Earth and rockfill dam emergency dam body spillway and construction method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an earth and rockfill dam emergency dam body spillway and a construction method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of spillways. The emergency dam body spillway of the earth and rockfill dam comprises an inlet section, a flood discharge groove section and a stilling pool which are sequentially and obliquely arranged from upstream to downstream, anti-seepage structures are laid on the lower surfaces of the inlet section, the flood discharge groove section and the stilling pool, protective layers are arranged on the upper surfaces of the inlet section, the flood discharge groove section and the stilling pool, and backfilling layers are arranged above the protective layers; the flood discharge groove section comprises a stepped energy dissipation section and a flow equalizing section, the flow equalizing section is connected with the inlet section through the energy dissipation section, and the energy dissipation section is connected with the stilling pool through the flow equalizing section. According to the emergency dam body spillway of the earth and rockfill dam and the construction method and application of the emergency dam body spillway of the earth and rockfill dam, one-way drainage is achieved through the anti-seepage structure, and the seepage line of the dam body is effectively reduced; and the energy dissipation effect of the spillway is improved through the arrangement of the energy dissipation section and the flow equalizing section. Flood discharge of the reservoir can be achieved through the emergency dam spillway under the emergency condition, the water level of the reservoir is lowered, the risk of overtopping and outburst of the reservoir dam is lowered, and the life and property safety of downstream people is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of spillways, and in particular to an emergency dam body spillway of an earth-rock dam and a construction method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] A spillway is a structure used in water conservancy facilities to control the water level of a reservoir, lake or river. When the water level exceeds the safe level, the spillway can discharge the excess reservoir water to prevent the earth-rock dam from overflowing and causing flood disasters. The design and operation of the spillway are crucial to ensuring the safety of water conservancy projects. The structure of the spillway generally includes an inlet section, a control end, a chute section and a drainage section. During the flood discharge process, the scouring force and impact force of the water flow are relatively large, and the impact on the downstream river channel is relatively large. In order to reduce the impact force of the water flow, energy dissipation structures such as energy dissipation pools are often set up in the spillway chute or at the bottom.

[0003] Spillway, flood discharge tunnel and other water discharge structures are usually set up in reservoir and hydropower station projects. When encountering extreme floods exceeding the design standards, the existing water discharge structures can no longer meet the flood discharge requirements. It is very likely that the water level will continue to rise and overflow the dam top. If the water retaining structure is an earth-rock dam, it is very easy to overflow and collapse, causing a dam breach and flood, which seriously threatens the lives and property of the people downstream.

[0004] The existing patent CN201910037373.9 discloses a spillway and its construction method. The spillway includes a spillway constructed on the dam body. At least one step is gradually lowered at the bottom of the spillway along the overflow direction, and at least one flexible energy dissipation member is stacked up and down on each step to dissipate the energy of the water flow; and the flexible energy dissipation members on any two adjacent steps partially overlap to form the flexible energy dissipation members on each step connected end to end in sequence. The above patent can not only improve the energy dissipation effect of the water flow along the way by arranging flexible energy dissipation members on each step, thereby reducing the scouring damage caused by the spillway flood discharge to the downstream river channel; it can also make the spillway have better deformation coordination ability, improve the energy dissipation effect on the water flow, and effectively prevent the overtopping scouring damage of the earth dam, so that the spillway can have a better use effect. However, the above patent only dissipates energy through steps. The steps have a better energy dissipation effect for water flows with a smaller discharge flow, but when the discharge flow is large, the energy dissipation effect is poor. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an emergency dam spillway of an earth-rock dam and its construction method and application, which is used as an emergency spillway during flood discharge, and a drainage layer is laid at the bottom of the spillway, which effectively reduces the infiltration line of the dam body, and does not increase the infiltration line in the dam due to the existence of the spillway; the energy dissipation effect of the spillway is improved by setting an energy dissipation section and a flow equalization section. The emergency dam spillway of the present invention does not affect the normal water retaining function of the earth-rock dam, and the reservoir can discharge flood water through the emergency dam spillway in an emergency, thereby reducing the reservoir water level, reducing the risk of overtopping and collapse of the reservoir dam, and ensuring the safety of life and property of the people downstream.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides an emergency dam body spillway of an earth-rock dam, comprising an inlet section, a flood discharge chute section and an energy dissipation pool which are arranged obliquely in sequence from upstream to downstream, wherein the lower surfaces of the inlet section, the flood discharge chute section and the energy dissipation pool are paved with an anti-seepage structure, and the upper surfaces of the inlet section, the flood discharge chute section and the energy dissipation pool are provided with a protective layer, and a backfill layer is provided above the protective layer; the flood discharge chute section comprises a stepped energy dissipation section and a flow balancing section, the flow balancing section is connected to the inlet section through the energy dissipation section, and the energy dissipation section is connected to the energy dissipation pool through the flow balancing section.

