System and method for determining device-specific operating configuration of microwave generator

Abstract

A microwave generator includes a microwave signal generator configured to transmit a microwave signal to a microwave instrument coupled to the microwave generator, and a generator controller storing a plurality of resistance value indicators. A device ID reader is configured to measure a resistance of the coupled microwave instrument. The generator controller is configured to compare the measured resistance of the coupled microwave instrument to the plurality of resistance value indicators to identify a type of the coupled microwave instrument. The instrument monitoring controller is configured to transmit a data request to the coupled microwave instrument based on the identified type of the coupled microwave instrument. The generator controller is configured to set at least one operational threshold of the microwave generator based on one of: an operational configuration corresponding to one of the plurality of resistance indicators or data communicated from the coupled microwave instrument.

Description

[0001] This divisional application is a divisional application based on the Chinese patent application with application number 201980080422.5, application date December 02, 2019, and invention name “System and method for determining device-specific operating configuration of a microwave generator”.

[0002] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0003] This application claims the benefit of the filing date of Provisional U.S. Patent Application No. 62 / 774,927, filed on December 4, 2018, and the benefit of the filing date of Provisional U.S. Patent Application No. 62 / 774,936, filed on December 4, 2018. Technical Field

[0004] The present disclosure relates to microwave generators, and more particularly to systems and methods for identifying a device connected to a microwave generator to determine a generator operating configuration specific to the connected device. Background Art

[0005] In microwave ablation, electromagnetic fields are used to heat and destroy tumor cells. Treatment may involve inserting an ablation probe into tissue where a cancerous tumor has been identified. Once the ablation probe is properly positioned, the ablation probe generates an electromagnetic field within the tissue surrounding the ablation probe to heat or ablate the tissue.

[0006] Typically, a system for microwave ablation surgery includes a microwave generator and a microwave instrument such as an ablation probe having an antenna assembly. The microwave generator and the microwave instrument are operably coupled to each other via a coaxial cable to transmit microwave signals from the microwave generator to the microwave instrument. The microwave generator typically includes a circuit for generating a microwave signal and a controller for controlling the operation of the circuit and controlling a user interface such as a display, the user interface including user controls for setting microwave signal characteristics, such as a button for adjusting the power level of the microwave signal.

[0007] Some microwave generators may incorporate other features, such as instrument monitoring functions, to assist the user in performing ablation procedures. However, the user may not be able to update or reconfigure those other features to keep up with the latest technology or meet the user's changing needs. Summary of the invention

[0008] According to various aspects of the present disclosure, a microwave generator is provided. The microwave generator includes a microwave signal generator and a generator controller, the microwave signal generator is configured to transmit a microwave signal to a microwave instrument coupled to the microwave generator, and the generator controller communicates with the microwave signal generator. The generator controller stores a plurality of resistance value indicators. The microwave generator also includes an instrument monitoring module that communicates with the generator controller. The instrument monitoring module includes an equipment ID reader, which is configured to measure the resistance of the coupled microwave instrument. The generator controller is configured to compare the measured resistance of the coupled microwave instrument with the plurality of resistance value indicators to identify the type of the coupled microwave instrument. The instrument monitoring module also includes an instrument monitoring controller, which is configured to transmit a data request to the coupled microwave instrument based on the identified type of the coupled microwave instrument. The generator controller is configured to set at least one operating threshold of the microwave generator based on one of the following: an operating configuration corresponding to a resistance value indicator in the plurality of resistance value indicators and data transmitted from the coupled microwave instrument in response to a data request from the instrument monitoring controller.

[0009] In another aspect, based on a comparison between the measured resistance and the plurality of resistance value indicators, the generator controller is configured to identify the coupled microwave instrument as a smart device configured to communicate with the microwave generator.

[0010] In another aspect, based on identifying the coupled microwave instrument as a smart device, the instrument monitoring controller is configured to transmit a data packet to the coupled microwave instrument, the data packet requesting data stored on a memory of the coupled microwave instrument.

[0011] In another aspect, the data stored on the memory of the coupled microwave instrument includes at least one operating threshold selected from a maximum power setting, a maximum treatment time, a maximum device temperature, and a maximum reflected power.

[0012] In another aspect, the data stored on the memory of the coupled microwave instrument includes an indication that the coupled microwave instrument is configured to at least one of activate the microwave generator, deactivate the microwave generator, and set a power level of the microwave generator.

[0013] In another aspect, the data stored on the memory of the coupled microwave instrument includes at least one of a reuse count of the coupled microwave instrument and power loss information specific to the coupled microwave instrument.

[0014] In yet another aspect, the generator controller is configured to control transmission of the microwave signal based on a coupled microwave instrument exceeding at least one operating threshold.

[0015] In another aspect, the data transmitted from the coupled microwave instrument in response to the data request from the instrument monitoring controller includes ablation performance data specific to the coupled microwave instrument.

[0016] In another aspect, the generator controller is configured to determine compatibility of the coupled microwave instrument with the microwave generator based on the identified type of the coupled microwave instrument.

[0017] In another aspect, each resistance value indicator of the plurality of resistance value indicators includes at least one of a resistance value and a resistance value range.

[0018] According to various aspects of the present disclosure, a microwave generator is provided. The microwave generator includes a microwave signal generator and a generator controller, the microwave signal generator is configured to transmit a microwave signal to a microwave instrument coupled to the microwave generator, and the generator controller communicates with the microwave signal generator. The generator controller stores a plurality of device types and corresponding operating temperature thresholds for each of the plurality of device types. The microwave generator also includes a device ID reader, the device ID reader is configured to receive a device ID from a coupled microwave instrument and transmit the device ID to the generator controller. The generator controller is configured to identify the type of coupled microwave instrument and the corresponding operating temperature threshold based on a comparison between the received device ID and the plurality of stored device types. The generator controller is also configured to predict the temperature of the coupled microwave instrument during a planned ablation procedure based on at least one operating setting of the microwave generator before transmitting the microwave signal to the coupled microwave instrument. The generator controller is also configured to control the transmission of the microwave signal to the coupled microwave instrument based on a comparison between the predicted temperature of the coupled microwave instrument and the operating temperature threshold.

[0019] In another aspect, the microwave generator further includes an instrument temperature monitor configured to measure a temperature of a coupled microwave instrument, and the generator controller is configured to predict a temperature of the coupled microwave instrument during a planned ablation procedure based on at least one operating setting of the microwave generator and a temperature of the coupled microwave instrument determined by the instrument temperature monitor before transmitting a microwave signal to the coupled microwave instrument.

[0020] In another aspect, the at least one operational setting includes a power setting and a treatment time setting.

[0021] In another aspect, the generator controller is configured to determine the at least one operating setting based on the identified type of coupled microwave instrument.

[0022] In yet another aspect, the generator controller is configured to allow transmission of the microwave signal to a coupled microwave ablation instrument if the predicted temperature does not exceed an operating temperature threshold of the coupled microwave instrument.

[0023] In another aspect, the generator controller is configured to adjust the predicted temperature in response to an adjustment of the at least one operating setting of the microwave generator.

[0024] In another aspect, the microwave generator further includes a user interface module in communication with the generator controller and configured to display an indication to a user based on a comparison between the predicted temperature of the coupled microwave instrument and the operating temperature threshold.

