Test device and method for simulating rapid estimation of tube drawing lifting grouting and stratum reinforcement effect

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of shield tunnel indoor model tests, and provides a test device and method for simulating rapid estimation of pipe drawing lifting grouting and stratum reinforcement effects. The test device comprises a model main body, a penetration device, a grouting device and a static sounding device, the model main body comprises a model box and a shield tunnel model arranged in the model box; the injection device is arranged on the upper portion of the model box, the injection device is connected with the grouting device to achieve simulation of pipe drawing, lifting and grouting, and the injection device is connected with the static sounding device to achieve collection of static sounding test data and rapid estimation of the stratum reinforcement effect. According to the method, refined simulation of pipe drawing lifting grouting in micro-disturbance grouting improvement can be achieved, and the reinforcement effect is rapidly estimated. By applying the technology, grouting construction parameters can be further optimized, and the grouting regulation efficiency and safety can be remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of indoor model tests of shield tunnels, and in particular to a test device and method for simulating pipe pulling, lifting, grouting and rapid estimation of stratum reinforcement effects. Background Art

[0002] With the development of cities and the improvement of transportation networks, ground route planning can no longer meet the needs of social development, and the development and utilization of underground road networks has become an inevitable trend. Due to the complex environment around shield tunnels, factors such as nearby construction disturbances and water level changes will cause the tunnel structure to gradually deform laterally. If the resulting lateral deformation is not further controlled, a series of structural diseases will occur as the deformation intensifies, and even a huge risk of collapse will occur. At present, the usual means of remediation for tunnel lateral deformation is micro-disturbance grouting reinforcement, but the determination of grouting parameters, the dynamic lifting simulation of the grouting pipe during the grouting process, and the stratum response before and after grouting and the reinforcement effect cannot be well monitored on site. Therefore, in order to solve the grouting problems in practice, optimize the grouting parameters, and improve the grouting efficiency, it is of great significance to reasonably design a shield tunnel micro-disturbance grouting test device for grouting and remediation tunnel mechanism research.

[0003] The Chinese patent with application number 202210414684.4 proposes a visual indoor test simulation device and method for grouting at the bottom of a shield tunnel. The device includes a model box, a model tunnel and a grouting device, which can simulate the morphology of the slurry-soil mixture after grouting at the bottom of the shield tunnel under different grouting control parameters. At the same time, it can also approximately reproduce the uniform, multi-point, small amount and multiple grouting processes in the micro-disturbance grouting process. The invention helps to improve on-site construction efficiency and optimize the selection of grouting parameters, thus playing an important role in actual engineering.

[0004] The Chinese patent application number 202310948697.4 proposes a test device and method for simulating the impact mechanism of ground grouting on shield tunnels. The device includes a computer, a model box, grouting equipment and a variety of sensors. It can simulate the ground grouting process and measure the changes in segment stress, strain and displacement over time.

[0005] At present, the existing tunnel grouting model test devices and methods all bury the grouting pipe at a fixed height in the soil for grouting. However, in the actual micro-disturbance grouting project, the grouting pipe is dynamically lifted during the grouting process. The existing model test device cannot realize the dynamic grouting process of the grouting pipe while grouting and lifting. The process and results of the grouting test are significantly different from the engineering practice, and cannot fully reflect the impact of grouting treatment on the tunnel in engineering practice, resulting in certain limitations in the guidance of existing research results on the project. At the same time, the effect of slurry reinforcing the soil cannot be obtained in time, and the rapid estimation of the grouting effect cannot be achieved. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a test device and method for simulating pipe pulling and lifting grouting and quickly estimating the formation reinforcement effect.

[0007] Technical solution of the present invention: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a test device for simulating pipe pulling and lifting grouting and rapid estimation of stratum reinforcement effect, comprising a model body, a penetration device, a grouting device and a static penetration device; The model body comprises a model box 1 and a shield tunnel model 12 arranged in the model box 1; The penetration device is arranged on the upper part of the model box 1. By connecting the penetration device with the grouting device, simulated pipe pulling and lifting grouting can be realized. By connecting the penetration device with the static penetration device, the collection of static penetration test data and the rapid estimation of the formation reinforcement effect can be realized.