[0007] Preferably, the anti-seepage structure includes a drainage layer and a filter layer, a one-way permeable layer is arranged between the drainage layer and the filter layer, and the drainage layer, the one-way permeable layer and the filter layer are all fixed on the dam body.

[0008] Preferably, the drainage layer and the filter layer are both non-woven geotextile layers, the one-way permeable layer is a one-way drainage geomembrane that drains water from the dam body to the spillway in one direction, and the protective layer is a COMPET material layer.

[0009] Preferably, grooves are provided on the dam body along the length direction of the spillway, the grooves are located on both sides of the spillway, the protective layer, the drainage layer, the one-way permeable layer and the filter layer are superimposed in the grooves, a pressure plate is provided in the groove, the pressure plate is pressed above the protective layer, the drainage layer, the one-way permeable layer and the filter layer, a fixing nail for fixing the pressure plate is provided on the pressure plate, a first fixing groove is provided at the bottom of the groove, the first fixing groove is filled with cement slurry, the fixing nail is fixed in the first fixing groove by the cement slurry, a pressing sheet for pressing the pressure plate is provided on the top of the fixing nail, the bolt is threadedly connected to the top of the fixing nail, and the bolt presses the pressing sheet against the upper surface of the pressure plate; one end of the protective layer is fixed on the water-facing surface of the dam body to protect the inlet section.

[0010] Preferably, the backfill layer is made of dam body soil, and the height of the backfill layer is not less than the height of the dam body; a clay layer is provided between the backfill layer and the protective layer.

[0011] Preferably, the energy dissipation section includes a plurality of energy dissipation prefabricated panels arranged in a stepped manner, the energy dissipation prefabricated panels are of a U-shaped structure, and the upper surface of the energy dissipation prefabricated panels is provided with at least one group of stepped first step surfaces and second step surfaces, the upper surface of the first step surface is provided with a plurality of inclined first guide plates, the first guide plates are symmetrically arranged on the first step surface, a plurality of water retaining plates are arranged on the first step surface along the length direction of the first step surface, a plurality of inclined second guide plates are arranged on the upper surface of the second step surface, the second guide plates are symmetrically arranged on the second step surface, the inclination direction of the second guide plates is opposite to that of the first guide plates, and a plurality of water retaining plates are arranged on the second step surface along the length direction of the second step surface; the water outlet end of the first step surface is provided with a first arc-shaped overhanging eaves bent upward, and the water outlet end of the second step surface is provided with a second arc-shaped overhanging eaves bent upward.

[0012] Preferably, a fixing block is provided at the lower part of the side plate of the energy dissipation prefabricated plate, and the fixing block is an arc-shaped structure. A plurality of upwardly inclined energy dissipation plates are provided on the fixing block, and the water-facing surface of the energy dissipation plate is a downwardly concave arc surface; a first positioning groove is provided at the top of the energy dissipation prefabricated plate for positioning the energy dissipation prefabricated plate above it, and a plurality of water flow grooves for discharging the infiltrated water are provided below the energy dissipation prefabricated plate; a first fixing hole is provided on the energy dissipation prefabricated plate, and a locking member passes through the first fixing hole to fix the energy dissipation prefabricated plate on the dam body.

