An online agricultural water quality monitoring system based on UAV technology

Abstract

The present invention discloses an agricultural water quality on-line monitoring system based on UAV technology, which relates to the field of agricultural intelligent water quality detection. It includes a terminal cloud platform, a UAV platform and a water quality sampler. In the UAV platform, a UAV with stable flight performance and long endurance is selected, which is equipped with an intelligent control system and a data transmission and processing module to transmit the detected water quality data to the terminal cloud platform for analysis and processing. The present invention samples and detects the water bodies in the surface layer and soil layer of farmland, and can also adapt to the sampling detection of the corresponding soil layer depth according to the looseness of the planted soil at the detection point, which can avoid the influence of the infiltration of the surface water body on the sampling detection data when collecting water samples in the planted soil, effectively ensuring the data accuracy of both, realizing the full-chain monitoring from the "input end" to the "action end", and comprehensively digitally warning and protecting the agricultural ecosystem.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of agricultural intelligent water quality detection, and specifically to an online agricultural water quality monitoring system based on UAV technology. Background Art

[0002] Agricultural non-point source pollution is one of the important sources of water pollution. Its monitoring and management are of great significance for protecting water resources and maintaining ecological balance. UAV technology provides an innovative, efficient, and intelligent solution for online monitoring of agricultural non-point source water quality. It not only improves the efficiency and accuracy of water quality monitoring but also provides more scientific and reliable data support for water quality management and environmental protection. In the future, with the continuous development and improvement of technology, UAV intelligent sampling and detection are expected to be applied and promoted in a wider range of fields.

[0003] Currently, we find that when existing UAVs sample and detect water quality, they often can only sample and detect the water body, ignoring the water quality detection in the soil layer. This drawback is more obvious in farmland planting areas, resulting in a lack of monitoring of the crop planting environment. Some devices that can detect the water quality in the soil layer ignore the looseness of the soil when sampling and detecting the water quality in the soil, which will be affected by the infiltration of the upper water source on the detection data. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an online agricultural water quality monitoring system based on UAV technology to comprehensively monitor the water quality of farmland and solve the problems raised in the above background art.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solution: An online agricultural water quality monitoring system based on UAV technology, including an upper housing. A connecting cylinder is fixedly installed on the lower end surface of the upper housing. A surface detection cylinder for swirling and collecting and detecting the upper-layer water body is rotatably connected to the lower end surface of the connecting cylinder. A central column cylinder is rotatably installed on the lower end surface of the surface detection cylinder. A threaded cylinder is slidably installed in the inner cavity of the central column cylinder. A lead screw is fixedly connected to the lower end surface of the surface detection cylinder. The lead screw extends downward and penetrates into the inner cavity of the central column cylinder and is threadedly connected to the threaded cylinder. A pressure-expanding collection component for collecting and detecting the water body in the underlying planted soil is fixedly installed on the lower end surface of the threaded cylinder. An outer cover control component for adapting to the corresponding depth according to the looseness of the underlying planted soil to collect the water body in the soil is arranged on the outer end surface of the central column cylinder. By sampling and detecting the water body in the upper layer of the farmland and the underlying planted soil, and at the same time, collecting and detecting the water samples in the underlying planted soil at different depths according to the different softness of the planted soil, accurate water quality detection and pollution prevention and control can be achieved.

[0006] Preferably, the diffuser collection assembly includes a conical member fixedly installed on the lower end face of the threaded cylinder. On the conical surface at the bottom of the conical member, open cavities are equidistantly distributed. In each open cavity, a triangular water collection member is provided. The triangular end at the bottom of the triangular water collection member is rotatably connected in the open cavity. A connecting portion is fixedly provided at the upper end of the triangular water collection member. A through groove is provided through the threaded cylinder. A ring kit is slidably sleeved on the threaded cylinder. A cross plate is fixedly connected in the ring kit. The cross plate slidably passes through the through groove. A return spring is connected between the bottom of the through groove and the lower end face of the cross plate. A hinge column is fixedly connected to the lower end face of the cross plate. A connecting rod is hinged between the spherical portion at the bottom end of the hinge column and the connecting portion.

[0007] Preferably, the interior of the triangular water collection member is hollow, and the end face on the side close to the center line of the conical member is open. Water seepage holes are distributed on the front, rear, and top end faces of the triangular water collection member.

