Electric automobile energy regeneration shock absorber

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of energy regeneration shock absorbers, in particular to an electric automobile energy regeneration shock absorber which comprises a cylindrical linear permanent magnet generator of a composite transformer, and the cylindrical linear permanent magnet generator of the composite transformer is composed of a cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator and a cylindrical orthogonal decoupling magnetic integrated structure high-frequency transformer. The cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator and the cylindrical orthogonal decoupling magnetic integrated structure high-frequency transformer share a cylindrical iron core. The primary winding and the secondary winding of the high-frequency transformer adopt a wrapping structure to realize reliable decoupling integration. When the power density of the magnetic piece is improved, two orthogonal magnetic fluxes are formed, the excitation magnetic flux of the high-frequency transformer and the magnetic flux of the integrated inductor are subjected to magnetic circuit decoupling, and magnetic core loss increase caused by magnetic flux overlapping is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of energy regeneration shock absorbers, in particular to energy regeneration shock absorbers for electric vehicles. Background Art

[0002] The suspension system consists of springs and shock absorbers. The traditional way to achieve shock absorption is to convert vibration energy into heat energy through shock absorbers and dissipate it. The vehicle's suspension vibration energy is recyclable energy, and the amount of vibration energy dissipated by traditional automobile shock absorbers is considerable. At the same time, pure electric vehicles have a large-capacity battery system and do not require additional energy storage equipment. Therefore, electric vehicle energy regeneration shock absorbers have research and development value.

[0003] The research on renewable shock absorber energy capture devices and their control technologies for pure electric vehicles at home and abroad is still in its infancy. Therefore, technological advances in recovering suspension vibration energy can increase the range of pure electric vehicles, improve the atmospheric environment, and save fossil energy.

[0004] The traditional permanent magnet linear generator used for regenerative shock absorbers has a low output voltage and insufficient power generation efficiency due to the lightweight of the vehicle, making it difficult to achieve the best damping and energy feedback effects.

[0005] In addition, the voltage level of the battery of a pure electric vehicle is generally 320V or higher, and the linear motors currently used for energy regeneration shock absorbers are mainly designed for 12V battery energy storage devices, so they cannot be simply connected.

[0006] How to combine the characteristics of the vibration source and the load (high-voltage energy storage battery) to design a cylindrical linear motor for shock absorbers with a new topology structure with higher power density and higher voltage level is the key to promoting the development of energy-feeding suspension and improving the competitiveness of pure electric vehicles.

[0007] Based on this, the present invention designs a new electric vehicle energy regeneration shock absorber to better solve the problems existing in the prior art. Summary of the invention

[0008] The present invention is to solve one of the above-mentioned technical problems, and the technical solution adopted is: the electric vehicle energy regeneration shock absorber includes a cylindrical linear permanent magnet generator of a composite transformer, and the cylindrical linear permanent magnet generator of the composite transformer is composed of a cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator and a cylindrical orthogonal decoupling magnetic integrated structure high-frequency transformer, and the iron cores of the cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator and the cylindrical orthogonal decoupling magnetic integrated structure high-frequency transformer are coaxially arranged.

[0009] In any of the above schemes, it is preferred that the cylindrical orthogonal decoupling magnetic integrated structure high frequency transformer is configured with power electronic devices to form a power electronic transformer. The cylindrical orthogonal decoupling magnetic integrated structure high frequency transformer and the cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator share the same cylindrical iron core, and the winding coils of the two are placed perpendicular to each other.

[0010] In any of the above schemes, preferably, the cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator comprises a generator rotor core, a plurality of permanent magnets are sleeved and installed at intervals along the axial direction on the outer side wall of the generator rotor core, a cylindrical core is coaxially installed outside the permanent magnet outside the middle part of the generator rotor core, annular armature windings are respectively installed in each annular stator slot distributed along the axial direction of the cylindrical core, and the cylindrical core between adjacent annular stator slots forms stator teeth, which are used as magnetic modulation teeth; In any of the above schemes, it is preferred that the generator winding of the cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator is an annular armature winding placed in an annular stator slot.

[0011] In any of the above schemes, it is preferred that the winding coils of the cylindrical orthogonal decoupled magnetic integrated structure high-frequency transformer and the cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator are placed perpendicular to each other; this structural design is mainly to reduce the electromagnetic coupling between the two and place the winding coils of the two vertically.

[0012] In any of the above schemes, it is preferred that the power electronic transformer consists of two parts: a three-phase fully controlled rectifier and a dual-active DC / DC converter based on a cylindrical orthogonal decoupled magnetic integrated structure high-frequency transformer.

[0013] In any of the above schemes, it is preferred that the dual-active DC / DC converter is composed of three parts connected in series: a single-phase full-bridge inverter, a boost-type cylindrical orthogonal decoupled magnetic integrated structure high-frequency transformer, and a single-phase full-bridge rectifier.

