Device for preparing desalinated water by evaporating seawater through solar energy

Abstract

The invention discloses a device for preparing desalinated water by evaporating seawater through solar energy, and belongs to the technical field of seawater desalination, the device comprises an evaporation chamber, a cooling mechanism is arranged below the evaporation chamber, an air convection mechanism is arranged on one side of the evaporation chamber, and the air convection mechanism comprises a convection chimney; the structural design of the chimney is utilized to realize negative-pressure suction enhanced convection and seawater cooling to prepare desalinated water; the temperature difference of natural seawater is used for cooling, the application range is wide, investment is reduced, energy is saved, the heat efficiency and fresh water yield of the device are remarkably improved, the device is a green and pollution-free seawater desalination technology, and large-scale stable production and supply of desalinated water in island regions can be achieved without additional energy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of seawater desalination, and in particular relates to a device for preparing desalinated water by evaporating seawater using solar energy. Background Art

[0002] Fresh water is one of the basic materials for the survival and development of human society, and is a key factor in the sustainable development of the national economy and society. At present, the problem of water shortage has attracted widespread attention worldwide. Seawater is currently the largest water resource reservoir, but it cannot be directly drunk or used. The current seawater desalination technology mainly includes low-temperature multi-effect, multi-stage flash evaporation and reverse osmosis technology. These technical methods have been industrialized in many areas, but they all rely heavily on and consume a large amount of fuel or electricity. It is estimated that the production of 10,000 cubic meters of desalinated water per day requires 1.3 million tons of crude oil per year, which causes environmental problems such as the greenhouse effect of the earth, air pollution and the depletion of fossil energy. In addition, for island areas without reliable energy supply, fresh water supply is even more important. Therefore, seeking to use solar thermal energy for seawater desalination will surely be favored by people.

[0003] At present, the existing solar evaporation desalination devices mainly include the following:

[0004] Patent CN103553167B discloses a solar evaporation desalination device, which includes an evaporation chamber, a water collection system, an exhaust pipe and an air distribution system. The evaporation chamber includes a membrane frame, a hydrophobic membrane, a seawater storage tank, a seawater inlet pipe and a concentrated seawater discharge pipe. The water collection system includes a water collection tank, a water collection box and a desalinated water outlet pipe. The air distribution system includes an air inlet pipe and an aeration head. The air inlet pipe is passed through the seawater storage tank and connected to the aeration head. The working principle is that sunlight irradiates the evaporation chamber to heat the seawater in the seawater storage tank, and the seawater evaporates to form water vapor. The water vapor is cooled by the air outside the membrane to form desalinated water droplets. The exhaust pipe and the air distribution system promote convection and stir the seawater in the seawater storage tank, which is conducive to the formation of water vapor. However, the device is air-cooled. When the temperature is high, the water vapor is discharged through the chimney, which affects the water production efficiency. It is only suitable for small-scale desalination water production.

[0005] Patent CN106704106A discloses a device for solar power generation and seawater desalination combined with a wind-boosted chimney, including a seawater desalination device, a heat collecting shed, a chimney, a turbine and a wind-boosted device; the working principle is: the heat collecting shed heats the seawater to generate steam, and the vertical shaft wind wheel blades installed on the top of the chimney (vertical hollow cylinder) directly drive the fan blades to rotate to generate negative pressure, so that negative pressure is generated inside the chimney, and the rising water vapor is cooled by air and condensed into water droplets on the lower surface of the glass partition to prepare desalinated water and collect it. The device is also air-cooled. When the temperature is high, the water vapor is discharged from the chimney, affecting the water production efficiency; the generation of negative pressure is greatly affected by wind. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the implementation of this application is to provide a device for preparing desalinated water by evaporating seawater using solar energy, so as to solve the technical problems of existing seawater desalination technology, such as large investment, high cost, high energy consumption, high requirements for seawater pretreatment, and heavy dependence on fossil and electric energy.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted in this application is: to provide a device for preparing desalinated water by evaporating seawater using solar energy, including an evaporation chamber, a cooling mechanism is provided under the evaporation chamber, an air convection mechanism is provided on one side of the evaporation chamber, and the air convection mechanism includes a convection chimney, which is thin at the top and thick at the bottom, and has a dark exterior.

[0008] In one embodiment,

[0009] The evaporation chamber is surrounded by seven side walls. A seawater storage tank is arranged at the bottom of the evaporation chamber, and water inlet and outlet pipes are arranged on one side of the seawater storage tank.

