Mining and discharging method for opencast coal mine

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a mining and discharging method for an open pit coal mine, and the method comprises the steps: building a mining and discharging initial model of a stope and a dumping site based on the geological conditions of the stope and the dumping site; constructing a goaf mining model based on the geological condition of the goaf; optimizing dumping site parameters of the mining and drainage initial model based on the goaf model to obtain a mining and drainage model; and carrying out mining and drainage and reclamation based on the mining and drainage model and the goaf model. The mining and drainage method comprises the following steps: firstly, constructing initial mining and drainage models of a stope and a dumping site and a goaf model of a goaf; parameters of the initial mining and drainage model are optimized based on the goaf model, and an optimized mining and drainage model is obtained; and finally, based on the mining and drainage model and the goaf model, excavating a stope, temporarily storing the excavated waste in a dumping site, and finally transferring the waste to the goaf so as to fill the goaf, so that the surface collapse of the goaf is reduced, and the utilization rate of the waste of the opencast coal mine is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The embodiments of the present disclosure belong to the technical field of coal mining and drainage, and specifically relate to a mining and drainage method for an open-pit coal mine. Background Art

[0002] Coal mines are one of the important mineral resources and the foundation of social production, development and progress. Coal mining methods can generally be divided into underground coal mines and open-pit coal mines; underground coal mines refer to mining coal by digging tunnels underground; open-pit coal mines refer to coal seams that are very close to the surface and can be mined directly by directly stripping the surface soil layer.

[0003] With the continuous exploitation of coal resources, the environmental problems of open-pit mines and underground mines are becoming increasingly prominent, especially the surface subsidence and collapse caused by goaf areas. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a mining and drainage method for open-pit coal mines to solve the surface subsidence and collapse problems in goaf areas. Summary of the invention

[0004] The embodiments of the present disclosure aim to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art and provide a mining and drainage method for an open-pit coal mine.

[0005] An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a mining and drainage method for an open-pit coal mine, the mining and drainage method for an open-pit coal mine comprising:

[0006] Based on the geological conditions of the stope and dump, construct the initial mining and dumping model of the stope and dump;

[0007] Based on the geological conditions of the goaf, a goaf model is constructed;

[0008] Based on the goaf model, the dump parameters of the initial mining and drainage model are optimized to obtain the mining and drainage model;

[0009] Mining and reclamation are carried out based on the mining and drainage model and the mining model.

[0010] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the construction of the mining and dumping models of the mining and dumping sites based on the geological conditions of the mining and dumping sites specifically includes:

[0011] Determine the parameters of the mining field of the mining and drainage model based on the geological conditions of the mining field;

[0012] Based on the geological conditions of the spoil dump, determine the parameters of the spoil dump of the mining and drainage model.

[0013] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, determining the parameters of the spoil dump of the mining and drainage model based on the geological conditions of the spoil dump specifically includes:

[0014] Based on the sliding results of the spoil dump, the spoil dump parameters of the mining and drainage model are determined.

[0015] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, determining the spoil dump parameters of the mining and drainage model based on the sliding result of the spoil dump specifically includes:

[0016] Obtain the geological conditions of the dump and the physical and mechanical parameters of the waste in the dump;

[0017] Calculate the initial mining and drainage model based on the geological conditions of the dump and the physical and mechanical parameters of the waste;

[0018] According to the occurrence of sliding in the dumping ground of the initial mining and drainage model, the slope, landfill height and drainage system of the dumping ground of the initial mining and drainage model are optimized;

[0019] Based on the fact that no sliding occurred in the spoil dump of the initial mining and drainage model, the slope, landfill height and drainage system of the spoil dump of the initial mining and drainage model are determined.

[0020] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, determining the parameters of the spoil dump of the mining and drainage model based on the geological conditions of the spoil dump specifically includes:

[0021] Based on the time-dependent slope stability of the dump, the dump parameters of the initial mining and drainage model are determined.