[0014] In any of the above schemes, it is preferred that the primary winding and the secondary winding of the cylindrical orthogonal decoupled magnetic integrated structure high-frequency transformer are wound in parallel along the axial direction of the cylindrical magnetic core to ensure strong coupling between the primary and secondary windings.

[0015] That is: a cylindrical orthogonal decoupled magnetic integrated structure high-frequency transformer (a step-up transformer, the winding structures on the left and right sides are symmetrical and rectangular; the primary winding (i.e., low-voltage winding) and the secondary winding (i.e., high-voltage winding) are wound in parallel; the primary winding is wound axially on the cylindrical core, and the secondary winding is wound in parallel on the outside of the primary winding, the primary winding is wound on the inner layer, and the secondary winding is wound on the outer layer.

[0016] In any of the above solutions, preferably, the winding shape is rectangular.

[0017] High-frequency transformers and inductors are the decisive factors for the power density of power electronic transformer systems. As high-power high-frequency transformers are gradually applied to practical projects, people have high requirements for the compactness of their structures. In addition to transformers, many applications also require other magnetic components. Taking the dual-active converter as an example, when the leakage inductance of the transformer prototype itself cannot meet the system requirements, an additional series inductor is required, and its volume and weight cannot be ignored. Therefore, a magnetic integrated structure that integrates the high-frequency transformer and the inductor on the same magnetic core structure is also urgently needed. This type of magnetic integrated structure can reduce the volume of passive components and increase the overall power density.

[0018] The cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator achieves perfect coupling in mechanical and magnetic circuits. It generates a high-speed spatial harmonic magnetic field in the air gap through the magnetic field modulation principle, and interacts with the stator armature to generate a high-amplitude output voltage.

[0019] The test results show that: assuming that the volume, stator-rotor coupling length, air gap length, winding current density, and rotor running speed of the two motors are the same, the power density of the cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator is much higher than that of the linear permanent magnet synchronous generator. The single rotor and single-layer air gap design of the cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator makes the manufacturing process simple, and the manufacturing cost is comparable to that of the traditional permanent magnet motor, which is conducive to its application and promotion in engineering practice.

[0020] In any of the above schemes, it is preferred that the primary winding, the secondary winding and the inductor winding of the cylindrical orthogonal decoupled magnetic integrated structure high-frequency transformer are wound on the same magnetic core structure and magnetic integration is achieved.

[0021] The leakage inductance and the ideal high-frequency transformer are regarded as a whole, and the requirements for the leakage inductance before and after integration are not changed, thereby avoiding the adverse effect of excessive leakage inductance on the voltage transformation ratio of the primary winding and the secondary winding.

[0022] In any of the above schemes, it is preferred that the cylindrical orthogonal decoupled magnetic integrated structure high-frequency transformer adopts a cylindrical magnetic core and the primary winding and secondary winding of the transformer adopt a winding structure.

[0023] In any of the above schemes, it is preferred that the primary winding, secondary winding and inductor winding of the cylindrical orthogonal decoupled magnetic integrated structure high-frequency transformer are all wound along the central axis, the top-view cross-sectional shape of each winding is approximately rectangular, and the primary winding, secondary winding and inductor winding are orthogonally arranged on the cylindrical magnetic core.

[0024] In any of the above schemes, it is preferred that the power electronic transformer is based on a cylindrical orthogonal decoupled magnetic integrated structure high frequency transformer, supplemented by power electronic devices, and consists of two parts: a three-phase fully controlled rectifier and a dual-active DC / DC converter based on a cylindrical orthogonal decoupled magnetic integrated structure high frequency transformer. Among them, the dual-active DC / DC converter consists of three parts connected in series: a single-phase full-bridge inverter, a cylindrical orthogonal decoupled magnetic integrated structure high frequency transformer, and a single-phase full-bridge rectifier.

[0025] The armature winding of the cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator outputs three-phase AC power, which is transformed into electric energy through a power electronic transformer, and the output DC power voltage level that meets the requirements of the battery of pure electric vehicles is generally 320V or higher. The three-phase fully controlled rectifier, single-phase full-bridge inverter, cylindrical orthogonal decoupled magnetic integrated structure high-frequency transformer, and single-phase full-bridge rectifier are connected in series step by step.

[0026] The core structure of the cylindrical orthogonal decoupled magnetic integrated structure high frequency transformer in the present invention is not the traditional "mouth" type or "sun" type, but a cylindrical type.

[0027] In any of the above schemes, it is preferred that the cylindrical magnetic field modulated linear permanent magnet generator consists of two parts: a primary stator and a secondary mover. The mover is installed in the cylindrical stator, an air gap is left between the mover poles and the stator teeth, and the mover reciprocates along the stator axis.

