Efficient broken soft coal seam while-drilling directional reaming and permeability increasing equipment and implementation method

Abstract

The invention discloses efficient broken soft coal seam while-drilling directional reaming and permeability increasing equipment and an implementation method, and relates to the technical field of coal mine drilling, the efficient broken soft coal seam while-drilling directional reaming and permeability increasing equipment comprises a drill rod, a drill bit, a flow guide assembly and a reaming assembly, the drill bit is arranged at the end of the drill rod, and the reaming assembly and the flow guide assembly are adjacently connected and fixed to the drill rod in a sleeving mode in the drilling direction; a distance is kept between the flow guide assembly and the drill bit; the broaching assembly comprises a crushing ring, an adapter sleeve, a through groove, crushing nails and a cutting tooth set, the multiple crushing nails are arranged on the end face, facing the drill bit, of the crushing ring, the adapter sleeve is fixedly arranged on the other end face of the crushing ring, and a through hole connected with the drill rod in a sleeving mode is reserved between the crushing ring and the adapter sleeve. A plurality of through grooves penetrating through the crushing ring and the adapter sleeve are evenly distributed outwards along the circumference of the through hole, the two cutting tooth sets are arranged in the circumferential direction of the crushing ring, and a slag passing notch is formed between the two cutting tooth sets.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of coal mine drilling technology, and in particular to a highly efficient crushed soft coal seam directional hole expansion and permeability enhancement equipment while drilling and an implementation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The application of directional hole expansion and permeability enhancement equipment can significantly improve the permeability of coal seams and the gas extraction efficiency. For example, a directional hole-digging and hole-expanding drill bit for coal mines can control the retraction and extension of the blade body by controlling the water pressure, and maintain the blade body open through the reaction force of hydraulic punching, so that the hole can be expanded while drilling. This drill bit is set between two drill rods and can be used for both general drilling and directional drilling vehicles. It does not require slag removal and expands the hole once during the directional drilling process. It does not need to drill the guide hole before drilling, which increases the gas extraction rate of the coal seam.

[0003] However, the extended wing hole expansion method directly cuts over a large area, which increases the resistance. In addition, the extended wing directly wears out during the complete cutting process. Some parts are worn out and are not replaced as a whole, which leads to a sharp decrease in efficiency. The single cutting surface is too large and the resistance is correspondingly too large.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a high-efficiency crushed soft coal seam directional expansion and permeability enhancement equipment and implementation method to solve the problems raised in the above background technology. Summary of the invention

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides the following technical solutions: an efficient crushed soft coal seam directional reaming and permeability enhancement equipment while drilling, comprising a drill rod, a drill bit, a flow guide assembly and a reaming assembly, wherein the drill bit is arranged at the end of the drill rod, and along the drilling direction, the reaming assembly and the flow guide assembly are adjacently sleeved and fixed on the drill rod, and the flow guide assembly and the drill bit maintain a distance;

[0006] The reaming assembly includes a crushing ring, an adapter sleeve, a through groove, a crushing nail and a cutting tooth group. A plurality of crushing nails are arranged on the end face of the crushing ring facing the drill bit, and the adapter sleeve is fixedly arranged on the other end face of the crushing ring. A through hole for sleeve-connecting the drill rod is reserved between the crushing ring and the adapter sleeve. A plurality of through grooves penetrating the crushing ring and the adapter sleeve are evenly distributed outward along the circumference of the through hole, and the cutting tooth group is arranged in two groups arranged in the circumference of the crushing ring, and a slag notch is formed between the two groups of cutting tooth groups.

[0007] Further, preferably, taking the cross section perpendicular to the drill pipe axis as the projection plane, the maximum diameter of the drill bit projection contour is greater than the maximum diameter of the guide assembly projection contour, the maximum diameter of the through groove projection contour is equal to the maximum diameter of the guide assembly projection contour, and the minimum diameter of the slag notch projection contour is smaller than the maximum diameter of the drill bit projection contour.

[0008] Further, preferably, the cutting tooth group consists of cutting tooth one, cutting tooth two and cutting tooth three arranged in sequence, and a guide groove is provided on the cutting tooth one and cutting tooth two on one side close to the adapter sleeve.

[0009] Further, preferably, the depth of the guide groove gradually becomes shallower in the direction opposite to the rotation direction, and a connecting hole penetrating the crushing ring and the adapter sleeve is opened on the inner wall of the guide groove, and the connecting hole is connected to the water supply component inside the drill pipe.

