Integral microwave-assisted additive manufacturing device and method

Abstract

The invention relates to an integral microwave-assisted additive manufacturing device and method. The integral microwave-assisted additive manufacturing device comprises a microwave high-temperature cavity, a microwave leakage-proof outer cavity, a microwave element, a high-temperature thermocouple, a high-temperature supporting mechanism and a servo driving mechanism. The microwave auxiliary device is fixed to the supporting frame, and the servo driving mechanism drives the forming base plate to move synchronously through the high-temperature supporting mechanism. According to the device and the method, an additive manufacturing component can autonomously absorb microwaves in a forming high-temperature state, microwave energy is converted into heat energy, rapid temperature rising of the material is achieved, meanwhile, under the synergistic effect of microwave coupling external heat sources, synchronous preheating and slow cooling inside and outside the material are achieved, thermal stress in the forming process is reduced, and therefore material cracking is effectively restrained. The heating temperature and the heating rate are regulated and controlled by controlling the microwave power, so that on-demand preparation of the microstructure of the material is realized; the microwave plasma heat effect and the electric field enhancement effect in the microwave heating process can promote densification of a formed component, and the overall performance of the material is remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of additive manufacturing, and in particular to an integrated microwave-assisted additive manufacturing device and method. Background Art

[0002] Additive manufacturing technology provides a new method for the near-net forming of complex-shaped components through the principle of layer-by-layer accumulation of materials. It has the technical advantages of low process cost, short production cycle, and simple process, and can realize the preparation of complex-shaped components and gradient components on demand. However, during the forming process, the material melts and solidifies rapidly under the action of high-energy beams. Due to the high stress evolution caused by the high temperature gradient, it is very easy to cause deformation and cracking of the components. Using microwave-assisted additive manufacturing process to achieve synchronous preheating and slow cooling of the inside and outside of the material can effectively reduce the thermal stress in the forming process, suppress the deformation and cracking of the sample, and thus improve the overall performance of additive manufacturing components.

[0003] Patent CN111318701 A discloses a residual stress control method for the additive manufacturing process of thin-walled special-shaped metal components, which uses real-time heating to heat the forming substrate, and uses an auxiliary heat source to adopt non-contact heating to reduce the temperature gradient during the laser direct deposition process, thereby reducing the residual stress of the component. However, the residual stress control method uses substrate preheating, which will weaken as the component deposition height increases, and the preheating temperature is low, which has limited effect on the mitigation of residual stress and is not suitable for the forming of large-sized components.

[0004] Patent CN112139497 A discloses a high-temperature integral preheating additive manufacturing device and method, which uses resistance to preheat the overall forming environment temperature, which can reduce the temperature gradient of the sample forming process and thus alleviate the forming thermal stress. However, the method has a slow temperature rise rate, the heating process increases energy consumption while reducing the preparation efficiency, and it is impossible to achieve the temperature rise inside the formed component itself. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the current problems of small local preheating area, discontinuity, slow overall preheating heating rate, and low efficiency, the present invention proposes an overall microwave-assisted additive manufacturing device and method, which performs additive forming in a closed microwave high-temperature cavity. The material absorbs microwaves autonomously under the high-temperature forming state, converts microwave energy into thermal energy, and realizes rapid and uniform heating of the material itself. At the same time, under the synergistic effect of microwave coupling external heat source, the material is preheated and cooled synchronously inside and outside, reducing the temperature gradient during the forming process, reducing the forming thermal stress, and thus effectively inhibiting the cracking of the material. By controlling the microwave power to regulate the heating temperature and rate, the on-demand preparation of the material microstructure is achieved; and the microwave plasma thermal effect and electric field enhancement effect during microwave heating can promote the densification of the formed components and significantly improve the overall performance of the material.