[0028] In any of the above solutions, preferably, within the effective length of the cylindrical core, the number of stator teeth N of the magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet motor is S 、Armature winding pole pair number p w and the number of permanent magnet pole pairs p m satisfy .

[0029] While increasing the power density of magnetic parts, two orthogonal magnetic fluxes are formed, and the high-frequency transformer excitation flux and the integrated inductor flux are magnetically decoupled, avoiding the increase of core loss due to the overlap of magnetic flux. At the same time, because the primary winding, secondary winding and inductor winding of the high-frequency transformer are orthogonally arranged on the cylindrical core, the utilization rate of the core is uniform, eliminating the waste of materials.

[0030] The present invention adopts a short primary and long secondary structure, the armature winding is the stator, and the permanent magnet is the mover.

[0031] In any of the above schemes, preferably, the stator of the cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator is composed of a cylindrical iron core and an armature winding, and the inner surface of the cylindrical iron core is slotted to form a structure in which teeth and slots are alternately arranged, and the number of stator teeth is N s The stator teeth also serve as magnetic poles to modulate the air gap magnetic field.

[0032] The three-phase symmetrical armature winding is placed in the annular stator slot and the winding is annular. The plane where the winding is located is perpendicular to the stator axis. The armature winding is arranged according to p w Pole winding.

[0033] It should be noted that the moving part in the cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator is called a mover, and the mover is composed of a cylindrical mover core and a plurality of permanent magnet poles.

[0034] In any of the above schemes, preferably, the mover core is a good conductive magnet covered on a straight axis and installed on the straight axis. The annular permanent magnet poles are installed on the outer periphery of the mover core, and the N poles and S poles are arranged alternately. Within the effective axial length relative to the cylindrical core, the number of permanent magnet pole pairs is p m .

[0035] Among any of the above schemes, the preferred one is the cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator: based on the magnetic field modulation principle, the low-speed magnetic field of the mover is modulated into a high-speed air gap magnetic field through the action of the modulation pole, thereby achieving the effect of "speeding up".

[0036] The stator winding of the cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator adopts a high-speed magnetic field design, which helps to solve the problem of a large number of pole slots in high-power low-speed direct-drive motors and can improve the power density of the motor.

[0037] Since the direct drive speed of the suspension is very low, the low-speed direct drive regenerative energy feeding system using a permanent magnet synchronous motor has the disadvantages of low power density and large size.

[0038] Using a cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator based on the magnetic field modulation principle in a direct-drive regenerative energy feeding system can not only eliminate the intermediate transmission mechanism and maintain the high efficiency advantage of the direct-drive power generation system, but also solve the problems of large size and low power density in energy conversion of traditional linear permanent magnet synchronous generators.

[0039] The magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator achieves perfect coupling in mechanical and magnetic circuits, and generates a high-speed spatial harmonic magnetic field in the air gap through the principle of magnetic field modulation, which interacts with the stator armature to generate a high-amplitude output voltage.

[0040] The experimental results show that: assuming that the volume, stator-rotor coupling length, air gap length, winding current density and rotor running speed of the two motors are the same, the power density of the magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator is much higher than that of the linear permanent magnet synchronous generator.

[0041] The single-moving element and single-layer air gap design of the magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator makes the manufacturing process simple and the manufacturing cost is comparable to that of the linear permanent magnet synchronous generator, which is conducive to its application and promotion in engineering practice.

[0042] In any of the above schemes, it is preferred that the running speed of the rotor of the linear permanent magnet synchronous generator is equal to the synchronous speed of the traveling wave magnetic field.

[0043] In any of the above schemes, preferably, the air gap magnetic flux density expression of the cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator is: ; In the formula, are the DC component and fundamental wave component of air gap permeability; is the fundamental component of the air gap magnetomotive force; It is the high-order harmonic component of the air gap magnetic density and can be ignored due to its small amplitude.

[0044] In any of the above schemes, preferably, the rotor running speed of the cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator is , the effective high-speed harmonic magnetic field speed is , the motor transmission ratio can be defined as: .

[0045] For a cylindrical magnetic field modulated linear permanent magnet generator, the effective high-speed harmonic magnetic field speed is the rotor speed. The number of stator winding pole pairs of a permanent magnet synchronous generator is equal to the number of permanent magnet pole pairs, while the number of stator winding pole pairs of a cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator = the number of effective armature teeth - the number of effective pole pairs of permanent magnets.

[0046] The effective component used to transmit power in the air gap flux density of the magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator is expressed as: .