[0008] Furthermore, the penetration device includes a horizontal adjustment mechanism and a vertical adjustment mechanism; The horizontal adjustment mechanism includes a first steel support 2-1, a second steel support 2-2, a first steel plate 5-1, a second steel plate 5-2, a first limit block 6-1, a second limit block 6-2, a first slide rail 7-1, a second slide rail 7-2, a first screw rod 4-1, a hand wheel 13, a base 14, and a connecting block 3, wherein: The first steel support 2-1 and the second steel support 2-2 are placed on the top of the model box 1, and the distance between the first steel support 2-1 and the second steel support 2-2 is adjusted according to the actual size of the model box; The first steel plate 5-1 is fixed on the first steel support 2-1 and the second steel support 2-2. The first limit block 6-1, the second limit block 6-2 and the first slide rail 7-1 are respectively arranged on the upper surface of the first steel plate 5-1; the first limit block 6-1 and the second limit block 6-2 are respectively located at the two ends of the first slide rail 7-1; The second steel plate 5-2 is fixed on the first steel support 2-1 and the second steel support 2-2. A second slide rail 7-2 is provided on the upper surface of the second steel plate 5-2. The second slide rail 7-2 is parallel to the first slide rail 7-1 provided on the first steel plate 5-1. The lower part of the base 14 is installed on the first slide rail 7-1 and the second slide rail 7-2, and can slide along the first slide rail 7-1 and the second slide rail 7-2; one side surface of the base 14 is fixed to the connecting block 3; The connecting block 3 is provided with a through hole, and a thread matching the first screw rod 4-1 is provided in the through hole, and the first screw rod 4-1 is threadedly connected to the connecting block 3 through the through hole; the two ends of the first screw rod 4-1 are respectively installed on the first limit block 6-1 and the second limit block 6-2, and the axis of the first screw rod 4-1 is parallel to the first slide rail 7-1; The hand wheel 13 is fixed to one end of the first screw rod 4-1; the first screw rod 4-1 is rotated by turning the hand wheel 13, thereby driving the connecting block 3 to move along the length direction of the first screw rod 4-1; when the hand wheel is rotated, the first screw rod 4-1 does not move in the axial direction under the limiting action of the first limiting block 6-1 and the second limiting block 6-2; The vertical adjustment mechanism includes a steel housing 17, a motor 18, a fixing device 15, a second screw rod 4-2, and a static penetration rod 16, wherein: The bottom of the steel housing 17 is fixed to the upper surface of the base 14, the motor 18 is arranged on the top of the steel housing 17, the second screw 4-2 is vertically located in the inner cavity surrounded by the steel housing 17, and the upper end of the second screw 4-2 is connected to the output shaft of the motor 18, and the second screw 4-2 is driven to rotate by the motor 18; The fixing device 15 has a static feeler rod 16 fixed on its front side and a through hole on its rear side. The through hole is provided with a thread matching the second screw 4-2, and the second screw 4-2 is threadedly connected to the fixing device 15 through the through hole; the second screw 4-2 is driven to rotate by controlling the motor 18, thereby driving the fixing device 15 to move along the length direction of the second screw 4-2.

[0009] Furthermore, the grouting device comprises a grouting pipe 8, a grouting connector 9, a fastening connector 10, and a grouting pipe 11, wherein: The grouting connector 9 is used to connect the grouting pipe 8 and the grouting pipe 11 to form a slurry passage; The fastening connector 10 is used to fix the grouting pipe 11 and the static sounding rod 16 of the penetration device, so as to connect the grouting device and the penetration device together.

[0010] Furthermore, the fastening connector 10 is provided with two circular holes that pass through from top to bottom, namely a first circular hole 10-3 and a second circular hole 10-4, which are respectively used to connect the slurry delivery pipe 11 and the static sounding rod 16, and the radii of the two circular holes match the radii of the slurry delivery pipe 11 and the static sounding rod 16, respectively; at the same time, two screw holes are also provided on the side of the fastening connector 10, namely a first screw hole 10-1 and a second screw hole 10-2, which correspond to the above-mentioned two circular holes, respectively, and the fastening between the slurry delivery pipe 11 and the fastening connector 10 and between the static sounding rod 16 and the fastening connector 10 is achieved by applying screws in the screw holes.

[0011] Furthermore, the static penetration test device includes a static penetration test probe 19, which is used to perform a static penetration test to obtain CPT data.