[0025] According to various aspects of the present disclosure, a method for controlling the operation of a microwave generator is provided, and the method includes transmitting a current from the microwave generator to a microwave instrument coupled to the microwave generator to generate a resistance specific to the microwave instrument. The method also includes comparing the resistance with a plurality of resistance value indicators stored on the microwave generator, and identifying the type of the coupled microwave instrument based on the comparison between the resistance and the plurality of resistance value indicators. The method also includes transmitting a data request from the microwave generator to the coupled microwave instrument based on the identified type of the coupled microwave instrument. The method also includes receiving data stored on the coupled microwave instrument at the microwave generator in response to the transmitted data request, and setting at least one operating threshold of the microwave generator based on the data received from the coupled microwave instrument.

[0026] In another aspect, identifying the type of coupled microwave instrument includes determining whether the coupled microwave instrument is compatible with the microwave generator.

[0027] In another aspect, the data stored on the coupled microwave instrument includes at least one of ablation performance data specific to the coupled microwave instrument or at least one operating threshold specific to the coupled microwave instrument. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Various embodiments of the present disclosure are described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0029] Figure 1 is a block diagram of a microwave ablation system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0030] Figure 2A According to the embodiments of the present disclosure Figure 1 Circuit diagram of microwave generator;

[0031] Figure 2B According to the embodiments of the present disclosure Figure 1 Block diagram of microwave equipment;

[0032] Figure 3 According to the embodiments of the present disclosure Figure 2A A circuit block diagram of a generator controller of a microwave generator;

[0033] Figure 4 According to the embodiments of the present disclosure Figure 2A A circuit block diagram of a microwave module of a microwave generator;

[0034] Figure 5 According to the embodiments of the present disclosure Figure 2A A circuit block diagram of an instrument monitoring module of a microwave generator;

[0035] Figure 6 is shown for use Figure 2A A flow chart of a method for performing microwave ablation surgery using a microwave generator;

[0036] Figure 7 is shown for determining Figure 2A A flowchart of a method for configuring a device-specific operation of a microwave generator; and

[0037] Figure 8 Another embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 2A Flow chart of a method for performing microwave ablation surgery using a microwave generator. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The specific embodiments of the present disclosure are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the following description, well-known functions or constructions are not described in detail to avoid obscuring the present disclosure in unnecessary detail.

[0039] In addition to the primary function of generating a microwave signal to be used by a microwave instrument, a microwave generator may also perform several functions related to the primary function. While other features add utility to a microwave generator, they also require more power, use more processing resources, and increase the overall manufacturing cost. The present disclosure is directed to a modular microwave generator system that includes physical modules with decentralized, isolated processing to perform auxiliary functions associated with the microwave generator.

[0040] One such auxiliary function associated with the microwave generator includes identifying a device connected to the microwave generator. Based on the identified type of the connected device, the microwave generator can determine whether the connected device is compatible with the microwave generator, determine the performance of the connected device, and can be configured using device-specific operating thresholds based on the performance of the identified device. For example, the microwave generator can determine whether the connected device is a so-called "smart device" that can communicate (e.g., digitally communicate) with the microwave generator. If the microwave generator determines that the connected device is a smart device, the microwave generator can transmit a request to the connected device, and in response, the connected device will transmit device-specific data stored on the connected device, such as device-specific operating thresholds, ablation performance data, device ID, and device status information (e.g., the number of previous uses of the connected device). The request transmitted by the microwave generator and the response transmitted by the connected device can be in the form of data packets, and the microwave generator and the connected device are configured to transmit these data packets using a suitable communication interface such as a serial peripheral interface ("SPI"). By storing device-specific data on the connected smart device instead of the microwave generator, the hardware and software of the microwave generator will not need to be updated to be compatible with the connected smart device.

[0041] Another such auxiliary function associated with the microwave generator includes monitoring the temperature of a device connected to the microwave generator. For example, the voltage difference between two wires connected to a thermocouple or thermistor of a connected device may be measured to determine the temperature of the connected device. Based on the identified type of the connected device, the microwave generator may determine a specific operating threshold of the connected device, such as an operating temperature threshold, before starting an ablation procedure. The operating temperature threshold may be the maximum temperature at which the connected device can safely operate during an ablation cycle. Using certain parameters (e.g., the initial temperature of the connected device, the identity of the connected device, the power setting, and the treatment time setting), before starting an ablation procedure, the module of the microwave generator executes appropriate software that predicts the temperature of the connected device during the planned ablation procedure. The predicted temperature value may be used to inform the clinician whether the planned ablation cycle can be performed and completed without exceeding the operating temperature threshold of the connected device. If the predicted temperature value exceeds the operating temperature threshold of the connected device, the user interface of the system may provide an indication that the planned ablation cycle cannot be completed without exceeding the operating temperature threshold and / or without triggering a thermal interlock state. The indication enables the clinician to adjust the operating settings of the microwave generator and optionally the associated cooling system for cooling the connected device before starting the ablation procedure so that the predicted temperature value does not exceed the operating temperature threshold of the connected device and the planned ablation procedure can be completed without interruption. For example, the clinician can reduce the power setting and treatment time setting of the microwave generator to reduce the predicted temperature value. The clinician can also adjust the settings of the cooling system associated with the microwave generator, such as fluid temperature and fluid pump settings, to reduce the predicted temperature value. The predicted temperature value can be determined in real time and displayed on the user interface so that when the clinician adjusts the operating settings of the microwave generator and / or the cooling system, the displayed predicted temperature value changes accordingly. In addition to or as an alternative to displaying the predicted temperature value on the user interface, if the predicted temperature value exceeds the operating temperature threshold of the connected device, the indicator mark can be illuminated on the user interface of the microwave generator. The clinician can then reduce the power setting and / or treatment time setting to reduce the predicted temperature value. When the predicted temperature value drops below the operating temperature threshold of the connected device, the illuminated indicator mark dims or otherwise stops emitting light to indicate that the predicted temperature value does not exceed the operating temperature threshold of the connected device and the planned ablation procedure can be completed without interruption. If the operating temperature threshold of the connected device is exceeded, the indicator mark may also illuminate on the user interface of the microwave generator during the ablation procedure. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, if the predicted temperature value exceeds the operating temperature threshold of the connected device, the microwave generator is prevented from starting until the clinician adjusts the operating settings of the microwave generator and / or the cooling system so that the predicted temperature value no longer exceeds the operating temperature threshold.

[0042] Figure 1is a block diagram of a microwave ablation system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 1 As shown, the microwave ablation system 100 generally includes a microwave generator 110, a connected device 180 (e.g., a microwave ablation instrument, such as a microwave antenna) connected to the microwave generator 110 via a reusable cable 160, and a radiometer 150. The connected device 180 includes a device ID module 170 having a device unique identification resistor ("DUIR") 240 and a device ID memory 260 (see Figure 2B ). The DUIR 240 has a device unique identification (“DUID”) resistor that can be measured by the microwave generator 110 and compared to a resistance value indicator stored in a memory of the microwave generator 110 to identify the type of the connected device 180. Based on the identified type of the connected device 180, it can be determined whether the connected device is of a type that is compatible with the microwave generator 110. The device ID module 170 can be incorporated into the connected device 180, or can be incorporated into a separate connector or adapter configured to mate with the connector of the reusable cable 160. Thus, the reusable cable 160 can be connected to the DUIR 240 and the device ID memory 260 by connecting to the device 180, or the reusable cable 160 can be connected to the DUIR 240 and the device ID memory 260, which are in turn connected to the device 180. Similar memories and / or resistors storing device-specific information may be included in the reusable cable 160 and the radiation measurement detector 150. The microwave generator 110 may also be connected to a foot switch 140 via a foot switch port on the microwave generator 110 .