[0010] Furthermore, preferably, the crushing nails are divided into multiple sections, which are arranged corresponding to the cutting tooth one and the cutting tooth two, and the crushing nails are arranged gradually and closely against the rotation direction.

[0011] Further, preferably, the guide assembly includes an overflow ring, an annular frame, partition ribs and a guide plate, the annular frame is arranged in parallel as two, and the two annular frames are directly and evenly distributed with partition ribs, the partition ribs are supported between the annular frame and the drill pipe, and the guide plate is arranged in multiple numbers and axially arranged between the partition ribs, and the overflow ring is arranged in close contact with the annular frame.

[0012] Further, preferably, the annular frame fits against the end face of the overflow ring for sealing.

[0013] Further, preferably, one end of the guide plate is fixed to the drill rod surface, and the other end is fixed to the annular frame, and the whole is arranged tilted, and the end of the guide plate that is in contact with the drill rod surface is close to the drill bit.

[0014] Further, preferably, the overflow ring is connected to the water supply assembly inside the drill pipe, and the diameter of the overflow ring is smaller than the diameter of the annular frame.

[0015] A highly efficient method for directional hole enlargement and permeability enhancement while drilling in a broken soft coal seam comprises the following steps:

[0016] Ⅰ. The drill rod rotates to drill a hole through the drill bit, and the flow guide assembly follows the drill rod to synchronously enter the borehole, and the hole expansion assembly fits the end surface of the borehole and synchronously expands the hole as the drill rod rotates;

[0017] II. The slag slurry generated by drilling is diverted by the flow guide assembly. A part of the slag slurry adheres to the inner wall of the borehole and rubs under the rotation of the drill rod and directly passes through the expansion assembly through the through groove, while the other part of the slag slurry flows out through the slag slot;

[0018] III. The coal seam is first broken by the breaking nails, and then the remaining part is cut by the cutting tooth group. The crushed slag mud produced by the hole expansion flows out through the slag groove. During this period, part of the crushed slag mud flows out along the diversion groove as the drill pipe rotates and the connecting hole supplies water.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present application provides an efficient crushed soft coal seam directional hole expansion and permeability enhancement equipment and implementation method while drilling, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] In the present application, water is supplied through the connecting hole to drive the debris slurry generated by hole expansion and drilling to flow along the guide groove to avoid blockage. In addition, the cutting teeth 1, 2 and 3 have different cutting thicknesses, and the cutting teeth 3 are not provided with a guide groove, which has higher strength and is not easy to wear and fail. Even if the cutting teeth 1 and 2 are worn, it will not have much impact on the cutting effect.

[0021] The crushing nails clamp part of the coal slag to rub and crush the coal seam end face, which can refine the size of the coal slag to avoid blockage and reduce the wear of the crushing nails.

[0022] The guide plate is used to divert the slag slurry produced by drilling, so that the slag slurry gradually adheres to the inner wall of the borehole. As the drill rod rotates, the slag slurry further rubs against the inner wall of the borehole, thereby refining the size of the coal slag produced by drilling and loosening the inner wall of the borehole, making it easier for the slag slurry to pass through and avoid blockage. This is beneficial to reducing the reaction force on the reaming component during the subsequent reaming process, thereby improving the reaming efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Other features, objects and advantages of the present application will become more apparent by reading the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:

[0024] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a highly efficient directional hole enlargement and permeability enhancement equipment for crushed soft coal seams while drilling;

[0025] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the diversion component of a highly efficient directional hole expansion and permeability enhancement equipment for crushed soft coal seams;

[0026] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a hole expansion component of a highly efficient directional hole expansion and permeability enhancement equipment for crushed soft coal seams while drilling;

[0027] Figure 4 It is a forward structural schematic diagram of a highly efficient directional hole enlargement and permeability enhancement equipment for crushed soft coal seams while drilling;

[0028] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a cutting tooth group of a highly efficient directional hole expansion and permeability enhancement equipment for crushing soft coal seams while drilling;