[0012] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a test method for simulating pipe pulling, lifting, grouting and rapid estimation of stratum reinforcement effects. The method is based on the above-mentioned test device for simulating pipe pulling, lifting, grouting and rapid estimation of stratum reinforcement effects, and comprises the following steps: S1: Perform pre-test preparations, install the shield tunnel model 12 in the model box 1, fill in an appropriate amount of model soil according to test requirements, and preset grouting hole positions and several static penetration points near the grouting hole positions in the soil in the model box according to test requirements; S2: The assembled penetration device is placed on the model box 1, and then a static penetration probe 19 is installed at the bottom end of the static penetration rod 16 of the penetration device; S3: Obtain CPT data of static penetration test points near the grouting hole; S4: Remove the static penetration probe 19, bury the grouting pipe 8 so that its grout outlet is located at a predetermined depth of the soil, assemble the grouting device, adjust the position of the penetration device, and fix the grouting device to the lower part of the static penetration rod 16 of the penetration device; S5: Prepare the slurry required for the test and carry out dynamic grouting while lifting: S6: After the grouting is completed, the grouting device, including the fastening connector 10, the grouting connector 9, the grouting pipe 8 and the grouting pipe 11, is disassembled, and the static penetration probe 19 is installed at the bottom end of the static penetration rod 16 of the penetration device; S7: After the slurry solidifies, repeat step S3 to obtain the CPT data of the preset penetration point of the static penetration test after grouting; S8: Compare the CPT data before and after grouting and make a quick estimate of the reinforcement effect.

[0013] Advantages and beneficial effects of the present invention: The test device and test method provided by the present invention can realize the refined simulation of the pipe pulling and lifting grouting in the micro-disturbance grouting treatment, and quickly estimate the reinforcement effect. The indoor model test is used to simulate the pipe pulling and lifting grouting process in detail, so that the model test results are close to engineering practice. The application of this technology can not only further optimize the grouting construction parameters, but also significantly improve the efficiency and safety of grouting treatment.

[0014] Indoor model tests can ensure the correctness and effectiveness of grouting decisions in actual projects. The test device and method of the present invention abandon the drawback that traditional model tests can only perform fixed-point grouting, use existing equipment to perform pipe pulling and lifting grouting, and quickly quantify and estimate the grouting reinforcement effect by comparing the Cone Penetration Test (CPT) data before and after indoor grouting. This simulation method can ensure the correctness and effectiveness of grouting decisions in actual projects, thereby reducing project risks and costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 One of the schematic diagrams of the test device for simulating the effect of pipe pulling and lifting grouting and rapid estimation of stratum reinforcement of the present invention (grouting process); Figure 2 The second schematic diagram of the test device for simulating the effect of pipe pulling, lifting, grouting and rapid estimation of stratum reinforcement of the present invention (CPT data acquisition process); Figure 3 A disassembled diagram of the test device for simulating the grouting and rapid estimation of the ground reinforcement effect by pulling out the pipe; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the detailed structure of the fastening connector; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the detailed structure of the base; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of a test process for simulating pipe pulling, lifting, grouting and rapid estimation of stratum reinforcement effects according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0016] Reference numerals: Model box 1, first steel support 2-1, first steel support 2-2, connecting block 3, first screw 4-1, second screw 4-2, first steel plate 5-1, second steel plate 5-2, first limit block 6-1, second limit block 6-2, first slide rail 7-1, second slide rail 7-2, grouting pipe 8, grouting connector 9, fastening connector 10, first screw hole 10-1, second screw hole 10-2, first circular hole 10-3, second circular hole 10-4, grouting pipe 11, shield tunnel model 12, hand wheel 13, base 14, first slider 14-1, second slider 14-2, bottom plate 14-3, fixing device 15, static sounding rod 16, steel housing 17, motor 18, static sounding probe 19. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The technical solution provided by the present application will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments and accompanying drawings. The advantages and features of the present application will become more apparent with the following description.

[0018] Example 1 like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, a test device for simulating pipe pulling and lifting grouting and rapid estimation of stratum reinforcement effect is used for model test of indoor grouting treatment of shield tunnel.

[0019] The test device for simulating pipe pulling and lifting grouting and quickly estimating the effect of stratum reinforcement comprises a model body, a penetration device, a grouting device and a static penetration device. The simulated pipe pulling and lifting grouting is achieved by connecting the penetration device with the grouting device, and the collection of static penetration test data and the rapid estimation of stratum reinforcement effect are achieved by connecting the penetration device with the static penetration device. Among them: The model body includes a model box 1 and a shield tunnel model 12 arranged in the model box 1 .