[0013] Preferably, the flow equalizing section includes a plurality of flow equalizing prefabricated plates distributed in a stepped manner, the flow equalizing prefabricated plates include a stepped third step surface and a fourth step surface, the third step surface and the fourth step surface are both provided with staggered energy dissipation piles, the water outlet end of the third step surface is provided with a third eaves bent upward, and the water outlet end of the fourth step surface is provided with a fourth eaves bent upward; a second positioning groove is provided at the top of the flow equalizing prefabricated plate for positioning the flow equalizing prefabricated plate or the energy dissipation prefabricated plate above it, and a plurality of water troughs for discharging infiltrated water are provided below the flow equalizing prefabricated plate; a second fixing hole is provided on the flow equalizing prefabricated plate, and a locking piece passes through the second fixing hole to fix the flow equalizing prefabricated plate to the dam body.

[0014] Preferably, the water outlet end of the energy dissipation pool is a bell-mouth structure, and the water outlet end of the bell-mouth is provided with an upwardly bent arc-shaped water guide plate, which throws water upward to dissipate energy; a third fixing hole is provided on the energy dissipation pool, and a locking piece passes through the third fixing hole to fix the energy dissipation pool on the dam body.

[0015] Preferably, the locking member includes a support tube, which is inserted into the first fixing hole, the second fixing hole or the third fixing hole, a locking tube is arranged below the support tube, a plurality of locking plates are arranged between the support tube and the locking tube, a plurality of dividing grooves are arranged at the bottom of the locking tube, a transmission structure for driving the locking plate and the bottom of the locking tube to bend outward is arranged inside the support tube, the locking plate and the locking tube are both located in the second fixing groove, the second fixing groove is arranged on the dam body, the interior of the second fixing groove is filled with cement mortar, and the top end of the support tube is threadedly connected to a positioning plate.

[0016] Preferably, the transmission structure includes a stud, which is rotatably connected to the support tube, a transmission plate is provided at the top of the locking tube, the transmission plate is threadedly connected to the stud, a truncated cone-shaped stopper is provided at the bottom end of the stud, and a transmission block is provided at the bottom end of the locking tube, and the end of the transmission block close to the stopper is an inclined surface with the same inclination direction as the side of the stopper.

[0017] The construction method of the emergency dam spillway of the earth-rock dam comprises the following steps:

[0018] S1. Carry out construction layout and excavation of chute;

[0019] S2. After the chute is excavated, a second fixed groove is excavated inside the chute. The second fixed groove corresponds to the first fixed hole, the second fixed hole, and the third fixed hole one by one. The screw is rotated. The screw drives the transmission plate and the locking tube to move upward through the thread transmission. The locking plate is bent outward. The locking tube drives the transmission block to move upward. The transmission block drives the bottom end of the locking tube to bend outward under the action of the stopper. Cement mortar is injected into the second fixed groove, and the locking piece is inserted into the second fixed groove. The locking piece is fixed in the cement mortar of the second fixed groove;

[0020] S3. Perform anti-seepage treatment on the chute and the slope. Lay the non-woven geotextile anti-filtration layer, the one-way permeable layer of the one-way drainage geomembrane, and the non-woven geotextile drainage layer on the chute and the slope from bottom to top, and fix them on the chute and the slope with geo-nail; the locking piece passes through the anti-filtration layer, the one-way permeable layer and the drainage layer, and the perforation is sealed with cyanogel;