[0043] In some embodiments, the device ID memory 260 stores an identifier or device ID that can be detected and utilized by the microwave generator 110 to identify the type of the connected device 180. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the device ID can be unique for a certain type of instrument, so that each instrument of a specific type shares a common device ID. In other embodiments of the present disclosure, the device ID can be unique for a specific individual instrument. Based on the identified type of the connected device 180, factors such as the compatibility of the connected device 180 with the microwave generator 110, device-specific operating thresholds (e.g., operating temperature thresholds), and device performance (e.g., smart device functions) can be determined. Some or all of these determination processes can be used to ensure the safe operation of the connected device 180 and configure the operation of the microwave generator 110 in a manner that utilizes the performance of the connected device 180. Device-specific operating thresholds may include, but are not limited to, maximum power, maximum treatment time (e.g., maximum use time or maximum treatment time per use), operating temperature thresholds, and maximum reflected power. The device type may correspond to a specific performance of the device, a device model, a device model of a specific series, a treatment method of a specific type of device, whether the device is smart or not, compatibility of the device with the microwave generator, or any combination of the foregoing.

[0044] During use of the microwave ablation system 100, a variety of different subsystems may be employed. Typically, the operation of the subsystems is controlled by a microprocessor-driven console (e.g., microwave generator 110). The microprocessor receives mechanical input from an operator of the microwave ablation system 100 or from an assistant. A control input device, such as a foot switch 140, is used to receive mechanical input from the operator so that the operator can control the operation of the subsystems within the microwave ablation system 100. When actuated by the operator, the control input device transmits an electrical signal to the microprocessor control system. The electrical signal is then used to control the operating characteristics of the subsystems in the microwave ablation system 100.

[0045] like Figure 1 As shown, the microwave generator 110 is connected to a remote temperature probe 190. The remote temperature probe 190 may include a temperature sensor such as a thermocouple or a thermistor, and may include a memory for storing a device ID or other information such as status information. The remote temperature probe 190 is operable to measure the tissue temperature at the surgical site. In one embodiment, the remote temperature probe 190 is configured to continuously output a temperature signal to the microwave generator 110, thereby allowing a user to observe the temperature or control the microwave generator 110 based on the temperature signal.

[0046] Figure 2A According to the embodiments of the present disclosure Figure 11 is a circuit block diagram of a microwave generator 110 configured to output a microwave signal. The microwave generator 110 may include any one, a subset, or all of a power module or unit 210, a generator control module or generator controller 220, a microwave module 230, an instrument monitoring module 250, a remote temperature probe monitoring module 270, and a user interface module 290.

[0047] Although shown as a single box in FIG. 2 , the power supply unit 210 is a combination of an AC-DC (alternating current-direct current) power supply and a DC (direct current) power regulation module, which can be physically separated as a module. The DC power regulation module receives direct current from the AC-DC power supply and then regulates the direct current into one or more direct current rails to power other modules within the microwave generator 110. The AC-DC power supply unit within the power supply unit 210 is also electrically connected to the microwave module 230 to provide the microwave module 230 with 34V direct current or a similar direct current voltage required for microwave power amplification. The power supply unit 210 also communicates digitally with the generator controller 220. The generator controller 220 is electrically connected to all modules within the microwave generator 110, including the instrument monitoring module 250, the remote temperature probe monitoring module 270, and the user interface module 290, through communication conduits such as the above-mentioned electrical conductors, optical fibers, or wireless communication links.

[0048] In embodiments of the present disclosure, any, a subset, or all of these modules may be removably connected to a port or terminal of the microwave generator 110. For example, only auxiliary modules, such as the instrument monitoring module 250, the remote temperature probe monitoring module 270, and the user interface module 290, may be removably connected to the microwave generator 110, and the other modules may be more permanently built into the microwave generator 110. A detailed description of the remote temperature probe monitoring module and the user interface module is provided in commonly owned U.S. Patent Publication No. 2017 / 0333128, filed on May 18, 2017, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0049] like Figure 1 As shown, the microwave generator 110 also includes a digital port 120, which is configured to receive a connector to establish a connection with a programming device or a device intended to communicate with various components or modules of the microwave generator 110 (see Figure 2A ). When connected to the digital port 120, the programming device can communicate and program the various modules through the generator controller 220.

[0050] Figure 2B According to the embodiments of the present disclosure Figure 11. The device ID module 170 is a circuit block diagram of the device ID module 170. The device ID module 170 includes a DUIR 240 and a device ID memory 260, each of which is configured to communicate with any one or more modules of the modules of the microwave generator (e.g., the instrument monitoring module 250) via the reusable cable 160. At startup, with the device connected to the microwave generator 110 via the reusable cable 160, the microwave generator 110 can provide a precise current to the DUIR 240 via the reusable cable 160 at any time requested by the generator controller 220 or the user to generate a DUID resistance value. The instrument monitoring module 250 measures the DUID resistance value and transmits the value to the generator controller 220. In order to identify the type of the connected device 180, the generator controller 220 processes the DUID resistance value received from the instrument monitoring module 250, and compares the processed DUID resistance value with a plurality of resistance value indicators stored in the memory of the generator controller 220, each of which corresponds to a specific device type. The identified type of connected device 180 may determine whether the connected device is compatible with microwave generator 110. The device type may correspond to specific capabilities of the device, a device model, a specific series of device models, a specific type of treatment modality for the device, whether the device is intelligent, compatibility of the device with the microwave generator, or any combination of the foregoing.

[0051] Based on the identified type of the connected device 180, a device-specific operating threshold for configuring the operation of the microwave generator 110 used with the connected device 180 is determined. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, a lookup table of device types and their corresponding resistance value indicators may be stored in a memory of the generator controller 220. The resistance value indicator may be, for example, a resistance value, a resistance value range, or a resistance value with a specified tolerance (e.g., 0.1%, 1.0%, etc.). For each device type and its resistance value indicator, the lookup table includes a corresponding set of device-specific operating thresholds for configuring the microwave generator 110 used with the connected device 180 and utilizing the performance of the connected device 180. The device-specific operating thresholds may include, but are not limited to, maximum power settings, maximum treatment time (e.g., maximum use time or maximum treatment time per use), maximum device temperature, and maximum reflected power. If the determined DUID resistance of the connected device 180 matches the resistance value indicator of a device type that does not include intelligent performance, the microwave generator 110 will be set to operate using the corresponding device-specific operating threshold specified for the device type in the lookup table. If the determined DUID resistance of the connected device 180 matches the resistance value indicator corresponding to the smart device type so that the connected device 180 can communicate with the microwave generator 110, the microwave generator 110 may transmit a request for device-specific data stored on the device ID memory 260 of the connected device 180 to the connected device 180. In this case, the above-mentioned device-specific data may not be defined in the lookup table stored on the generator controller 220, but stored in the device ID memory 260 of the connected device 180. If it is determined based on the measured DUID resistance that the connected device 180 is incompatible with the microwave generator 110 and / or the measured DUID resistance is consistent with the device disconnect state, the instrument monitoring module 250 may prevent the microwave generator 110 from starting, or the generator controller 220 will instruct the microwave generator 110 to operate using a "safe" operating threshold (e.g., a maximum power setting of 0 watts and a maximum treatment time of 0 seconds).