[0020] The penetration device comprises a horizontal adjustment mechanism and a vertical adjustment mechanism, wherein: The horizontal adjustment mechanism specifically includes a first steel support 2-1, a second steel support 2-2, a first steel plate 5-1, a second steel plate 5-2, a first limit block 6-1, a second limit block 6-2, a first slide rail 7-1, a second slide rail 7-2, a first screw rod 4-1, a hand wheel 13, a base 14, and a connecting block 3, wherein: The first steel support 2-1 and the second steel support 2-2 are placed on the top of the model box 1, and the distance between the first steel support 2-1 and the second steel support 2-2 is adjusted according to the actual size of the model box; The first steel plate 5-1 is fixed (welded in the embodiment) on the first steel support 2-1 and the second steel support 2-2, and the first limit block 6-1, the second limit block 6-2 and the first slide rail 7-1 are respectively arranged (welded in the embodiment) on the upper surface of the first steel plate 5-1; the first limit block 6-1 and the second limit block 6-2 are respectively located at the two ends of the first slide rail 7-1; The second steel plate 5-2 is fixed (welded in the embodiment) on the first steel support 2-1 and the second steel support 2-2, and a second slide rail 7-2 is arranged on the upper surface of the second steel plate 5-2, and the second slide rail 7-2 is parallel to the first slide rail 7-1 arranged on the first steel plate 5-1; The lower part of the base 14 is mounted on the first slide rail 7-1 and the second slide rail 7-2, and can slide along the first slide rail 7-1 and the second slide rail 7-2; one side surface of the base 14 is fixed to the connecting block 3 (welding is used in the embodiment); The connecting block 3 is provided with a through hole, and a thread matching the first screw rod 4-1 is provided in the through hole, and the first screw rod 4-1 is threadedly connected to the connecting block 3 through the through hole; the two ends of the first screw rod 4-1 are respectively installed on the first limit block 6-1 and the second limit block 6-2, and the axis of the first screw rod 4-1 is parallel to the first slide rail 7-1; The hand wheel 13 is fixed to one end of the first screw 4-1 (welding is used in the embodiment); the first screw 4-1 is rotated by turning the hand wheel 13, thereby driving the connecting block 3 to move along the length direction of the first screw 4-1; when the hand wheel is rotated, the first screw 4-1 does not undergo axial displacement due to the limiting action of the first limit block 6-1 and the second limit block 6-2.

[0021] The vertical adjustment mechanism specifically includes a steel housing 17, a motor 18, a fixing device 15, a second screw rod 4-2, and a static penetration rod 16, wherein: The bottom of the steel housing 17 is fixed (welded in the embodiment) to the upper surface of the base 14, the motor 18 is fixed to the top of the steel housing 17, the second screw 4-2 is vertically located in the inner cavity surrounded by the steel housing 17, and the upper end of the second screw 4-2 is connected to the output shaft of the motor 18, and the second screw 4-2 is driven to rotate by the motor 18; The fixing device 15 has a static feeler rod 16 fixed on its front side and a through hole on its rear side. The through hole is provided with a thread matching the second screw 4-2, and the second screw 4-2 is threadedly connected to the fixing device 15 through the through hole; the second screw 4-2 is driven to rotate by controlling the motor 18, thereby driving the fixing device 15 to move along the length direction of the second screw 4-2.

[0022] Specifically, as an embodiment, the fixing device 15 is provided with two upper and lower locking blocks on the front side for fixing the static probe rod 16, and a connecting piece is welded on the rear side, which is provided with a threaded through hole matching the second screw 4-2. The second screw 4-2 is connected to the fixing device 15 through the threaded through hole, so that the fixing device 15 moves along the length direction of the second screw 4-2 during the rotation of the second screw 4-2.

[0023] Specifically, Figure 5 As shown, the base 14 includes a first slider 14-1, a second slider 14-2 and a bottom plate 14-3. The first slider 14-1 and the second slider 14-2 are welded to the lower surface of the bottom plate 14-3. Tracks are arranged at the bottom of the first slider 14-1 and the second slider 14-2, and the shapes of the tracks match the first slide rail 7-1 and the second slide rail 7-2.