[0021] S4. Lay the stilling basin, the flow-averaging prefabricated plate, the energy dissipation prefabricated plate and the inlet section prefabricated plate on the chute from bottom to top, and use cyanogel to perform anti-seepage treatment on the joints; the support pipe of the locking member passes through the first fixing hole, the second fixing hole and the third fixing hole, and the positioning plate is threadedly connected to the top of the support pipe, and the positioning plate is pressed on the stilling basin, the flow-averaging prefabricated plate, the energy dissipation prefabricated plate and the inlet section prefabricated plate;

[0022] S5. Cast-in-place concrete construction or laying of precast panels is carried out above the energy dissipation basin, flow-equalizing precast panels, energy dissipation precast panels and inlet section according to the slope protection structure design, and cyanogel is used for anti-seepage sealing at the joints; a protective layer of COMPET material is laid on the surface of the energy dissipation basin, flow-equalizing precast panels, energy dissipation precast panels and inlet section precast panels, and the joints of the COMPET material are connected by cyanogel, and the water inlet end of the COMPET material protective layer is fixed on the water-facing surface of the dam body by geo-nail;

[0023] S6. Dig a first fixed groove on both sides of the chute, stack the filter layer, the one-way permeable layer, the drainage layer and the protective layer in the first fixed groove, and fix the pressing plate in the first fixed groove by fixing nails;

[0024] S7. Inside the chute, lay a clay layer above the protective layer, and backfill the clay layer with dam body soil, compacting it according to the dam body compaction control index; complete the construction;

[0025] The above spillway is used as an emergency spillway in the earth-rock dam.

[0026] The advantages and positive effects of the earth-rock dam emergency dam spillway and its construction method and application described in the present invention are:

[0027] 1. The present invention sets an anti-seepage structure in the spillway. By setting the anti-seepage structure, the height of the infiltration line at the spillway on the back water surface of the dam body can be effectively reduced, thereby effectively improving the strength of the dam body.

[0028] 2. The present invention arranges grooves on the dam body, and fixes the protective layer, drainage layer, one-way permeable layer, and filter layer in the grooves through a pressure plate, which is beneficial to improving the stability of the protective layer, drainage layer, one-way permeable layer, and filter layer fixed on the dam body.

[0029] 3. The present invention provides a backfill layer above the protective layer. The backfill layer is backfilled with the same soil and the same filling control index as the dam body to ensure the strength of the dam body. A clay layer is provided between the backfill layer and the protective layer to improve the connection strength between the backfill layer and the protective layer. The backfill layer has a protective effect on the COMPET material protective layer and improves the service life of the COMPET material.

[0030] 4. The present invention arranges a first guide plate and a second guide plate with opposite inclination directions on the energy dissipation prefabricated plate, and arranges a water retaining plate. A fixed block is arranged at the lower part of the side plate of the energy dissipation prefabricated plate, and an energy dissipation plate is arranged on the fixed block, thereby improving the energy dissipation effect on the water flow. The first overhang on the first step surface and the second overhang on the second step surface are conducive to increasing the air content in the water flow and improving the energy dissipation effect on the water flow.

[0031] 5. The present invention is provided with a flow-equalizing prefabricated plate, which has the function of dissipating energy on the water flow, equalizing the flow and adjusting the flow state of the water flow, and converting the turbulent flow passing through the energy dissipation section into turbulent flow, which is beneficial to the smooth discharge of floods and enables the water flow to be evenly discharged through the energy dissipation pool.

[0032] 6. The locking member of the present invention improves the connection strength with the dam body through the locking plate and the locking tube, and improves the stability of the connection between the energy dissipation prefabricated member, the flow equalization prefabricated member, the inlet section prefabricated member, the energy dissipation pool and the dam body.

[0033] 7. The present invention sets an emergency spillway on the earth-rock dam to achieve the function of emergency flood discharge without affecting the normal water retaining of the dam body, thereby lowering the reservoir water level, reducing the risk of reservoir dam overtopping and collapse, and ensuring the safety of life and property of the people downstream.