[0010] In one embodiment,

[0011] An air inlet is provided on one of the side walls, and an exhaust hole is provided on the opposite side wall, and the number of the air inlet and the exhaust hole is at least one.

[0012] In one embodiment,

[0013] The cooling mechanism comprises an air intake pipe, one end of which is connected with a series pipe, the series pipe is connected with a cooling pipe, and the number of the cooling pipe is at least one.

[0014] In one embodiment,

[0015] The bottoms of the plurality of cooling pipes are connected to a fresh water storage tank.

[0016] In one embodiment,

[0017] A fresh water outlet pipe is provided on one side of the fresh water storage tank, and a gas outlet pipe is provided on the other side.

[0018] In one embodiment,

[0019] The inner inclination angle of the convection chimney is 60-75 degrees, and a convection air inlet is arranged at the bottom of the convection chimney.

[0020] In one embodiment,

[0021] The material of the convection chimney is one of stainless steel, carbon steel, aluminum alloy and titanium alloy.

[0022] In one embodiment,

[0023] The evaporation chamber and the air convection mechanism are located above the sea level, and the cooling mechanism is located below the sea level.

[0024] In one embodiment,

[0025] The air inlet pipe is communicated with the air outlet hole, and the convection air inlet is communicated with the air outlet pipe.

[0026] The present application provides a device for preparing desalinated water by evaporating seawater using solar energy. The evaporation chamber is placed above the sea level to fully absorb the heat from solar energy and realize seawater desalination by using solar energy resources. The convection chimney is a spatial structure that is narrow at the top and thick at the bottom, and the outer layer is black. It heats up quickly when exposed to the sun, and the rising hot air is conducive to the formation of forced convection and negative pressure. Therefore, the chimney structure design can be used to realize negative pressure suction to enhance convection and seawater cooling to prepare desalinated water; this device uses the temperature difference of natural seawater for cooling, and can be applied to sea areas where the seawater temperature does not change much, can overcome the shortcomings of air cooling, has low requirements for the pretreatment of seawater, has a wide range of applications, can reduce equipment investment, reduce equipment size, reduce investment, save energy, and is more green and environmentally friendly; this device significantly improves the thermal efficiency and fresh water output of the device, and is a green and pollution-free seawater desalination technology that can achieve large-scale stable production and supply of desalinated water in island areas without the need for external energy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a water desalination device.

[0029] Explanation of symbols in the figure:

[0030] 1. Evaporation chamber; 11. Seawater storage tank; 12. Air inlet; 13. Air exhaust hole; 14. Water inlet and outlet pipes; 2. Cooling mechanism; 21. Air inlet pipe; 22. Cooling pipe; 221. Series pipe; 23. Gas outlet pipe; 24. Fresh water storage tank; 25. Fresh water outlet pipe; 3. Air convection mechanism; 31. Convection air inlet; 32. Convection chimney. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by the present application more clear, the present application is further described in detail. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and are not used to limit the present application.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] A device for preparing desalinated water by evaporating seawater using solar energy, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes an evaporation chamber 1 , a cooling mechanism 2 is provided below the evaporation chamber 1 , and an air convection mechanism 3 is provided on one side of the evaporation chamber 1 .

[0034] Specifically, the evaporation chamber 1 and the air convection mechanism 3 are located above the sea level, and the cooling mechanism 2 is located below the sea level; the evaporation chamber 1 is used to heat seawater to evaporate the seawater to form water vapor; the cooling mechanism 2 can cool the water vapor to form water droplets, and the air convection mechanism 3 can form negative pressure to provide power for the movement of water vapor.

[0035] The evaporation chamber 1 is surrounded by seven side walls. A seawater storage tank 11 is provided at the bottom of the evaporation chamber 1. An air inlet 12 is provided on the side wall B. An exhaust hole 13 is provided on the side wall D. The number of the air inlet 12 and the exhaust hole 13 is at least one, and in this embodiment, there are two of them.

[0036] Specifically, the side walls A, B, and D of the evaporation chamber 1 are made of glass and fixed by a metal bracket structure. The side wall C is made of stainless steel and the inner surface is coated with black paint. The seawater storage tank 11 is made of stainless steel, and an inlet and outlet water pipe 14 is provided on one side of the seawater storage tank 11 to facilitate the entry and exit of seawater.

[0037] The cooling mechanism 2 includes an air inlet pipe 21, one end of which is connected to a series pipe 221, and the series pipe 221 is connected to a cooling pipe 22. The bottoms of the multiple cooling pipes 22 are connected to a fresh water storage tank 24. A fresh water outlet pipe 25 is provided on one side of the fresh water storage tank 24, and an air outlet pipe 23 is provided on the other side.

