A multi-stage telescopic full-face rock tunnel boring machine shield

Abstract

This invention relates to a multi-stage telescopic full-face rock tunnel boring machine shield, comprising a shield and at least one pair of tensioning devices, each pair of tensioning devices being symmetrically arranged around the center point of the shield. Each tensioning device includes a tensioning arm, a rotary drive mechanism, and a telescopic mechanism. The tensioning arm is rotatably mounted on the end face of the shield, and the rotary drive mechanism is connected to the tensioning arm to drive the tensioning arm to rotate in the plane containing the end face of the shield. The telescopic mechanism can extend and retract axially with the tensioning arm, so that the top end of the telescopic mechanism abuts against the tunnel wall. In the retracted state, the telescopic mechanism extends, with its top end abutting against the tunnel wall, compensating for the gap between the shield and the tunnel wall at the intersection of the Y-shaped tunnel. By increasing the extension length of the telescopic mechanism, it effectively matches the ever-increasing tensioning distance at the intersection of the Y-shaped tunnel, avoiding the need for manual pouring of support points or the use of other auxiliary tools in areas where the tensioning system cannot reach, thus improving construction efficiency and reducing construction costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of shield technology for full-face rock tunnel boring machines, and particularly to a multi-stage telescopic shield for full-face rock tunnel boring machines. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, with the acceleration of underground space construction and underground resource extraction and the development of design technology, underground tunnels have become increasingly complex, and the diversity of underground engineering excavation chambers has increased day by day. Full-face rock tunnel boring machines will face tunnels with different geology, different diameters and different types.

[0003] Meanwhile, modern underground space construction and underground resource extraction often involve complex multi-channel tunnels rather than single tunnels. In the mining industry, multi-stage Y-shaped tunnels are the most common type of multi-channel tunnel. When using the full-face rock tunnel boring machine (MTBM) method to construct Y-shaped tunnels, after excavating the first tunnel, the MTBM needs to be retracted to the intersection of the Y-shaped tunnels before a second launch to excavate the other side of the Y. Because one tunnel has already been excavated at the intersection, starting the excavation of the other side inevitably results in the MTBM's stabilization system failing to reach the tunnel wall, and this stabilization distance continuously increases. These challenges are the key obstacles hindering the development of the MTBM method in multi-stage Y-shaped tunnels.

[0004] To address this challenge, the current approach often involves filling gaps, which means manually pouring concrete or using other auxiliary tools where the support system cannot reach, so that the support system can support the concrete or the auxiliary tools. However, this method is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and expensive. Summary of the Invention

[0005] (1) Technical issues to be resolved

[0006] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings and deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a multi-stage telescopic full-face rock tunnel boring machine shield.

[0007] (2) Technical solution

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the multi-stage telescopic full-face rock tunnel boring machine shield of the present invention includes a shield and at least one pair of tensioning devices, each pair of tensioning devices being symmetrically arranged about the center point of the shield.

[0009] The tensioning device includes a tensioning arm, a rotary drive mechanism, and a telescopic mechanism. The tensioning arm is rotatably mounted on the end face of the shield, and the rotary drive mechanism is connected to the tensioning arm to drive the tensioning arm to rotate in the plane where the end face of the shield is located.

[0010] The telescopic mechanism is capable of axial extension and retraction of the support arm so that the top of the telescopic mechanism abuts against the tunnel wall.

[0011] Optionally, the telescopic mechanism includes at least two stages of telescopic arms.

[0012] Optionally, the telescopic mechanism further includes the telescopic drive assembly, which is disposed on the tensioning arm and connected to the telescopic arm to drive the telescopic arm to extend and retract along the axial direction of the tensioning arm.

[0013] Optionally, the telescopic drive assembly is a telescopic hydraulic cylinder, the cylinder body of which is mounted on the tensioning arm, and the piston rod of which is connected to the top end of the telescopic arm.

[0014] Optionally, the multi-stage telescopic full-face rock tunnel boring machine shield includes a pair of the aforementioned tensioning devices;

[0015] The line connecting the tensioning arms of the pair of tensioning devices to the rotational connection point of the shield is orthogonal to the axis of the shield, and the line is horizontal.