[0008] Preferably, the outer cover control assembly includes a bottom ring member and an end cover portion slidably installed on the central column cylinder. Connecting plates are fixedly connected between the lower end face of the end cover portion and the upper end face of the conical member. A conical spring is connected between the inner cavity end face of the bottom ring member and the lower end face of the end cover portion.

[0009] Preferably, the outer cover control assembly further includes a gland member provided at the bottom end of the central column cylinder. The gland member is slidably sleeved on the threaded cylinder. The lower end face of the gland member abuts against the upper end face of the ring kit. An outer sleeve spring is connected between the upper end face of the gland member and the end cover portion. Control cavities are respectively provided on the left and right sides of the central column cylinder. In each control cavity, a double-headed control plate is slidably installed. A compression spring is connected between the double-headed control plate and the inner side wall of the control cavity. The hook-shaped end at the bottom of the double-headed control plate is embedded in the inner groove in the gland member, and the arc-shaped protruding portion at the upper end of the double-headed control plate extends to the outside.

[0010] Preferably, a number of arc-shaped blade plates are equidistantly distributed on the outer peripheral end face of the surface detection cylinder. The interior of each arc-shaped blade plate is hollow and provided with two openings. One is communicated with the inner cavity of the surface detection cylinder, and the other opening is inclined upward.

[0011] Preferably, a power motor is fixedly installed in the inner cavity of the upper housing. The output end of the power motor is fixedly connected with a rotating shaft, and the rotating shaft extends downward through the inner cavity of the connecting cylinder and is fixedly connected with the upper end face of the surface detection cylinder.

[0012] Preferably, a partition board is fixedly installed on the upper end surface of the gland member, the partition board separates the double-headed control board from the straight cylinder spring, a downward extension board is fixedly connected to the lower end surface of the end cover portion, and the end cover portion can be slidably inserted into the inner cavity between the partition board and the central column cylinder.

[0013] Preferably, a protruding portion is provided at the edge portion of the bottom end surface of the bottom ring member, an extension portion is provided at the edge portion of the upper end surface of the bottom ring member, and strip-shaped raised lines are provided on the extension portion.

[0014] Preferably, water quality sensor modules are respectively installed at the bottom of the inner cavities of the surface detection cylinder and the conical member.

[0015] In summary, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0016] By sampling and detecting the water bodies in the surface layer and the soil layer of the farmland, and at the same time being able to adapt to the sampling detection of the corresponding soil layer depth according to the tightness of the planted soil at the detection point, it can avoid the influence of the infiltration of the surface water body on the sampling detection data when collecting the water samples in the planted soil, effectively ensuring the data accuracy of both, detecting the external water source and the internal soil water source of the farmland, realizing the full-chain monitoring from the "input end" to the "action end", and carrying out comprehensive digital early warning protection for the agricultural ecosystem. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the following drawings are only some embodiments of the invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the process framework structure of an agricultural water quality online monitoring system based on UAV technology of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the water quality sampling structure of an agricultural water quality online monitoring system based on UAV technology of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the main view sectional structure of the water quality sampling of an agricultural water quality online monitoring system based on UAV technology of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 The partial enlarged structure schematic diagram at A in;

[0022] Figure 5 For the present inventionFigure 4 Schematic diagram of the partial enlarged structure at position B in the middle;

[0023] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the structure of the bottom ring part in the water quality sampling of an agricultural water quality online monitoring system based on UAV technology according to the present invention;

[0024] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the structure of the end cover part in the water quality sampling of an agricultural water quality online monitoring system based on UAV technology according to the present invention;

[0025] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the structure of the surface detection cylinder in the water quality sampling of an agricultural water quality online monitoring system based on UAV technology according to the present invention;

[0026] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the structure of the ring kit in the water quality sampling of an agricultural water quality online monitoring system based on UAV technology according to the present invention;

[0027] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the unfolded structure of the gland part and the partition board in the water quality sampling of an agricultural water quality online monitoring system based on UAV technology according to the present invention;

[0028] Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the opened structure of the triangular water sampling part in the water quality sampling of an agricultural water quality online monitoring system based on UAV technology according to the present invention;

[0029] Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the structure of the conical part in the water quality sampling of an agricultural water quality online monitoring system based on UAV technology according to the present invention;

[0030] Figure 13 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the conical part in the water quality sampling of an agricultural water quality online monitoring system based on UAV technology according to the present invention;

[0031] Figure 14 Schematic diagram of the structure of the triangular water sampling part in the water quality sampling of an agricultural water quality online monitoring system based on UAV technology according to the present invention.