[0047] The flux density expression derived from the theory shows that the effective component used to transfer power in the air gap includes not only the fundamental flux density with the same number of pole pairs as the rotor permanent magnet, but also the faster effective harmonic flux density. Although the amplitude of the effective harmonic flux density in the air gap is smaller than that of the fundamental flux density, its movement speed is twice that of the fundamental flux density. Such a high-speed flux change induces an electromotive force of higher amplitude in the armature winding.

[0048] The armature winding of the cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator is not designed with reference to the pole pair number of the air gap fundamental magnetic field, but is wound according to the pole pair number of the high-speed harmonic magnetic field. Since the fundamental magnetic flux density pole pair number of the cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator is the number of effective harmonic magnetic flux density pole pairs, times, so the electromotive force induced in the stator winding by the two has the same electrical angular frequency.

[0049] It is the effect of the effective harmonic components in the air gap magnetic flux of the cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator that makes the phase induced electromotive force expression of the cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator higher than that of the linear permanent magnet synchronous generator. This is also the essential reason why the power density of the cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator is higher than that of the linear permanent magnet synchronous generator.

[0050] In any of the above schemes, it is preferred that the stator winding of the cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator adopts a high-speed magnetic field structure and is wound according to the effective high-speed harmonic magnetic field pole pair number.

[0051] It helps to solve the problem of large number of pole slots in high-power low-speed direct-drive motors and can improve the power density of the motors.

[0052] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. Aiming at the randomness of automobile suspension vibration and the particularity of high voltage of pure electric vehicle battery, the present invention proposes a power electronic transformer with high voltage conversion ratio and high efficiency based on high-frequency transformer. At the same time, in order to reduce the weight and volume of the whole device, the high-frequency transformer and the generator are integrated into a design, which has both the functions of transformer and generator.

[0053] 2. The primary winding and the secondary winding of the high-frequency transformer in the present invention adopt a wrapping structure, and the wrapping structure and the primary winding and the secondary winding are orthogonal to the inductor winding wound on the magnetic core, forming an independent inductor, and realizing reliable decoupling integration. While improving the power density of the magnetic component, two orthogonal magnetic fluxes are formed, and the excitation magnetic flux of the high-frequency transformer and the integrated inductor magnetic flux are magnetically decoupled, avoiding the increase of magnetic core loss due to the overlap of magnetic flux.

[0054] 3. At the same time, since the primary winding, secondary winding and inductor winding of the high-frequency transformer are orthogonally arranged on the cylindrical magnetic core, the utilization rate of the magnetic core is uniform, eliminating the waste of materials.

[0055] 4. The cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator is based on the magnetic field modulation principle. The low-speed magnetic field of the rotor is modulated into a high-speed air gap magnetic field through the action of the modulation pole, thereby achieving the effect of "increasing speed". The stator winding of the magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator adopts a high-speed magnetic field design, which helps to solve the problem of a large number of pole slots in high-power low-speed direct-drive motors and can improve the power density of the motor. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0056] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for the specific embodiments or the description of the prior art. In all the drawings, similar elements or components are generally identified by similar reference numerals. In the drawings, the elements or components are not necessarily drawn according to the actual scale.

[0057] Figure 1 It is a circuit schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0058] Figure 2 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator of the present invention.

[0059] Figure 3 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator of the present invention in a partial cross-sectional state.

[0060] Figure 4 It is a schematic internal cross-sectional view of the cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator of the present invention.

[0061] Figure 5 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of a cylindrical iron core of the cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator of the present invention.

[0062] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the top view of the structural layout of the cylindrical orthogonal decoupled magnetic integrated structure high-frequency transformer of the present invention.

[0063] In the figure, A, cylindrical linear permanent magnet generator of composite transformer; G1, cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator; T1, cylindrical orthogonal decoupled magnetic integrated structure high frequency transformer; 101, generator rotor core; 102, permanent magnet; 103, cylindrical core; 104, annular stator slot; 105, armature winding; 106, stator teeth; 2, power electronic transformer 2; 201, three-phase fully controlled rectifier; 202, dual active DC / DC converter; 203, primary winding; 204, secondary winding; 205, inductor winding. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0064] The following is a detailed description of the embodiments of the technical solution of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and are therefore only used as examples, and cannot be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Figure 1-Figure 6 as shown in .

[0065] For the linear motor energy-feeding shock absorber used in pure electric vehicles, a cylindrical permanent magnet linear generator with a composite transformer is designed as an energy conversion element, which can not only enhance the electromagnetic damping of the electromagnetic suspension and improve the aerodynamic performance, but also achieve efficient capture and recovery of the suspension vibration energy. The combination of the transformer and the permanent magnet linear generator can reduce the size and weight of the device while improving the utilization rate of the motor material. The kinetic energy of the reciprocating oscillation of the automobile suspension drives the cylindrical permanent magnet linear motor to generate electricity and charge the battery.

