Tar-free operation two-section type gas producer
By forming a hydroxide layer in the upper furnace body of the two-stage gas generator, and using oxygen to crack tar and phenol, the problem of tar and phenol water pollution in the prior art is solved, and tar-free operation is achieved, operating costs are reduced and gas calorific value is increased.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510283993.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-11
- Publication Date
- 2025-05-02
AI Technical Summary
The existing two-stage gas generator will generate tar and phenol water during operation, resulting in secondary pollution and high disposal costs.
A two-stage gas generator furnace running without tar was designed. By forming a hydroxide layer in the upper furnace body, tar, phenol and other substances were cracked into alkane gas and H2 by using oxygen, thereby forming gas without tar and phenol substances.
The emissions of tar-free and phenol water are achieved, which reduces operating costs, increases the calorific value and quality of gas, and reduces equipment investment.
Smart Images
Figure CN119912981A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention discloses a tar-free two-stage coal gasifier, and belongs to the technical field of coal gasifiers, and in particular relates to the technical field of tar-free two-stage coal gasifiers. Background Art
[0002] The operation of a two-stage gasifier produces coal tar and phenol water, both of which are hazardous wastes. They are difficult to handle in most areas, increase processing costs for gasifier users, and are also a process that is not supported by the environmental protection industry.
[0003] The structure of the existing two-stage gas generator is divided into two upper and lower gas outlets. The outlet of the dry distillation section is above the furnace body, and the gasification section gas is led out from the side of the furnace body through the heat-conducting wall and the central tube. The upper section dry distillation gas is connected to an electric tar collector to capture the tar component in the volatile gas produced by dry distillation. At the same time, a large amount of condensed water (i.e., phenol water) comes out, causing secondary pollution. The disposal of tar and phenol water greatly increases the operating cost for users. Summary of the invention
[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the existing defects and provide a tar-free two-stage gasifier, thereby solving the problem that the existing two-stage gasifier will cause secondary pollution and the disposal of tar and phenol water will greatly increase the operating cost for users.
[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A tar-free two-stage gasifier comprises a furnace body, wherein the furnace body comprises an upper furnace body, an intermediate furnace body and a lower furnace body arranged in sequence from top to bottom, a gas collecting box is installed at the top of the upper furnace body, a gathering box is installed at the top of the gas collecting box, a material bin for adding materials is installed at the top of the gathering box, a blast device is installed at the bottom of the lower furnace body, an upper blast structure connected to the blast device is installed on the upper furnace body on the side of the blast box, and gas is supplied to the interior of the upper furnace body and the intermediate furnace body, and a temperature detection structure is arranged inside the upper furnace body and the intermediate furnace body to provide data support for the upper blast structure.
[0006] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the upper blast structure includes an upper blast air inlet duct, an upper blast electric regulating valve and a check valve are installed on the outside of the upper blast air inlet duct, the upper blast air inlet duct between the upper blast electric regulating valve and the check valve is connected to the intermediate furnace body through a conduit, and an upper oxide layer oxygen-enriched electric regulating valve is installed on the conduit, a central airflow channel extending into the interior of the air collecting box is installed inside the upper furnace body, a central oxygen-enriched outlet is arranged on the bottom side of the central airflow channel, peripheral oxygen-enriched outlets are distributed inside the intermediate furnace body on the side of the central oxygen-enriched outlet, the central oxygen-enriched outlet and the peripheral oxygen-enriched outlets are both connected to the conduit, and the top of the intermediate furnace body is provided with an air guide furnace wall extending into the interior of the upper furnace body.
[0007] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, a material level meter is installed inside the upper furnace body on the side of the upper blast air inlet duct.
[0008] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, a gas outlet of a gas generator is installed on the side of the gas collecting box, the temperature detection structure includes a gas outlet temperature detection sensor installed inside the gas outlet of the gas generator, and an oxygen-rich oxidation layer temperature detection sensor is installed on the side of the central air flow channel.
[0009] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the silo includes a large silo and a buffer silo arranged in sequence from top to bottom, a coal adding buffer valve is installed between the large silo and the buffer silo, a coal adding air lock valve is arranged between the buffer silo and the top of the aggregation box, and the lower section of the furnace body and the blowing device are provided with a rotating water basin type ash removal mechanism.