[0022] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, determining the spoil dump parameters of the initial mining and drainage model based on the time-dependent slope stability of the spoil dump specifically includes:

[0023] Obtain geological, topographical, meteorological, hydrological information of the dump and physical parameters of the waste;

[0024] Calculate the initial model of mining and drainage based on the geological, topographic, meteorological, hydrological information of the dump and the physical parameters of the waste;

[0025] According to the fact that the slope of the dumping ground of the initial mining and drainage model is in an unstable state, the parameters of the slope reinforcement structure of the initial mining and drainage model are optimized;

[0026] According to the fact that the slope of the spoil dump of the initial mining and drainage model is in a stable state, the parameters of the slope reinforcement structure of the initial mining and drainage model are determined.

[0027] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, constructing a goaf model of the goaf based on the geological conditions of the goaf specifically includes:

[0028] Obtain the distribution of coal seams, rock layers and geological structures in the goaf;

[0029] Obtain the coal mining depth, coal mining method, shape and size of the goaf;

[0030] A goaf model is established based on the coal seam distribution, rock stratum distribution, geological structure, mining depth, mining method, goaf shape and size of the goaf.

[0031] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the method of optimizing the spoil dump parameters of the initial mining and drainage model based on the goaf model to obtain the mining and drainage model specifically includes:

[0032] Based on the settlement conditions and / or stress analysis results of the mining model, the slope of the spoil dump of the initial mining and drainage model is optimized.

[0033] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the method of optimizing the spoil dump parameters of the initial mining and drainage model based on the goaf model to obtain the mining and drainage model specifically includes:

[0034] Based on the settlement of the mining model, the drainage system parameters of the spoil dump of the initial mining and drainage model are optimized.

[0035] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the method of optimizing the spoil dump parameters of the initial mining and drainage model based on the goaf model to obtain the mining and drainage model specifically includes:

[0036] Based on the stress analysis results of the mining model, the landfill height and slope reinforcement parameters of the spoil dump of the initial mining and drainage model are optimized.

[0037] According to the mining and drainage method of an open-pit coal mine of the embodiment of the present disclosure, the geological parameters, geographical parameters and geometric parameters of the mining site are first obtained, and the geological parameters, geographical parameters and geometric parameters of the spoil dump are obtained. Based on the geological parameters, geographical parameters and geometric parameters of the mining site and the spoil dump, a common mining and drainage initial model of the mining site and the spoil dump is constructed; based on the geological parameters, geographical parameters and geometric parameters of the goaf, a goaf model of the goaf is constructed; based on the goaf model, the parameters of the spoil dump of the mining and drainage initial model are optimized. numbers, so that the spoil dump meets the needs of spoil dumping and reclamation, and an optimized mining and drainage model is obtained; finally, based on the mining and drainage model and the goaf model, the mine is excavated, and the excavated spoil is temporarily stored in the spoil dump, and finally the spoil in the spoil dump is transferred to the goaf to fill the goaf. The spoil dump serves as a transfer site for spoil, and its temporarily stored spoil is less, which reduces the dust caused by the spoil in the spoil dump. The spoil is finally buried in the goaf, which can reduce the surface subsidence and collapse of the goaf and improve the utilization rate of spoil in open-pit coal mines. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 The present invention is a flow chart of a mining and drainage method for an open-pit coal mine according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments described herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided in order to enable a more thorough understanding of the present disclosure and to fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0040] It should be understood that the terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific example embodiments and are not intended to be limiting. Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular forms "one", "an" and "said" as used herein may also be meant to include plural forms. The terms "include", "comprise", "contain", and "have" are inclusive, and therefore specify the existence of stated features, steps, operations, elements and / or parts, but do not exclude the existence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, elements, parts, and / or combinations thereof. The method steps, processes, and operations described herein are not interpreted as necessarily requiring them to be performed in the specific order described or illustrated, unless the execution order is clearly indicated. It should also be understood that additional or alternative steps may be used.

