Two-stage planetary gear speed reducer and assembling method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of speed reducers, provides a speed reducer capable of achieving stepless fine adjustment of meshing depth through a combined structure of an eccentric adjusting ring and a gear ring, and particularly relates to a two-stage planetary gear speed reducer and an assembling method. The meshing precision is finely adjusted through the eccentric adjusting ring and the adjusting assembly; the planet carrier is of a split type magnetic attraction coupling structure and is convenient to install and high in stability. The sun gear is provided with a self-adaptive lubricating flow channel which is communicated with an input shaft lubricating oil way through a rotary connector with a temperature control valve, and the flow is adjusted according to the oil temperature. Optimized structures such as an elastic uniform loading ring, an anti-friction coating and heat dissipation fins are further arranged. During assembly, installation of all parts is completed in sequence, and spline connection, planet wheel assembly and gear ring and adjusting assembly installation are included. During working, power is output after being decelerated by the two-stage planetary gear train, meshing precision can be adjusted during operation, lubrication and heat dissipation are guaranteed through the temperature control valve, it is guaranteed that the speed reducer stably and efficiently operates under various working conditions, and the service life is prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of reducers, and provides a reducer which realizes stepless fine adjustment of meshing depth through a combined structure of an eccentric adjustment ring and a gear ring, and particularly relates to a two-stage planetary gear reducer and an assembly method. Background Art

[0002] In modern industrial production, reducers are important power transmission components and are widely used in various mechanical equipment. Planetary gear reducers have been widely used in many fields due to their advantages of small size, large transmission ratio, high load-bearing capacity and high transmission efficiency. However, existing planetary gear reducers still have some problems in actual operation. The gear meshing accuracy is difficult to adjust. After long-term operation, gear wear and other reasons may cause poor meshing, affecting transmission efficiency and equipment life; the structural design of the planetary carrier is not reasonable. When it is subjected to a large load, it is prone to deformation and other problems, affecting transmission stability; the lubrication system cannot be adaptively adjusted according to actual working conditions. At different working temperatures, it cannot guarantee a good lubrication effect, which will also reduce the performance and life of the reducer.

[0003] Therefore, it is of great practical significance to develop a two-stage planetary gear reducer that can solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention proposes a two-stage planetary gear reducer and an assembly method. The present invention realizes the adjustment of the gear meshing accuracy through a unique structural design, improves the load-bearing capacity and stability of the planetary carrier, and optimizes the lubrication system so that it can adapt to changes in working temperature, thereby improving the overall performance and service life of the reducer.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: a two-stage planetary gear reducer, comprising an input shaft, a primary planetary gear train, a secondary planetary gear train and an output shaft, wherein the primary planetary gear train is connected in series with the secondary planetary gear train, the input shaft is coaxially fixed with the sun gear of the primary planetary gear train, and the output shaft is coaxially fixed with the planet carrier of the secondary planetary gear train: The primary planetary gear train and the secondary planetary gear train both include a sun gear, a planetary gear set, a ring gear and a planet carrier; The outer circumference of the gear ring is provided with an adjustable meshing structure, and the adjustable meshing structure includes an eccentric adjustment ring, which is sleeved on the outer circumference of the gear ring and has an inner circumference fixed to the outer circumference of the gear ring; The planet carrier is a split magnetic coupling structure, comprising a first planet carrier body and a second planet carrier body, the upper end surface of the second planet carrier body is provided with a plurality of permanent magnets in an annular array, the lower end surface of the first planet carrier body is provided with a positioning pin corresponding to the permanent magnet, the end of the positioning pin is provided with a conical matching surface, and the end surface of the permanent magnet is provided with a conical groove matching the conical matching surface; An adaptive lubrication flow channel is provided on the tooth surface of the sun gear, the adaptive lubrication flow channel extends inwardly along the tooth surface of the sun gear, a plurality of radial branch holes are provided on the inner wall of the flow channel, and the radial branch holes are connected to the meshing area of ​​the planetary gear set; A lubricating oil circuit is provided at the end of the input shaft, the lubricating oil circuit is connected with the sun gear through a rotary joint, and a temperature control valve is provided in the inner cavity of the rotary joint.