[0029] In the figure: 1, drill rod; 2, drill bit; 3, guide assembly; 31, overflow ring; 32, annular frame; 33, partition rib; 34, guide plate; 4, expansion assembly; 41, crushing ring; 42, adapter sleeve; 43, through groove; 44, crushing nail; 45, cutting tooth group; 451, cutting tooth one; 452, cutting tooth two; 453, cutting tooth three; 454, guide groove; 455, connecting hole; 46, slag notch. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] See also Figure 1-Figure 5 In the embodiment of the present application, a highly efficient directional hole enlarging and permeability increasing equipment for crushed soft coal seams while drilling comprises a drill rod 1, a drill bit 2, a flow guide assembly 3 and a hole enlarging assembly 4, wherein the drill bit 2 is arranged at the end of the drill rod 1, and along the drilling direction, the hole enlarging assembly 4 and the flow guide assembly 3 are adjacently sleeved and fixed on the drill rod 1, and the flow guide assembly 3 and the drill bit 2 maintain a distance;

[0031] The reaming assembly 4 includes a crushing ring 41, an adapter sleeve 42, a through groove 43, a crushing nail 44 and a cutting tooth group 45. A plurality of crushing nails 44 are arranged on the end face of the crushing ring 41 facing the drill bit 2. The adapter sleeve 42 is fixedly arranged on the other end face of the crushing ring 41. A through hole for sleeve-connecting the drill pipe 1 is reserved between the crushing ring 41 and the adapter sleeve 42. A plurality of through grooves 43 penetrating the crushing ring 41 and the adapter sleeve 42 are evenly distributed outward along the circumference of the through hole. The cutting tooth group 45 is arranged in two groups arranged in the circumference of the crushing ring 41, and a slag notch 46 is formed between the two groups of cutting tooth groups 45.

[0032] It should be explained that the flow guide assembly 3 guides the debris slurry generated by drilling to flow, and rubs against the inner wall of the borehole under the rotation of the drill rod 1, further refining the debris and loosening the inner wall of the borehole for subsequent hole expansion. At the same time, a part of the debris slurry directly passes through the hole expansion assembly 4 through the through groove 43, and the other part flows out through the slag notch 46;

[0033] At the same time, the coal seam is first broken by the crushing nails 44, and then the remaining part is cut by the cutting teeth group 45 to complete the hole expansion. The whole hole expansion process is divided into multiple steps to ensure the hole expansion efficiency and the durability of the device;

[0034] Compared with the extended wing type hole expansion, this application avoids the increase in resistance caused by direct large-scale cutting, and the extended wing directly performs a complete cutting process and continues to wear. Some parts are worn out and are not replaced as a whole, resulting in a sharp decrease in efficiency. The single cutting surface is too large and the resistance is correspondingly too large.

[0035] As a preferred embodiment, taking the cross section perpendicular to the axis of the drill rod 1 as the projection plane, the maximum diameter of the projected contour of the drill bit 2 is larger than the maximum diameter of the projected contour of the guide assembly 3, the maximum diameter of the projected contour of the through groove 43 is equal to the maximum diameter of the projected contour of the guide assembly 3, and the minimum diameter of the projected contour of the slag notch 46 is smaller than the maximum diameter of the projected contour of the drill bit 2.

[0036] It should be explained that the drilling mud is divided into two streams, the main stream passes through the through slot 43, and the sub-stream passes through the slag slot 46, thereby driving the slag produced by the hole expansion to flow and avoid blockage.

[0037] As a preferred embodiment, the cutting tooth group 45 is composed of a cutting tooth 1 451 , a cutting tooth 2 452 and a cutting tooth 3 453 arranged in sequence, and a guide groove 454 is provided on one side of the cutting tooth 1 451 and the cutting tooth 2 452 close to the adapter sleeve 42 .

[0038] As a preferred embodiment, the depth of the guide groove 454 gradually becomes shallower against the rotation direction, and a connecting hole 455 penetrating the crushing ring 41 and the adapter sleeve 42 is opened on the inner wall of the guide groove 454, and the connecting hole 455 is connected to the water supply component inside the drill pipe 1.

[0039] It needs to be explained that the water supply through the connecting hole 455 drives the debris slurry produced by hole expansion and drilling to flow along the guide groove 454 to avoid blockage, and the cutting tooth 1 451, the cutting tooth 2 452 and the cutting tooth 3 453 have different cutting thicknesses, and the cutting tooth 3 453 is not provided with the guide groove 454, so it has higher strength and is not easy to wear and fail. Even if the cutting tooth 1 451 and the cutting tooth 2 452 are worn, it will not have much impact on the cutting effect.

[0040] As a preferred embodiment, the crushing nail 44 is divided into multiple sections, which are arranged corresponding to the cutting tooth 1 451 and the cutting tooth 2 452 , and the crushing nail 44 is arranged gradually and closely against the rotation direction.