[0041] Although the terms first, second, third, etc. can be used in the text to describe multiple elements, components, regions, layers and / or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers and / or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms can only be used to distinguish an element, component, region, layer or section from another region, layer or section. Unless the context clearly indicates, terms such as "first", "second" and other numerical terms do not imply order or sequence when used in the text. Therefore, the first element, component, region, layer or section discussed below can be referred to as the second element, component, region, layer or section without departing from the teaching of the example embodiments.

[0042] For ease of description, spatial relative terms may be used herein to describe the relationship of one element or feature relative to another element or feature as shown in the figure, such as "inside", "outside", "inner side", "outer side", "below", "below", "above", "above", etc. Such spatial relative terms are intended to include different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figure. For example, if the device in the figure is turned over, then the elements described as "below other elements or features" or "below other elements or features" will subsequently be oriented as "above other elements or features" or "above other elements or features". Therefore, the example term "below..." can include both upper and lower orientations. The device can be oriented otherwise (rotated 90 degrees or in other directions) and the spatial relative descriptors used in the text are interpreted accordingly.

[0043] like Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a mining and drainage method for an open-pit coal mine, the mining and drainage method for an open-pit coal mine comprising:

[0044] S100: Based on the geological conditions of the stope and dump, construct the initial mining and dumping model of the stope and dump;

[0045] S200: constructing a goaf model of the goaf based on the geological conditions of the goaf;

[0046] S300: Optimizing the dump parameters of the initial mining and drainage model based on the goaf model to obtain the mining and drainage model;

[0047] S400: Based on the mining and drainage model and the mining model, mining and reclamation are carried out.

[0048] According to the mining and drainage method of an open-pit coal mine of the embodiment of the present disclosure, the geological parameters, geographical parameters and geometric parameters of the mining site are first obtained, and the geological parameters, geographical parameters and geometric parameters of the spoil dump are obtained. Based on the geological parameters, geographical parameters and geometric parameters of the mining site and the spoil dump, a common mining and drainage initial model of the mining site and the spoil dump is constructed; based on the geological parameters, geographical parameters and geometric parameters of the goaf, a goaf model of the goaf is constructed; based on the goaf model, the parameters of the spoil dump of the mining and drainage initial model are optimized. numbers, so that the spoil dump meets the needs of spoil dumping and reclamation, and an optimized mining and drainage model is obtained; finally, based on the mining and drainage model and the goaf model, the mine is excavated, and the excavated spoil is temporarily stored in the spoil dump, and finally the spoil in the spoil dump is transferred to the goaf to fill the goaf. The spoil dump serves as a transfer site for spoil, and its temporarily stored spoil is less, which reduces the dust caused by the spoil in the spoil dump. The spoil is finally buried in the goaf, which can reduce the surface subsidence and collapse of the goaf and improve the utilization rate of spoil in open-pit coal mines.

[0049] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, S100: constructing a mining and dumping model of the stope and dump based on the geological conditions of the stope and dump, specifically including:

[0050] S110: Based on the geological conditions of the stope, determine the stope parameters of the mining and drainage model;

[0051] S120: Determine the parameters of the spoil dump of the mining and drainage model based on the geological conditions of the spoil dump.

[0052] Obtain the geological parameters, geographic parameters, geometric parameters and mining data of the mining site, and determine the parameters of the mining site of the mining and drainage model based on the geological parameters, geographic parameters, geometric parameters and mining data of the mining site; obtain the geological parameters, geographic parameters and geometric parameters of the spoil dump, and determine the parameters of the spoil dump of the mining and drainage model based on the geological parameters, geographic parameters, geometric parameters and mining data of the spoil dump.

[0053] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, S120: determining the parameters of the spoil dump of the mining and drainage model based on the geological conditions of the spoil dump, specifically includes:

[0054] S121: Determine the spoil dump parameters of the mining and drainage model based on the sliding results of the spoil dump.