[0006] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the adjustable meshing structure further includes an adjustment assembly, the adjustment assembly includes an adjustment seat fixed on the reducer housing, an adjustment screw is rotatably mounted on the adjustment seat, one end of the adjustment screw is fixedly connected to a worm, a worm wheel is provided below the worm, the worm wheel is meshed with the worm, a manual adjustment wheel is provided at the end of the worm, and an eccentric adjustment ring is meshed with the worm wheel; An axial limit ring is provided between the adjusting screw and the adjusting seat, the inner circumference of the axial limit ring is threadedly connected to the adjusting screw, the outer circumference is gap-matched with the mounting hole of the adjusting seat, and an anti-loosening gasket is provided on the end face of the axial limit ring; The butt joint end faces of the first planet carrier body and the second planet carrier body of the planet carrier are provided with an annular sealing groove, an elastic sealing ring is embedded in the sealing groove, and the permanent magnet and the positioning pin are arranged at positions avoiding the sealing groove.

[0007] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the number of the positioning pins is an odd number and is symmetrically distributed on the end surface of the second planet carrier body, the number of the permanent magnets is the same as the positioning pins, and the magnetic pole direction of each permanent magnet is alternately distributed along the axial direction; The radial branch holes of the adaptive lubrication flow channel are evenly distributed along the tooth surface of the sun gear, and a guide slope is provided at the outlet end of each radial branch hole, and the inclination direction of the guide slope is consistent with the rotation direction of the planetary gear set.

[0008] As a preferred solution of the present invention, an elastic load-balancing ring is embedded in the bearing hole of the planetary wheel of the planetary wheel set, the outer circumference of the elastic load-balancing ring is interference fit with the bearing hole of the planetary wheel, the inner circumference is clearance fit with the planetary wheel shaft, and ribs are provided at both axial ends of the elastic load-balancing ring; The input shaft is connected to the sun gear of the primary planetary gear train via a spline, and a friction-reducing coating is provided on the tooth top surface of the spline, and the material of the friction-reducing coating is polytetrafluoroethylene or molybdenum disulfide; The inner wall of the reducer housing is provided with heat dissipation fins, the extension direction of the heat dissipation fins is parallel to the axis of the input shaft, and the roots of the heat dissipation fins are provided with reinforcing ribs.

[0009] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the surface of the heat dissipation fin is provided with a plurality of wind slots, and the wind slots are evenly spaced around the circumference; The inner tooth surface of the gear ring is a modified tooth profile, and chamfers are arranged at the tooth top and tooth root of the modified tooth profile, and the width of the chamfer changes gradually along the tooth direction.

[0010] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the width of the tooth top chamfer of the modified tooth profile is greater than the width of the tooth root chamfer, and the inclination angle of the tooth top chamfer is smaller than the inclination angle of the tooth root chamfer; A non-magnetic conductive spacer is provided between the end surface of the permanent magnet and the conical matching surface of the positioning pin, and the thickness of the non-magnetic conductive spacer is smaller than the theoretical gap between the permanent magnet and the positioning pin.