[0010] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, an upper blast pressure detection sensor and an upper blast flow detection sensor are installed on the upper blast air inlet duct between the upper blast electric regulating valve and the upper furnace body, and an upper blast manual valve is installed on the upper blast air inlet duct on the side of the check valve.
[0011] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the peripheral oxygen-enriched outlet is arranged at the middle position of the gas-conducting furnace wall, and the position of the peripheral oxygen-enriched outlet is arranged at the same height as the position of the oxygen-enriched outlet, and the peripheral oxygen-enriched outlet is distributed in a ring shape.
[0012] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: no tar and no phenol water are discharged during the overall operation, no emission treatment is required, energy saving and environmental protection are achieved, and the electric tar collector equipment of the original two-stage gasifier is removed, the equipment investment is smaller, and it is convenient to carry out promotion operations, the quality of the gas is improved, the hydrogen content and methane content are increased, and the calorific value of the gas is improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0013] Figure 1It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; 1-upper blast air inlet duct; 2-upper blast pressure detection sensor; 3-upper blast flow detection sensor; 4-upper blast electric regulating valve; 5-upper blast manual valve; 6-check valve; 7-upper oxide layer oxygen-enriched electric regulating valve; 8-central oxygen-enriched outlet; 9-peripheral oxygen-enriched outlet; 10-gas outlet temperature detection sensor; 11-oxygen-enriched oxide layer temperature detection sensor; 12-gas guide furnace wall; 13-central air flow channel; 14-level meter; 15-lower furnace body; 16-upper furnace body; 17-gas collecting box; 18-gathering box; 19-coal adding air lock valve; 20-buffer bin; 21-large silo; 22-coal adding buffer valve; 23-blast device; 24-middle furnace body; 25-gas generator gas outlet. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0014] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0015] See also Figure 1 , the present invention provides a technical solution: A tar-free two-stage coal gasifier comprises a furnace body, wherein an upper furnace body 16, an intermediate furnace body 24 and a lower furnace body 15 are arranged in sequence from top to bottom, a gas collecting box 17 is installed at the top of the upper furnace body 16, a gathering box 18 is installed at the top of the gathering box 17, a material bin for feeding is installed at the top of the gathering box 18, a blast device 23 is installed at the bottom of the lower furnace body 15, an upper blast structure connected to the blast device 23 is installed on the upper furnace body 16 on the side of the gas collecting box 17, and the upper furnace body 16 and the intermediate furnace body 24 are provided with gas supply. The interior of 24 is provided with a temperature detection structure which provides data support for the upper blast structure. The internal temperature of the upper furnace body 16 and the middle furnace body 24 is detected by the temperature detection structure. When the detected temperature is lower than the set temperature, the upper blast structure is opened to transport oxygen to the interior of the upper furnace body 16 and the middle furnace body 24. Under the action of the oxygen, a hydrogen oxidation layer is formed in the dry distillation section. The upper section coal gas containing volatile substances such as tar, alkane gas and phenol passes through the upper oxidation layer, so that substances such as tar and phenol are cracked into alkane gas and H2, forming coal gas without tar and phenol substances.
[0016] The upper blast structure includes an upper blast air inlet duct 1, and an upper blast electric regulating valve 4 and a check valve 6 are installed on the outside of the upper blast air inlet duct 1. The ventilation volume inside the upper blast air inlet duct 1 is controlled by the upper blast electric regulating valve 4. The upper blast air inlet duct 1 between the upper blast electric regulating valve 4 and the check valve 6 is connected to the middle furnace body 24 through a conduit, thereby facilitating ventilation to the inside of the middle furnace body 24, and an upper oxide layer oxygen-enriched electric regulating valve 7 is installed on the conduit, thereby facilitating ventilation to the inside of the middle furnace body 24. The upper furnace body 16 is provided with a central airflow channel 13 extending into the gas collecting box 17, and a central oxygen-enriched outlet 8 is provided on the side of the bottom end of the central airflow channel 13. The middle furnace body 24 on the side of the central oxygen-enriched outlet 8 is provided with peripheral oxygen-enriched outlets 9, and the central oxygen-enriched outlet 8 and the peripheral oxygen-enriched outlets 9 are both connected to the conduit, thereby ensuring that the airflow introduced can be evenly distributed in the middle furnace body 24, and the top of the middle furnace body 24 is provided with an air guide furnace wall 12 extending into the upper furnace body 16.