[0052] If the generator controller 220 detects that the connected device 180 is a smart device, the generator controller 220 may query the connected smart device 180 as needed to find the device-specific data stored on its ID memory 260. For example, the generator controller 220 may utilize the instrument monitoring module 250 to communicate a request data packet (e.g., via an SPI command) to the connected smart device 180. In response to the data request from the generator controller 220, the device ID memory 260 of the connected smart device 180 will respond to the generator controller 220 with the requested data including the device-specific data. The device-specific data stored on the device ID memory 260 may include, but is not limited to, device-specific operating thresholds, ablation performance data, a device ID, a device batch number for tracking the device, and a usage history of the connected smart device, such as or for example, the number of previous uses of the connected smart device, a reuse count of the connected smart device, and power loss information specific to the connected smart device. Based on the re-use count of the connected smart device, it may be determined (e.g., by microwave generator 110) that the connected smart device has met, has not met, or has exceeded a predetermined maximum use count specific to that device or type of device. If it is determined that the connected smart device has reached or exceeded its maximum re-use count, microwave generator 110 may prevent the microwave from activating or otherwise ceasing to operate in conjunction with the connected smart device.

[0053] The device-specific data stored on the device ID memory 260 of the connected smart device 180 may also include device-specific capabilities, such as microwave power level control and microwave power activation and deactivation. For example, in response to a data request from the generator controller 220, the device ID memory 260 of the connected smart device 180 may respond with data indicating that the connected smart device 180 is capable of activating or deactivating the microwave generator 110 and / or is capable of setting the power level of the microwave generator 110. In addition, the device-specific data stored on the device ID memory 260 of the connected smart device 180 may include data indicating a device state. For example, in response to a data request from the generator controller 220, the device ID memory 260 of the connected smart device 180 may respond with data indicating that the connected smart device 180 is requesting to activate the microwave generator 110, is requesting to deactivate the microwave generator 110, or is requesting to set the power level of the microwave generator 110 (e.g., as a percentage of the device-specific maximum power).

[0054] The device-specific data stored on the device ID memory 260 of the connected smart device 180 may also include event log data. For example, each time the device ID memory 260 receives a data request from the generator controller 220 or responds to a data request from the generator controller 220, an event is stored in a log on the device ID memory 260. In addition, in response to a request from the generator controller 220, the device ID memory 260 may transmit to the generator controller 220 a confirmation that the log is stored in the device ID memory 260.

[0055] Figure 3 The generator controller 220 of the microwave generator 110 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. The generator controller 220 includes a power isolator 310 that receives an external DC voltage from a DC power regulation module within the power supply unit 210. The power isolator 310 may include a transformer having a primary winding and a secondary winding. The power received by the power isolator 310 passes through the primary winding of the transformer, which generates a current in the secondary winding of the transformer that is proportional to the current received by the power isolator 310. The generated current provides power to the generator controller microprocessor 330. In an embodiment, the power isolator 310 provides power to the generator controller microprocessor 330 at 12V DC, for example, with a maximum power consumption of 50W.

[0056] The power isolator 310 also provides isolated power to devices connected to the digital port 120 of the microwave generator 110. Optocouplers may replace transformers in the power isolator 310. The power isolator 310 may also include voltage level shifters and buck and / or boost converters.

[0057] The generator controller microprocessor 330 is a programmable processor that is configured by flash programming or by other suitable programming methods and languages ​​to digitally communicate with the microwave module 230, the instrument monitoring module 250, the remote temperature probe monitoring module 270, the user interface module 290, the foot switch 140, other remote switches, and devices connected to the digital port 120 of the microwave generator 110. The generator controller microprocessor 330 can be calibrated to improve the digital communication link by software calibration methods including radix-based digital self-calibration, background equivalent radix extraction, interference elimination, or hardware calibration methods including the use of, for example, a comparator / digital-to-analog converter (DAC) combination, a digitally controllable low-pass filter using a digital potentiometer, a calibration multiplexer, or any hardware and / or software solution. As part of its communications with the microwave module 230, the instrument monitoring module 250, the remote temperature probe monitoring module 270, and the user interface module 290, the generator controller microprocessor 330 transmits information about the generator controller microprocessor 330 to each component, including, for example, status information, serial numbers, and firmware versions, and receives information about the generator controller microprocessor 330 from each component, including, for example, status information, serial numbers, and firmware versions that the generator controller microprocessor 330 continuously processes and monitors.

[0058] The generator controller microprocessor 330 digitally communicates with the user interface module 290 to receive user input and send information that can be communicated to the user through the user interface module 290. The generator controller microprocessor 330 can send a signal to the user interface module 290, causing the user interface module 290 to prompt the user to enter a microwave power level or treatment time. Upon user selection, the user interface module 290 sends a signal to the generator controller microprocessor 330 indicating the selection, and the generator controller microprocessor 330 receives and processes the signal before sending a signal to the microwave module 230 to set the power level or treatment time. In an alternative form, the generator controller microprocessor 330 can delay the signal sent to the microwave module 230. For example, if the generator controller microprocessor 330 receives a treatment time, the generator controller microprocessor 330 sends a signal to the microwave module 230 only when the allotted time has expired. When treatment occurs, the generator controller microprocessor 330 counts down the selected treatment time. In addition to sending an end signal to the microwave module 230, the generator controller microprocessor 330 also communicates with the user interface module 290 throughout the countdown to send information to the user interface module 290 regarding the remaining treatment to be displayed, including the remaining treatment time to indicate the remaining time to the user.

[0059] The generator controller microprocessor 330 may additionally send a command signal to the user interface module 290, causing the user interface module 290 to prompt the user to reset the system startup default state. Upon receiving the user input, the user interface module 290 sends a signal indicative of the user input to the user interface module 290. If the user interface module 290 receives the reset signal, the settings stored in the memory of the user interface module 290 are erased and replaced with the factory default settings stored in the long-term memory.

[0060] The generator controller microprocessor 330 may additionally send a command signal to the user interface module 290, causing the user interface module 290 to prompt the user to set an interlock state. Exemplary interlock state conditions include, but are not limited to, temperature, voltage, current, and / or power limits. Other ranges and limits may be factory settings or determined according to equations depending on the particular settings selected by the user. The generator controller microprocessor 330 receives temperature information from the remote temperature probe monitoring module 270 and power information from the microwave module 230.

[0061] If the measured deviation exceeds the inter-state lock or other range or limit, the generator controller microprocessor 330 causes the microwave module 230 to stop applying microwave energy and sends a signal to the user interface module 290 to cause the user interface module 290 to display an indicator that the inter-state lock or other range or limit has been exceeded. If the inter-state lock has been exceeded, the user interface module 290 can prompt the user to confirm, clear and / or change the interlock state.

[0062] The generator controller microprocessor 330 may additionally send command signals to the user interface module 290, causing the user interface module 290 to display various information, including, but not limited to, the temperature of the connected device, device-specific operating thresholds (e.g., operating temperature thresholds), the identity of the connected device, the compatibility of the connected device, whether the connected device is a smart device, the DUID resistance value of the connected device, the type and model of the current module, and / or errors. The user may choose to confirm and / or clear the displayed information, and the generator controller microprocessor 330 will signal the user interface module 290 to interrupt the display of the information.