[0011] A method for assembling a two-stage planetary gear reducer comprises the following steps: S1. Take the sun gear of the first-stage planetary gear train, align its spline part with the spline groove of the input shaft, and push it smoothly to make the two fit tightly, ensuring that there is no gap or jam at the spline fitting. At this time, the anti-friction coating on the top surface of the spline teeth is naturally in the contact part between the two; S2. Pick up the planetary gear and insert the elastic load-balancing ring into the bearing hole of the planetary gear to ensure that the outer circumference of the elastic load-balancing ring is tightly fitted with the bearing hole to present an interference fit state. Then install the planetary gear on the planetary gear shaft so that the planetary gear can rotate flexibly around the planetary gear shaft. Then install each assembled planetary gear set on the first planet carrier according to the predetermined position. S3. Sleeve the eccentric adjustment ring on the outer circumference of the gear ring of the secondary planetary gear train, so that the inner circumference of the eccentric adjustment ring is in full contact with the outer circumference of the gear ring. Then install the adjustment assembly. First, fix the adjustment seat on the reducer housing. Use the matching bolts and nuts to tighten them according to the specified torque to ensure that the adjustment seat is stable and immovable. Pass the adjustment screw through the mounting hole on the adjustment seat, tighten the worm gear at one end of the adjustment screw, and then correctly mesh the worm with the worm gear. Finally, install the manual adjustment wheel at the end of the worm, ensure that the manual adjustment wheel is firmly installed and can rotate flexibly to drive the worm. At this time, the installation of the gear ring and the adjustment assembly is completed, and the gear ring and the planetary gear set installed on the first planet carrier are preliminarily assembled so that the gear ring and the planetary gear are in a roughly meshing position, but do not perform final tightening for the time being. S4. Pick up the second planet carrier, align the positioning pin on its end face with the tapered groove of the permanent magnet on the end face of the first planet carrier, and carefully push it until the tapered mating surface of the positioning pin is completely matched with the tapered groove of the permanent magnet, and use the magnetic force of the permanent magnet to make the two tightly adsorbed together. During the docking process, the elastic sealing ring in the annular sealing groove on the docking end face of the first planet carrier and the second planet carrier is correctly positioned without distortion or displacement. After completing the above operations, the first planet carrier and the second planet carrier are assembled to form a complete primary planetary gear train planet carrier; S5. Referring to the assembly steps of the primary planetary gear train, repeat the assembly of the secondary planetary gear train. First, correctly connect the sun gear of the secondary planetary gear train with the connecting component transmitted from the primary planetary gear train through the spline, and then install the planetary gear set, ring gear and adjustment assembly, planet carrier and other components of the secondary planetary gear train in sequence. The process is the same as that of the primary planetary gear train. Finally, install the planet carrier assembled by the secondary planetary gear train coaxially with the output shaft, and fix them with a key connection. S6. Take the lubricating oil circuit component of the input shaft, connect one end of it to the external oil supply device according to the specified connection method, and connect the other end to the adaptive lubricating flow channel entrance of the primary planetary gear train sun gear through the rotary joint. Carefully adjust the position to make the two accurately connected, and then firmly connect the rotary joint with the lubricating oil circuit and the adaptive lubricating flow channel so that the lubricating oil can flow smoothly. At the inlet end of the lubricating oil circuit, install the filter in the correct direction to ensure that the filter is firmly installed and the mesh direction is consistent with the flow direction of the lubricating oil; S7. Install heat dissipation fins on the inner wall of the reducer housing. The extension direction of the heat dissipation fins is parallel to the axis of the input shaft. Install reinforcement ribs at the roots of the heat dissipation fins. Firmly connect the reinforcement ribs, the heat dissipation fins and the reducer housing through welding. After completing all the above operations, the assembly work of the entire two-stage planetary gear reducer is completed.

[0012] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: The present invention can conveniently and quickly adjust the meshing accuracy of the ring gear and the planetary gear through the adjustable meshing structure. During the operation of the reducer, the meshing state can be timely optimized according to the actual working conditions, the transmission efficiency can be improved, the gear wear can be reduced, and the service life of the reducer can be extended.

[0013] The planetary carrier with a split magnetic coupling structure is not only easy to install, but also uses magnetic force to enhance the overall strength and stability of the planetary carrier, so that it can better withstand larger loads and ensure the smoothness of transmission.

[0014] The design of the adaptive lubrication flow channel and temperature control valve enables the lubrication system to automatically adjust the flow rate according to the temperature of the lubricating oil, providing good lubrication and heat dissipation conditions for the gear meshing area at different operating temperatures, thereby improving the reliability and operating performance of the reducer.

[0015] A series of structural optimization measures, such as elastic load-balancing rings, anti-friction coatings, heat dissipation fins, and modified tooth profiles, have improved the performance of the reducer in many aspects, such as balancing loads, reducing friction, enhancing heat dissipation, optimizing meshing, etc., so that the reducer can operate stably and efficiently under various working conditions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall side planar structure of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of a local three-dimensional structure of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the eccentric adjustment ring of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the local structure of the sun gear tooth surface of the present invention; Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the top plan structure of the second planet carrier of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a schematic side plan view of the installation of the first planet carrier and the second planet carrier of the present invention; Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the local planar structure of the output shaft of the present invention; Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the adjustment component of the present invention; Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the installation side plane structure of the adjustment assembly of the present invention; Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the internal installation structure of the reducer housing of the present invention.