[0017] A material level meter 14 is installed inside the upper furnace body 16 on the side of the upper blast air inlet duct 1 to facilitate detection of the material quantity.
[0018] A gas generator gas outlet 25 is installed on the side of the gas collecting box 17, and the temperature detection structure includes a gas outlet temperature detection sensor 10 installed inside the gas generator gas outlet 25, and an oxygen-rich oxidation layer temperature detection sensor 11 is installed on the side of the central air flow channel 13, thereby facilitating the measurement of temperatures at different positions, thereby providing the required data support for the operation of the upper oxidation layer oxygen-rich electric regulating valve 7 and the upper blower electric regulating valve 4.
[0019] The silo includes a large silo 21 and a buffer silo 20 which are arranged in sequence from top to bottom. A coal-adding buffer valve 22 is installed between the large silo 21 and the buffer silo 20. A coal-adding air lock valve 19 is arranged between the buffer silo 20 and the top of the gathering box 18 to prevent gas discharge during material addition. The lower furnace body 15 and the blower 23 are provided with a rotating water basin type ash removal mechanism to facilitate dust removal of the discharged gas.
[0020] An upper blast pressure detection sensor 2 and an upper blast flow detection sensor 3 are installed on the upper blast air inlet duct 1 between the upper blast electric regulating valve 4 and the upper furnace body 16, so as to facilitate the detection of the upper blast pressure and the upper blast flow rate. Upper blast duct 1 The amount of gas entering the upper furnace body 16 is calculated, and an upper blast manual valve 5 is installed on the upper blast air inlet duct 1 on the side of the check valve 6.
[0021] The peripheral oxygen-enriched outlet 9 is arranged in the middle of the gas-conducting furnace wall 12 , and the position of the peripheral oxygen-enriched outlet 9 is arranged at the same height as the position of the oxygen-enriched outlet 8 , and the peripheral oxygen-enriched outlet 9 is distributed in a ring shape, ensuring that oxygen can be evenly distributed inside the middle furnace body 24 .
[0022] The method for obtaining clean gas by operating the two-stage gasifier without tar is as follows: The first step: set the detection temperature of the gas outlet temperature detection sensor 10 to 400-450°C; when the outlet temperature is lower than 420°C, the opening of the upper air blast electric regulating valve 4 is increased, otherwise it is decreased; The detection temperature of the oxygen-rich oxidation layer temperature detection sensor 11 is set at 1000-1150°C; when the upper oxidation layer temperature is lower than 1000°C, the opening of the upper air blast electric regulating valve 4 increases, otherwise it decreases; When the gasifier is running, full material layer operation must be ensured. When the gasifier is ignited successfully, the coal layer level meter 14 must be filled up and closed, and the upper blast electric regulating valve 4 must be opened. Only when the gas outlet temperature reaches 400°C or above in real time can gas be supplied to the user.
[0023] The thickness of the oxide layer in the furnace body must be sufficient to ensure that the flow rate of the distillation coal can pass through the oxide layer for 1.5-3 seconds.
[0024] The principle of the equipment is as follows: the two-stage gasifier is operated without tar. Under the condition of the lower blast foundation of the two-stage gasifier, an upper blast air inlet pipe 1 is added to the upper part. A slight oxidation layer is also formed in the middle and lower parts (middle furnace body 24, lower furnace body 15) of the upper dry distillation section (upper furnace body 16) of the gasifier. The gas outlet 25 of the gasifier is closed to make the dry distillation gas go down and pass through the upper oxidation layer for volatilization and decomposition. At the same time, the organic phenol is burned off. The gas is combined with the lower gas outlet 26 and led out together. When the two-stage gasifier is operated in the tar-free operation mode, water vapor is added to the upper blast air inlet pipe 1 to reform the gas. The H2 content in the gas is increased by 2-5%, the CH4 content is increased by 5-8%, and the calorific value of the gas is increased by 100-200Kcal / Nm3. Because most of the organic phenols are burned and decomposed in the upper layer, the formation of phenol water is reduced.
[0025] The two-stage gasifier operates without tar, the gas has high calorific value, the thermal conversion efficiency of coal is high, and there is no tar and phenol water discharged.