[0063] The generator controller microprocessor 330 may additionally signal the user interface module 290, causing the user interface module 290 to prompt the user to start and stop the ablation procedure. If a start or stop input is received from the user, the generator controller microprocessor 330 signals the microwave module 230 to start or stop applying the microwave signal. In an alternative form, the user may cause the generator controller microprocessor 330 to start or stop the ablation procedure by pressing or stopping pressing the foot switch 140.

[0064] Figure 4The microwave module 230 of the microwave generator 110 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. The microwave module 230 contains various components, including a pulse width modulation (PWM) controller 410, an internal temperature monitor 420, a microwave module subsystem controller 430, an amplifier 440, an applied power monitor 450, a reflected power monitor 460, a patient isolator 480, a digital bus isolator 490, and a power isolator 495. The microwave module subsystem controller 430 receives power from the power supply unit 210, such as 36V DC with a maximum power consumption of 350W, for microwave power amplification, and receives power from a DC power conditioning module within the power supply unit 210, such as 12V DC with a maximum power consumption of 50W. The power isolator 495 isolates the power provided to the microwave module subsystem controller 430 from the generator controller 220.

[0065] The microwave module subsystem controller 430 is a programmable processor that is programmed via flash memory or configured via other suitable programming methods and languages ​​to generate up to, for example, 150 W of power according to user-set settings and maintain the power settings within a range of, for example, -5% to +20%. The microwave module subsystem controller 430 is configured with interlock status settings related to power, current, voltage, temperature, or any other measurable criteria suitable for protecting the microwave module 230. If the interlock is exceeded, the microwave module subsystem controller 430 may stop powering any or all components included in the microwave module 230.

[0066] Power isolator 495 receives power from generator controller 220. Power isolator 495 is similar to power isolator 310 and includes one or more transformers, one or more optocouplers, or other suitable circuits for electrically isolating microwave module 290 from other modules and circuits of microwave ablation system 100. Power isolator 495 provides power to microwave module subsystem controller 430. In some embodiments, power isolator 495 may also provide power to amplifier 440.

[0067] The internal temperature monitor 420 continuously measures the temperature of the amplifier 440. The internal temperature monitor 420 may employ a thermocouple, a thermistor, or other suitable temperature sensor. The internal temperature monitor 420 also transmits the temperature data to the microwave module subsystem controller 430. The microwave module subsystem controller 430 routes the temperature data of the amplifier 440 to the generator controller 220 via the digital bus isolator 490, the temperature data being a value in, for example, degrees Celsius. When monitoring the temperature of the amplifier 440, the internal temperature monitor 420 may cause the cooling system to redistribute and remove the heat generated by the amplifier 440.

[0068] The PWM controller 410 generates a pulse width controlled power signal according to an instruction from the microwave module subsystem controller 430. The frequency controller 470 generates a frequency controlled power signal according to an instruction from the microwave module subsystem controller 430. The amplifier 440 receives a pulse width modulation (PWM) signal from the PWM controller 410, receives a frequency control signal from the frequency controller 470, and receives power from the power supply unit 210, such as a 36V DC with a maximum power consumption of 350W. Using the power from the power supply unit, the amplifier 440 amplifies the PWM signal and changes the frequency of the PWM signal according to the frequency control signal to generate a microwave signal. The power signal is provided to the patient isolator 480 by applying a power monitor 450. The applied power monitor 450 determines the power, voltage, current and waveform of the microwave signal, and transmits the information to the microwave module subsystem controller 430 to allow the microwave module subsystem controller 430 to recalibrate the microwave signal.

[0069] The patient is isolated from the microwave module power supply at the patient isolator 480. The patient isolator 480 may include, for example, one or more transformers. The patient isolator 480 outputs the microwave signal to the connected device 180.

[0070] A reflected power monitor 460 connected to the patient isolator 480 monitors the reflected return signal. The reflected power monitor 460 can measure voltage, current, power and / or impedance. The information determined at the reflected power monitor 460 is transmitted to the microwave module subsystem controller 430, wherein the information allows the microwave module subsystem controller 430 to calibrate the microwave signal. The microwave module subsystem controller 430 can compare the information from the reflected power monitor 460 and the applied power monitor 450 to determine the loss and phase shift between the incident wave and the reflected wave of the microwave signal. In addition, the microwave module subsystem controller 430 can transmit raw data or processed data through a digital bus isolator 490, and the digital bus isolator is configured to use a transformer or other isolation device to electrically isolate the microwave module subsystem controller 430 from other modules connected to the digital bus.

[0071] Figure 51 is a circuit block diagram of the instrument monitoring module 250 of the microwave generator 110 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The instrument monitoring module 250 includes a digital bus isolator 510, a power isolator 590, an instrument monitoring subsystem controller 530, an instrument temperature monitor 550, a pass-through circuit 570, and a device ID reader 580. The power isolator 590 is similar to the power isolator 310, and includes one or more transformers, one or more optical couplers, or other suitable circuits for electrically isolating the user interface module 290 from other modules and circuits of the microwave ablation system 100. The power isolator 590 provides power to the instrument monitoring subsystem controller 530.

[0072] The instrument monitoring subsystem controller 530 controls and communicates with the instrument temperature monitor 550, the pass-through circuit 570, and the device ID reader 580. The instrument monitoring subsystem controller 530 also communicates with the generator controller 220 via a digital bus connected to a digital bus isolator 510, which relays the communication signals while electrically isolating the instrument monitoring subsystem controller 530.

[0073] At startup or at any time at the generator controller 220 or a user's request, the generator controller 220 may instruct the device ID reader 580 to measure the DUID resistance of the connected device 180 and transmit the measured DUID resistance value to the instrument monitoring subsystem controller 530 for processing and transmission to the generator controller 220. If the connected device 180 is identified as a smart device based on the measured DUID resistance of the connected device 180, the generator controller 220 may instruct the instrument monitoring subsystem controller 530 to transmit a request packet to the device ID memory 260 of the connected device 180 via the reusable cable 160. Upon receiving the request packet from the instrument monitoring subsystem controller 530, the device ID memory 260 of the connected device 180 responds to the instrument monitoring subsystem controller 530 by transmitting the requested packet including the device-specific data to the instrument monitoring subsystem controller 530 via the device ID reader 580. The device ID reader 580 may receive the single-ended signal including the requested data packet and then transmit the single-ended signal to the instrument monitoring subsystem controller 530 for processing and transmission to the generator controller 220 .

[0074] At the start of surgery, the instrument monitoring subsystem controller 530 instructs the instrument temperature monitor 550 to begin monitoring the temperature of the connected device 180. The instrument temperature monitor 550 determines the voltage difference between two wires connected to, for example, a thermocouple or thermistor to determine the temperature of the connected device 180.

[0075] The pass-through circuit 570 receives the microwave output signal through the receive (Rx) channel and outputs the same microwave output signal unchanged or at least with slight changes through the transmit (Tx) channel. The pass-through circuit 570 measures the voltage and current waveforms and transmits the waveform information to the instrument monitoring subsystem controller 530. The instrument monitoring subsystem controller 530 analyzes the data and transmits the information to the generator controller 220 via the digital bus and the digital bus isolator 510.