[0024] Furthermore, a circular through hole is arranged on the top of the steel housing 17, and the radius of the through hole is larger than the radius of the second screw rod 4-2, so that the second screw rod 4-2 can pass through.

[0025] The grouting device comprises a grouting pipe 8, a grouting connector 9, a fastening connector 10, and a grouting pipe 11, wherein: The grouting connector 9 is used to connect the grouting pipe 8 and the grouting pipe 11 to form a slurry passage; The fastening connector 10 is used to fix the grouting pipe 11 and the static sounding rod 16 of the penetration device, so as to connect the grouting device and the penetration device together.

[0026] Specifically, Figure 4 As shown, the fastening connector 10 is provided with two circular holes that pass through from top to bottom, namely a first circular hole 10-3 and a second circular hole 10-4, which are respectively used to connect the slurry delivery pipe 11 and the static sounding rod 16, and the radii of the two circular holes match the radii of the slurry delivery pipe 11 and the static sounding rod 16 respectively; at the same time, two screw holes are also provided on the side of the fastening connector 10, namely a first screw hole 10-1 and a second screw hole 10-2, which correspond to the above-mentioned two circular holes respectively, and the fastening between the slurry delivery pipe 11 and the fastening connector 10 and between the static sounding rod 16 and the fastening connector 10 is achieved by applying screws in the screw holes.

[0027] Furthermore, the grouting connector 9 is internally provided with threads, and the ends of the grouting pipe 8 and the grouting delivery pipe 11 are externally provided with threads, the grouting pipe 8 and the grouting connector 9 are connected by threads, and the grouting delivery pipe 11 and the grouting connector 9 are connected by threads.

[0028] The static penetration test device includes a static penetration test probe 19, which is used to perform a static penetration test to obtain CPT data.

[0029] Specifically, Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the static penetration probe 19 is installed at the bottom of the static penetration rod 16 and is used to carry out static penetration testing to obtain CPT data.

[0030] Example 2 like Figure 6 As shown, a test method for simulating pipe pulling, lifting, grouting and rapid estimation of stratum reinforcement effect is implemented based on a test device for simulating pipe pulling, lifting, grouting and rapid estimation of stratum reinforcement effect in Example 1, comprising the following steps: S1: Perform pre-test preparations, install the shield tunnel model 12 in the model box 1, fill in an appropriate amount of model soil according to test requirements, and preset grouting hole positions and several static penetration points near the grouting hole positions in the soil in the model box 1 according to test requirements.

[0031] S2: The assembled penetration device is placed on the model box 1, and then the static penetration probe 19 is installed at the bottom end of the static penetration rod 16 of the penetration device.

[0032] S3: Acquire CPT data of static penetration test points near the grouting holes. The specific process includes: S31: The left and right positions of the static penetration probe 19 are adjusted by adjusting the positions of the first steel plate 5-1 and the second steel plate 5-2 on the upper part of the model box 1. The front and rear positions of the static penetration probe 19 are adjusted by rotating the hand wheel 13 until the static penetration probe 19 is aligned with the static penetration point. At this time, a clamp (not shown in the figure) can be used to fix the penetration device and the model box 1 together; S32: Start the motor 18, and drive the second screw 4-2 to rotate through the motor 18, thereby driving the fixing device 15 and the static penetration rod 16 fixed to the fixing device 15 to move downward, and the static penetration probe 19 at the end of the static penetration rod 16 penetrates into the soil to obtain the CPT data before grouting; then drive the second screw 4-2 to rotate through the motor 18, thereby driving the fixing device 15 and the static penetration rod 16 fixed to the fixing device 15 to move upward, and the static penetration probe 19 at the end of the static penetration rod 16 moves out of the soil; S33: Repeat the operations of the above steps S31 and S32 until the CPT data before grouting of all preset static penetration test points are obtained.

[0033] Furthermore, in the embodiment, the motor 18 can be controlled to make the static contact probe rod 16 move downward at a preset speed.