[0016] Optionally, the rotary drive mechanism drives a pair of the tensioning devices to switch between a first state and a second state;

[0017] In the first state, the tensioning arm is vertically positioned, and the tensioning device is retracted inside the shield;

[0018] In the second state, the tensioning arm is set horizontally, with the top of the tensioning arm facing the tunnel wall.

[0019] Optionally, the shield includes a top shield, a left overlapping shield, a left side shield, a bottom shield, a right side shield, and a right overlapping shield arranged sequentially along the circumference.

[0020] Optionally, the top shield is located on top of the shield and is connected to the main drive equipment of the shield via a first guide sleeve and a first hydraulic cylinder;

[0021] The left and right shields are located on the left and right sides of the shield, respectively, and are connected to the main drive equipment of the shield through the second guide sleeve and the second hydraulic cylinder.

[0022] The left overlapping shield is located between the top shield and the left shield. The first end of the left overlapping shield is hinged to the top shield, and the second end overlaps the left side shield. The right overlapping shield is located between the top shield and the right shield. The first end of the right overlapping shield is hinged to the top shield, and the second end overlaps the right side shield. When the top shield, the left shield, and the right shield expand their diameter once, the left overlapping shield and the right overlapping shield expand their diameter along with the top shield. The second end of the left overlapping shield always overlaps the left side shield, and the second end of the right overlapping shield always overlaps the right side shield.

[0023] The bottom shield is located at the bottom of the shield and is connected to the main drive equipment of the shield through a third guide sleeve and a third hydraulic cylinder. The left side shield and the right side shield are detachably connected to the bottom shield.

[0024] Optionally, the top shield, the left shield, and the right shield are each provided with shield support boots that can extend and retract radially along the shield.

[0025] Optionally, both the first guide sleeve and the second guide sleeve are provided with lifting cylinders, and the piston rod of the lifting cylinder is connected to the shield support shoe to drive the shield support shoe to extend radially out of the shield.

[0026] (III) Beneficial Effects

[0027] The tensioning device is integrated into the shield. When the full-face rock tunnel boring machine encounters an intersection of Y-shaped tunnels where the support distance is insufficient, the rotary drive mechanism drives the tensioning arm to rotate and open, eliminating the need for temporary installation and ensuring high operational efficiency. The telescopic mechanism can extend and retract axially with the tensioning arm. When retracted, the telescopic mechanism extends, with its tip abutting against the tunnel wall to compensate for the gap between the shield and the tunnel wall at the intersection of the Y-shaped tunnel. By increasing the extension length of the telescopic mechanism, it effectively matches the ever-increasing tensioning distance at the intersection of the Y-shaped tunnels, avoiding the need for manual pouring of support points or the use of other auxiliary tools in areas where the tensioning system cannot reach. This improves construction efficiency and reduces construction costs. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a construction diagram of the intersection of a Y-shaped tunnel;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the multi-stage telescopic full-section rock tunnel boring machine shield of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the tensioning device of the multi-stage telescopic full-section rock tunnel boring machine shield of the present invention after rotation;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the tensioning device for the multi-stage telescopic full-section rock tunnel boring machine shield of the present invention in the first state.

[0032] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the tensioning device for the multi-stage telescopic full-section rock tunnel boring machine shield of the present invention in the second state.

[0033] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the three-stage telescopic structure of the multi-stage telescopic full-section rock tunnel boring machine shield of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the four-stage telescopic structure of the multi-stage telescopic full-section rock tunnel boring machine shield of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the shield support boot of the multi-stage telescopic full-section rock tunnel boring machine shield of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the first-stage expansion structure of the multi-stage telescopic full-section rock tunnel boring machine shield of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the two-stage telescopic structure of the shield of the multi-stage telescopic full-section rock tunnel boring machine of the present invention.

[0038] [Explanation of Labels in the Attached Image]

[0039] 100: Full-face rock tunnel boring machine;

[0040] 1: Top shield; 2: Left overlapping shield; 3: Right overlapping shield; 4: Left side shield; 5: Right side shield; 6: Bottom shield; 7: Tensioning device; 71: Telescopic arm; 8: Shield support boot. Detailed Implementation

[0041] To better explain and facilitate understanding of the present invention, a detailed description of the invention is provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. In this document, directional terms such as "upper," "lower," etc., are used interchangeably with respect to... Figure 1 The orientation is used as a reference.