[0032] The marks in the drawings are described separately as follows: upper housing 10; wire rope 11; connecting cylinder 12; surface detection cylinder 13; arc-shaped blade 14; end cover part 15; lower extension plate 151; conical spring 16; bottom ring part 17; power motor 18; rotating shaft 19; central column cylinder 20; threaded cylinder 21; lead screw 22; connecting plate 23; straight cylinder spring 24; cross plate 25; through groove 26; ring kit 27; hinged column 28; connecting rod 29; conical part 30; triangular water sampling part 31; open cavity 32; connecting part 33; gland part 34; inner groove 35; partition board 36; double-headed control board 37; control inner cavity 38; water quality sensor module 40. Detailed implementation mode

[0033] Now, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention. These drawings are all simplified schematic diagrams, only illustrating the basic structure of the present invention in a schematic manner, so they only show the components related to the present invention.

[0034] To facilitate the understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described more comprehensively below with reference to the relevant drawings. Several embodiments of the present invention are given in the drawings. However, the present invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. On the contrary, the purpose of providing these embodiments is to make the disclosure of the present invention more thorough and comprehensive.

[0035] All the features disclosed in this specification, or all the steps in the disclosed methods or processes, except for mutually exclusive features and / or steps, can be combined in any way.

[0036] Any feature disclosed in this specification (including any additional claims, abstract, and drawings), unless specifically stated, can be replaced by other equivalent or features with similar purposes. That is, unless specifically stated, each feature is only an example of a series of equivalent or similar features.

[0037] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, terms such as "installation", "connection", "connection", "fixation", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or integrated; it can be a mechanical connection, a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. It can be the communication inside at least two elements or the interaction relationship between at least two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0038] The following will be combined with Figures 1-14 to describe the present invention in detail. For the convenience of narration, the following directions are defined as follows: The up, down, left, right, front, and back directions mentioned below are the same as the front, back, left, right, up, and down directions of the Figure 2 viewing direction, Figure 2 is the front view of the device of the present invention, Figure 2 The direction shown is the same as the front, back, left, right, up, and down directions of the front view direction of the device of the present invention.

[0039] Please refer to Figure 1, an embodiment provided by the present invention: An agricultural water quality online monitoring system based on UAV technology, including a terminal cloud platform, a UAV platform and a water quality sampler. The UAV selected in the UAV platform has stable flight performance and long endurance, and is equipped with an intelligent control system and a data transmission and processing module to transmit the detected water quality data to the terminal cloud platform for analysis and processing, generating a water quality monitoring report and early warning information. The water quality sampler is installed on the UAV. After the UAV reaches the monitoring point, the water quality sampler is controlled to fall into the farmland water body for sampling and detection. The water quality sensor module installed inside the water quality sampler directly detects the collected water sample to monitor key water quality parameters in the water body, such as pH value, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, conductivity, etc.;

[0040] Most of our traditional detections are for the water quality of the upper-layer water body, ignoring the detection of the water quality in the planting soil, and cannot well carry out early warning and maintenance of the farmland ecosystem. Among them

[0041] The surface water body includes liquid water sources in direct contact with the soil such as irrigation water, rainwater runoff, and field surface water. The core reasons for its detection are as follows:

[0042] 1. Tracking external pollution sources

[0043] Industrial or domestic sewage: If the irrigation water source is polluted by upstream industrial wastewater (such as heavy metals, organic pollutants) or domestic sewage (such as antibiotics, pathogens), direct use will cause soil and crop pollution.

[0044] Agricultural non-point source pollution: When rainfall scours the farmland surface, pesticide and fertilizer residues will enter rivers or groundwater with runoff, and detection can evaluate the pollution diffusion risk.

[0045] 2. Optimizing irrigation water quality

[0046] Salt and pH control: Irrigation water with high salt content or extreme pH will damage the soil structure (such as sodium ions causing clay hardening). After detection, modifiers (such as gypsum) can be added or the water source can be adjusted.

[0047] Pathogen prevention and control: Using untreated livestock and poultry manure water for irrigation may carry pathogenic bacteria (such as Escherichia coli), and detection can avoid food safety problems caused by fruit and vegetable pollution.