[0018] In the figure: 1. input shaft; 2. primary planetary gear train; 3. secondary planetary gear train; 4. output shaft; 5. adjustable meshing structure; 51. eccentric adjustment ring; 52. adjustment assembly; 521. adjustment seat; 522. adjustment screw; 523. worm; 524. worm wheel; 525. manual adjustment wheel; 6. permanent magnet; 7. positioning pin; 71. conical mating surface; 8. adaptive lubrication flow channel; 81. radial branch hole; 82. guide slope; 9. lubrication oil circuit; 91. rotary joint; 92. temperature control valve; 11. elastic load-balancing ring; 111. rib; 13. heat dissipation fin; 131. reinforcement rib; 132. wind gap; 14. non-magnetic spacer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] Example 1 like Figures 1 to 10As shown, this embodiment proposes a two-stage planetary gear reducer, including an input shaft 1, a primary planetary gear train 2, a secondary planetary gear train 3 and an output shaft 4, the primary planetary gear train 2 and the secondary planetary gear train 3 are connected in series, the input shaft 1 is coaxially fixed with the sun gear of the primary planetary gear train 2, and the output shaft 4 is coaxially fixed with the planet carrier of the secondary planetary gear train 3: The primary planetary gear train 2 and the secondary planetary gear train 3 both include a sun gear, a planetary gear set, a ring gear and a planet carrier; The outer circumference of the gear ring is provided with an adjustable meshing structure 5, and the adjustable meshing structure 5 includes an eccentric adjustment ring 51, which is sleeved on the outer circumference of the gear ring, and the inner circumference of the eccentric adjustment ring 51 is fixed to the outer circumference of the gear ring; The planet carrier is a split magnetic coupling structure, including a first planet carrier body and a second planet carrier body, the upper end surface of the second planet carrier body is provided with a plurality of permanent magnets 6 in an annular array, the lower end surface of the first planet carrier body is provided with a positioning pin 7 corresponding to the permanent magnet 6, the end of the positioning pin 7 is provided with a conical matching surface 71, and the end surface of the permanent magnet 6 is provided with a conical groove matching the conical matching surface 71; An adaptive lubrication channel 8 is provided on the tooth surface of the sun gear. The adaptive lubrication channel 8 extends inwardly along the tooth surface of the sun gear. A plurality of radial branch holes 81 are provided on the inner wall of the channel. The radial branch holes 81 are connected to the meshing area of ​​the planetary gear set. A lubricating oil circuit 9 is provided at the end of the input shaft 1 . The lubricating oil circuit 9 is connected to the sun gear through a rotary joint 91 . A temperature control valve 92 is provided in the inner cavity of the rotary joint 91 .

[0021] The adjustable meshing structure 5 also includes an adjustment assembly 52, which includes an adjustment seat 521 fixed on the reducer housing, an adjustment screw 522 rotatably mounted on the adjustment seat 521, one end of the adjustment screw 522 is fixedly connected to a worm 523, a worm wheel 524 is provided below the worm 523, the worm wheel 524 meshes with the worm 523, a manual adjustment wheel 525 is provided at the end of the worm 523, and the eccentric adjustment ring 51 meshes with the worm wheel 524; An axial limit ring is provided between the adjusting screw 522 and the adjusting seat 521. The inner circumference of the axial limit ring is threadedly connected to the adjusting screw 522, and the outer circumference is gap-matched with the mounting hole of the adjusting seat 521. An anti-loosening gasket is provided on the end face of the axial limit ring. The butt joint end faces of the first planet carrier body and the second planet carrier body of the planet carrier are provided with an annular sealing groove, in which an elastic sealing ring is embedded, and the permanent magnet 6 and the positioning pin 7 are arranged to avoid the sealing groove.

[0022] The number of the positioning pins 7 is an odd number and is symmetrically distributed on the end surface of the second planet carrier body. The number of the permanent magnets 6 is the same as the positioning pins 7, and the magnetic pole direction of each permanent magnet 6 is alternately distributed along the axial direction. The radial branch holes 81 of the adaptive lubrication flow channel 8 are evenly distributed along the tooth surface of the sun gear. The outlet end of each radial branch hole 81 is provided with a guide slope 82, and the inclination direction of the guide slope 82 is consistent with the rotation direction of the planetary gear set.