[0038] Specifically, the number of cooling pipes 22 is at least one, and in this embodiment, the number of cooling pipes 22 is nine. The number of series openings of the series pipes 221 is consistent with the number of cooling pipes 22. The fresh water storage tank 24 is made of stainless steel. The cooling pipe 22 is made of polyethylene.

[0039] The air convection mechanism 3 includes a convection chimney 32, which is thin at the top and thick at the bottom, dark in color on the outside, preferably black, with an internal inclination of 60-75 degrees, and a convection air inlet 31 is provided at the bottom of the convection chimney 32, and the material of the convection chimney 32 is stainless steel.

[0040] In one embodiment, the side walls A, B, and D of the evaporation chamber 1 are made of plastic film and fixed by a plastic structure. The seawater storage tank 11 and the fresh water storage tank 24 can be made of one of plastic, titanium alloy, and steel-concrete structure. The material of the convection chimney 32 can be made of one of carbon steel, aluminum alloy, and titanium alloy. The cooling pipe 22 can be made of polypropylene.

[0041] The above describes the specific structure of the present invention in detail. Figure 1 The working principle of the above-mentioned device for preparing desalinated water by evaporating seawater using solar energy is described as follows:

[0042] The air inlet pipe 21 is connected to the exhaust hole 13, and the convection air inlet 31 is connected to the gas outlet pipe 23, thereby realizing the overall connection of the device. When the device is in operation, except for the air inlet pipe 21 and the convection chimney 32, the rest are closed systems; the evaporation chamber 1 is heated by irradiating sunlight, the temperature in the evaporation chamber 1 increases, the seawater in the seawater storage tank 11 evaporates to form water vapor, and the evaporation chamber 1 is filled with steam. After the convection chimney 32 is irradiated by the sun, the internal air temperature increases to form an upward airflow, and the bottom area connected to the fresh water storage tank 24 forms a negative pressure. In this way, the water vapor in the evaporation chamber 1 is sucked into the cooling pipe 22, and forms water droplets under the cooling of the external seawater, and drips into the fresh water storage tank 24.

[0043] Example 2

[0044] The evaporation chamber 1 is made of glass, and the seawater storage tank 11 has a capacity of 20m 3 , effective surface area 40m 2 The convection chimney 32 is made of stainless steel, with an internal inclination of 60°, a height of 20m, and a closing diameter of 10cm on the top; the cooling pipe 22 is made of polyethylene, and the effective area of ​​the cooling pipe 22 is 20m 2 , at 10-30° north latitude, the water production rate in winter and summer is 5-10m 3 / d and 10-50m 3 / d.

[0045] Example 3

[0046] The evaporation chamber 1 is made of glass, and the seawater storage tank 11 has a capacity of 20m 3 , effective surface area 40m 2 The convection chimney 32 is made of stainless steel, with an internal inclination of 60°, a height of 10m, and a closing diameter of 10cm on the top; the cooling pipe 22 is made of polyethylene, and the effective area of ​​the cooling pipe 22 is 15m2 , at 10-30° north latitude, the water production rates in winter and summer are 2-8m 3 / d and 8-30m 3 / d.

[0047] Example 4

[0048] The evaporation chamber 1 is made of glass, and the seawater storage tank 11 has a capacity of 20m 3 , effective surface area 40m 2 The convection chimney 32 is made of stainless steel, with an internal inclination of 60°, a height of 20m, and a closing diameter of 10cm on the top; the cooling pipe 22 is made of polyethylene, and the effective area of ​​the cooling pipe 22 is 20m 2 , at 10-30° north latitude, the water production rate in winter and summer is 5-10m 3 / d and 10-50m 3 / d.

[0049] Example 5

[0050] The evaporation chamber 1 is made of glass, and the seawater storage tank 11 has a capacity of 20m 3 , effective surface area 40m 2 The convection chimney 32 is made of stainless steel, with an internal inclination of 60°, a height of 5m, and a closing diameter of 10cm on the top; the cooling pipe 22 is made of polyethylene, and the effective area of ​​the cooling pipe 22 is 50m 2 , at 10-30° north latitude, the water production rate in winter and summer is 1-5m 3 / d and 5-30m 3 / d.