[0048] 3. Regulations and ecological protection

[0049] Compliance with emission standards: If the farmland drainage flows into natural water bodies, it needs to meet environmental protection emission standards (such as total phosphorus and total nitrogen limits) to avoid causing eutrophication (such as blue-green algae blooms in rivers).

[0050] The soil water body (i.e., soil solution) is the medium for crop roots to directly absorb water and nutrients. The key reasons for its detection include:

[0051] 1. Evaluate the available nutrients in crops

[0052] Nutrient dynamic monitoring: The concentrations of nitrogen (nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen), phosphorus, and potassium in the soil solution reflect the immediate nutrient supply capacity and guide precision fertilization.

[0053] Example: If the concentration of nitrate nitrogen in the soil solution is too high, it indicates over-fertilization, which may cause excessive growth or environmental pollution, and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer needs to be reduced.

[0054] 2. Diagnose soil health problems

[0055] Salinization warning: The electrical conductivity (EC) of the soil solution directly indicates the degree of salt accumulation. For example, when the EC value in saline-alkali soil exceeds the crop tolerance threshold (such as 3 dS / m), leaching and desalination are required.

[0056] Heavy metal migration risk: The concentrations of pollutants (such as lead, arsenic) in the soil solution reflect their bioavailability. High concentrations can be absorbed by crops and need to be fixed by passivators (such as biochar).

[0057] 3. Reveal the vertical migration of pollutants

[0058] Groundwater protection: Pollutants seeping down from the surface soil may contaminate groundwater.

[0059] Moreover, we found that there are planting soils with different degrees of softness in the farmland, and the infiltration degree of the upper water body in planting soils with different degrees of softness also varies. For some soft planting soils, the upper pores are larger and have better connectivity, which will increase the rate and total amount of water infiltration. Because water is more likely to flow downward through large pores, in this case, it is necessary to collect water samples from deeper layers for water quality detection. On the contrary, for some planting soils with higher hardness, it is not necessary to collect water samples from deeper layers excessively. Excessive collection of water samples from deeper layers will instead cause abnormal deviation of the water quality detection data of the farmland;

[0060] Therefore, in this embodiment, the water quality sampler includes a driving component part, an upper water body collection and detection part, a pressure expansion collection component for the water body collection and detection in the planting soil, and an outer cover control component for the water body collection depth adapted to the looseness degree of the planting soil. By sampling and detecting the water bodies in the upper layer of the farmland and the bottom planting soil, and at the same time, it can also collect and detect water samples in the bottom planting soil at different depths according to different softness degrees of the planting soil to achieve accurate water quality detection and pollution prevention and control.

[0061] Reference Figure 2 、 Figure 3 And Figure 8, in this embodiment, the driving component part includes an upper housing 10, a wire rope 11, a connecting cylinder 12 and a power motor 18. The upper end of the upper housing 10 is connected to the drone through the wire rope 11, and the rise and fall of the water quality sampler are controlled by controlling the retraction and release of the wire rope 11. The power motor 18 is installed in the inner cavity of the upper housing 10, and the output end is connected to a rotating shaft 19.

[0062] The upper-layer water body collection and detection part includes a surface detection cylinder 13, arc-shaped blades 14 and a water quality sensor module 40. The surface detection cylinder 13 is rotatably connected to the connecting cylinder 12, and the upper end surface is also fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 19. A central column cylinder 20 is rotatably installed at the bottom of the surface detection cylinder 13, and a lead screw 22 is fixedly connected at the same time. The lead screw 22 rotatably penetrates into the inner cavity of the central column cylinder 20. The arc-shaped blades 14 are evenly distributed and installed around the surface detection cylinder 13. The openings of the arc-shaped blades 14 are all inclined upward, and the inside is communicated with the inner cavity of the surface detection cylinder 13;

[0063] Obviously, when the rotating shaft 19 rotates counterclockwise, it will drive the surface detection cylinder 13 to rotate, so as to form a swirl around the arc-shaped blades 14. The swirl can fully mix the surrounding water samples, so that the water flow enters the inner cavity of the surface detection cylinder 13 through the arc-shaped blades 14 for collection, and the water quality sensor module 40 detects the sampled water quality, which can greatly ensure the uniformity of the sampled water quality and the accuracy of the data, thus completing the sampling and detection of the upper-layer water body.