[0023] The bearing hole of the planetary wheel of the planetary wheel set is embedded with an elastic load-balancing ring 11. The outer circumference of the elastic load-balancing ring 11 is interference fit with the bearing hole of the planetary wheel, and the inner circumference is clearance fit with the planetary wheel shaft. The axial ends of the elastic load-balancing ring 11 are provided with retaining edges 111. The input shaft 1 is connected to the sun gear of the primary planetary gear train 2 via a spline, and a friction-reducing coating is provided on the tooth top surface of the spline. The material of the friction-reducing coating is polytetrafluoroethylene or molybdenum disulfide; The inner wall of the reducer housing is provided with heat dissipation fins 13 , the extension direction of the heat dissipation fins 13 is parallel to the axis of the input shaft 1 , and the roots of the heat dissipation fins 13 are provided with reinforcing ribs 131 .

[0024] The surface of the heat dissipation fin 13 is provided with a plurality of air slots 132, and the air slots 132 are evenly spaced around the circumference; The inner tooth surface of the gear ring is a modified tooth profile, and chamfers are arranged at the tooth top and tooth root of the modified tooth profile, and the width of the chamfer changes gradually along the tooth direction.

[0025] The width of the tooth top chamfer of the modified tooth profile is greater than the width of the tooth root chamfer, and the inclination angle of the tooth top chamfer is smaller than the inclination angle of the tooth root chamfer; A non-magnetic conductive spacer 14 is provided between the end surface of the permanent magnet 6 and the conical mating surface 71 of the positioning pin 7. The thickness of the non-magnetic conductive spacer 14 is smaller than the theoretical gap between the permanent magnet 6 and the positioning pin 7. In this embodiment, the eccentric adjustment ring 51 is sleeved on the outer peripheral surface of the gear ring, and the rotation and fixation of the eccentric adjustment ring 51 are realized by adjusting the cooperation between the screw 522 and the worm wheel 524 and worm 523 components. The permanent magnet 6 is embedded in the end face of the first planetary carrier body, and the positioning pin 7 is installed on the end face of the second planetary carrier body. The planetary carrier is assembled by the cooperation of magnetic attraction and conical positioning. The temperature control valve 92 is installed in the inner cavity of the rotary joint 91, and the lubricating oil circuit 9 is connected to the adaptive lubricating flow channel 8 to ensure that the lubricating oil flow rate is dynamically adjusted with the temperature.