[0006] The technical means adopted by the present invention are as follows:

[0007] An integrated microwave-assisted additive manufacturing device comprises a microwave leakage-proof outer cavity, a microwave high-temperature cavity, a high-temperature thermocouple, a microwave-coupled external heat source support platform, a high-temperature support rod, a microwave leakage-proof flexible cover, a support frame, a microwave magnetron heat dissipation fan, a microwave generator and a central control element; a microwave high-temperature cavity is arranged inside the microwave leakage-proof outer cavity, the microwave leakage-proof outer cavity and the microwave high-temperature cavity are fixed on the support frame, an additive deposition head fixing port for installing an additive deposition head is arranged on the top of the microwave leakage-proof outer cavity and the microwave high-temperature cavity, and a servo drive mechanism is arranged on the bottom, the high-temperature support rod, the microwave coupling external heat source support platform and a forming substrate are arranged inside the microwave high-temperature cavity, and the servo drive mechanism and the microwave coupling external heat source support platform are connected to the forming substrate. The platforms are connected by high-temperature support rods, and the relative movement between the forming substrate and the additive deposition head is regulated by a servo drive mechanism to complete the change of the forming path and realize the overall microwave-assisted additive manufacturing of complex components; a microwave generator and a microwave magnetron heat dissipation fan are arranged between the microwave leakage-proof outer cavity and the microwave high-temperature cavity, and the microwave generator is connected to a central control element, and the central control element is used to regulate the power of the microwave, thereby regulating the heating temperature and rate of the material itself, and coordinating with the microwave-coupled external heat source to realize synchronous preheating and slow cooling of the material inside and outside; a high-temperature thermocouple for monitoring the temperature of the forming substrate and the temperature of the microwave-coupled external heat source support platform is arranged inside the microwave high-temperature cavity, and the high-temperature thermocouple is connected to the central control element.

[0008] Furthermore, the additive deposition head is tightly fitted with the microwave leakage-proof outer cavity and the deposition head fixing opening on the upper side of the microwave high-temperature cavity.

[0009] Furthermore, the additive deposition head maintains a constant position at the fixed port, and the movement of the formed substrate in the X, Y and Z directions is achieved based on a servo drive mechanism.

[0010] Furthermore, the forming component is a ceramic component, a carbon-based component and an aerogel-type microwave absorbing material; the additive deposition head is any one of a laser head, an arc welding gun, an electron gun, a plasma gun or a laser-arc composite deposition head.

[0011] Furthermore, a microwave leakage-proof flexible cover is provided at the lower side of the microwave leakage-proof outer cavity, and the microwave leakage-proof flexible cover is tightly connected to the high-temperature support rod.

[0012] Furthermore, a water-cooled protective heat-insulating ring is installed on the outer side of the additive deposition head.

[0013] The present invention also discloses an overall microwave-assisted additive manufacturing method based on the above device, comprising the following steps:

[0014] Step 1: Fix the microwave leakage-proof outer cavity and the microwave high-temperature cavity on the support frame, and fit the additive deposition head tightly with the fixing port to ensure the sealing of the equipment; the high-temperature support rod connected to the microwave coupling external heat source support platform enters the microwave high-temperature cavity through the lower microwave leakage-proof flexible cover;

[0015] Step 2: Fix one end of the high-temperature support rod on the servo drive mechanism; fix the formed substrate on the microwave-coupled external heat source support platform after polishing, cleaning and drying;

[0016] Step 3: Turn on the microwave generator through the central control element to preheat the environment of the coupled microwave external heat source support platform in the high-temperature cavity, and monitor the temperature in real time through the high-temperature thermocouple until it is heated to a temperature at which the material is easy to absorb microwaves;

[0017] Step 4: Set the microwave power and additive manufacturing process parameters, and adjust the high-energy beam to focus on the surface of the forming substrate; start the overall microwave-assisted additive manufacturing after the inside of the microwave high-temperature cavity reaches the set temperature; the absolute position of the additive deposition head remains unchanged, and the three-dimensional relative movement between the forming substrate and the additive deposition head is achieved through the servo drive mechanism to complete the forming preparation of components of different shapes.

[0018] Furthermore, the preheating temperature of the microwave-coupled external heat source support platform is 25-1500°C.

[0019] Furthermore, the deposition speed adjustment range is 0-40 mm / s, and the layer height range of a single layer is 0-5 mm.