[0064] Reference Figure 4 , Figure 9 And Figure 11 — Figure 14 , in this embodiment, the diffuser collection component of the water body collection and detection part in the planting soil includes a threaded cylinder 21, a cross plate 25, a ring kit 27, a hinged column 28, a conical part 30, a triangular water sampling part 31 and a water quality sensor module 40;

[0065] The threaded cylinder 21 is slidably connected to the inner cavity of the central column cylinder 20 and is threadedly connected to the lead screw 22. A through groove 26 is provided through the threaded cylinder 21. The ring kit 27 is slidably sleeved on the threaded cylinder 21. At this time, the transverse plate 25 in the ring kit 27 slidably passes through the through groove 26. At the same time, a return spring is connected between the bottom of the through groove 26 and the lower end surface of the transverse plate 25. The articulated column 28 is fixedly connected to the transverse plate 25. A connecting rod 29 is hinged between the spherical ball at the bottom of the articulated column 28 and the connecting portion 33 at the upper end of the triangular water sampling member 31. Four open cavities 32 are equidistantly distributed on the conical surface at the bottom of the conical member 30. Each open cavity 32 is provided with a triangular water sampling member 31. The triangular end at the bottom of the triangular water sampling member 31 is rotatably connected in the open cavity 32, enabling the triangular water sampling member 31 to rotate outwards. Moreover, the inside of the triangular water sampling member 31 is hollow, and the end face on one side close to the center line of the conical member 30 is open. Water seepage holes are distributed on the front, rear, and top end faces of the triangular water sampling member 31.

[0066] When collecting water in the planting soil, the conical member 30 will be driven by the threaded cylinder 21 to insert downward into the planting soil, and the pointed end at the bottom of the conical member 30 can fully break the soil. After the conical member 30 penetrates into the planting soil, the ring kit 27 will be pressed downward, so that the articulated column 28 is pressed downward to push the four triangular water sampling members 31 to turn outwards away from the center line of the conical member 30. Refer to Figure 11 , during the outward turning process, the side of the triangular water sampling member 31 without water seepage holes will squeeze the surrounding planting soil, so that the water contained in the planting soil is squeezed into the inner cavity of the conical member 30 through the water seepage holes, enabling the water quality sensor module 40 to detect the sampled water quality, thereby realizing the collection and detection of the water contained in the planting soil by squeezing the planting soil, and effectively avoiding the influence of the upper layer of water mixing on the detection data.

[0067] Refer to Figure 2 、 Figure 4 — Figure 7 、 Figure 10, in this embodiment, the outer cover control component of the planting soil tightness adapted to the water body collection depth includes an end cover portion 15, a conical spring 16, a bottom ring member 17 and a gland member 34. The end cover portion 15 is slidably sleeved on the central column cylinder 20, and four connecting plates 23 are fixedly connected between the upper end surface of the conical member 30. The connecting plates 23 are distributed around the central column cylinder 20. It should be noted that the four connecting plates 23 can be replaced by a ring cylinder with the same thickness, and the conical spring 16 is connected between the end cover portion 15 and the bottom ring member 17. The bottom ring member 17 is in direct contact with the planting soil. At the same time, the gland member 34 is slidably sleeved on the threaded cylinder 21, the lower end surface of the gland member 34 abuts against the upper end surface of the ring sleeve member 27, and an outer sleeve spring is connected between the upper end surface of the gland member 34 and the end cover portion 15. The central column cylinder 20 is provided with control cavities 38 on the left and right sides respectively. A double-headed control plate 37 is slidably installed in each control cavity 38. A compression spring is connected between the double-headed control plate 37 and the inner side wall of the control cavity 38. The hook-shaped end at the bottom of the double-headed control plate 37 is embedded in the inner groove 35 in the gland member 34 to hook and limit the gland member 34, and the arc-shaped protruding portion at the upper end of the double-headed control plate 37 extends to the outside;

[0068] Specifically, the bottom ring member 17 stands on the planting soil at the water sample collection point. When starting the water quality sampling and detection, the rotation of the lead screw 22 drives the threaded cylinder 21 to slide downwards, thereby driving the conical member 30 to insert downwards into the planting soil. At the same time, the end cover portion 15 will move downwards together. At this time, the conical spring 16 and the straight cylinder spring 24 will be squeezed and contracted together, so that the conical spring 16 and the straight cylinder spring 24 continue to store energy. As the conical member 30 is inserted deeper and deeper into the planting soil, the contraction of the conical spring 16 and the straight cylinder spring 24 will become tighter and the elastic force contained will become greater. The bottom ring member 17 is on the surface of the planting soil. After receiving the elastic force of the conical spring 16, there will be a downward pressure, causing the bottom ring member 17 to squeeze into the surface of the planting soil. During the gradual tightening of the conical spring 16, the force on the bottom ring member 17 will become greater. At this time, specific situations are distinguished according to the tightness of the planting soil:

[0069] If the planting soil is relatively compact, it can withstand a relatively large extrusion force without causing the bottom ring member 17 to sink. At this time, the bottom ring member 17 is still on the surface layer of the planting soil, which means that the water on the surface layer is not likely to seep downward. Therefore, it is not necessary to sample deeper into the soil. During the continuous downward insertion of the conical member 30, the downward extension plate 151, which is arranged in a fitting manner between the lower end surface of the end cover portion 15 and the outer surface of the central column cylinder 20, will move downward along the central column cylinder 20 until it abuts against the arc-shaped protrusion at the upper end of the double-headed control plate 37, thereby triggering the inward sliding of the double-headed control plate 37, causing the hook-shaped end at the bottom to disengage from the upper cavity wall of the inner groove 35, enabling the gland member 34 to slide downward. Due to the contraction force of the straight cylinder spring 24 on the upper side, there will be a downward elastic force on the gland member 34, causing the gland member 34 to impact downward onto the ring kit 27, thereby giving an initial huge impact force to the articulated column 28 to open the triangular water sampling member 31 outward to extrude the planting soil. After the initial impact, due to the continuous existence of the contraction force of the straight cylinder spring 24, there will be a subsequent continuous extrusion force, causing the triangular water sampling member 31 to continuously extrude the planting soil around the detection point, enabling the water contained in the planting soil to flow into the inner cavity of the conical member 30 through the seepage holes under extrusion for sampling and detection.

[0070] If the planting soil is relatively soft and cannot withstand a relatively large extrusion force, this will cause the bottom ring member 17 to sink when subjected to the force of the conical spring 16. The bottom ring member 17 will sink into the planting soil, and the entire sampling point will move downward in the vertical direction relative to the initial position. This means that the water on the surface layer is likely to seep downward, and it is necessary to sample deeper into the soil. The bottom ring member 17 will sink under the continuous contraction pressure of the conical spring 16 until it can no longer sink. The looser the soil, the greater the depth of sinking, and thus the greater the depth of sampling, so as to avoid the influence of surface water seepage on the sampling and detection data when collecting water samples from the planting soil. However, too large a depth will deviate from the data materials required for detection, affecting the early warning of the farmland ecosystem.

[0071] It should be noted that in order to avoid accidentally triggering the downward movement of the gland member 34, in this embodiment, a partition plate 36 is fixedly installed on the upper end surface of the gland member 34. The partition plate 36 separates the double-headed control plate 37 from the straight cylinder spring 24, and the end cover portion 15 can be slidably inserted into the inner cavity between the partition plate 36 and the central column cylinder 20.

[0072] It should also be noted that in this embodiment, a protruding portion is provided at the bottom end surface of the bottom ring member 17 at the edge portion, which facilitates the stable placement of the bottom ring member 17 on the planting soil. At the same time, an extension portion is provided at the upper end surface of the bottom ring member 17 at the edge portion, and strip-shaped convex lines are provided on the extension portion. By utilizing the friction of the strip-shaped convex lines, the excessive sinking depth of the bottom ring member 17 can be effectively avoided.