[0055] The spoil dump has several sliding modes, including surface sliding, shallow sliding, deep sliding, compound sliding, earthquake-induced sliding and seepage-induced sliding. Among them, surface sliding occurs on the surface of the spoil dump, shallow sliding occurs in the shallow layer of the spoil dump, deep sliding occurs in the deep layer of the spoil dump, compound sliding occurs at multiple levels of the spoil dump, earthquake-induced sliding occurs under earthquake action, and seepage-induced sliding occurs under groundwater infiltration. According to the possible sliding modes of the spoil dump, the parameters of the spoil dump of the mining and drainage model are optimized.

[0056] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, S121: determining the spoil dump parameters of the mining and drainage model based on the sliding result of the spoil dump, specifically includes:

[0057] Obtain the geological conditions of the dump and the physical and mechanical parameters of the waste in the dump;

[0058] Calculate the initial mining and drainage model based on the geological conditions of the dump and the physical and mechanical parameters of the waste;

[0059] According to the occurrence of sliding in the dumping ground of the initial mining and drainage model, the slope, landfill height and drainage system of the dumping ground of the initial mining and drainage model are optimized;

[0060] Based on the fact that no sliding occurred in the spoil dump of the initial mining and drainage model, the slope, landfill height and drainage system of the spoil dump of the initial mining and drainage model are determined.

[0061] Specifically, firstly, the geological parameters, geographical parameters and geometric parameters of the spoil dump are obtained, and the physical and mechanical parameters of the waste on the spoil dump are obtained; then, the geological parameters, geographical parameters, geometric parameters and physical and mechanical parameters of the spoil of the spoil dump are substituted into the initial mining and drainage model, and the simulation calculation of the initial mining and drainage model is carried out; according to the simulation results of the initial mining and drainage model showing that the spoil dump has slipped, the slope, landfill height and drainage system structure of the spoil dump of the initial mining and drainage model are optimized, and the initial mining and drainage model after data optimization repeats the above calculation and optimization steps until the simulation results of the initial mining and drainage model show that the spoil dump has not slipped, and the slope, landfill height and drainage system parameters of the spoil dump of the initial mining and drainage model are determined.

[0062] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, S120: determining the parameters of the spoil dump of the mining and drainage model based on the geological conditions of the spoil dump, specifically includes:

[0063] S122: Determine the spoil dump parameters of the initial mining and drainage model based on the time-dependent slope stability of the spoil dump.

[0064] According to whether the time-effect slope of the dump is stable, determine whether the dump parameters of the initial mining and drainage model need to be optimized. When the time-effect slope of the dump is in an unstable state, optimize the dump parameters of the initial mining and drainage model until the time-effect slope of the dump is in a stable state, then determine the dump parameters of the initial mining and drainage model.

[0065] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, S122: determining the dump parameters of the initial model of mining and drainage based on the time-dependent slope stability of the dump, specifically includes:

[0066] Obtain geological, topographical, meteorological, hydrological information of the dump and physical parameters of the waste;

[0067] Calculate the initial model of mining and drainage based on the geological, topographic, meteorological, hydrological information of the dump and the physical parameters of the waste;

[0068] According to the fact that the slope of the dumping ground of the initial mining and drainage model is in an unstable state, the parameters of the slope reinforcement structure of the initial mining and drainage model are optimized;

[0069] According to the fact that the slope of the spoil dump of the initial mining and drainage model is in a stable state, the parameters of the slope reinforcement structure of the initial mining and drainage model are determined.

[0070] Specifically, firstly, the geological parameters, geographical parameters and geometric parameters of the spoil dump are obtained, and the physical and mechanical parameters of the spoil on the spoil dump are obtained; then, the geological parameters, geographical parameters, geometric parameters and physical and mechanical parameters of the spoil of the spoil dump are substituted into the initial mining and drainage model, and the simulation calculation of the initial mining and drainage model is carried out; according to the fact that the slope of the spoil dump of the initial mining and drainage model is in an unstable state, the parameters of the slope reinforcement structure of the initial mining and drainage model are optimized, and the initial mining and drainage model after data optimization repeats the above calculation and optimization steps until the simulation result of the initial mining and drainage model shows that the slope of the spoil dump is in a stable state, and the parameters of the slope reinforcement structure of the spoil dump of the initial mining and drainage model are determined.