[0066] In the initial research literature on generator energy processing for automobile suspension, the electrical energy output by the generator was not effectively utilized, but was converted into heat energy and dissipated through resistance. It could only be used to evaluate the power generation characteristics of the shock absorber motor, but could not achieve the storage of vibration energy and linear control of damping force. Only by adding energy recovery devices such as batteries or capacitors can energy recovery be truly achieved.

[0067] Power electronics technology is an effective way to solve the unpredictable renewable energy. Although the introduction of power electronics technology has partially solved the problem of small induced electromotive force, the voltage conversion ratio of the traditional DC-DC power converter relying on boost inductor is inversely proportional to the efficiency. When the voltage conversion ratio exceeds 5, the efficiency may be less than 20%. At the same time, the traditional boost and buck chopper circuit introduces inductor components of a certain weight and volume.

[0068] Traditional power conversion methods are difficult to meet the randomness of suspension vibration and the particularity of high voltage of pure electric vehicle batteries. A high voltage conversion ratio and high efficiency power converter is needed to meet its energy feedback needs.

[0069] In theory, energy recovery is achieved by adding an energy storage system to the electric energy output by the generator for automobile suspension. However, in actual practice, the energy capture efficiency is low, the structure is complex, and it is necessary to combine inductors and capacitors with large impedance values. Research on energy processing for automobile suspension generators has not achieved efficient charging and energy feeding. Although the emergence of solid-state transformers has solved the contradiction between efficiency and voltage conversion ratio, the introduction of solid-state transformers has increased the volume of permanent magnet motor regenerative shock absorbers and made the motor heavier. If the solid-state transformer can share some magnetic components with the permanent magnet linear generator, it will surely adapt to the limited space of the automobile suspension and improve the power density of the system.

[0070] In order to recover the huge energy generated by the automobile suspension system more comprehensively and efficiently, based on the analysis of the uncertainty of automobile vibration, that is, the output voltage of the generator changes continuously over time and must pass through a voltage conversion device to supply power to the battery of a pure electric vehicle, a power electronic voltage conversion device with an external high-frequency transformer of the generator is proposed. However, considering the weight and volume of the device, a cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator with a composite high-frequency transformer is proposed, so that the stator core of the generator is also used as the transformer core. The device has both the functions of a generator and a transformer, which improves the material utilization rate and efficiently feeds energy to the automobile battery.

[0071] Embodiment 1: An electric vehicle energy regeneration shock absorber comprises a cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator G1 and a power electronic transformer 2; The cylindrical orthogonal decoupled magnetic integrated structure high frequency transformer T1 and the cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator G1 share the same cylindrical iron core 103. To reduce the electromagnetic coupling between the two, the winding coils of the two are placed vertically.

[0072] The generator winding of the cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator G1 is a ring-shaped pancake winding placed in the motor slot; The power electronic transformer 2 consists of two parts: a three-phase fully controlled rectifier 201 and a dual active DC / DC converter 202 based on a high frequency transformer cylindrical orthogonal decoupled magnetic integrated structure high frequency transformer T1.

[0073] Among any of the above schemes, the preferred one is the cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator G1: based on the magnetic field modulation principle, the low-speed magnetic field of the mover is modulated into a high-speed air gap magnetic field through the action of the modulation pole, thereby achieving the effect of "speeding up".

[0074] The stator winding of the cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator G1 adopts a high-speed magnetic field design, which helps to solve the problem of a large number of pole slots in high-power, low-speed direct-drive motors and can improve the power density of the motor.

[0075] Since the direct drive speed of the suspension is very low, the low-speed direct drive regenerative energy feeding system using a permanent magnet synchronous motor has the disadvantages of low power density and large size.

[0076] The use of the cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator G1 based on the magnetic field modulation principle in the direct-drive regenerative energy feeding system can not only eliminate the intermediate transmission mechanism and maintain the high efficiency advantage of the direct-drive power generation system, but also solve the problems of large volume and low power density in the energy conversion of traditional linear permanent magnet synchronous generators.

[0077] The cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator G1 achieves perfect coupling in mechanical and magnetic circuits. It generates a high-speed spatial harmonic magnetic field in the air gap through the magnetic field modulation principle, and interacts with the stator armature to generate a high-amplitude output voltage.

[0078] The test results show that: Assuming that the volume, stator-rotor coupling length, air gap length, winding current density, and rotor running speed of the two motors are the same, the power density of the cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator G1 is much higher than that of the linear permanent magnet synchronous generator.

[0079] The single-moving element and single-layer air gap design of the cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator G1 simplifies the manufacturing process and the manufacturing cost is comparable to that of the linear permanent magnet synchronous generator, which is conducive to its application and promotion in engineering practice.