[0073] Specifically, in the context of a planted farmland area, samples of the surface water and the water in the planting soil in the farmland are collected and detected. Through combined analysis, the health of crops, soil sustainability, and ecological safety can be comprehensively ensured. The drone is controlled on the terminal cloud platform to fly to the designated detection point. At least three drones are set in each planted farmland area, and the drones are evenly distributed on the diagonal line of the planted farmland to sample and detect the water quality in the farmland. After the drone reaches the designated position, the water quality sampler is lowered into the farmland, and then the bottom ring member 17 stands on the planting soil. The water quality at each point and the water quality in the soil are sampled and detected. The power motor 18 is started, and the rotating shaft 19 drives the surface detection cylinder 13 to rotate counterclockwise, so as to form a swirl around the arc-shaped blade 14. The swirl can fully mix the surrounding water samples, so that the water flow enters the inner cavity of the surface detection cylinder 13 through the arc-shaped blade 14 for collection. The water quality sensor module 40 detects the sampled water quality. While rotating, the lead screw 22 drives the threaded cylinder 21 to move downward, and the butterfly cone member 30 is inserted into the planting soil at the detection point. At the same time, during the continuous downward insertion of the cone member 30, the downward extension plate 151 provided by the fitting of the lower end surface of the end cover portion 15 and the outer surface of the central column cylinder 20 will move downward along the central column cylinder 20 until it abuts against the arc-shaped protruding portion at the upper end of the double-headed control plate 37, thereby triggering the double-headed control plate 37 to slide inward, so that the hook-shaped end at the bottom is separated from the upper cavity wall of the inner groove 35, and the pressing cover member 34 slides downward. Due to the contraction force of the straight cylinder spring 24 on the upper side, there is a downward elastic force on the pressing cover member 34, so that the pressing cover member 34 hits the ring kit 27 downward, thereby giving an initial huge impact force to the articulated column 28 to open the triangular water sampling member 31 outward to squeeze the planting soil. After the initial impact, due to the existence of the contraction force of the straight cylinder spring 24, there will be a subsequent continuous extrusion force, so that the triangular water sampling member 31 continuously squeezes the planting soil around the detection point, and the water contained in the planting soil is squeezed into the inner cavity of the cone member 30 through the water seepage holes for sampling and detection. The detection data of the surface water and the water in the soil layer are transmitted to the terminal cloud platform through the data transmission and processing module for analysis and summary:

[0074] There are limitations in detecting only the surface water or the soil water alone. Joint analysis can improve the management accuracy:

[0075] 1. Distinguish the pollution sources

[0076] Input vs. Accumulation Comparison: If the concentration of pollutants (such as pesticides) in surface water is low but high in soil solution, it indicates that the pollutants may come from historical residues or deep migration, and soil remediation needs to be traced.

[0077] 2. Optimize integrated water and fertilizer management

[0078] Dynamic Regulation: Combine irrigation water quality (such as calcium and magnesium content) and soil solution nutrient data to adjust the water and fertilizer formula. For example, in areas with hard water where irrigation water contains high calcium, calcium fertilizer addition can be reduced.

[0079] 3. Ecological risk modeling

[0080] Predict long-term impacts: Through surface water input data (such as annual irrigation volume, pollutant load) and soil solution accumulation data, simulate the future 10-year change trends of salts or heavy metals, and formulate preventive measures.

[0081] Some of the detection indicators can be:

[0082] The core indicators of surface water are: pH, EC, heavy metals, total nitrogen / phosphorus, pathogens;

[0083] Significance of detection: Ensure irrigation safety, prevent external pollution input, and reduce non-point source pollution.

[0084] The core indicators of soil water are: nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus, EC, heavy metals, pH;

[0085] Significance of detection: Diagnose the root environment, warn of salinization / acidification, and guide precision fertilization and pollution remediation.

[0086] Detecting farmland surface water and soil water is essentially a full-chain monitoring from the "input end" to the "action end";

[0087] Surface water detection: Control external risks and prevent pollutants from entering the farmland system;

[0088] Soil water detection: Precision manage the crop growth environment and prevent soil degradation and groundwater pollution.

[0089] The combination of the two can provide data support for the sustainable development of agriculture, achieve closed-loop management of "source control - process optimization - terminal safety", and ultimately ensure food security, ecological security and farmers' economic benefits.

[0090] The above is only the specific implementation manner of the invention, but the protection scope of the invention is not limited thereto. Any change or replacement that can be thought of without creative labor should be covered within the protection scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the invention should be subject to the protection scope defined by the claims.