[0034] S4: Remove the static penetration probe 19, bury the grouting pipe 8 so that its grout outlet is located at a predetermined depth of the soil, assemble the grouting device, adjust the position of the penetration device, and fix the grouting device to the lower part of the static penetration rod 16 of the penetration device; the specific process includes: S41: Connect the grouting pipe 8 to the lower part of the grouting connector 9, and the lower end of the grouting pipe 8 is pre-buried in the soil, and the grouting outlet reaches the soil at a specified depth in the preset grouting hole; S42: By adjusting the positions of the first steel plate 5-1 and the second steel plate 5-2 of the penetration device on the upper part of the model box 1 and the hand wheel 13, the position of the static sounding rod 16 can match the grouting pipe 8, and then the penetration device and the model box are fixed together by a clamp (not shown in the figure); in the embodiment, the clamp can be a fixing tool such as a C-shaped clamp; S43: Pass the grouting pipe 11 through the first circular hole 10-3 of the fastening connector 10, and fix the grouting pipe 11 to the fastening connector 10 by applying screws in the first screw holes 10-1. The grouting pipe 11 is connected to the grouting connector 9 below the fastening connector 10, so that the grouting pipe 11, the grouting connector 9, the grouting pipe 8 and the fastening connector 10 form a whole, that is, a grouting device; S44: Adjust the height of the static sounding rod 16 of the penetration device so that the static sounding rod 16 passes through the second circular hole 10-4 of the fastening connector 10, and fix the static sounding rod 16 to the fastening connector 10 by applying screws in the second screw hole 10-2. In this way, the grouting device and the penetration device are fixed together.

[0035] S5: Prepare the slurry required for the test and carry out dynamic grouting while lifting; specifically: At the same time as the grouting begins, the motor 18 is started, and the second screw 4-2 is driven to rotate by the motor 18, thereby driving the fixing device 15 and the static penetration probe rod 16 fixed to the fixing device 15 to rise uniformly at a preset speed, so that the grouting pipe 8 rises to the designed height, thereby realizing the soil reinforcement on one side of the shield tunnel model 12, and the motor is turned off at the same time when the grouting is completed.

[0036] S6: After the grouting is completed, the grouting device, including the fastening connector 10, the grouting connector 9, the grouting pipe 8 and the grouting pipe 11, is disassembled, and the static sounding probe 19 is installed at the bottom end of the static sounding rod 16 of the penetration device.

[0037] S7: After the slurry solidifies, repeat step S3 to obtain the CPT data of the preset penetration point of the static penetration test after grouting.

[0038] S8: Compare the CPT data before and after grouting, and make a quick estimate of the reinforcement effect. The specific implementation of the processing of CPT data and the estimation of the reinforcement effect is not the focus of the technical solution of this application and will not be described in detail here.

[0039] The above description is only a description of the preferred embodiments of the present application, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present application. Any changes or modifications made by any person skilled in the art based on the above disclosed technical contents shall be deemed as equivalent effective embodiments and shall fall within the scope of protection of the technical solution of the present application.

Claims

1. A test device for simulating pipe pulling and lifting grouting and rapid estimation of stratum reinforcement effect, characterized in that: It includes a model body, a penetration device, a grouting device and a static penetration device; The model body comprises a model box (1) and a shield tunnel model (12) arranged in the model box (1); The penetration device is arranged on the upper part of the model box (1), and simulated pipe pulling and lifting grouting is realized by connecting the penetration device with the grouting device, and static penetration test data is collected and the rapid estimation of the stratum reinforcement effect is realized by connecting the penetration device with the static penetration device.

