one by one; the drainage grooves 41 are used to drain the water discharged from the drainage ports 42 to the bottom of the slope 2; the drainage mechanism 4 also includes a movable plate 43 installed on the base 1, and the base 1 is provided with an inner cavity 45, and the movable plate 43 is located above the inner cavity 45, and the movable plate 43 moves inside the inner cavity 45; the inner cavity 45 is provided with A first elastic member 44 is provided below the movable plate 43. The first elastic member 44 is used to push the movable plate 43 to reset. A connecting rod 46 is provided on the movable plate 43. A sliding rod 47 is provided at the end of the connecting rod 46. The sliding rod 47 is fixed to the connecting rod 46. A sliding opening 411 is provided on the water tank 32. A support rod 49 is provided on the sliding rod 47. A latch 410 is connected to the support rod 49. The latch 410 is connected to the pull rod 53.

[0056] In order to irrigate vegetation without providing additional power supply, pedestrians or vehicles pass through the movable plate to press the movable plate downward, and the movable plate drives the sliding rod 47 to move downward, and the sliding rod 47 pushes the pull rod 53 to move downward, so that a gap appears between the first blocking block 56 and the second blocking block 57, so that rainwater inside the water tank can be discharged to the inside of the irrigation pipe 51. When the movable plate 43 is not subjected to pressure, under the action of the first elastic member 44, the movable plate 43 is reset, and the movable plate 43 drives the pull rod 53 to reset, and the pull rod 53 drives the first blocking block 56 to connect with the second blocking block 57, so as to achieve the sealing of the first blocking block 56 and the second blocking block 57, so that the water flow inside the water tank will not be lost; when the movable plate 43 is not subjected to force, no water is discharged; during installation, the length of the movable plate can be adjusted according to actual needs, and a movable plate of appropriate length can be installed to ensure that the movable plate can move up and down within an appropriate range.

[0057] Furthermore, the sliding opening 411 and the rotating rod 48 are sealed and connected via a sealing member, which may be a sealing rubber or a corrugated metal coil, and can ensure that the rotating rod 48 rotates inside the sliding opening 411 while sealing the sliding opening 411 .

[0058] In one embodiment, see the attached specification. Figure 3 As shown, a support platform 6 is provided above the water storage tank 32 . The support platform 6 is cast and steel bars are embedded in the support platform 6 when the support platform 6 is cast. The sunshade 31 is overlapped on the support platform 6 .

[0059] Before pouring the support platform 6, a plurality of steel bars are first aligned in square shape, and then concrete is poured to form the support platform 6. The support platform 6 can bear the weight of the sun visor 31, and when a heavy object falls on the sun visor 31, the support platform 6 will not fall off in pieces, thereby achieving a stable support effect.

[0060] In another embodiment, the ecological slope protection is constructed by the following method:

[0061] 1. Preliminary preparation: Site survey is the basic link of the entire ecological slope protection project, and its importance is self-evident. The professional survey team uses advanced measuring instruments and technologies to conduct a comprehensive and detailed survey of the slope protection area. In terms of topography, not only the slope and slope height must be accurately measured, but also contour maps must be drawn to clearly show the undulating changes of the slope surface, which is crucial for the subsequent slope protection structure design and construction process selection.

[0062] The study of soil properties is also critical. By collecting soil samples at different depths, the pH, texture, fertility, and shear strength of the soil can be analyzed. These data can help determine the types of vegetation suitable for growing in the area and whether soil improvement measures are needed. For example, acidic soil may be more suitable for the growth of certain acid-loving plants, while poor soil may require the addition of specific fertilizers to improve fertility.

[0063] The survey of hydrological conditions includes monitoring the groundwater level to understand the seasonal changes of groundwater. At the same time, the flow direction, velocity and flow of surface water are analyzed, which plays a decisive role in the rational planning of the drainage system. If the groundwater level is too high, deep drainage facilities may need to be installed to prevent groundwater from soaking and penetrating the slope surface.