Claims

1. An agricultural water quality online monitoring system based on drone technology, comprising an upper housing (10), characterized in that: A connecting tube (12) is fixedly mounted on the lower end surface of the upper shell (10); a surface detection tube (13) for collecting and detecting swirling flow of upper water bodies is rotatably connected to the lower end surface of the connecting tube (12); a central column (20) is rotatably mounted on the lower end surface of the surface detection tube (13); a threaded tube (21) is slidably mounted in the inner cavity of the central column (20); a lead screw (22) is fixedly mounted on the lower end surface of the surface detection tube (13); the lead screw (22) extends downward and penetrates into the inner cavity of the central column (20) and is threadedly connected to the threaded tube (21); a pressure diffusion collection component for collecting and detecting water bodies in bottom planting soil is fixedly mounted on the lower end surface of the threaded tube (21); The outer end surface of the core cylinder (20) is provided with an outer cover control component for collecting water in the soil at a corresponding depth according to the tightness of the bottom planting soil. The pressure diffusion collection component comprises a cone member (30) fixedly mounted on the lower end surface of the threaded cylinder (21). Open cavities (32) are evenly distributed on the cone surface at the bottom of the cone member (30). A triangular water collection member (31) is respectively provided in each of the open cavities (32). The triangular end at the bottom of the triangular water collection member (31) is rotatably connected in the open cavities (32). A connecting portion (33) is fixedly provided at the upper end of the triangular water collection member (31). A through groove (26) is provided through the threaded cylinder (21). The threaded cylinder (21) slides upward. A ring set (27) is sleeved, a transverse plate (25) is fixedly connected in the ring set (27), the transverse plate (25) slides through the through slot (26), a return spring is connected between the bottom of the through slot (26) and the lower end surface of the transverse plate (25), a hinge column (28) is fixedly connected to the lower end surface of the transverse plate (25), a connecting rod (29) is hinged between the spherical part at the bottom end of the hinge column (28) and the connecting part (33), the outer cover control assembly comprises a bottom ring member (17) and an end cover part (15) slidably mounted on the central column (20), a connecting plate (23) is fixedly connected between the lower end surface of the end cover part (15) and the upper end surface of the conical member (30), the bottom ring member A conical spring (16) is connected between the inner cavity end surface of the central cylinder (20) and the lower end surface of the end cover (15); a pressure cover member (34) is provided at the bottom end of the central cylinder (20); the pressure cover member (34) is slidably mounted on the threaded cylinder (21); the lower end surface of the pressure cover member (34) abuts against the upper end surface of the ring sleeve (27); an outer sleeve spring is connected between the upper end surface of the pressure cover member (34) and the end cover (15); the central cylinder (20) is provided with control cavities (38) on the left and right sides respectively; a double-headed control plate (37) is slidably mounted in each of the control cavities (38); a compression spring is connected between the double-headed control plate (37) and the inner side wall of the control cavity (38);The bottom hook end of the double-headed control plate (37) is embedded in the inner groove (35) in the cover member (34), and the arc-shaped protrusion at the upper end of the double-headed control plate (37) extends to the outside.

2. The agricultural water quality online monitoring system based on drone technology according to claim 1 is characterized by: The interior of the triangular water collecting member (31) is hollow, and the end surface close to the center line of the conical member (30) is open. The front and rear end surfaces and the top end surface of the triangular water collecting member (31) are all provided with water seepage holes.

3. The agricultural water quality online monitoring system based on drone technology according to claim 2 is characterized by: A plurality of arc-shaped blades (14) are evenly spaced on the outer end surface of the surface detection tube (13); each arc-shaped blade (14) is hollow inside and has two openings, one of which is connected to the inner cavity of the surface detection tube (13) and the other opening is inclined upward.

4. The agricultural water quality online monitoring system based on drone technology according to claim 3 is characterized by: A power motor (18) is fixedly installed in the inner cavity of the upper shell (10), and a rotating shaft (19) is fixedly connected to the output end of the power motor (18). The rotating shaft (19) extends downwardly through the inner cavity of the connecting cylinder (12) and is fixedly connected to the upper end surface of the surface detection cylinder (13).

5. The agricultural water quality online monitoring system based on drone technology according to claim 4 is characterized by: A partition (36) is fixedly installed on the upper end surface of the pressure cover (34), and the partition (36) separates the double-head control plate (37) from the straight cylinder spring (24). The lower end surface of the end cover (15) is fixedly connected with a lower extension plate (151), and the end cover (15) can be slidably inserted into the inner cavity between the partition (36) and the central column (20).

6. The agricultural water quality online monitoring system based on drone technology according to claim 5 is characterized by: The bottom end surface of the bottom ring member (17) is provided with a protrusion at the edge position, and the upper end surface of the bottom ring member (17) is provided with an extension at the edge position, and the extension is provided with a strip-shaped raised pattern.

7. The agricultural water quality online monitoring system based on drone technology according to claim 6 is characterized by: The surface detection cylinder (13) and the inner cavity bottom of the cone (30) are respectively installed with water quality sensor modules (40).

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