[0080] In any of the above schemes, it is preferred that the dual-active DC / DC converter 202 is composed of three parts: a single-phase full-bridge inverter, a cylindrical orthogonal decoupled magnetic integrated structure high-frequency transformer T1, and a single-phase full-bridge rectifier.

[0081] In any of the above solutions, it is preferred that the primary winding 203 and the secondary winding 204 of the high-frequency transformer are wound in parallel along the axial direction to ensure strong coupling between the primary and secondary windings, and the shape of the windings is approximately rectangular.

[0082] That is: the cylindrical orthogonal decoupled magnetic integrated structure high-frequency transformer T1 is a step-up transformer, and its left and right winding structures are symmetrical and rectangular; the primary winding 203 and the secondary winding 204 are wound in parallel; the primary winding is wound axially on the cylindrical iron core 103, and the secondary winding 204 is wound in parallel on the outside of the primary winding 203, the primary winding 203 is wound on the inner layer, and the secondary winding 204 is wound on the outer layer.

[0083] In any of the above solutions, preferably, the winding shape is rectangular.

[0084] High-frequency transformers and inductors are the decisive factors for the power density of power electronic transformer systems. As high-power high-frequency transformers are gradually applied to practical projects, people have high requirements for the compactness of their structures. In addition to transformers, many applications also require other magnetic components. Taking the dual-active converter as an example, when the leakage inductance of the transformer prototype itself cannot meet the system requirements, an additional series inductor is required, and its volume and weight cannot be ignored. Therefore, a magnetic integrated structure that integrates the high-frequency transformer and the inductor on the same magnetic core structure is also urgently needed. This type of magnetic integrated structure can reduce the volume of passive components and increase the overall power density.

[0085] The cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator G1 achieves perfect coupling in mechanical and magnetic circuits. It generates a high-speed spatial harmonic magnetic field in the air gap through the magnetic field modulation principle, and interacts with the stator armature to generate a high-amplitude output voltage.

[0086] The test results show that: assuming that the volume, stator-rotor coupling length, air gap length, winding current density, and rotor running speed of the two motors are the same, the power density of the cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator G1 is much higher than that of the linear permanent magnet synchronous generator. The single rotor and single-layer air gap design of the cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator G1 makes the manufacturing process simple, and the manufacturing cost is comparable to that of traditional permanent magnet motors, which is conducive to application and promotion in engineering practice.

[0087] Embodiment 2: Compared with Embodiment 1, this embodiment is different in that it also includes the following technical features: In any of the above solutions, preferably, the primary winding 203, the secondary winding 204 and the inductor winding 205 of the high-frequency transformer with an orthogonal decoupled magnetic integration structure are wound on the same magnetic core structure to achieve magnetic integration.

[0088] The leakage inductance and the ideal high-frequency transformer are considered as a whole, and the requirements for the leakage inductance before and after integration are not changed, thereby avoiding the adverse effect of excessive leakage inductance on the voltage transformation ratio of the primary winding 203 and the secondary winding 204.

[0089] The high-frequency transformer of the orthogonal decoupled magnetic integrated structure adopts a cylindrical magnetic core and the transformer primary winding 203 and the secondary winding 204 adopt a wrapping structure. The inductor winding 205 wound on the magnetic core in an orthogonal structure with the primary winding 203 and the secondary winding 204 forms an independent inductor to achieve reliable decoupling integration.

[0090] While increasing the power density of the magnetic component, two orthogonal magnetic fluxes are formed, and the high-frequency transformer excitation magnetic flux and the integrated inductor magnetic flux are magnetically decoupled, thereby avoiding the increase in magnetic core loss due to magnetic flux overlap. At the same time, since the primary winding 203, the secondary winding 204 and the inductor winding 205 of the high-frequency transformer are orthogonally arranged on the cylindrical magnetic core, the utilization rate of the magnetic core is uniform, eliminating material waste.

[0091] The present invention adopts a short primary and long secondary structure, the armature winding 105 is the stator, and the permanent magnet 102 is the mover.

[0092] In any of the above schemes, it is preferred that the number of effective teeth of the armature is 13. Number of effective pole pairs of permanent magnet , armature winding pole pairs , the three conditions are satisfied: .

[0093] The rotor speed of the cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator is , the effective high-speed harmonic magnetic field speed is , the motor transmission ratio can be defined as: .

[0094] For a cylindrical magnetic field modulated linear permanent magnet generator, the effective high-speed harmonic magnetic field speed is the rotor speed. The number of stator winding pole pairs of a linear permanent magnet synchronous generator is equal to the number of permanent magnet pole pairs, while the number of stator winding pole pairs of a cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator = the number of effective armature teeth - the number of effective pole pairs of permanent magnets.

[0095] In any of the above schemes, preferably, the air gap magnetic flux density expression of the cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator G1 is: ; In the formula, are the DC component and fundamental wave component of air gap permeability; is the fundamental component of the air gap magnetomotive force; It is the high-order harmonic component of the air gap magnetic density and can be ignored due to its small amplitude.