[0064] The investigation of the surrounding environment covers surrounding buildings, roads, vegetation distribution, and ecosystems. Consider the distance between the foundations of surrounding buildings and the slope protection to avoid impacts on buildings during construction. Analyze the traffic flow and usage of surrounding roads so that transportation routes and construction time can be reasonably arranged during construction to reduce interference with traffic. Understanding the distribution of surrounding vegetation will help select plant varieties that are integrated with the local ecological environment and promote the balance and stability of the ecosystem.

[0065] According to the preliminary survey and design requirements, various ecological slope protection materials are carefully prepared. The selection of vegetation seeds strictly follows the principle of suitable planting for suitable places, and fully considers the local climate, soil conditions and ecological functions of vegetation. For example, in arid areas, herbaceous plant seeds with strong drought tolerance are selected, such as Bermuda grass and Zoysia japonica; in areas with severe soil erosion, shrub seeds with well-developed root systems, such as Amorpha fruticosa and Lespedeza, are planted to enhance the effect of soil consolidation and slope protection.

[0066] The quality of geotechnical materials is directly related to the stability and durability of slope protection. High-strength, corrosion-resistant geogrids are selected, whose unique grid structure can be closely integrated with the soil, effectively enhancing the anti-slip ability of the slope. Geotextiles are mainly used for backfiltration and isolation to prevent the loss of soil particles while ensuring the normal penetration of water. When selecting stones and wood, pay attention to their texture and strength to ensure that they can withstand certain pressure and natural erosion. When stones are used to stack gabions or slope protection structures, they are required to have regular shapes and hard textures; wood can be used to make ecological frames or slope protection plank roads, etc., and must be treated with anti-corrosion to extend its service life.

[0067] There are many types of tools and equipment required for construction, and each plays an important role. Excavators are used for slope excavation and foundation construction. Their powerful excavation capabilities can quickly complete earthwork operations and improve construction efficiency. Loaders are mainly responsible for loading and unloading materials and transporting materials such as stones and soil accurately to designated locations. Mixers are used to mix construction materials such as concrete and mortar to ensure the uniformity and quality of the materials.

[0068] Sprinklers play an indispensable role in the construction process. On the one hand, they are used to reduce dust and pollution to the surrounding environment; on the other hand, they provide plants with sufficient water in time after planting to promote seed germination and seedling growth. Seeders use different planting methods, such as broadcasting and spraying, to evenly spread vegetation seeds on the slope to ensure seed distribution density and coverage area.

[0069] Before the equipment is put into operation, a comprehensive performance inspection and commissioning is carried out on each piece of equipment to ensure that the equipment can operate stably during the construction process. Regular maintenance is carried out on the equipment, and worn parts are replaced in a timely manner to extend the service life of the equipment and reduce construction costs.

[0070] 2. Slope treatment: Cleaning the slope is the primary task of slope treatment, and its purpose is to create good basic conditions for subsequent construction. Use professional cleaning tools, such as lawn mowers, shovels, rakes, etc., to thoroughly remove weeds, tree roots, garbage and loose soil on the slope. The presence of weeds and tree roots will affect the combination of slope protection materials and the slope, and may also damage the slope protection structure during the growth process. Garbage cleaning can not only keep the slope clean, but also avoid its pollution to the soil and vegetation.

[0071] The removal of loose soil is crucial because it has poor stability and is prone to collapse under rain erosion or external force. For thicker loose soil layers, excavators are used for excavation; for thinner loose soil layers, shovels and rakes are used for manual cleaning. After cleaning, the slope surface is leveled and compacted to ensure that the flatness and density of the slope surface meet the design requirements.

[0072] According to the design requirements, the slope and height of the slope are precisely trimmed. The slope and height of the slope directly affect the stability of the slope and the effect of ecological slope protection. Generally speaking, the slope should not be too steep to prevent the slope from sliding due to excessive weight. During the trimming process, measuring instruments are used to monitor the changes in slope and height in real time to ensure that they meet the design standards.

[0073] For steeper slopes, a graded slope reduction method can be adopted to set up platforms and horse paths to increase the stability of the slope. The width and spacing of the platforms and horse paths are reasonably determined according to the height of the slope and geological conditions. Generally, the width of the platform is 1-2 meters, and the spacing of the horse paths is 3-5 meters. Planting vegetation or setting up protective facilities on the platforms and horse paths can further enhance the protective effect of the slope.