[0076] In another embodiment of the present disclosure, at startup or at any time requested by the generator controller or a user, the instrument monitoring subsystem controller 530 instructs the instrument temperature monitor 550 to begin monitoring the temperature of the connected device 180. To determine the temperature of the connected device 180, the instrument temperature monitor 550 may determine the voltage difference between two lines connected to, for example, a thermocouple or a thermistor coupled to the connected device 180. The instrument monitoring subsystem controller 530 processes the voltage difference to determine the temperature of the connected device 180 and transmits the temperature to the generator controller 220, which issues a command signal to the user interface module 290, causing the user interface module 290 to display the temperature of the connected device 180.

[0077] At startup or at any time at the generator controller 220 or user request, the generator controller 220 may instruct the device ID reader 580 to receive the device ID of the connected device 180 from the device ID memory 260 via the reusable cable 160. The device ID reader 580 may receive a single-ended signal. Data from the received signal is then transmitted to the instrument monitoring subsystem controller 530 for processing and transmission to the generator controller 220, which uses the device ID to determine the type of connected device 180.

[0078] Based on the determined type of the connected device 180, such as the compatibility of the connected device 180 with the microwave generator 110, device-specific operating thresholds (e.g., operating temperature thresholds), and device performance (e.g., smart device functions) can be determined. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the generator controller 220 may store a device type lookup table in a memory, and compare the device ID with the device type lookup table to determine the type of the connected device 180. For each device type, the lookup table includes a corresponding set of device-specific operating thresholds for configuring the microwave generator 110 for use with the connected device 180, including operating temperature thresholds. The device-specific operating thresholds may also include, but are not limited to, maximum power, maximum treatment time (e.g., maximum use time or maximum treatment time per use), and maximum reflected power. The generator controller 220 may additionally send a command signal to the user interface module 290, so that the user interface module 290 displays the identified type of the connected device 180 and any one or more corresponding device-specific operating thresholds including the operating temperature threshold.

[0079] Prior to initiating an ablation procedure, the generator controller 220 executes suitable software stored in memory that predicts the temperature of the connected device 180 during a planned ablation cycle. The software may accept any one or more variables and / or constants as input to determine the predicted temperature value. The inputs received by the software to calculate the predicted temperature value may be, for example, operating thresholds corresponding to the identity of the connected device 180, operating settings of the microwave generator 110 for the planned ablation cycle (e.g., power and treatment time), and the current temperature of the connected device 180 measured by the instrument temperature monitor 550.

[0080] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the software calculates the predicted temperature value using the following equation:

[0081]

[0082] Where P is the power set manually by the user or automatically by the generator controller, t is the set treatment time or the remaining treatment time (e.g., set time minus elapsed time), Tdtc is the current device temperature measured by the instrument temperature monitor 550, and C1, C2, and C3 are constants assigned to the identified device type to apply to the above equations. The constants C1, C2, and C3 can be, for example, numerical values ​​included in a lookup table for each device type and a corresponding set of device-specific operating thresholds for each device type. Depending on the identified type of the connected device 180, each constant C1, C2, and C3 is assigned a specific value and applied to the above equations.

[0083] The generator controller 220 sends a command signal to the user interface module 290, causing the user interface module 290 to display the predicted temperature value. The predicted temperature value can be used to inform the clinician whether the planned ablation cycle can be performed and completed without exceeding the operating temperature threshold of the connected device 180. In addition, if the predicted temperature value exceeds the operating temperature threshold of the connected device 180, the user interface module 290 can provide an indication that the planned ablation cycle cannot be completed without exceeding the operating temperature threshold of the connected device 180. This indication enables the clinician to adjust the operating settings of the microwave generator 110 and the associated cooling system optionally used to cool the connected device 180 before starting the ablation procedure, so that the predicted temperature value does not exceed the operating temperature threshold of the connected device 180, and the planned ablation procedure can be completed without interruption. The predicted temperature value may be displayed in real time by the user interface module 290, such that when the clinician adjusts the operating settings of the microwave generator 110 and / or the cooling system, the generator controller 220 predicts the temperature of the connected device 180 for the planned ablation cycle based on the adjusted settings of the microwave generator 110, and the user interface module 290 displays the corresponding adjusted predicted temperature value accordingly. In addition to or as an alternative to displaying the predicted temperature value via the user interface module 290, if the predicted temperature value exceeds the operating temperature threshold of the connected device 180, the indicator mark may be illuminated on the user interface of the microwave generator 110. The clinician may then reduce the power setting and / or the treatment time setting to reduce the predicted temperature value. When the predicted temperature value drops below the operating temperature threshold of the connected device 180, the illuminated indicator mark dims or otherwise stops emitting light to indicate that the predicted temperature value does not exceed the operating temperature threshold of the connected device 180, and the planned ablation procedure can be completed without interruption. If the operating temperature threshold of the connected device is exceeded, the indicator mark may also be illuminated on the user interface of the microwave generator 110 during the ablation procedure. In some embodiments of the present invention, if the predicted temperature value exceeds the operating temperature threshold of the connected device 180 , the instrument monitoring module 250 prevents the microwave generator 110 from starting until the predicted temperature value no longer exceeds the operating temperature threshold of the connected device 180 .

[0084] Another aspect of the present disclosure is the use of a radiometer 150. For example, the radiometer 150 detects radiation from a material such as tissue. The radiation detected by the radiometer 150 before and after the application of microwave energy can be sampled and converted into an analog voltage or digital signal and forwarded to the instrument monitoring subsystem controller 530. Figure 1 The radiometer 150 is depicted as a separate component of the system. However, this functionality may be implemented directly in the instrument monitoring subsystem controller 530 analyzing the signal on the pass-through circuit 570.

[0085] Using this information, the instrument monitoring subsystem controller 530 can change, alter, modify or adjust the energy delivered by the microwave generator 110 based on the characteristics of the tissue encountered by the connected device 180. For example, when the tissue contacted by the connected device 180 and sensed by the radiation measurement detector or radiometer 150 is healthy tissue, the instrument monitoring subsystem controller 530 can prevent the microwave generator 110 from applying energy to the tissue. On the other hand, when the connected device 180 is close to tumor tissue, the instrument monitoring subsystem controller 530 can prompt the microwave generator 110 to transmit energy to burn the tumor tissue. Detection of tumor tissue (or healthy tissue) can be achieved by first transmitting a non-therapeutic signal (e.g., very low power or duration) from the microwave generator 110 through the connected device 180 at the suspicious tissue and evaluating the spontaneous response to the inquiry. Then, the instrument monitoring subsystem controller 530 can use algorithms and protocols to determine the tissue type and present these results to the user via a connected display or output terminal on the microwave generator 110.

[0086] In addition, by continuing to detect changes in radiometric readings during the application of energy, the instrument monitoring subsystem controller 530 can make a determination regarding the termination or adequacy of tumor tissue treatment. The detection results allow the instrument monitoring subsystem controller 530 to adjust the operation of the microwave generator 110 based on feedback received from the connected device 180. Radiometric detection can detect heating of tissue by detecting the frequency and signal strength of electromagnetic waves emitted by the tissue that are indicative of tissue temperature. In some embodiments, the radiometer 150 operates at a frequency in the microwave range.