[0026] The present invention also provides an assembly method of a two-stage planetary gear reducer, comprising the following steps: S1. Take the sun gear of the first-stage planetary gear train 2, align its spline part with the spline groove of the input shaft 1, and push it smoothly to make the two fit tightly, ensuring that there is no gap or jam at the spline fitting. At this time, the anti-friction coating on the top surface of the spline teeth is naturally in the contact part between the two; S2. Pick up the planetary gear and insert the elastic load-balancing ring 11 into the bearing hole of the planetary gear to ensure that the outer circumference of the elastic load-balancing ring 11 is tightly fitted with the bearing hole to present an interference fit state. Then install the planetary gear on the planetary gear shaft so that the planetary gear can rotate flexibly around the planetary gear shaft. Then install each assembled planetary gear set on the first planet carrier according to the predetermined position. S3, put the eccentric adjustment ring 51 on the outer peripheral surface of the gear ring of the secondary planetary gear train 3, so that the inner peripheral surface of the eccentric adjustment ring 51 is completely in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the gear ring, and then install the adjustment assembly 52, first fix the adjustment seat 521 on the reducer housing, use the matching bolts and nuts, tighten them according to the specified torque, ensure that the adjustment seat 521 is stable and immovable, pass the adjusting screw 522 through the mounting hole on the adjusting seat 521, tighten the worm wheel 524 at one end of the adjusting screw 522, and then correctly mesh the worm 523 with the worm wheel 524, and finally install the manual adjustment wheel 525 at the end of the worm 523, ensure that the manual adjustment wheel 525 is firmly installed and can be flexibly rotated to drive the worm 523, at this time, the installation of the gear ring and the adjustment assembly 52 is completed, and the gear ring and the planetary gear set installed on the first planet carrier are preliminarily assembled, so that the gear ring and the planetary gear are in a roughly meshing position, but do not do the final tightening for the time being; S4. Pick up the second planet carrier, align the positioning pin 7 on its end face with the tapered groove of the permanent magnet 6 on the end face of the first planet carrier, and carefully push it until the tapered mating surface 71 of the positioning pin 7 is completely matched with the tapered groove of the permanent magnet 6, and the magnetic force of the permanent magnet 6 is used to tightly adsorb the two together. During the docking process, the elastic sealing ring in the annular sealing groove on the docking end face of the first planet carrier and the second planet carrier is in the correct position without distortion or displacement. After completing the above operations, the first planet carrier and the second planet carrier are assembled to form a complete first-level planetary gear train 2 planet carrier; S5. Referring to the assembly steps of the primary planetary gear train 2, repeat the assembly work of the secondary planetary gear train 3. First, correctly connect the sun gear of the secondary planetary gear train 3 with the connecting component transmitted from the primary planetary gear train 2 through the spline, and then install the planetary gear set, ring gear and adjustment component 52, planet carrier and other components of the secondary planetary gear train 3 in sequence. The process is the same as that of the primary planetary gear train 2. Finally, coaxially install the assembled planet carrier of the secondary planetary gear train 3 and the output shaft 4, and fix them with a key connection. S6. Take the lubricating oil passage 9 of the input shaft 1, connect one end of it to the external oil supply device in the prescribed connection mode, and connect the other end to the entrance of the adaptive lubricating flow passage 8 of the sun gear of the first-stage planetary gear train 2 through the rotary joint 91. Carefully adjust the position so that the two are accurately connected, and then firmly connect the rotary joint 91 with the lubricating oil passage 9 and the adaptive lubricating flow passage 8 so that the lubricating oil can flow smoothly. At the entrance end of the lubricating oil passage 9, install the filter in the correct direction to ensure that the filter is firmly installed and the mesh direction is consistent with the flow direction of the lubricating oil. S7. Install the heat dissipation fins 13 on the inner wall of the reducer housing. The extension direction of the heat dissipation fins 13 is parallel to the axis of the input shaft 1. Install the reinforcing ribs 131 at the roots of the heat dissipation fins 13. The reinforcing ribs 131 are firmly connected to the heat dissipation fins 13 and the reducer housing by welding. After completing all the above operations, the assembly work of the entire two-stage planetary gear reducer is completed.

[0027] Workflow: The power is input through the input shaft 1, driving the sun gear of the primary planetary gear train 2 to rotate. The sun gear drives the planetary gear set to revolve and rotate in the ring gear. The movement of the planetary gear set is transmitted to the sun gear of the secondary planetary gear train 3 through the primary planet carrier. The secondary planetary gear train 3 repeats the transmission process of the primary planetary gear train 2, and finally transmits the power to the output shaft 4 through the secondary planet carrier to achieve reduced speed output; During operation, when the gear meshing accuracy needs to be adjusted, the operator rotates the manual adjustment wheel 525 to drive the worm 523 to rotate, thereby rotating the worm wheel 524 and the adjustment screw 522, and the eccentric adjustment ring 51 rotates accordingly, changing the position of the gear ring to complete the adjustment of the meshing accuracy. The adjustment amount can be grasped by the scale marks on the outer peripheral surface of the eccentric adjustment ring 51; As the reducer runs, the lubricating oil enters the adaptive lubricating flow channel 8 from the lubricating oil path 9 of the input shaft 1 through the rotary joint 91. When the temperature of the lubricating oil changes, the temperature sensing element of the temperature control valve 92 is activated, and the valve core drives the conical sealing head to move, changing the cross-sectional area of ​​the valve body flow channel, thereby adjusting the flow of the lubricating oil so that it can provide appropriate lubrication and heat dissipation for the gear meshing area according to the actual working conditions. The lubricating oil is sprayed to the meshing area of ​​the planetary gear set through the radial branch hole 81, and the guide slope 82 at the outlet end of the radial branch hole 81 guides the lubricating oil to be precisely sprayed; During the operation of the planet carrier, the split magnetic coupling structure utilizes the cooperation of the permanent magnet 6 and the positioning pin 7 to ensure the stability of the planet carrier.