[0074] Drainage treatment is a key link in ecological slope protection projects. An effective drainage system can prevent surface water and groundwater from scouring and penetrating the slope. An intercepting ditch is set up on the top of the slope to intercept surface water above the slope so that it does not flow into the slope. The size and slope of the intercepting ditch are determined based on the catchment area and flow calculation. It is generally built with concrete or masonry. The bottom and wall of the ditch should be smooth to ensure smooth water flow.

[0075] Drainage ditches are set up at the foot of the slope to lead the water discharged from the intercepting ditch at the top of the slope and the drainage holes on the slope to a safe place. The depth and width of the drainage ditch should meet the drainage requirements, and its durability and anti-scouring ability should also be considered. Drainage holes are set up at appropriate locations on the slope to drain groundwater. The spacing and depth of the drainage holes are determined according to the groundwater level and geological conditions. Generally, the spacing is 2-3 meters and the depth is 3-5 meters. Fill the drainage holes with filter materials such as gravel or coarse sand to prevent soil particles from clogging the drainage holes.

[0076] Foundation construction is the key to the stability of the slope protection structure. According to different slope protection forms, the corresponding foundation construction method is adopted. If gabion slope protection is adopted, the foundation excavation is first carried out. The excavation depth and width are determined according to the size and design requirements of the gabion. A layer of crushed stone or sand cushion is laid at the bottom of the foundation to play the role of drainage and leveling. Then, the gabion is placed on the foundation, connected into a whole with wire or connectors, and filled with stones to ensure the stability of the gabion.

[0077] 3. Slope protection construction: For concrete slope protection, the formwork should be installed first. The formwork should have sufficient strength and rigidity to ensure that it does not deform during the concrete pouring process. Then, the steel bars are tied. The specifications and spacing of the steel bars are determined according to the design requirements. Finally, the concrete is poured and vibrated to ensure the strength and density of the concrete. After the concrete is initially set, it should be maintained in time to prevent the concrete from cracking.

[0078] According to the design plan, the slope protection body is constructed. When laying the gabion mesh, the gabion mesh is unfolded and placed on the foundation. The adjacent gabions are firmly connected with wires or connectors. When filling the stones, hard and regular stones should be selected. The stones should be staggered and closely arranged to enhance the strength and stability of the gabion mesh.

[0079] When installing precast concrete blocks, first lay a layer of sand cushion on the slope to level it. Then, lay the precast concrete blocks according to the designed pattern and sequence, and use cement mortar to point the joints between the precast blocks to ensure that the connections between the precast blocks are tight.

[0080] When building eco-bags, fill the eco-bags with soil and fertilizer and pile them on the slope according to a certain slope and arrangement. Connect the eco-bags with buckles to prevent them from sliding. Plant vegetation on the surface of the eco-bags, and the roots of the vegetation will tightly combine the eco-bags and the soil to form a stable slope protection system.

[0081] If necessary, lay geotechnical materials such as geogrids and geotextiles. When laying geogrids, first level and compact the slope surface, then unfold the geogrid and lay it flat on the slope surface. The laying direction of the geogrid should be consistent with the main force direction of the slope surface. Adjacent geogrids should overlap a certain width and be fixed with connectors. After the geogrid is laid, cover the soil in time to prevent the geogrid from aging under exposure to sunlight.

[0082] When laying geotextiles, lay them flat on the slope and cover the areas that need to be filtered and isolated. The overlap width of the geotextile should meet the design requirements, generally 20-30 cm. During the laying of the geotextile, damage and wrinkles should be avoided to ensure its filtering and isolation effects.

[0083] 4. Planting: According to the soil conditions on the slope, add humus soil, organic fertilizer, etc. to improve soil structure and fertility. Humus soil is rich in organic matter and microorganisms, which can improve the soil's ability to retain water and fertilizer and promote vegetation growth. Organic fertilizer provides plants with comprehensive nutrients and enhances their resistance to stress. When adding humus soil and organic fertilizer, the addition ratio should be determined according to the actual soil conditions, generally 10%-30%.