[0087] Figure 6 Shown is a flow chart showing a method for performing a microwave ablation procedure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. First, the physician or operator determines which removable modules or circuits are needed for the ablation procedure. The microwave generator is then connected to a power source such as an electrical outlet, a battery, or any other suitable continuous power source suitable for performing the microwave ablation procedure.

[0088] At step 602, the power supply unit 210 draws power from the power supply and converts the power to regulated direct current, such as 12V, capable of powering the generator controller 220, and, for example, 36V direct current for powering the microwave module 230. At steps 604 and 606, the converted power is provided to the microwave module 230 and the generator controller 220. In the generator controller 220, the converted power passes through a power isolator, such as a transformer, to provide isolated power to the subsystem controllers 330, 430. At step 608, the generator controller microprocessor 330 generates the regulated power.

[0089] At step 610 , the generator controller microprocessor 330 provides regulated power to the instrument monitoring module 250 and the microwave module 230 .

[0090] At step 612, the generator controller 220 determines a device-specific operating configuration for use of the microwave generator 110 with the connected device 180 based on the identified type of the connected device 180. Figure 7 The flowchart shown describes a method of performing step 612 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the generator controller 220 utilizes a device-specific operating configuration to automatically input operating settings (e.g., power and treatment time) of the microwave generator 110 that are most suitable for the connected device 180 for performing and completing the planned ablation cycle. The operating settings are displayed by the user interface module 290 so that the user can read the operating settings to verify that the operating settings are suitable for use with the connected device 180. Optionally, the user can choose to manually input operating settings that are different from the operating settings determined by the generator controller 220 and / or adjust the operating settings of the microwave generator 110 after being automatically input by the generator controller 220.

[0091] After determining the appropriate operating settings for the microwave generator 110, the user may start the microwave generator 110 by entering a user input, such as by depressing a foot pedal or selecting an option on a user interface of the microwave generator 110. The microwave generator 110 may continue to generate microwave power until an end signal is received or until the start signal ceases to be received. At step 614, the microwave module 230 generates a microwave signal according to the instructions of the generator controller 220 and provides the microwave signal to the connected device 180. At step 616, an ablation procedure is initiated, which includes applying microwave energy to the target tissue to ablate the target tissue. At step 618, the instrument monitoring module 250 reads status information from the connected device 180, including temperature, voltage, current and / or impedance, and at step 620, determines whether the status information exceeds a predetermined operating threshold (e.g., an operating temperature threshold and / or a maximum reflected power) of the connected device 180. A determination may be made at microwave module 230 as to whether the operating threshold has been exceeded, and the determination may be sent to generator controller 220, or microwave module 230 may transmit status information to generator controller 220 so that generator controller 220 determines whether the operating threshold has been exceeded.

[0092] If the status information corresponding to the connected device 180 exceeds the operating threshold, the process proceeds to step 622. At step 622, the generator controller 220 determines how to react to the operating threshold being exceeded. If the generator controller 220 is programmed to stop applying microwave power when the operating threshold is exceeded, the process ends. If the generator controller 220 is programmed to adjust the microwave signal, the process proceeds to step 624, where the microwave signal is adjusted so that the procedure can continue, and the process returns to step 618.

[0093] If the status of the connected device 180 is within the operational threshold, the process proceeds to step 626. At step 626, a determination is made as to whether the procedure is complete. The determination is made by the physician or operator or by the microwave generator 110 based on the achievement of a predetermined goal, such as a predetermined ablation zone. If the procedure is not complete, the process returns to step 618. If the procedure is complete, the process ends.

[0094] Figure 7 1 is a flow chart illustrating a method for determining a device-specific operating configuration for use by a microwave generator during an ablation procedure. Figure 7 The method shown is to complete Figure 6 Step 612 of the method shown. In another embodiment of the present disclosure, Figure 6 The method shown is completely independent of Figure 6 The method shown is executed.

[0095] First, a physician or operator connects a device 180 (e.g., a microwave instrument) to the microwave generator 110. At step 702, at any time requested by the generator controller 220 or the user, the microwave generator 110 may provide a precise current to the DUIR 240 of the connected device 180 via the reusable cable 160 to generate a DUID resistance. At step 704, the generator controller 220 instructs the device ID reader 580 to measure the DUID resistance value received from the DUIR 240 of the connected device 180, and at step 706, the generator controller 220 instructs the device ID reader 580 to transmit the measured DUID resistance value to the instrument monitoring subsystem controller 530 for processing and transmission to the generator controller 220.

[0096] At step 708, the generator controller 220 processes the DUID resistance value received from the instrument monitoring module 250 and compares the processed DUID resistance value with the resistance value indicator stored in the memory of the generator controller 220 to identify the type of the connected device 180 at step 710. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the generator controller 220 may store a lookup table of device types and their corresponding resistance value indicators. For each device type and its resistance value indicator, the lookup table includes a corresponding set of device-specific operating thresholds for configuring the microwave generator 110 for use with the connected device 180 during an ablation procedure.

[0097] Based on the identified device type, at step 712, the generator controller 220 determines whether the connected device is compatible with the microwave generator 110. If the connected device 180 is not compatible with the microwave generator 110, then at step 714, the instrument monitoring module 250 prevents the microwave generator 110 from starting, or the generator controller 220 instructs the microwave generator 110 to operate using a safe operating threshold, and the process ends. If the connected device is compatible with the microwave generator 110, the process proceeds to step 716.

[0098] At step 716, the generator controller 220 determines whether the connected device is a smart device. If the connected device is not a smart device, the process proceeds to step 718. At step 718, the generator controller 220 configures the microwave generator 110 according to the device-specific operating thresholds that correspond to the identified type of the connected device 180 in the lookup table, and the process ends.

[0099] If the connected device is a smart device, the process proceeds to step 720. In step 720, the generator controller 220 instructs the instrument monitoring subsystem controller 530 to pass a request packet to the device ID memory 260 of the connected device 180 via the reusable cable 160, the request packet requesting device-specific data (e.g., device-specific operating thresholds, ablation performance data, device ID, device status information, and the number of previous uses) stored on the device ID memory 260. Upon receiving the request packet from the instrument monitoring subsystem controller 530, in step 722, the device ID memory 260 of the connected smart device responds to the instrument monitoring subsystem controller 530 by transmitting the requested packet to the instrument monitoring subsystem controller 530 via the device ID reader 580. In step 724, the requested packet is received by the device ID reader 580 and transmitted to the instrument monitoring subsystem controller 530 for processing and transmission to the generator controller 220. In step 726, the generator controller 220 configures the microwave generator 110 according to the device-specific data transmitted from the device ID memory 260 of the connected device 180. In embodiments of the present disclosure, in addition to or in lieu of the device-specific operating thresholds, the generator controller 220 may also utilize other device-specific data transmitted from the device ID memory 260, such as ablation performance data, device ID, device status information, and the number of previous uses to configure the microwave generator 110 in a manner that takes advantage of the capabilities of the connected device.

[0100] Figure 8 Shown is a flow chart showing a method for performing a microwave ablation procedure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. First, the physician or operator determines which removable modules or circuits are needed for the ablation procedure. The microwave generator is then connected to a power source such as an electrical outlet, a battery, or any other suitable continuous power source suitable for performing the microwave ablation procedure.