Claims

1. A two-stage planetary gear reducer, comprising an input shaft, a primary planetary gear train, a secondary planetary gear train and an output shaft, wherein the primary planetary gear train and the secondary planetary gear train are connected in series, the input shaft is coaxially fixed to the sun gear of the primary planetary gear train, and the output shaft is coaxially fixed to the planet carrier of the secondary planetary gear train, characterized in that: The primary planetary gear train and the secondary planetary gear train both include a sun gear, a planetary gear set, a ring gear and a planet carrier; The outer circumference of the gear ring is provided with an adjustable meshing structure, and the adjustable meshing structure includes an eccentric adjustment ring, which is sleeved on the outer circumference of the gear ring and has an inner circumference fixed to the outer circumference of the gear ring; The adjustable meshing structure also includes an adjustment assembly, which includes an adjustment seat fixed on the reducer housing, an adjustment screw rotatably mounted on the adjustment seat, one end of the adjustment screw is fixedly connected to a worm, a worm wheel is provided below the worm, the worm wheel meshes with the worm, a manual adjustment wheel is provided at the end of the worm, and an eccentric adjustment ring meshes with the worm wheel; The planet carrier is a split magnetic coupling structure, comprising a first planet carrier body and a second planet carrier body, the upper end surface of the second planet carrier body is provided with a plurality of permanent magnets in an annular array, the lower end surface of the first planet carrier body is provided with a positioning pin corresponding to the permanent magnet, the end of the positioning pin is provided with a conical matching surface, and the end surface of the permanent magnet is provided with a conical groove matching the conical matching surface; An adaptive lubrication flow channel is provided on the tooth surface of the sun gear, the adaptive lubrication flow channel extends inwardly along the tooth surface of the sun gear, a plurality of radial branch holes are provided on the inner wall of the flow channel, and the radial branch holes are connected to the meshing area of ​​the planetary gear set; A lubricating oil circuit is provided at the end of the input shaft, the lubricating oil circuit is connected with the sun gear through a rotary joint, and a temperature control valve is provided in the inner cavity of the rotary joint.

2. A two-stage planetary gear reducer according to claim 1, characterized in that: An axial limit ring is provided between the adjusting screw and the adjusting seat, the inner circumference of the axial limit ring is threadedly connected to the adjusting screw, the outer circumference is gap-matched with the mounting hole of the adjusting seat, and an anti-loosening gasket is provided on the end face of the axial limit ring; The butt joint end faces of the first planet carrier body and the second planet carrier body of the planet carrier are provided with an annular sealing groove, an elastic sealing ring is embedded in the sealing groove, and the permanent magnet and the positioning pin are arranged at positions avoiding the sealing groove.

3. A two-stage planetary gear reducer according to claim 2, characterized in that: The number of the positioning pins is an odd number and is symmetrically distributed on the end surface of the second planet carrier body, the number of the permanent magnets is the same as the positioning pins, and the magnetic pole direction of each permanent magnet is alternately distributed along the axial direction; The radial branch holes of the adaptive lubrication flow channel are evenly distributed along the tooth surface of the sun gear, and a guide slope is provided at the outlet end of each radial branch hole, and the inclination direction of the guide slope is consistent with the rotation direction of the planetary gear set.

4. A two-stage planetary gear reducer according to claim 3, characterized in that: The bearing hole of the planetary wheel of the planetary wheel set is embedded with an elastic load-balancing ring, the outer circumference of the elastic load-balancing ring is interference-fitted with the bearing hole of the planetary wheel, and the inner circumference is clearance-fitted with the planetary wheel shaft, and ribs are provided at both axial ends of the elastic load-balancing ring; The input shaft is connected to the sun gear of the primary planetary gear train via a spline, and a friction-reducing coating is provided on the tooth top surface of the spline, and the material of the friction-reducing coating is polytetrafluoroethylene or molybdenum disulfide; The inner wall of the reducer housing is provided with heat dissipation fins, the extension direction of the heat dissipation fins is parallel to the axis of the input shaft, and the roots of the heat dissipation fins are provided with reinforcing ribs.

5. A two-stage planetary gear reducer according to claim 4, characterized in that: The surface of the heat dissipation fin is provided with a plurality of wind slots, and the wind slots are evenly spaced around the circumference; The inner tooth surface of the gear ring is a modified tooth profile, and chamfers are arranged at the tooth top and tooth root of the modified tooth profile, and the width of the chamfer changes gradually along the tooth direction.