[0042] While exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that the invention can be understood more clearly and thoroughly, and that the scope of the invention can be fully conveyed to those skilled in the art.

[0043] like Figures 1 to 4As shown, this invention provides a multi-stage telescopic full-face rock tunnel boring machine shield, comprising a shield and at least one pair of tensioning devices 7, each pair of tensioning devices 7 being symmetrically arranged about the center point of the shield. Each tensioning device 7 includes a tensioning arm, a rotary drive mechanism, and a telescopic mechanism. The tensioning arm is rotatably mounted on the end face of the shield, and the rotary drive mechanism is connected to the tensioning arm to drive the tensioning arm to rotate in the plane containing the end face of the shield. See also... Figure 1 and Figure 3 The tensioning device 7 is integrated into the shield. When the full-face rock tunnel boring machine 100 encounters an intersection of a Y-shaped tunnel where the support distance is insufficient, the rotary drive mechanism drives the tensioning arm to rotate and open, eliminating the need for temporary installation and resulting in high operating efficiency. See also Figure 4 After the support is completed, the tensioning arm rotates and retracts to prevent it from contacting the tunnel wall. The telescopic mechanism can extend and retract axially with the tensioning arm. When retracted, the telescopic mechanism extends, with its tip abutting against the tunnel wall to compensate for the gap between the shield and the tunnel wall at the intersection of the Y-shaped tunnel. By increasing the extension length of the telescopic mechanism, it can effectively match the ever-increasing tensioning distance at the intersection of the Y-shaped tunnel, avoiding the need for manual pouring of support points or the use of other auxiliary tools in areas where the tensioning system cannot reach. This improves construction efficiency and reduces construction costs.

[0044] like Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the telescopic mechanism includes at least two stages of telescopic arms 71. The number of stages and the length of each stage together determine the support distance. By setting multiple stages of telescopic arms 71, the support distance can be effectively increased. The multi-stage telescopic arms 71 are hydraulically driven for telescopic changes, and can be directly used as multi-stage hydraulic cylinders, simplifying the equipment structure. Different lengths are extended according to different support distances, allowing the top of the telescopic arms 71 to effectively abut against the tunnel wall. In addition, the telescopic mechanism may also include a telescopic drive assembly, which is mounted on the tensioning arm and connected to the telescopic arms 71 to drive the telescopic arms 71 to extend and retract axially along the tensioning arm. The telescopic drive assembly is a telescopic cylinder, installed inside the tensioning arm. The cylinder body of the telescopic cylinder is connected to the tensioning arm, and the piston rod of the telescopic cylinder is connected to the top of the last stage of the telescopic arm 71.

[0045] At the intersection of the Y-shaped tunnels, the longitudinal distance remains constant, while only the lateral distance increases. Therefore, in a preferred embodiment, see... Figure 7 The multi-stage telescopic full-face rock tunnel boring machine shield includes a pair of laterally arranged tensioning devices 7. The line connecting the tensioning arm of this pair of tensioning devices 7 to the rotation connection point of the shield is orthogonal to the axis of the shield, and the line is horizontal, ensuring that the telescopic arm 71 on the tensioning arm extends horizontally.

[0046] See Figure 4 and Figure 5 The rotary drive mechanism drives the tensioning device 7 to switch between a first state and a second state. In the first state, the tensioning arm is vertically positioned, and the tensioning device 7 retracts inside the shield to prevent the tensioning arm from contacting the tunnel wall and hindering the advancement of the full-face rock tunnel boring machine 100. In the second state, the tensioning arm rotates 90° under the action of the rotary drive mechanism, and the tensioning arm is horizontally positioned with its tip facing the tunnel wall, thereby directing the extension direction of the telescopic mechanism toward the tunnel wall.

[0047] See Figure 1 The shield includes a top shield 1, a left overlapping shield 2, a left side shield 4, a bottom shield 6, a right side shield 5, and a right overlapping shield 3 arranged sequentially along the circumference.