[0020] Furthermore, the additive manufacturing method is any one of laser additive manufacturing, arc additive manufacturing, plasma arc additive manufacturing or laser-arc composite additive manufacturing; the raw material is any one of powder or wire; the powder or wire is any one of ceramic powder, carbon-based powder and aerogel powder type microwave absorbing material.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: the present invention can realize the autonomous absorption of microwaves by additive manufacturing components under the high-temperature forming state, convert microwave energy into thermal energy, realize the rapid heating of the material itself, and at the same time, under the synergistic effect of microwave coupling external heat source, realize the synchronous preheating and slow cooling of the material inside and outside, reduce the temperature gradient of the entire material system during the forming process, reduce the thermal stress during the forming process, and effectively inhibit the cracking of the material. By controlling the microwave power to regulate the heating temperature and rate, the on-demand preparation of the material microstructure is achieved; and the microwave plasma thermal effect and electric field enhancement effect during the microwave heating process can promote the densification of the formed components and significantly improve the overall performance of the material; by controlling the microwave power to regulate the heating temperature and rate in real time, the on-demand preparation of the material microstructure is achieved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an overall microwave-assisted additive manufacturing device. The additive deposition head is fixed, and the servo drive mechanism below can achieve movement in the X, Y and Z directions.

[0024] In the figure: 1. Microwave leakage-proof outer cavity; 2. Microwave high-temperature cavity; 3. Additive deposition head; 4. Water-cooled protective insulation ring; 5. Forming substrate; 6. High-temperature thermocouple; 7. Microwave coupled external heat source support platform; 8. High-temperature support rod; 9. Follow-up insulation protection plate; 10. Insulation layer; 11. Microwave leakage-proof flexible cover; 12. Servo drive mechanism; 13. Support frame; 14. Forming component; 15. Microwave magnetron heat dissipation fan; 16. Microwave generator; 17. Central control element. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0026] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is actually only illustrative and is by no means intended to limit the present invention and its application or use. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, it indicates the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0028] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement of the parts and steps described in these embodiments, the numerical expressions and numerical values ​​do not limit the scope of the present invention. At the same time, it should be clear that, for ease of description, the sizes of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn according to the actual proportional relationship. The technology, methods and equipment known to ordinary technicians in the relevant field may not be discussed in detail, but in appropriate cases, the technology, methods and equipment should be regarded as part of the authorization specification. In all examples shown and discussed here, any specific value should be interpreted as merely exemplary, rather than as a limitation. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that similar numbers and letters represent similar items in the following drawings, so once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further discussed in subsequent drawings.

[0029] In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the directions or positional relationships indicated by directional words such as "front, back, up, down, left, right", "lateral, vertical, perpendicular, horizontal" and "top, bottom" are usually based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description. Unless otherwise specified, these directional words do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction or be constructed and operated in a specific direction. Therefore, they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention: the directional words "inside and outside" refer to the inside and outside relative to the contours of each component itself.

[0030] For ease of description, spatially relative terms such as "above", "above", "on the upper surface of", "above", etc. may be used here to describe the spatial positional relationship between a device or feature and other devices or features as shown in the figure. It should be understood that spatially relative terms are intended to include different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation described in the figure. For example, if the device in the accompanying drawings is inverted, the device described as "above other devices or structures" or "above other devices or structures" will be positioned as "below other devices or structures" or "below their position devices or structures". Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below". The device can also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatially relative descriptions used here are interpreted accordingly.