[0096] The effective component used to transmit power in the air gap flux density of the cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator G1 is expressed as: .

[0097] The flux density expression derived from the theory shows that the effective component used to transfer power in the air gap includes not only the fundamental flux density with the same number of pole pairs as the rotor permanent magnet, but also the faster effective harmonic flux density. Although the amplitude of the effective harmonic flux density in the air gap is smaller than that of the fundamental flux density, its movement speed is twice that of the fundamental flux density. Such a high-speed flux change induces an electromotive force with a higher amplitude in the armature winding 105.

[0098] The armature winding 105 of the cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator G1 is not designed with reference to the pole pair number of the air gap fundamental magnetic field, but is wound according to the pole pair number of the high-speed harmonic magnetic field. Since the fundamental magnetic flux density pole pair number of the cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator G1 is the number of the effective harmonic magnetic flux density pole pair number, times, so the electromotive force induced in the stator winding by the two has the same electrical angular frequency.

[0099] It is the effect of the effective harmonic components in the air gap magnetic flux of the cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator G1 that makes the phase induced electromotive force expression of the cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator G1 higher than that of the linear permanent magnet synchronous generator. This is also the essential reason why the power density of the cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator G1 is higher than that of the linear permanent magnet synchronous generator.

[0100] In any of the above schemes, it is preferred that the stator winding of the cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator G1 adopts a high-speed magnetic field structure.

[0101] It helps to solve the problem of large number of pole slots in high-power low-speed direct-drive motors and can improve the power density of the motors.

[0102] Working principle: First, the vehicle suspension will drive the secondary rotor of the cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator G1 to do reciprocating linear motion after passing through the uneven road surface. The rotor speed of the cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator G1 is v l , the effective high-speed harmonic magnetic field speed is v h , the effective high-speed harmonic magnetic field speed is the rotor speed The high-speed magnetic flux change induces an electromotive force with a higher amplitude in the armature winding 105.

[0103] The armature winding 105 of the motor outputs a low-frequency AC voltage, which, after passing through the three-phase fully-controlled rectifier 201, outputs a DC voltage with a lower voltage level. Then, under the action of the single-phase full-bridge inverter, the DC voltage is inverted into an AC voltage that is approximately a square wave, and the frequency is also increased from low frequency to high frequency, and input to the primary winding 203 of the step-up cylindrical orthogonal decoupling magnetic integrated structure high-frequency transformer T1. After being transformed by the cylindrical orthogonal decoupling magnetic integrated structure high-frequency transformer T1, the output voltage level of the secondary winding 204 is improved. Finally, under the action of the single-phase full-bridge rectifier, a DC voltage that meets the voltage level of the automobile battery is output.

[0104] The operating frequency of high-frequency transformers is generally above 10kHz, and the operating frequency of linear generators is between ten and several tens of Hz. It is necessary to select core materials with small high-frequency losses and good magnetic conductivity, such as soft magnetic composite materials, amorphous alloy materials, nanocrystalline materials, etc.

[0105] The winding of the cylindrical orthogonal decoupled magnetic integrated structure high-frequency transformer T1 includes a primary winding 203, a secondary winding 204, and an inductor winding 205. The primary winding 203, the secondary winding 204, the inductor winding 205 and the armature winding 105 of the cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator G1 are all arranged on the cylindrical iron core 103. In order to avoid mutual interference between magnetic fields, the magnetic circuit is orthogonal, that is, the armature winding 105 of the generator is placed vertically to the transformer winding coil, and the primary winding 203, the secondary winding 204 and the inductor winding 205 of the transformer are placed vertically to reduce the magnetic field and magnetic circuit interference.

[0106] The design of the present invention improves the electromagnetic damping of the suspension's dynamic performance system and simultaneously achieves efficient capture and recovery of the suspension's vibration energy.

[0107] From the above, it can be seen that: the present invention proposes a high-voltage conversion ratio and high-efficiency power electronic transformer based on a high-frequency transformer in view of the randomness of automobile suspension vibration and the particularity of the high voltage of the battery of a pure electric vehicle. At the same time, in order to reduce the weight and volume of the entire device, the high-frequency transformer and the generator are integrated and designed to have both the functions of a transformer and a generator; the primary winding 203 and the secondary winding 204 of the cylindrical orthogonal decoupling magnetic integrated structure high-frequency transformer T1 adopt a wrapping structure, and the wrapping structure and the primary winding 203 and the secondary winding 204 present an orthogonal structure. The inductor winding 205 wound on the magnetic core forms an independent inductor to achieve reliable decoupling integration. While improving the power density of the magnetic component, two orthogonal magnetic fluxes are formed, and the excitation magnetic flux of the high-frequency transformer and the integrated inductor magnetic flux are magnetically decoupled, thereby avoiding the increase of magnetic core loss due to the overlap of magnetic fluxes.