[0034] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a chute section and a stilling pool according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Middle A enlarged view;

[0039] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of an energy dissipation prefabricated panel according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the energy dissipation prefabricated plate according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the top view structure of the energy dissipation prefabricated panel according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the flow-equalizing prefabricated plate according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Fig. 9 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a flow-averaging prefabricated plate according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the energy dissipation pool according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Fig.11It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a locking member according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Fig.12 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a locking member according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Fig.13 This is a schematic diagram of the normal dam body infiltration line;

[0048] Fig.14 It is a schematic diagram of the dam body infiltration line according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0049] Reference numerals

[0050] 1. Dam body; 2. Inlet section; 3. Energy dissipation section; 4. Flow equalization section; 5. Energy dissipation pool; 6. Slope protection; 7. Protective layer; 8. Drainage layer; 9. One-way permeable layer; 10. Filter layer; 11. Clay layer; 12. Backfill layer; 13. Pressing plate; 14. First fixing groove; 15. Fixing nail; 16. Pressing plate; 17. Second fixing groove; 18. Locking piece; 19. First step surface; 20. Second step surface; 21. First guide plate; 22. Water retaining plate; 23. Second guide plate; 24. First overhanging eaves; 2 5. Second cantilever; 26. Side panel; 27. Fixing block; 28. Energy dissipation plate; 29. ​​First positioning groove; 30. Water trough; 31. First fixing hole; 32. Third step surface; 33. Fourth step surface; 34. Energy dissipation pile; 35. Second positioning groove; 36. Second fixing hole; 37. Third fixing hole; 38. Water guide plate; 39. Positioning plate; 40. Support pipe; 41. Locking pipe; 42. Locking plate; 43. Transmission plate; 44. Stud; 45. Parting groove; 46. Block; 47. Transmission block. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inside", "outside", etc. indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or the positions or positional relationships in which the invented product is usually placed when in use. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention. In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "setting", "installation", and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be a connection between the two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0052] In this application, unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by technicians in the technical field of this application. In the event of any inconsistency, the meaning described in this specification or the meaning derived from the contents recorded in this specification shall prevail. In addition, the terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing the embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. In order to accurately describe the technical content in this application and to accurately understand the present invention, the following explanations or definitions are given to the terms used in this specification before describing the specific embodiments:

[0053] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0054] like Figure 1-3 As shown. An emergency spillway of an earth-rock dam comprises an inlet section 2, a flood discharge chute section and an energy dissipation pool 5 which are arranged obliquely from top to bottom. A control section can also be arranged between the inlet section 2 and the flood discharge chute section, and the control section can adopt an existing structure to control the flow of water into the flood discharge chute section. The lower surfaces of the inlet section 2, the flood discharge chute section and the energy dissipation pool 5 are all paved with an anti-seepage structure. The anti-seepage structure comprises a drainage layer 8 and a filter layer 10, and a one-way permeable layer 9 is arranged between the drainage layer 8 and the filter layer 10, and the drainage layer 8, the one-way permeable layer 9 and the filter layer 10 are all fixed on the dam body 1 by geotechnical fixing. The drainage layer 8 and the filter layer 10 are both non-woven geotextile layers, and the one-way permeable layer 9 is a one-way drainage geomembrane for one-way drainage from the dam body 1 to the spillway. The upper surfaces of the inlet section 2, the flood discharge chute section and the energy dissipation pool 5 are all provided with a protective layer 7, and the protective layer 7 is a COMPET material layer. The COMPET material protective layer 7 mainly plays a protective role in resisting high-speed water flow scouring and erosion damage during the water flow of the spillway. The COMPET material protective layer 7 adopts the anti-scouring geotextile mentioned in patent CN201910611143.9.