[0031] In addition, it should be noted that the use of terms such as "first" and "second" to limit components is only for the convenience of distinguishing the corresponding components. If not otherwise stated, the above terms have no special meaning and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] like Figure 1As shown, the embodiment of the present invention discloses an integral microwave-assisted additive manufacturing device, comprising a microwave leakage-proof outer cavity 1, a microwave high-temperature cavity 2, a high-temperature thermocouple 6, a microwave-coupled external heat source support platform 7, a high-temperature support rod 8, a microwave leakage-proof flexible cover 11, a support frame 13, a microwave magnetically controlled heat dissipation fan 15, a microwave generator 16 and a central control element 17; the microwave leakage-proof outer cavity 1 is provided with a microwave high-temperature cavity 2 inside, the microwave leakage-proof outer cavity 1 and the microwave high-temperature cavity 2 are fixed on the support frame 13, the tops of the microwave leakage-proof outer cavity 1 and the microwave high-temperature cavity 2 are provided with an additive deposition head fixing port for installing an additive deposition head 3, and the bottoms are provided with a servo drive mechanism 12, the microwave high-temperature cavity 2 is provided with the high-temperature support rod 8, the microwave-coupled external heat source support platform 7 and the forming substrate 5, the bottoms of the high-temperature support rod 8 are provided with an insulating and heat-preserving layer 10, and the servo drive mechanism 12 and the microwave coupling are connected. The external heat source support platform 7 is connected by a high-temperature support rod 8, and the high-temperature support rod 8 passes through the insulation layer 10 and the follow-up insulation protection plate 9. The relative movement between the forming substrate 5 and the additive deposition head 3 is regulated by the servo drive mechanism 12 to complete the change of the forming path and realize the overall microwave-assisted additive manufacturing of complex components; a microwave generator 16 and a microwave magnetically controlled heat dissipation fan 15 are arranged between the microwave leakage-proof external cavity 1 and the microwave high-temperature cavity 2, and the microwave generator 16 is connected to the central control element 17. The central control element 17 is used to regulate the power of the microwave, and then regulate the heating temperature and rate of the material itself, and cooperate with the microwave-coupled external heat source to realize synchronous preheating and slow cooling of the material inside and outside; a high-temperature thermocouple 6 for monitoring the temperature of the forming substrate 5 and the temperature of the microwave-coupled external heat source support platform 7 is arranged inside the microwave high-temperature cavity 2, and the high-temperature thermocouple 6 is connected to the central control element 17.

[0033] The additive deposition head 3 is tightly fitted with the microwave leakage-proof outer cavity 1 and the deposition head fixing opening on the upper side of the microwave high-temperature cavity 2 to prevent microwave leakage.

[0034] The additive deposition head 3 keeps a constant position at the fixed port, and the servo drive mechanism 12 is used to realize the movement of the forming substrate 5 in the X, Y and Z directions.

[0035] The forming component 14 is a ceramic component, a carbon-based component and an aerogel-type microwave absorbing material; the additive deposition head 3 is any one of a laser head, an arc welding gun, an electron gun, a plasma gun or a laser-arc composite deposition head.

[0036] A microwave leakage-proof flexible cover 11 is provided at the lower side of the microwave leakage-proof outer cavity 1 , and the microwave leakage-proof flexible cover 11 is tightly connected to the high-temperature support rod 8 .

[0037] A water-cooling protective insulation ring 4 is installed on the outside of the additive deposition head 3, and the water-cooling protective insulation ring 4 is tightly fitted with the microwave leakage-proof outer cavity 1 and the fixing opening on the upper side of the microwave high-temperature cavity 2 to prevent microwave leakage.

[0038] The present invention also discloses an overall microwave-assisted additive manufacturing method based on the above device, comprising the following steps:

[0039] Step 1: Fix the microwave leakage-proof outer cavity 1 and the microwave high-temperature cavity 2 on the support frame 13, and fit the additive deposition head 3 tightly with the fixing port to ensure the sealing of the equipment; the high-temperature support rod 8 connected to the microwave coupling external heat source support platform 7 enters the microwave high-temperature cavity 2 through the lower microwave leakage-proof flexible cover 11;

[0040] Step 2: Fix one end of the high-temperature support rod 8 on the servo drive mechanism 12; fix the formed substrate 5 on the microwave-coupled external heat source support platform 7 after polishing, cleaning and drying;

[0041] Step 3: Turn on the microwave generator 16 through the central control element 17 to preheat the environment of the coupled microwave external heat source support platform in the high-temperature cavity, and monitor the temperature in real time through the high-temperature thermocouple 6 until the temperature is heated to a temperature at which the material is easy to absorb microwaves;

[0042] Step 4: Set the microwave power and additive manufacturing process parameters, and adjust the high-energy beam to focus on the surface of the forming substrate 5; start the overall microwave-assisted additive manufacturing after the inside of the microwave high-temperature cavity 2 reaches the set temperature; the absolute position of the additive deposition head 3 remains unchanged, and the three-dimensional relative movement between the forming substrate 5 and the additive deposition head 3 is achieved through the servo drive mechanism 12 to complete the forming preparation of components of different shapes.

[0043] The preheating temperature of the microwave-coupled external heat source supporting platform 7 is 25-1500°C.

[0044] The deposition speed adjustment range is 0-40mm / s, and the layer height range of single layer descent is 0-5mm.