[0101] At step 802, the power supply unit 210 draws power from the power supply and converts the power to regulated direct current, such as 12V, capable of powering the generator controller 220, and, for example, 36V direct current for powering the microwave module 230. At steps 804 and 806, the converted power is provided to the microwave module 230 and the generator controller 220. In the generator controller 220, the converted power passes through a power isolator, such as a transformer, to provide isolated power to the subsystem controllers 330, 430. At step 808, the generator controller microprocessor 330 generates the regulated power.

[0102] At step 810 , the generator controller microprocessor 330 provides regulated power to the instrument monitoring module 250 and the microwave module 230 .

[0103] At step 812, the generator controller 220 instructs the device ID reader 580 to receive the device ID of the connected device 180 from the device ID memory 260 via the reusable cable 160, and the generator controller 220 uses the device ID to determine the type of the connected device 180. Based on the identified type of the connected device 180, the generator controller 220 determines corresponding device-specific operating thresholds, including operating temperature thresholds for the connected device 180.

[0104] At step 814, the generator controller 220 determines a device-specific operating configuration for the microwave generator 110 to be used with the connected device 180 based on the identified type of the connected device 180. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the generator controller 220 utilizes the device-specific operating configuration to automatically input operating settings (e.g., power and treatment time) of the microwave generator 110 that are most suitable for the connected device 180 for performing and completing the planned ablation cycle. The operating settings are displayed by the user interface module 290 so that the user can read the operating settings to verify that the operating settings are suitable for use with the connected device 180. Optionally, the user can choose to manually input operating settings that are different from the operating settings determined by the generator controller 220 and / or adjust the operating settings of the microwave generator 110 after being automatically input by the generator controller 220.

[0105] At step 816, the generator controller 220 predicts the temperature of the connected device 180 during the planned ablation cycle.

[0106] At step 818, the generator controller 220 compares the predicted temperature value determined at step 816 to the operating temperature threshold of the connected device 180. If the predicted temperature value exceeds the operating temperature threshold, then at step 820, the user interface module 290 displays an indication (e.g., illuminates an indicator mark on the user interface of the microwave generator 110) prompting the user that the predicted temperature value exceeds the operating temperature threshold of the connected device 180, and in response, the user can adjust the operating settings of the microwave generator 110. The displayed indication may include an indicator mark that illuminates on the user interface of the microwave generator 110 when the predicted temperature value exceeds the operating temperature threshold of the connected device 180, and dims or otherwise stops illuminating when the predicted temperature value drops below the operating temperature threshold of the connected device 180. In addition to or as an alternative to the indicator mark, the displayed indication may include the actual predicted temperature value of the connected device 180 and, optionally, the operating temperature threshold of the connected device 180, so that the clinician can observe the delta between the predicted temperature value of the connected device 180 and the operating temperature threshold.

[0107] At step 822 , the generator controller 220 predicts the temperature of the connected device 180 during the planned ablation cycle based on the adjusted operating settings, and the process returns to step 818 .

[0108] If the predicted temperature value does not exceed the operating temperature threshold, after determining the appropriate operating settings for the microwave generator 110, any previous indication that prompted the user at step 820 is removed from the user interface of the microwave generator 110 (e.g., the indicator icon dims or otherwise stops emitting light), and the user can start the microwave generator 110 by entering a user input, such as by depressing a foot pedal or selecting an option on the user interface of the microwave generator 110. The microwave generator 110 can continue to generate microwave power until an end signal is received or until the start signal ceases to be received. At step 824, the microwave module 230 generates a microwave signal according to the instructions of the generator controller 220 and provides the microwave signal to the connected device 180. At step 826, an ablation procedure is initiated, which includes applying microwave energy to the target tissue to ablate the target tissue. At step 828, the instrument monitoring module 250 reads status information from the connected device 180, including temperature, voltage, current, and / or impedance, and at step 830, determines whether the status information exceeds a predetermined operating threshold (e.g., an operating temperature threshold and / or a maximum reflected power) for the connected device 180. The determination of whether the operating threshold has been exceeded may be made at the microwave module 230, and the determination may be sent to the generator controller 220, or the microwave module 230 may transmit the status information to the generator controller 220 so that the generator controller 220 may determine whether the operating threshold has been exceeded.

[0109] If the status information corresponding to the connected device 180 exceeds the operating threshold, the process proceeds to step 832. At step 832, the generator controller 220 determines how to react to the operating threshold being exceeded. If the generator controller 220 is programmed to stop applying microwave power when the operating threshold is exceeded, the process ends. If the generator controller 220 is programmed to adjust the microwave signal, the process proceeds to step 834, where the microwave signal is adjusted so that the procedure can continue, and the process returns to step 828.

[0110] If the status of the connected device 180 is within the operational threshold, the process proceeds to step 836. At step 836, a determination is made as to whether the procedure is complete. The determination is made by the physician or operator or by the microwave generator 110 based on the achievement of a predetermined goal, such as a predetermined ablation zone. If the procedure is not complete, the process returns to step 818. If the procedure is complete, the process ends.

[0111] Although several embodiments of the present disclosure have been shown in the drawings and / or described herein, the present disclosure is not intended to be limited thereto, as the present disclosure is intended to be as broad as the art allows, and the specification is intended to be read equally broadly. Therefore, the above description should not be construed as limiting, but merely as an illustration of a specific embodiment. Those skilled in the art will be able to envision other modifications within the scope and spirit of the claims appended hereto.

Claims

1. A microwave generator, comprising: a microwave signal generator configured to transmit a microwave signal to a microwave instrument coupled to the microwave generator; a generator controller in communication with the microwave signal generator, the generator controller storing a plurality of device types and a corresponding operating temperature threshold for each of the plurality of device types; a device ID reader configured to receive a device ID from the coupled microwave instrument and transmit the device ID to the generator controller, the generator controller configured to: identifying a type of the coupled microwave instrument and a corresponding operating temperature threshold based on a comparison between the received device ID and a plurality of stored device types; prior to transmitting the microwave signal to the coupled microwave instrument, predicting a temperature of the coupled microwave instrument during a planned ablation procedure based on at least one operating setting of the microwave generator; Transmission of the microwave signal to the coupled microwave instrument is controlled based on a comparison between the predicted temperature of the coupled microwave instrument and the operating temperature threshold.

2. The microwave generator of claim 1 , further comprising an instrument temperature monitor configured to measure a temperature of the coupled microwave instrument, wherein the generator controller is configured to predict the temperature of the coupled microwave instrument during the planned ablation procedure based on the at least one operating setting of the microwave generator and the temperature of the coupled microwave instrument determined by the instrument temperature monitor before transmitting the microwave signal to the coupled microwave instrument.

3. The microwave applicator of claim 1, wherein the at least one operating setting comprises a power setting and a treatment time setting.

4. The microwave generator of claim 1, wherein the generator controller is configured to determine the at least one operating setting based on the identified type of the coupled microwave instrument.

5. The microwave generator of claim 1, wherein the generator controller is configured to allow the microwave signal to be transmitted to the coupled microwave ablation instrument if the predicted temperature does not exceed the operating temperature threshold of the coupled microwave instrument.

6. The microwave generator of claim 1, wherein the generator controller is configured to adjust the predicted temperature in response to an adjustment of the at least one operating setting of the microwave generator.

7. The microwave generator of claim 1 , further comprising a user interface module in communication with the generator controller and configured to display an indication to a user based on a comparison between the predicted temperature of the coupled microwave instrument and the operating temperature threshold.

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