[0051] Example 6

[0052] The evaporation chamber 1 is made of glass, and the seawater storage tank 11 has a capacity of 20m 3 , effective surface area 60m 2 The convection chimney 32 is made of stainless steel, with an internal inclination of 75°, a height of 20m, and a closing diameter of 10cm on the top; the cooling pipe 22 is made of polypropylene, and the effective area of ​​the cooling pipe 22 is 20m 2 , the water production rate in winter and summer is 8-16m at 10-30° north latitude 3 / d and 15-70m 3 / d.

[0053] Example 7

[0054] The evaporation chamber 1 is made of glass, and the seawater storage tank 11 has a capacity of 20m 3 , effective surface area 40m 2The convection chimney 32 is made of stainless steel, with an internal inclination of 75°, a height of 20m, and a closing diameter of 5cm on the top; the cooling pipe 22 is made of polypropylene, and the effective area of ​​the cooling pipe 22 is 20m 2 , at 10-30° north latitude, the water production rates in winter and summer are 6-12m 3 / d and 12-60m 3 / d.

[0055] The present application provides a device for preparing desalinated water by evaporating seawater by solar energy, comprising an evaporation chamber, a cooling mechanism is arranged below the evaporation chamber, an air convection mechanism is arranged on one side of the evaporation chamber, the air convection mechanism comprises a convection chimney, the convection chimney is thin at the top and thick at the bottom, and the outer layer is dark; the present application places the evaporation chamber above the sea level, fully absorbs the heat of solar energy, and realizes seawater desalination by utilizing solar energy resources; the convection chimney is a spatial structure that is narrow at the top and thick at the bottom, and the outer layer is black, and it heats up quickly when irradiated by the sun, and the rising of hot air is conducive to the formation of forced convection and negative pressure, so that the chimney structure design can be used to realize negative pressure suction to enhance convection and seawater cooling to prepare desalinated water; the device uses the temperature difference of natural seawater for cooling, can be applied to sea areas where the seawater temperature does not change much, can overcome the shortcomings of air cooling, has low requirements for pretreatment of seawater, has a wide range of applications, can reduce equipment investment, reduce equipment volume, reduce investment, save energy, and is more green and environmentally friendly; the device significantly improves the thermal efficiency and fresh water output of the device, is a green and pollution-free seawater desalination technology, and can realize large-scale stable production and supply of desalinated water in island areas without external energy.

[0056] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of this application, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0057] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A device for preparing desalinated water by evaporating seawater using solar energy, comprising an evaporation chamber, a cooling mechanism is provided below the evaporation chamber, and an air convection mechanism is provided on one side of the evaporation chamber, characterized in that: The air convection mechanism comprises a convection chimney, which is thin at the top and thick at the bottom and has a dark exterior.

2. The device for preparing desalinated water by evaporating seawater using solar energy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The evaporation chamber is surrounded by seven side walls. A seawater storage tank is arranged at the bottom of the evaporation chamber, and a water inlet and outlet pipe is arranged at one side of the seawater storage tank.

3. The device for preparing desalinated water by evaporating seawater using solar energy according to claim 2, characterized in that: An air inlet is provided on one of the side walls, and an exhaust hole is provided on the opposite side wall, and the number of the air inlet and the exhaust hole is at least one.

4. The device for preparing desalinated water by evaporating seawater using solar energy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cooling mechanism comprises an air intake pipe, one end of which is connected to a series pipe, the series pipe is connected to a cooling pipe, and the number of the cooling pipe is at least one.

5. The device for preparing desalinated water by evaporating seawater using solar energy according to claim 4, characterized in that: The bottoms of the multiple cooling pipes are connected to a fresh water storage tank.

6. The device for preparing desalinated water by evaporating seawater using solar energy according to claim 5, characterized in that: A fresh water outlet pipe is arranged on one side of the fresh water storage tank, and a gas outlet pipe is arranged on the other side.

7. The device for preparing desalinated water by evaporating seawater using solar energy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner inclination angle of the convection chimney is 60-75 degrees, and a convection air inlet is arranged at the bottom of the convection chimney.

8. The device for preparing desalinated water by evaporating seawater using solar energy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the convection chimney is one of stainless steel, carbon steel, aluminum alloy and titanium alloy.

9. The device for preparing desalinated water by evaporating seawater using solar energy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The evaporation chamber and the air convection mechanism are located above the sea level, and the cooling mechanism is located below the sea level.

10. A device for preparing desalinated water by evaporating seawater using solar energy according to any one of claims 3 to 7, characterized in that: The air inlet pipe is communicated with the air outlet hole, and the convection air inlet is communicated with the air outlet pipe.

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