[0045] The additive manufacturing method is any one of laser additive manufacturing, arc additive manufacturing, plasma arc additive manufacturing or laser-arc composite additive manufacturing; the raw material is any one of powder or wire; the powder or wire is any one of ceramic powder, carbon-based powder and aerogel powder type microwave absorbing material.

[0046] Example 1

[0047] In this embodiment, the overall microwave-assisted laser directed energy deposition of Al2O3 / AYG / ZrO2 ternary eutectic composite ceramic material is taken as an example. Figure 1 As shown, the overall microwave-assisted additive manufacturing device adopts the equipment invented in this article, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0048] The microwave leakage-proof outer cavity 1 and the microwave high-temperature cavity 2 are fixed on the support frame 13, and the water-cooled protective insulation ring 4 is installed on the additive deposition head 3 to ensure that the temperature of the additive deposition head 3 does not exceed 50°C during the forming process, and the additive deposition head 3 is tightly fitted with the deposition head fixing port to ensure the sealing of the equipment; the high-temperature support rod 8 passes through the follow-up insulation protection plate 9 and the insulation layer 10 at the bottom of the high-temperature cavity 2, connects to the microwave coupling external heat source support platform 7, and enters the microwave high-temperature cavity 2 through the lower microwave leakage-proof flexible cover 11;

[0049] One end of the high-temperature support rod 8 is fixed on the servo drive mechanism 12, and the other end is connected to the SiCp support platform 7; the formed Al2O3 substrate 5 is polished with 240-mesh silicon carbide sandpaper, cleaned with acetone and alcohol, and dried with a hair dryer, and then fixed on the SiCp support platform 7, and the distance is 10 mm directly below the additive deposition head 3.

[0050] Spherical Al2O3 powder with a diameter of 40μm-90μm, spherical Y2O3 powder with a diameter of 40μm-90μm, and spherical ZrO2 powder with a diameter of 40μm-90μm were dried in a drying oven at 120°C for 4h. After drying, they were mechanically mixed in a ratio of Al2O3:ZrO2:Y2O3=65mol%:19mol%:16mol%, and then the mixed powder was placed in a powder feeder.

[0051] Set the preheating temperature and heating rate of the SiCp support platform 7 in the microwave preheating high-temperature cavity 2. Adjust the microwave power of the central control element to 4kW and the preheating temperature to 500°C.

[0052] The additive manufacturing process parameters are adjusted to focus the laser beam on the surface of the forming substrate 5. The laser power is 230 W, the scanning speed is 150 mm / min, and the single-layer descending height of the servo drive mechanism 12 is 0.4 mm.

[0053] The microwave generator 16 is controlled by the central control element 17 to preheat the microwave high-temperature cavity 2, and the temperature is synchronously monitored by a high-temperature thermocouple. When the temperature reaches the preset material absorption temperature, the additive test begins.

[0054] The inert protector, water cooler, powder feeder and laser were turned on successively to carry out deposition test of Al2O3 / AYG / ZrO2 ternary eutectic composite ceramic thin-walled sample 14.

[0055] During the forming process, the position of the laser additive deposition head 3 remains unchanged, and the servo drive mechanism 11 drives the forming substrate 5 to move in the three directions of X, Y, and Z through the high-temperature support rod 8. After completing the single-layer deposition in the Y direction, the servo drive mechanism 11 descends 0.4 mm in the Z direction to prepare the deposition of the next layer of the sample.

[0056] After the preparation of the Al2O3 / YAG / ZrO2 ternary eutectic composite ceramic thin-walled sample is completed, the laser, powder feeder, inert gas and microwave components are turned off in turn, and finally the water cooler is turned off.

[0057] The use of the device for microwave high-temperature assisted forming can promote the densification of formed components, and the density of formed components is increased by about 3.5%, which significantly improves the overall performance of the material.