[0108] Since the primary winding 203, secondary winding 204 and inductor winding 205 of the cylindrical orthogonal decoupled magnetic integrated structure high-frequency transformer T1 are orthogonally arranged on the cylindrical magnetic core, the utilization rate of the magnetic core is uniform and material waste is eliminated; Cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator G1: Based on the principle of magnetic field modulation, the low-speed magnetic field of the mover is modulated into a high-speed air gap magnetic field through the action of the modulation pole to achieve the effect of "increasing speed"; The stator winding of the cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator G1 adopts a high-speed magnetic field design, which helps to solve the problem of a large number of pole slots in high-power low-speed direct-drive motors and can improve the power density of the motor.

[0109] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the above embodiments can still be modified, or some or all of the technical features can be replaced by equivalents. These modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, any replacement improvements or changes made to the implementation methods of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0110] The matters not described in detail in the present invention are all known technologies to those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. An electric vehicle energy regeneration shock absorber, characterized in that: A cylindrical linear permanent magnet generator (A) comprising a composite transformer, wherein the cylindrical linear permanent magnet generator (A) comprises a cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator (G1) and a cylindrical orthogonal decoupling magnetic integrated structure high frequency transformer (T1), wherein the cores of the cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator (G1) and the cylindrical orthogonal decoupling magnetic integrated structure high frequency transformer (T1) are coaxially arranged; A cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator (G1) comprises a generator rotor core (101), a plurality of permanent magnets (102) are sleeved and installed at intervals along the axial direction on the outer wall of the generator rotor core (101), a cylindrical core (103) is coaxially installed outside the permanent magnets (102) outside the middle of the generator rotor core (101), annular armature windings (105) are respectively installed in the annular stator slots (104) distributed along the axial direction of the cylindrical core (103), and stator teeth (106) are formed at the cylindrical core (103) between adjacent annular stator slots (104).

2. The electric vehicle energy regeneration shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that: A cylindrical orthogonal decoupled magnetic integrated structure high frequency transformer (T1) and a cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator (G1) share the same cylindrical iron core (103), and the winding coils of the two are placed perpendicular to each other; The generator winding of the cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator (G1) is an annular armature winding (105) placed in an annular stator slot (104).

3. The electric vehicle energy regeneration shock absorber according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cylindrical orthogonal decoupled magnetic integrated structure high frequency transformer (T1) is configured with power electronic devices to form a power electronic transformer (2); the power electronic transformer (2) is composed of two parts: a three-phase fully controlled rectifier (201) and a dual active DC / DC converter (202) based on the cylindrical orthogonal decoupled magnetic integrated structure high frequency transformer (T1).

4. The electric vehicle energy regeneration shock absorber according to claim 3, characterized in that: in, The dual-active DC / DC converter (202) is composed of three parts connected in series: a single-phase full-bridge inverter, a cylindrical orthogonal decoupled magnetic integrated structure high-frequency transformer (T1), and a single-phase full-bridge rectifier.

5. The electric vehicle energy regeneration shock absorber according to claim 4, characterized in that: The cylindrical orthogonal decoupling magnetic integrated structure high-frequency transformer (T1) is a step-up transformer and its left and right winding structures are symmetrically arranged; the primary winding (203) and the secondary winding (204) of the cylindrical orthogonal decoupling magnetic integrated structure high-frequency transformer (T1) are wound in parallel; the primary winding (203) is wound on the cylindrical iron core (103) along the axial direction, and the secondary winding (204) is wound in parallel on the outside of the primary winding (203).

6. The electric vehicle energy regeneration shock absorber according to claim 5, characterized in that: The primary winding (203), the secondary winding (204) and the inductor winding (205) of a cylindrical orthogonal decoupled magnetic integrated structure high frequency transformer (T1) are wound on the same magnetic core structure and magnetic integration is achieved.

7. The electric vehicle energy regeneration shock absorber according to claim 6, characterized in that: The rotor running speed of the cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator (G1) is v l , the effective high-speed harmonic magnetic field speed is v h , transmission ratio .

8. The electric vehicle energy regeneration shock absorber according to claim 7, characterized in that: The air gap magnetic flux density expression of cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator (G1) is: ； In the formula, are the DC component and fundamental wave component of air gap permeability; is the fundamental component of the air gap magnetomotive force; It is the high-order harmonic component of the air gap magnetic density.

9. The electric vehicle energy regeneration shock absorber according to claim 8, characterized in that: The stator winding of the cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator (G1) adopts a high-speed magnetic field structure and is wound according to the effective high-speed harmonic magnetic field pole pair number.

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