[0071] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, S200: constructing a goaf model of the goaf based on the geological conditions of the goaf, specifically including:

[0072] Obtain the distribution of coal seams, rock layers and geological structures in the goaf;

[0073] Obtain the coal mining depth, coal mining method, shape and size of the goaf;

[0074] A goaf model is established based on the coal seam distribution, rock stratum distribution, geological structure, mining depth, mining method, goaf shape and size of the goaf.

[0075] Specifically, first obtain the geological conditions of the goaf, such as coal seam distribution, rock stratum distribution and geological structure, and then obtain the coal mining information of the goaf, such as coal mining depth, coal mining method, goaf shape and size, etc. Based on the geological conditions and coal mining information of the goaf, establish a goaf model of the goaf to optimize the data of the spoil dump of the mining and drainage model.

[0076] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, S300: optimizing the spoil dump parameters of the initial mining and drainage model based on the goaf model to obtain the mining and drainage model specifically includes:

[0077] S310: Optimizing the slope of the spoil dump of the initial mining and drainage model based on the settlement conditions of the mining model and / or stress analysis results.

[0078] Specifically, based on the settlement of the mining model, the slope of the spoil dump of the initial mining and drainage model is optimized; or, based on the stress of the stress analysis results of the mining model exceeding the preset stress value, the slope of the spoil dump of the initial mining and drainage model is optimized; or, based on the settlement of the mining model and the stress of the stress analysis results of the mining model exceeding the preset stress value, the slope of the spoil dump of the initial mining and drainage model is optimized.

[0079] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, S300: optimizing the spoil dump parameters of the initial mining and drainage model based on the goaf model to obtain the mining and drainage model specifically includes:

[0080] S320: Based on the settlement of the mining model, optimize the drainage system parameters of the spoil dump of the initial mining and drainage model.

[0081] Specifically, according to the settlement of the mining model, the parameters of the drainage system of the dump of the initial mining and drainage model are optimized; according to the fact that the mining model does not settle, the parameters of the drainage system of the dump of the initial mining and drainage model are determined.

[0082] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, S300: optimizing the spoil dump parameters of the initial mining and drainage model based on the goaf model to obtain the mining and drainage model specifically includes:

[0083] S330: Based on the stress analysis results of the mining model, optimize the landfill height and slope reinforcement parameters of the spoil dump of the initial mining and drainage model.

[0084] Specifically, based on the fact that the stress of the stress analysis results of the goaf model exceeds the preset stress value, the buried depth height and slope reinforcement parameters of the spoil dump of the initial mining and drainage model are optimized; based on the fact that the stress of the stress analysis results of the goaf model does not exceed the preset stress value, the buried depth height and slope reinforcement parameters of the spoil dump of the initial mining and drainage model are determined.

[0085] S400: Based on the mining and drainage model and the mining model, mining and reclamation are carried out.

[0086] Based on the mining and drainage model and the goaf model, the mining site is excavated, and the excavated waste is temporarily stored in the spoil dump. Finally, the waste in the spoil dump is transferred to the goaf for landfill. The spoil dump serves as a transfer site for waste, and its temporarily stored waste is less, which reduces the dust caused by the waste in the spoil dump. The waste is finally buried in the goaf, which can reduce the surface subsidence and collapse of the goaf and improve the utilization rate of waste in open-pit coal mines.

[0087] It is to be understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments used to illustrate the principles of the present disclosure, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For those of ordinary skill in the art, various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and substance of the present disclosure, and these modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A method for mining and draining an open-pit coal mine, characterized in that: The mining and drainage method of the open-pit coal mine comprises: Based on the geological conditions of the stope and dump, construct the initial mining and dumping model of the stope and dump; Based on the geological conditions of the goaf, a goaf model is constructed; Based on the goaf model, the dump parameters of the initial mining and drainage model are optimized to obtain the mining and drainage model; Mining and reclamation are carried out based on the mining and drainage model and the mining model.