[0041] It should be explained that by clamping part of the coal slag with the crushing nail 44 to rub and crush the end face of the coal seam, on the one hand, the size of the coal slag can be refined to avoid clogging, and on the other hand, the wear of the crushing nail 44 can be reduced.

[0042] As a preferred embodiment, the guide assembly 3 includes an overflow ring 31, an annular frame 32, partition ribs 33 and a guide plate 34. The annular frame 32 is arranged in two in parallel, and the two annular frames 32 are directly and evenly distributed with partition ribs 33. The partition ribs 33 are supported between the annular frame 32 and the drill pipe 1, and the guide plate 34 is arranged in multiple numbers and axially arranged between the partition ribs 33. The overflow ring 31 is arranged in close contact with the annular frame 32.

[0043] As a preferred embodiment, the annular frame 32 is in contact with the end surface of the overflow ring 31 for sealing.

[0044] As a preferred embodiment, one end of the guide plate 34 is fixed to the surface of the drill rod 1 and the other end is fixed to the annular frame 32 . The whole is arranged tilted, and one end of the guide plate 34 that is in contact with the surface of the drill rod 1 is close to the drill bit 2 .

[0045] It needs to be explained that the guide plate 34 is used to divert the slag slurry produced by drilling, so that the slag slurry gradually adheres to the inner wall of the borehole. When the drill rod 1 rotates, the slag slurry further rubs against the inner wall of the borehole, thereby refining the size of the coal ash produced by drilling and loosening the inner wall of the borehole, making it easier for the slag slurry to pass through and avoid blockage. At the same time, it is beneficial to reduce the reaction force on the reaming component 4 during the subsequent reaming process, which is beneficial to improve the reaming efficiency.

[0046] As a preferred embodiment, the overflow ring 31 is connected to the water supply assembly inside the drill pipe 1 , and the diameter of the overflow ring 31 is smaller than the diameter of the annular frame 32 .

[0047] It should be explained that water is supplied through the overflow ring 31 to drive the slag slurry to overflow toward the through groove 43 and the slag passing groove 46 .

[0048] A highly efficient method for directional hole enlargement and permeability enhancement while drilling in a broken soft coal seam comprises the following steps:

[0049] Ⅰ. The drill rod 1 rotates to drill a hole through the drill bit 2, and the flow guide assembly 3 follows the drill rod 1 and enters the borehole synchronously, and the hole reaming assembly 4 adheres to the end surface of the borehole and reams the hole synchronously with the rotation of the drill rod 1;

[0050] II. The slag slurry generated by drilling is diverted by the flow guide assembly 3. A part of the slag slurry adheres to the inner wall of the borehole and rubs under the rotation of the drill rod 1 and directly passes through the hole expansion assembly 4 through the through groove 43, and the other part of the slag slurry flows out through the slag notch 46;

[0051] III. The coal seam is first crushed by the crushing nails 44, and then the remaining part is cut by the cutting tooth group 45. The crushed slag mud produced by the hole expansion flows out through the slag groove 46. During this period, part of the crushed slag mud flows out along the guide groove 454 as the drill pipe 1 rotates and the connecting hole 455 supplies water.

[0052] What has been described above is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent substitutions or changes within the technical scope disclosed in the present application according to the technical solution and application concept of the present application, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An efficient directional hole enlargement and permeability enhancement equipment for crushed soft coal seams, characterized by: The drill bit (2) comprises a drill rod (1), a drill bit (2), a flow guide assembly (3) and a hole reaming assembly (4), wherein the drill bit (2) is arranged at the end of the drill rod (1), and along the drilling direction, the hole reaming assembly (4) and the flow guide assembly (3) are adjacently sleeved and fixed on the drill rod (1), and the flow guide assembly (3) and the drill bit (2) are spaced apart. The reaming assembly (4) comprises a crushing ring (41), an adapter sleeve (42), a through groove (43), a crushing pin (44) and a cutting tooth group (45); a plurality of crushing pins (44) are arranged on the end surface of the crushing ring (41) facing the drill bit (2); the adapter sleeve (42) is fixedly arranged on the other end surface of the crushing ring (41); a through hole for sleeve-connecting the drill rod (1) is reserved between the crushing ring (41) and the adapter sleeve (42); a plurality of through grooves (43) penetrating the crushing ring (41) and the adapter sleeve (42) are evenly distributed outwardly along the circumference of the through hole; and the cutting tooth group (45) is arranged in two groups arranged in the circumferential direction of the crushing ring (41); a slag notch (46) is formed between the two groups of cutting tooth groups (45).