6. A two-stage planetary gear reducer according to claim 5, characterized in that: The width of the tooth top chamfer of the modified tooth profile is greater than the width of the tooth root chamfer, and the inclination angle of the tooth top chamfer is smaller than the inclination angle of the tooth root chamfer; A non-magnetic conductive spacer is provided between the end surface of the permanent magnet and the conical matching surface of the positioning pin, and the thickness of the non-magnetic conductive spacer is smaller than the theoretical gap between the permanent magnet and the positioning pin.

7. A method for assembling a two-stage planetary gear reducer, using the two-stage planetary gear reducer according to claim 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Take the sun gear of the first-stage planetary gear train, align its spline part with the spline groove of the input shaft, and push it smoothly to make the two fit tightly, ensuring that there is no gap or jam at the spline fitting. At this time, the anti-friction coating on the top surface of the spline teeth is naturally in the contact part between the two; S2. Pick up the planetary gear and insert the elastic load-balancing ring into the bearing hole of the planetary gear to ensure that the outer circumference of the elastic load-balancing ring is tightly fitted with the bearing hole to present an interference fit state. Then install the planetary gear on the planetary gear shaft so that the planetary gear can rotate flexibly around the planetary gear shaft. Then install each assembled planetary gear set on the first planet carrier according to the predetermined position. S3. Sleeve the eccentric adjustment ring on the outer circumference of the gear ring of the secondary planetary gear train, so that the inner circumference of the eccentric adjustment ring is in full contact with the outer circumference of the gear ring. Then install the adjustment assembly. First, fix the adjustment seat on the reducer housing. Use the matching bolts and nuts to tighten them according to the specified torque to ensure that the adjustment seat is stable and immovable. Pass the adjustment screw through the mounting hole on the adjustment seat, tighten the worm gear at one end of the adjustment screw, and then correctly mesh the worm with the worm gear. Finally, install the manual adjustment wheel at the end of the worm, ensure that the manual adjustment wheel is firmly installed and can rotate flexibly to drive the worm. At this time, the installation of the gear ring and the adjustment assembly is completed, and the gear ring and the planetary gear set installed on the first planet carrier are preliminarily assembled so that the gear ring and the planetary gear are in meshing position, but do not perform final tightening for the time being. S4. Pick up the second planet carrier, align the positioning pin on its end face with the tapered groove of the permanent magnet on the end face of the first planet carrier, and carefully push it until the tapered mating surface of the positioning pin is completely matched with the tapered groove of the permanent magnet. Use the magnetic force of the permanent magnet to tightly adsorb the two together. During the docking process, the elastic sealing ring in the annular sealing groove on the docking end face of the first planet carrier and the second planet carrier is in the correct position without distortion or displacement. After the operation is completed, the first planet carrier and the second planet carrier are assembled to form a complete primary planetary gear train planet carrier; S5. Referring to the assembly steps of the primary planetary gear train, repeat the assembly of the secondary planetary gear train. First, correctly connect the sun gear of the secondary planetary gear train with the connecting component transmitted from the primary planetary gear train through the spline. Then, install the planetary gear set, ring gear and adjustment assembly, and planet carrier of the secondary planetary gear train in sequence. The process is the same as that of the primary planetary gear train. Finally, install the planet carrier assembled by the secondary planetary gear train coaxially with the output shaft and fix them with a key connection. S6. Take the lubricating oil circuit component of the input shaft, connect one end of it to the external oil supply device according to the specified connection method, and connect the other end to the adaptive lubricating flow channel entrance of the primary planetary gear train sun gear through the rotary joint. Carefully adjust the position to make the two accurately connected, and then firmly connect the rotary joint with the lubricating oil circuit and the adaptive lubricating flow channel so that the lubricating oil can flow smoothly. At the inlet end of the lubricating oil circuit, install the filter in the correct direction to ensure that the filter is firmly installed and the mesh direction is consistent with the flow direction of the lubricating oil; S7. Install heat dissipation fins on the inner wall of the reducer housing. The extension direction of the heat dissipation fins is parallel to the axis of the input shaft. Install reinforcement ribs at the roots of the heat dissipation fins. Firmly connect the reinforcement ribs, the heat dissipation fins and the reducer housing through welding. After completing all operations, the assembly work of the entire two-stage planetary gear reducer is completed.

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