2. The method for mining and draining an open-pit coal mine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mining and dumping models of the stope and dump are constructed based on the geological conditions of the stope and dump, specifically including: Determine the parameters of the mining field of the mining and drainage model based on the geological conditions of the mining field; Based on the geological conditions of the spoil dump, determine the parameters of the spoil dump of the mining and drainage model.

3. The method for mining and draining an open-pit coal mine according to claim 2, characterized in that: Determining the parameters of the spoil dump of the mining and drainage model based on the geological conditions of the spoil dump specifically includes: Based on the sliding results of the spoil dump, the spoil dump parameters of the mining and drainage model are determined.

4. The method for mining and draining an open-pit coal mine according to claim 3, characterized in that: The dump parameters of the mining and drainage model are determined based on the sliding results of the dump, specifically including: Obtain the geological conditions of the dump and the physical and mechanical parameters of the waste in the dump; Calculate the initial mining and drainage model based on the geological conditions of the dump and the physical and mechanical parameters of the waste; According to the occurrence of sliding in the dumping ground of the initial mining and drainage model, the slope, landfill height and drainage system of the dumping ground of the initial mining and drainage model are optimized; Based on the fact that no sliding occurred in the spoil dump of the initial mining and drainage model, the slope, landfill height and drainage system of the spoil dump of the initial mining and drainage model are determined.

5. The open-pit coal mine mining and drainage method according to claim 2, characterized in that: Determining the parameters of the spoil dump of the mining and drainage model based on the geological conditions of the spoil dump specifically includes: Based on the time-dependent slope stability of the dump, the dump parameters of the initial mining and drainage model are determined.

6. The method for mining and draining an open-pit coal mine according to claim 5, characterized in that: The dump parameters of the initial model of mining and drainage are determined based on the time-dependent slope stability of the dump, specifically including: Obtain geological, topographical, meteorological, hydrological information of the dump and physical parameters of the waste; Calculate the initial model of mining and drainage based on the geological, topographic, meteorological, hydrological information of the dump and the physical parameters of the waste; According to the fact that the slope of the dumping ground of the initial mining and drainage model is in an unstable state, the parameters of the slope reinforcement structure of the initial mining and drainage model are optimized; According to the fact that the slope of the spoil dump of the initial mining and drainage model is in a stable state, the parameters of the slope reinforcement structure of the initial mining and drainage model are determined.

7. The open-pit coal mine mining and drainage method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The construction of a goaf model of the goaf based on the geological conditions of the goaf specifically includes: Obtain the distribution of coal seams, rock layers and geological structures in the goaf; Obtain the coal mining depth, coal mining method, shape and size of the goaf; A goaf model is established based on the coal seam distribution, rock stratum distribution, geological structure, mining depth, mining method, goaf shape and size of the goaf.

8. The method for mining and draining an open-pit coal mine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of optimizing the spoil dump parameters of the initial mining and drainage model based on the goaf model to obtain the mining and drainage model specifically includes: Based on the settlement conditions and / or stress analysis results of the mining model, the slope of the spoil dump of the initial mining and drainage model is optimized.

9. The open-pit coal mine mining and drainage method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of optimizing the spoil dump parameters of the initial mining and drainage model based on the goaf model to obtain the mining and drainage model specifically includes: Based on the settlement of the mining model, the drainage system parameters of the spoil dump of the initial mining and drainage model are optimized.

10. The open-pit coal mine mining and drainage method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of optimizing the spoil dump parameters of the initial mining and drainage model based on the goaf model to obtain the mining and drainage model specifically includes: Based on the stress analysis results of the mining model, the landfill height and slope reinforcement parameters of the spoil dump of the initial mining and drainage model are optimized.

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