[0048] See Figure 1 and Figure 9 The top shield 1 is located at the top of the shield and is connected to the main drive equipment of the shield via a first guide sleeve and a first hydraulic cylinder. The first guide sleeve is arranged radially along the shield. During expansion, the top shield 1 is driven to move along the first guide sleeve via the first hydraulic cylinder. The left shield 4 and the right shield 5 are located on the left and right sides of the shield, respectively. Both are connected to the main drive equipment of the shield via a second guide sleeve and a second hydraulic cylinder. The second guide sleeve is arranged radially along the shield. During expansion, the left shield 4 and the right shield 5 are driven to move along the second guide sleeve via the second hydraulic cylinder. The left overlapping shield 2 is located between the top shield 1 and the left shield. The first end of the left overlapping shield 2 is hinged to the top shield 1, and the second end overlaps the left shield 4. The right overlapping shield 3 is located between the top shield 1 and the right shield. The first end of the right overlapping shield 3 is hinged to the top shield 1, and the second end overlaps the right shield 5. During the expansion of the top shield 1, left side shield 4, and right side shield 5, the left overlapping shield 2 and right overlapping shield 3 expand along with the top shield 1. The second end of the left overlapping shield 2 always overlaps the left side shield 4, and the second end of the right overlapping shield 3 always overlaps the right side shield 5 to prevent soil from entering the shield's interior. The bottom shield 6 is located at the bottom of the shield and is connected to the shield's main drive equipment via a third guide sleeve and a third hydraulic cylinder, serving to support the main drive equipment and the entire shield. The third guide sleeve is arranged radially along the shield, and during expansion, the bottom shield 6 is driven to move along the third guide sleeve via the third hydraulic cylinder. The left side shield 4 and right side shield 5 are detachably connected to the bottom shield 6. Preferably, the left side shield 4 and right side shield 5 are bolted to the bottom shield 6. When the shield needs to expand, the bolts between the bottom shield 6 and the two side shields can be loosened.

[0049] See Figure 1 and Figure 8As shown, the top shield 1, the left shield 4, and the right shield 5 are all equipped with shield support shoes 8 that can extend and retract radially along the shield. Specifically, a lifting cylinder is installed in both the first guide sleeve and the second guide sleeve. The piston rod of the lifting cylinder is connected to the shield support shoe 8. The lifting cylinder drives the shield support shoe 8 to extend radially outside the shield, completing the two-stage extension and retraction.

[0050] Working steps and working principle of the shield of a multi-stage telescopic full-face rock tunnel boring machine:

[0051] Under normal operating conditions, the hydraulic cylinders on the shield are all in the fully retracted state, the telescopic mechanism on the tensioning arm is in the retracted state, and the tensioning arm is vertically set towards the bottom of the tunnel.

[0052] When the distance requiring the shield to be held up keeps increasing:

[0053] First-stage diameter expansion: See Figure 9 The connection between the bottom shield 6 and the left shield 4 and right shield 5 is released. The shield cylinders of the bottom shield 6, left shield 4 and right shield 5 connected to the main drive equipment extend. The bottom shield 6, left shield 4 and right shield 5 expand outward along their respective guide sleeves. After expanding to the set size, the bottom shield 6 is reconnected to the left shield 4 and right shield 5. Preferably, it is a bolt connection, and bolt interfaces for diameter reduction are reserved on the bottom shield 6, left shield 4 and right shield 5.

[0054] Secondary scaling: See Figure 10 The shield support boot 8 extends out from the sleeve of the shield under the action of the lifting cylinder;

[0055] Three-level scaling: See also Figure 5 The shield support boot 8 retracts, and the tensioning arm rotates 90° under the action of the rotary drive mechanism, making the tensioning arm horizontally facing the tunnel wall. See also Figure 6 The first stage of the telescopic arm 71 extends;

[0056] Level 4 scaling: See also Figure 7 The second stage arm of the telescopic arm 71 extends. Of course, this application can also achieve multi-stage telescopic extension by setting multiple stages of the telescopic arm 71.