2. The high-efficiency crushed soft coal seam directional expansion and permeability enhancement equipment while drilling according to claim 1 is characterized by: Taking the cross section perpendicular to the axis of the drill rod (1) as the projection surface, the maximum diameter of the projection profile of the drill bit (2) is greater than the maximum diameter of the projection profile of the guide assembly (3), the maximum diameter of the projection profile of the through groove (43) is equal to the maximum diameter of the projection profile of the guide assembly (3), and the minimum diameter of the projection profile of the slag notch (46) is less than the maximum diameter of the projection profile of the drill bit (2).

3. The high-efficiency crushed soft coal seam directional expansion and permeability enhancement equipment while drilling according to claim 1 is characterized by: The cutting tooth group (45) is composed of a cutting tooth one (451), a cutting tooth two (452) and a cutting tooth three (453) arranged in sequence, and a guide groove (454) is provided on a side of the cutting tooth one (451) and the cutting tooth two (452) close to the adapter sleeve (42).

4. The high-efficiency crushed soft coal seam directional expansion and permeability enhancement equipment while drilling according to claim 3 is characterized by: The depth of the guide groove (454) gradually becomes shallower in the direction opposite to the rotation direction, and a connecting hole (455) penetrating the crushing ring (41) and the adapter sleeve (42) is provided on the inner wall of the guide groove (454), and the connecting hole (455) is connected to the water supply component inside the drill rod (1).

5. The high-efficiency crushed soft coal seam directional expansion and permeability enhancement equipment while drilling according to claim 4 is characterized by: The crushing nail (44) is divided into multiple sections, which are arranged corresponding to the cutting tooth 1 (451) and the cutting tooth 2 (452), and the crushing nails (44) are arranged gradually and closely against the rotation direction.

6. The high-efficiency crushed soft coal seam directional expansion and permeability enhancement equipment while drilling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flow guide assembly (3) comprises an overflow ring (31), an annular frame (32), a partition rib (33) and a flow guide plate (34); the annular frame (32) is arranged in parallel in two pieces, and the two annular frames (32) are directly and evenly distributed with the partition ribs (33); the partition ribs (33) are supported between the annular frame (32) and the drill pipe (1); the flow guide plate (34) is arranged in multiple pieces and is axially arranged between the partition ribs (33); and the overflow ring (31) is arranged in close contact with the annular frame (32).

7. The high-efficiency crushed soft coal seam directional expansion and permeability enhancement equipment while drilling according to claim 6, characterized in that: The annular frame (32) fits against the end surface of the overflow ring (31) for sealing.

8. The high-efficiency crushed soft coal seam directional expansion and permeability enhancement equipment while drilling according to claim 7, characterized in that: One end of the guide plate (34) is fixed to the surface of the drill rod (1), and the other end is fixed to the annular frame (32). The guide plate (34) is arranged obliquely as a whole, and the end of the guide plate (34) that is in contact with the surface of the drill rod (1) is close to the drill bit (2).

9. The high-efficiency crushed soft coal seam directional expansion and permeability enhancement equipment while drilling according to claim 8, characterized in that: The overflow ring (31) is connected to the water supply component inside the drill rod (1), and the diameter of the overflow ring (31) is smaller than the diameter of the annular frame (32).

10. A method for implementing high-efficiency directional hole expansion and permeability enhancement while drilling in a crushed soft coal seam, which adopts a high-efficiency directional hole expansion and permeability enhancement while drilling equipment for a crushed soft coal seam as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The steps include: Ⅰ. The drill rod (1) rotates to drill a hole through the drill bit (2), and at the same time, the flow guide assembly (3) follows the drill rod (1) and enters the borehole synchronously, and the hole expansion assembly (4) fits the end surface of the borehole and expands the hole synchronously with the rotation of the drill rod (1); II. The slag slurry generated by drilling is diverted by guiding the flow guide assembly (3), with a portion of the slag slurry adhering to the inner wall of the borehole and rubbing against it under the rotation of the drill rod (1) and passing directly through the hole expansion assembly (4) through the through groove (43), and another portion of the slag slurry flows out through the slag notch (46); III. The coal seam is first crushed by the crushing pins (44), and then the remaining part is cut by the cutting tooth group (45). The crushed slag mud produced by the hole expansion flows out through the slag groove (46). During this period, part of the crushed slag mud flows out along the guide groove (454) as the drill rod (1) rotates and the connecting hole (455) supplies water.

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