[0058] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An integrated microwave-assisted additive manufacturing device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a microwave leakage-proof outer cavity, a microwave high-temperature cavity, a high-temperature thermocouple, a microwave-coupled external heat source support platform, a high-temperature support rod, a microwave leakage-proof flexible cover, a support frame, a microwave magnetron heat dissipation fan, a microwave generator and a central control element; a microwave high-temperature cavity is arranged inside the microwave leakage-proof outer cavity, the microwave leakage-proof outer cavity and the microwave high-temperature cavity are fixed on the support frame, an additive deposition head fixing port for installing an additive deposition head is arranged on the top of the microwave leakage-proof outer cavity and the microwave high-temperature cavity, and a servo drive mechanism is arranged on the bottom; the high-temperature support rod, the microwave coupling external heat source support platform and the forming substrate are arranged inside the microwave high-temperature cavity, and a high-temperature thermocouple is arranged between the servo drive mechanism and the microwave coupling external heat source support platform The microwave high-temperature cavity is connected to the forming substrate and the additive deposition head, and the relative movement between the forming substrate and the additive deposition head is regulated by the servo drive mechanism to complete the change of the forming path and realize the overall microwave-assisted additive manufacturing of complex components; a microwave generator and a microwave magnetron heat dissipation fan are arranged between the microwave leakage-proof outer cavity and the microwave high-temperature cavity, and the microwave generator is connected to the central control element, and the central control element is used to regulate the power of the microwave, and then regulate the heating temperature and rate of the material itself, and cooperate with the microwave-coupled external heat source to realize the synchronous preheating and slow cooling of the material inside and outside; a high-temperature thermocouple for monitoring the temperature of the forming substrate and the temperature of the microwave-coupled external heat source support platform is arranged inside the microwave high-temperature cavity, and the high-temperature thermocouple is connected to the central control element.

2. The integrated microwave-assisted additive manufacturing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The additive deposition head is tightly fitted with the microwave leakage-proof outer cavity and the deposition head fixing opening on the upper side of the microwave high-temperature cavity.

3. The integrated microwave-assisted additive manufacturing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The additive deposition head maintains a constant position at the fixed port, and the movement of the formed substrate in the X, Y and Z directions is achieved based on a servo drive mechanism.

4. The integrated microwave-assisted additive manufacturing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The forming component is a ceramic component, a carbon-based component and an aerogel-type microwave absorbing material; the additive deposition head is any one of a laser head, an arc welding gun, an electron gun, a plasma gun or a laser-arc composite deposition head.

5. The integrated microwave-assisted additive manufacturing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A microwave leakage-proof flexible cover is arranged at the lower side of the microwave leakage-proof outer cavity, and the microwave leakage-proof flexible cover is tightly connected to the high-temperature support rod.

6. The integrated microwave-assisted additive manufacturing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A water-cooling protective heat-insulating ring is installed on the outside of the additive deposition head.

7. The overall microwave-assisted additive manufacturing method based on the device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: Fix the microwave leakage-proof outer cavity and the microwave high-temperature cavity on the support frame, and fit the additive deposition head tightly with the fixing port to ensure the sealing of the equipment; the high-temperature support rod connected to the microwave coupling external heat source support platform enters the microwave high-temperature cavity through the lower microwave leakage-proof flexible cover; Step 2: Fix one end of the high-temperature support rod on the servo drive mechanism; fix the formed substrate on the microwave-coupled external heat source support platform after polishing, cleaning and drying; Step 3: Turn on the microwave generator through the central control element to preheat the environment of the coupled microwave external heat source support platform in the high-temperature cavity, and monitor the temperature in real time through the high-temperature thermocouple until it is heated to a temperature at which the material is easy to absorb microwaves; Step 4: Set the microwave power and additive manufacturing process parameters, and adjust the high-energy beam to focus on the surface of the forming substrate; start the overall microwave-assisted additive manufacturing after the inside of the microwave high-temperature cavity reaches the set temperature; the absolute position of the additive deposition head remains unchanged, and the three-dimensional relative movement between the forming substrate and the additive deposition head is achieved through the servo drive mechanism to complete the forming preparation of components of different shapes.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that The preheating temperature of the microwave-coupled external heat source support platform is 25-1500°C.

9. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The deposition speed adjustment range is 0-40mm / s, and the layer height range of single layer descent is 0-5mm.

10. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that The additive manufacturing method is any one of laser additive manufacturing, arc additive manufacturing, plasma arc additive manufacturing or laser-arc composite additive manufacturing; the raw material is any one of powder or wire; the powder or wire is any one of ceramic powder, carbon-based powder and aerogel powder type microwave absorbing material.

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