[0084] Fully mix humus and organic fertilizer with the original soil on the slope, either mechanically or manually, to ensure uniformity of soil improvement. For soils with poor texture, appropriate amounts of water retaining agents and soil conditioners can also be added to further improve the physical properties of the soil.

[0085] Choose suitable herbs, shrubs or vines according to local climate, soil and other natural conditions. When choosing vegetation, not only its slope protection function should be considered, but also its ecological value and landscape effect should be paid attention to. For example, in the northern region, choose herbs with strong cold resistance such as bluegrass and ryegrass; in the southern region, choose herbs that are resistant to high temperature and humidity such as Bermuda and tall fescue.

[0086] Shrubs can be selected from Amorpha fruticosa, Robinia pseudoacacia, Hippophae rhamnoides, etc. They have well-developed root systems and strong soil-fixing capabilities, and can also provide habitats for wild animals. Vine plants such as Parthenocissus tricuspidata and Trumpet creeper can be used for vertical greening, increasing the green coverage rate of the slope and beautifying the environment.

[0087] Planting can be done by broadcasting, spraying, or hole broadcasting. Broadcasting is suitable for large-scale slope planting. The seeds are evenly spread on the slope, and then lightly covered with a thin layer of soil and watered to keep moisture. Spraying is to mix seeds, fertilizers, water retaining agents, adhesives, etc. together and spray them onto the slope through professional spraying equipment to form a uniform vegetation layer. Spraying has the advantages of fast construction speed, large coverage area, and high survival rate, and is suitable for slope planting in various complex terrains.

[0088] Hole sowing is suitable for planting shrubs or plants with larger seeds. Holes are dug at a certain interval on the slope, and seeds or seedlings are planted in the holes, then covered with soil and watered. Watering is carried out in time after planting to keep the soil moist to ensure seed germination and seedling growth. In arid areas, water-saving irrigation methods such as drip irrigation or sprinkler irrigation can be used to improve water resource utilization efficiency.

[0089] The engineering construction ecological slope protection method of the present invention realizes the organic combination of slope protection and ecological restoration through scientific and rigorous preliminary preparation, meticulous and comprehensive slope treatment, stable and reliable slope protection structure construction and reasonable and effective vegetation planting. It has significant economic, ecological and social benefits and is worthy of wide promotion and application in various engineering constructions.

[0090] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An ecological slope protection structure for engineering construction, comprising a base (1) and a slope surface (2) cast on the side of the base (1), on which plants are planted to form an ecological slope, and the slope surface (2) is an inclined surface; characterized in that: The slope surface (2) is provided with an irrigation mechanism, which is used to irrigate the plants on the ecological slope with rainwater and fertilizer water; the base (1) is provided with a water storage mechanism (3), which is used to store rainwater and fertilizer water, the water storage mechanism (3) is connected to the irrigation mechanism (5), and the water storage mechanism (3) is provided with a drainage mechanism (4), which is used to discharge rainwater.

2. The ecological slope protection structure for engineering construction according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The water storage mechanism (3) comprises a water storage component and a discharge component. The water storage component is used to store rainwater and fertilizer water. The rainwater is used to irrigate the plant roots on the ecological slope through the irrigation mechanism (5) through the arranged water storage component. The discharge component is used to discharge excess rainwater. The water storage assembly comprises a water storage tank (32) and a sunshade (31) installed on the top of the water storage tank (32); the water storage tank (32) is in a U-shaped structure and is made of stainless steel; a plurality of circular holes are provided at the bottom of the water storage tank (32); the circular holes are used to install an irrigation mechanism (5); a through hole is provided on the sunshade (31) for collecting rainwater; when rainwater passes through the through hole on the sunshade (31), it is collected inside the water storage tank (32).

3. The ecological slope protection structure for engineering construction according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The discharge assembly comprises a floating plate (33) arranged inside the water storage tank (32), the middle part of the floating plate (33) is a hollow structure, a guide block (34) is arranged on the floating plate (33), a clearance groove (36) and a guide groove (35) are opened on the water storage tank (32), and the clearance groove (36) and the guide groove (35) are communicated, the guide block (34) slides inside the guide groove (35), and the floating plate (33) slides inside the clearance groove (36); a blocking plate (37) is arranged on the floating plate (33), and a discharge plate (38) is installed on the water storage tank (32), the discharge plate (38) passes through the outer wall of the water storage tank (32) and extends to the inside of the water storage tank (32), the two ends of the discharge plate (38) are open and a plug interface is arranged on the top, and the plug interface is engaged with the blocking plate (37).