[0057] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0058] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0059] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that they are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "over," or "on top" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," or "beneath" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0060] In the description of this specification, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0061] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make modifications, alterations, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-stage telescopic full-face rock tunnel boring machine shield, characterized in that, The multi-stage telescopic full-section rock tunnel boring machine shield includes a shield and at least one pair of tensioning devices (7), each pair of tensioning devices (7) being arranged symmetrically about the center point of the shield; The tensioning device (7) includes a tensioning arm, a rotary drive mechanism, and a telescopic mechanism. The tensioning arm is rotatably disposed on the end face of the shield. The rotary drive mechanism is connected to the tensioning arm to drive the tensioning arm to rotate in the plane on the end face of the shield. The telescopic mechanism is capable of axial extension and retraction of the support arm so that the top of the telescopic mechanism abuts against the tunnel wall.

2. The multi-stage telescopic full-face rock tunnel boring machine shield as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The telescopic mechanism includes at least two telescopic arms (71).

3. The multi-stage telescopic full-face rock tunnel boring machine shield as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The telescopic mechanism further includes a telescopic drive assembly, which is disposed on the support arm and connected to the telescopic arm (71) to drive the telescopic arm (71) to extend and retract along the axial direction of the support arm.

4. The multi-stage telescopic full-face rock tunnel boring machine shield as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The telescopic drive assembly is a telescopic hydraulic cylinder, the cylinder body of which is mounted on the tensioning arm, and the piston rod of which is connected to the top end of the telescopic arm (71).

5. The multi-stage telescopic full-face rock tunnel boring machine shield as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-stage telescopic full-face rock tunnel boring machine shield includes a pair of the aforementioned tensioning devices (7); The line connecting the tensioning arms of the pair of tensioning devices (7) to the rotation connection point of the shield is orthogonal to the axis of the shield and the line is horizontal.

6. The multi-stage telescopic full-face rock tunnel boring machine shield as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The rotary drive mechanism drives the tensioning device (7) to switch between the first state and the second state; In the first state, the tensioning arm is set vertically, and the tensioning device (7) is retracted inside the shield; In the second state, the tensioning arm is set horizontally, with the top of the tensioning arm facing the tunnel wall.

7. The multi-stage telescopic full-face rock tunnel boring machine shield as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The shield includes a top shield (1), a left overlapping shield (2), a left side shield (4), a bottom shield (6), a right side shield (5), and a right overlapping shield (3) arranged sequentially along the circumference.

8. The multi-stage telescopic full-face rock tunnel boring machine shield as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The top shield (1) is located at the top of the shield and is connected to the main drive equipment of the shield through the first guide sleeve and the first hydraulic cylinder; The left shield (4) and the right shield (5) are located on the left and right sides of the shield, respectively, and are connected to the main drive equipment of the shield through the second guide sleeve and the second oil cylinder; The left overlapping shield (2) is located between the top shield (1) and the left side shield (4). The first end of the left overlapping shield (2) is hinged to the top shield (1), and the second end overlaps the left side shield (4). The right overlapping shield (3) is located between the top shield (1) and the right side shield (5). The first end of the right overlapping shield (3) is hinged to the top shield (1), and the second end overlaps the right side shield (5). When the top shield (1), the left side shield (4) and the right side shield (5) expand their diameter once, the left overlapping shield (2) and the right overlapping shield (3) expand their diameter along with the top shield (1). The second end of the left overlapping shield (2) always overlaps the left side shield (4), and the second end of the right overlapping shield (3) always overlaps the right side shield (5). The bottom shield (6) is located at the bottom of the shield and is connected to the main drive equipment of the shield through a third guide sleeve and a third oil cylinder. The left shield (4) and the right shield (5) are detachably connected to the bottom shield (6).

9. The multi-stage telescopic full-face rock tunnel boring machine shield as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The top shield (1), the left shield (4) and the right shield (5) are each provided with shield support boots (8) that can extend and retract radially along the shield.

10. The multi-stage telescopic full-face rock tunnel boring machine shield as described in claim 9, characterized in that, Both the first guide sleeve and the second guide sleeve are equipped with lifting cylinders. The piston rod of the lifting cylinder is connected to the shield support shoe (8) to drive the shield support shoe (8) to extend radially out of the shield.

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