2. A test device for simulating pipe pulling and lifting grouting and rapid estimation of stratum reinforcement effect as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The penetration device includes a horizontal adjustment mechanism and a vertical adjustment mechanism; The horizontal adjustment mechanism comprises a first steel support (2-1), a second steel support (2-2), a first steel plate (5-1), a second steel plate (5-2), a first limit block (6-1), a second limit block (6-2), a first slide rail (7-1), a second slide rail (7-2), a first screw rod (4-1), a hand wheel (13), a base (14), and a connecting block (3), wherein: The first steel support (2-1) and the second steel support (2-2) are placed on the top of the model box (1), and the distance between the first steel support (2-1) and the second steel support (2-2) is adjusted according to the actual size of the model box; The first steel plate (5-1) is fixed on the first steel support (2-1) and the second steel support (2-2); the first limit block (6-1), the second limit block (6-2) and the first slide rail (7-1) are respectively provided on the upper surface of the first steel plate (5-1); the first limit block (6-1) and the second limit block (6-2) are respectively located at two ends of the first slide rail (7-1); The second steel plate (5-2) is fixed on the first steel support (2-1) and the second steel support (2-2); a second slide rail (7-2) is provided on the upper surface of the second steel plate (5-2); the second slide rail (7-2) is parallel to the first slide rail (7-1) provided on the first steel plate (5-1); The lower part of the base (14) is mounted on the first slide rail (7-1) and the second slide rail (7-2) and can slide along the first slide rail (7-1) and the second slide rail (7-2); a side surface of the base (14) is fixed to the connecting block (3); The connecting block (3) is provided with a through hole, in which a thread matching the first screw rod (4-1) is provided, and the first screw rod (4-1) is threadedly connected to the connecting block (3) through the through hole; the two ends of the first screw rod (4-1) are respectively mounted on the first limit block (6-1) and the second limit block (6-2), and the axis of the first screw rod (4-1) is parallel to the first slide rail (7-1); The hand wheel (13) is fixed to one end of the first screw rod (4-1); the hand wheel (13) is rotated to rotate the first screw rod (4-1), thereby driving the connecting block (3) to move along the length direction of the first screw rod (4-1); when the hand wheel is rotated, the first screw rod (4-1) does not undergo axial displacement under the limiting action of the first limiting block (6-1) and the second limiting block (6-2); The vertical adjustment mechanism comprises a steel housing (17), a motor (18), a fixing device (15), a second screw rod (4-2), and a static penetration rod (16), wherein: The bottom of the steel housing (17) is fixed to the upper surface of the base (14), the motor (18) is arranged on the top of the steel housing (17), the second screw rod (4-2) is vertically located in the internal cavity surrounded by the steel housing (17), and the upper end of the second screw rod (4-2) is connected to the output shaft of the motor (18), and the second screw rod (4-2) is driven to rotate by the motor (18); The fixing device (15) has a static feeler rod (16) fixed on its front side, and a through hole is provided on its rear side, wherein the through hole is provided with a thread matching the second screw rod (4-2), and the second screw rod (4-2) is threadedly connected to the fixing device (15) through the through hole; the second screw rod (4-2) is driven to rotate by controlling the motor (18), thereby driving the fixing device (15) to move along the length direction of the second screw rod (4-2).

3. A test device for simulating pipe pulling and lifting grouting and rapid estimation of stratum reinforcement effect as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The base (14) comprises a first slider (14-1), a second slider (14-2) and a bottom plate (14-3); the first slider (14-1) and the second slider (14-2) are welded to the lower surface of the bottom plate (14-3); tracks are arranged at the bottom of the first slider (14-1) and the second slider (14-2); the shapes of the tracks match the first slide rail (7-1) and the second slide rail (7-2).

4. A test device for simulating pipe pulling and lifting grouting and rapid estimation of stratum reinforcement effect as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The grouting device comprises a grouting pipe (8), a grouting connector (9), a fastening connector (10), and a grouting pipe (11), wherein: The grouting connector (9) is used to connect the grouting pipe (8) and the grouting pipe (11) to form a grouting passage; The fastening connector (10) is used to fix the grouting pipe (11) and the static sounding rod (16) of the penetration device, thereby connecting the grouting device and the penetration device together.

5. A test device for simulating pipe pulling and lifting grouting and rapid estimation of stratum reinforcement effect as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The fastening connector (10) is provided with two circular holes extending vertically therethrough, namely a first circular hole (10-3) and a second circular hole (10-4), which are respectively used to connect the slurry delivery pipe (11) and the static sounding rod (16), and the radii of the two circular holes match the radii of the slurry delivery pipe (11) and the static sounding rod (16). At the same time, two screw holes are also provided on the side of the fastening connector (10), namely a first screw hole (10-1) and a second screw hole (10-2), which correspond to the two circular holes, respectively. The slurry delivery pipe (11) and the fastening connector (10) are fastened to each other, and the static sounding rod (16) and the fastening connector (10) are fastened to each other by applying screws in the screw holes.

6. The test device for simulating pipe pulling and lifting grouting and rapid estimation of stratum reinforcement effect as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The static penetration test device comprises a static penetration test probe (19) and is used for performing a static penetration test to obtain CPT data.