4. The ecological slope protection structure for engineering construction according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The irrigation mechanism (5) comprises an irrigation pipe (51) installed inside the circular hole, the irrigation pipe (51) is connected to a plurality of branch pipes, each of the branch pipes is provided with a one-way valve, and the branch pipes fit the plant root system; a support frame (54) is provided on the irrigation pipe (51), a pull rod (53) is installed on the support frame (54), a float (52) is provided on the top of the pull rod (53), the float (52) is located inside the water storage tank (32), and a valve (54) is provided at the bottom of the pull rod (53). A first blocking block (56) is provided on the inner wall of the irrigation pipe (51), and the first blocking block (56) moves downward to be offset from the second blocking block (57) for drainage; a second elastic member (55) is provided above the second blocking block (57), and the second elastic member (55) is sleeved on the pull rod (53), and the second elastic member (55) is used to push the pull rod (53) to reset; the contact surfaces of the first blocking block (56) and the second blocking block (57) are both inclined surfaces, and the two inclined surfaces are in contact with each other.

5. The ecological slope protection structure for engineering construction according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The drainage mechanism (4) comprises a plurality of drainage openings (42) and drainage grooves (41) opened on the slope surface (2), wherein the drainage openings (42) and the drainage grooves (41) are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence; the drainage grooves (41) are used to drain water discharged from the drainage openings (42) to the bottom of the slope surface (2).

6. The ecological slope protection structure for engineering construction according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The drainage mechanism (4) also includes a movable plate (43) mounted on the base (1), the base (1) is provided with an inner cavity (45), the movable plate (43) is located above the inner cavity (45), and the movable plate (43) moves inside the inner cavity (45); a first elastic member (44) is provided inside the inner cavity (45), and the first elastic member (44) is located below the movable plate (43), the first elastic member (44) is used to push the movable plate (43) to reset, a connecting rod (46) is provided on the movable plate (43), a sliding rod (47) is provided at the end of the connecting rod (46), a sliding opening (411) is provided on the water storage tank (32), a support rod (49) is provided on the sliding rod (47), a latch (410) is connected to the support rod (49), and the latch (410) is connected to the pull rod (53).

7. The ecological slope protection structure for engineering construction according to claim 6 is characterized in that: A support platform (6) is provided above the water storage tank (32); the support platform (6) is cast and steel bars are embedded in the support platform (6) when the support platform (6) is cast; and the sunshade (31) is overlapped on the support platform (6).

8. A method for engineering construction of ecological slope protection, characterized in that: The method specifically includes the following steps: S1: Preliminary preparation; S11: Site investigation: investigate the topography, landform, soil properties, hydrological conditions, and surrounding environment of the slope protection area, and obtain data on slope, slope height, and groundwater level; S12: Material preparation: prepare the required ecological slope protection materials and ensure that the material quality is qualified; S13: Tools and equipment: Prepare the tools and equipment required for construction and check whether their performance is good; S2: Slope treatment; S21: Clean the slope: remove weeds, tree roots, garbage and loose soil to keep the slope flat and clean; S22: Slope trimming: According to the design requirements, the slope and height of the slope are adjusted to ensure stability; S23: Drainage treatment: Drainage ditches and drainage holes are set at the top, foot and appropriate positions of the slope to prevent water flow from scouring and penetrating the slope; S3: Slope protection structure construction; S31: Foundation construction: excavate and pour foundation according to the slope protection form; S32: Slope protection construction: According to the design plan, the slope protection is constructed to protect the strength and stability of the slope; S33: Geotechnical material laying: laying geogrids and geotextiles when necessary; S4: vegetation planting; S41: Soil improvement: Add humus soil and organic fertilizer according to the slope soil; S42: Vegetation selection: Select herbs, shrubs or vines according to natural conditions; S43: Planting construction: Use broadcasting, spraying and hole sowing to plant and water and maintain in time.

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