[0026] When the tar-free coal gas generator is in operation, the coal gas outlet 25 of the coal gas generator is closed, and the upper blast electric regulating valve 4 is opened. The upper section of coal gas descends in the furnace under the action of the airflow in the upper blast air inlet pipe 1. Due to the action of oxygen in the upper blast, a hydrogen oxidation layer (1000-1200°C) is formed in the dry distillation section. The upper section of coal gas containing volatile substances such as tar, alkane gas, and phenol passes through the upper oxidation layer, so that tar, phenol and other substances are cracked into alkane gas and H2, forming coal gas without tar and phenol substances.
[0027] The tar-free coal gasifier operates with full coal seams and no empty layers. It has an upper blast equipment structure, upper and lower double oxidation layers, high furnace temperature, thick fire layers, and the lower-stage coal gas is mixed with the coal gas after tar cracking in the upper stage. The calorific value of the mixed coal gas is 10-12% higher than that of the ordinary two-stage coal gasifier.
[0028] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. A tar-free two-stage coal gasifier, comprising a furnace body, wherein the furnace body is sequentially arranged from top to bottom as an upper furnace body (16), an intermediate furnace body (24) and a lower furnace body (15), a gas collecting box (17) is installed at the top of the upper furnace body (16), a gathering box (18) is installed at the top of the gas collecting box (17), a material bin for feeding is installed at the top of the gathering box (18), and a blast device (23) is installed at the bottom of the lower furnace body (15), characterized in that: An upper blowing structure connected to a blowing device (23) is installed on the upper furnace body (16) on the side of the gas collecting box (17) to supply air to the interior of the upper furnace body (16) and the middle furnace body (24). The interior of the upper furnace body (16) and the middle furnace body (24) is provided with a temperature detection structure that provides data support for the upper blowing structure.
2. A tar-free two-stage gasifier according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper blast structure comprises an upper blast air inlet duct (1), an upper blast electric regulating valve (4) and a check valve (6) are installed outside the upper blast air inlet duct (1), the upper blast air inlet duct (1) between the upper blast electric regulating valve (4) and the check valve (6) is connected to the middle furnace body (24) through a conduit, and an upper oxide layer oxygen-enriched electric regulating valve (7) is installed on the conduit, a central air flow channel (13) extending into the interior of the gas collecting box (17) is installed inside the upper furnace body (16), a central oxygen-enriched outlet (8) is arranged on the bottom side of the central air flow channel (13), peripheral oxygen-enriched outlets (9) are distributed inside the middle furnace body (24) on the side of the central oxygen-enriched outlet (8), the central oxygen-enriched outlet (8) and the peripheral oxygen-enriched outlets (9) are both connected to the conduit, and a gas-guiding furnace wall (12) extending into the interior of the upper furnace body (16) is arranged at the top of the middle furnace body (24).
3. A tar-free two-stage gasifier according to claim 2, characterized in that: A material level meter (14) is installed inside the upper furnace body (16) on the side of the upper blast air inlet duct (1).
4. A tar-free two-stage gasifier according to claim 2, characterized in that: A gas generator gas outlet (25) is installed on the side of the gas collecting box (17), the temperature detection structure includes a gas outlet temperature detection sensor (10) installed inside the gas generator gas outlet (25), and an oxygen-rich oxidation layer temperature detection sensor (11) is installed on the side of the central air flow channel (13).
5. The tar-free two-stage coal gasifier according to claim 1, characterized in that: The silo comprises a large silo (21) and a buffer silo (20) arranged in sequence from top to bottom, a coal-adding buffer valve (22) is installed between the large silo (21) and the buffer silo (20), a coal-adding air lock valve (19) is provided between the buffer silo (20) and the top of the gathering box (18), and a rotating water basin type ash removal mechanism is provided between the lower furnace body (15) and the blast device (23).
6. A tar-free two-stage gasifier according to claim 2, characterized in that: An upper blast pressure detection sensor (2) and an upper blast flow detection sensor (3) are installed on the upper blast air inlet duct (1) between the upper blast electric regulating valve (4) and the upper furnace body (16), and an upper blast manual valve (5) is installed on the upper blast air inlet duct (1) on the side of the check valve (6).
7. A tar-free two-stage coal gasifier according to claim 2, characterized in that: The peripheral oxygen-enriched outlet (9) is arranged at a middle position of the gas-conducting furnace wall (12), and the position of the peripheral oxygen-enriched outlet (9) is arranged at the same height as the position of the oxygen-enriched outlet (8), and the peripheral oxygen-enriched outlet (9) is distributed in a ring shape.