7. A test method for simulating pipe pulling and lifting grouting and rapid estimation of stratum reinforcement effect, characterized in that: The test device according to any one of claims 1 to 6 is implemented, comprising the following steps: S1: Perform pre-test preparations, install a shield tunnel model (12) in the model box (1), fill in an appropriate amount of model soil according to test requirements, and preset grouting hole positions and several static penetration points near the grouting hole positions in the soil in the model box according to test requirements; S2: placing the assembled penetration device on the model box (1), and then installing a static penetration probe (19) at the bottom end of the static penetration rod (16) of the penetration device; S3: Obtain CPT data of static penetration test points near the grouting hole; S4: removing the static penetration probe (19), burying the grouting pipe (8) so that its grouting outlet is located at a predetermined depth of the soil, assembling the grouting device, adjusting the position of the penetration device, and fixing the grouting device and the lower part of the static penetration rod (16) of the penetration device; S5: Prepare the slurry required for the test and carry out dynamic grouting while lifting: S6: After the grouting is completed, the grouting device, including the fastening connector (10), the grouting connector (9), the grouting pipe (8) and the grouting pipe (11), is removed, and a static penetration probe (19) is installed at the bottom end of the static penetration rod (16) of the penetration device; S7: After the slurry solidifies, repeat step S3 to obtain the CPT data of the preset penetration point of the static penetration test after grouting; S8: Compare the CPT data before and after grouting and make a quick estimate of the reinforcement effect.

8. A test method for simulating pipe pulling and lifting grouting and rapid estimation of stratum reinforcement effect as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: The step S3 comprises: S31: adjusting the left and right positions of the static penetration probe (19) by adjusting the positions of the first steel plate (5-1) and the second steel plate (5-2) on the upper part of the model box (1), adjusting the front and rear positions of the static penetration probe (19) by rotating the hand wheel (13) until the static penetration probe (19) is aligned with the static penetration point, and at this time, the penetration device and the model box are fixed together using a clamp; S32: starting the motor (18), driving the second screw (4-2) to rotate by the motor (18), thereby driving the fixing device (15) and the static penetration rod (16) fixed to the fixing device (15) to move downward, and the static penetration probe (19) at the end of the static penetration rod (16) penetrates into the soil, and obtains the CPT data before grouting; and then driving the second screw (4-2) to rotate by the motor (18), thereby driving the fixing device (15) and the static penetration rod (16) fixed to the fixing device (15) to move upward, and the static penetration probe (19) at the end of the static penetration rod (16) moves out of the soil; S33: Repeat the operations of the above steps S31 and S32 until the CPT data of all preset static penetration test points before grouting are obtained.

9. The test method for simulating pipe pulling and lifting grouting and rapid estimation of stratum reinforcement effect as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: The step S4 comprises: S41: connecting the grouting pipe (8) to the lower part of the grouting connector (9), wherein the lower end of the grouting pipe (8) is pre-buried in the soil, and the grouting outlet is arranged to reach the soil at a specified depth in the preset grouting hole; S42: adjusting the positions of the first steel plate (5-1) and the second steel plate (5-2) of the penetration device on the upper part of the model box (1) and the hand wheel (13) so that the position of the static sounding rod (16) matches the grouting pipe (8), and then fixing the penetration device and the model box together using a clamp; S43: passing the grouting pipe (11) through the first circular hole (10-3) of the fastening connector (10), and fixing the grouting pipe (11) to the fastening connector (10) by applying a screw to the first screw hole (10-1), and connecting the grouting pipe (11) to the grouting connector (9) below the fastening connector (10), so that the grouting pipe (11), the grouting connector (9), the grouting pipe (8) and the fastening connector (10) form a whole, namely, a grouting device; S44: Adjust the height of the static sounding rod (16) of the penetration device so that the static sounding rod (16) passes through the second circular hole (10-4) of the fastening connection member (10), and fix the static sounding rod (16) to the fastening connection member (10) by applying a screw to the second screw hole (10-2), so that the grouting device and the penetration device are fixed together.

10. The test method for simulating pipe pulling and lifting grouting and rapid estimation of stratum reinforcement effect as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: The step S5 comprises: At the same time as the grouting starts, the motor (18) is started, and the second screw (4-2) is driven to rotate by the motor (18), thereby driving the fixing device (15) and the static penetration probe rod (16) fixed to the fixing device (15) to rise at a preset speed, so that the grouting pipe (8) rises to reach the designed height, thereby achieving soil reinforcement on one side of the shield tunnel model (12), and the motor is turned off when the grouting is completed.

Images