[0055] The first layer of anti-seepage material is a non-woven geotextile, which mainly plays a role of anti-filtration. The second layer of material is a one-way drainage geomembrane, which, combined with the non-woven geotextile, can play a one-way drainage role in which the dam body 1 is drained outward while external water cannot enter the dam body 1. The moisture in the dam body 1 is discharged outward along the geotextile from the spillway direction. The third layer is a non-woven geotextile drainage layer 8 arranged on the geomembrane. The first three layers of material mainly play a one-way drainage role in which the dam body 1 is drained outward during the high water level operation of the dam, discharging a certain amount of moisture in the dam body 1 to ensure that the dam body has sufficient strength. The drainage path is to drain water to the outside through the non-woven geotextile between the one-way drainage geomembrane and the prefabricated parts.

[0056] like Fig.13 , 14By comparing the normal dam body 1 infiltration line with the dam body 1 in this embodiment, it can be seen that by setting the anti-seepage structure, the height of the infiltration line at the spillway on the back surface of the dam body 1 can be effectively reduced, thereby effectively improving the strength of the dam body 1.

[0057] like Figure 4 As shown. Grooves are provided on the dam body 1 along the length direction of the spillway, and the grooves are located on both sides of the spillway. The protective layer 7, the drainage layer 8, the one-way permeable layer 9, and the filter layer 10 are superimposed in the groove. A pressing plate 13 is provided in the groove, and the pressing plate 13 is pressed above the protective layer 7, the drainage layer 8, the one-way permeable layer 9, and the filter layer 10. A fixing nail 15 for fixing the pressing plate 13 is provided on the pressing plate 13, and a first fixing groove 14 is provided at the bottom of the groove, and the first fixing groove 14 is filled with cement slurry. The fixing nail 15 is fixed in the first fixing groove 14 by cement slurry. A pressing sheet 16 for pressing the pressing plate 13 is provided on the top of the fixing nail 15, and the bolt is threadedly connected to the top of the fixing nail 15. The bolt presses the pressing sheet 16 on the upper surface of the pressing plate 13 to achieve locking and fixing of the pressing plate 13, thereby improving the stability of fixing the protective layer 7, the drainage layer 8, the one-way permeable layer 9, and the filter layer 10 on the dam body 1. One end of the protective layer 7 is fixed to the water-facing surface of the dam body 1 by geo-nail to protect the inlet section 2. In order to improve the sealing effect between the protective layer 7 and the water-facing surface of the dam body 1, cyanogen gel can be applied between the protective layer 7 and the water-facing surface of the dam body 1 for anti-seepage sealing.

[0058] A backfill layer 12 is provided above the protective layer 7. The backfill layer 12 is backfilled with the same soil as the dam body 1 to ensure the strength of the dam body 1. The height of the backfill layer 12 is not less than the height of the dam body 1. A clay layer 11 is provided between the backfill layer 12 and the protective layer 7 to improve the connection strength between the backfill layer 12 and the protective layer 7. The backfill layer 12 has a protective effect on the COMPET material protective layer 7 and improves the service life of the COMPET material.

[0059] The flood discharge chute section includes a stepped energy dissipation section 3 and a flow equalization section 4. The flow equalization section 4 is connected to the inlet section 2 through the energy dissipation section 3, and the energy dissipation section 3 is connected to the stilling pool 5 through the flow equalization section 4.

[0060] like Figure 5-7As shown. The energy dissipation section 3 includes a plurality of energy dissipation prefabricated panels arranged in a stepped manner, and the energy dissipation prefabricated panels are of a U-shaped structure. The upper surface of the energy dissipation prefabricated panels is provided with at least one group of stepped first step surfaces 19 and second step surfaces 20. The upper surface of the first step surface 19 is provided with a plurality of inclined first guide plates 21, and the first guide plates 21 are symmetrically arranged on the first step surface 19. A plurality of water retaining plates 22 are arranged on the first step surface 19 along the length direction of the first step surface 19. A plurality of inclined second guide plates 23 are arranged on the upper surface of the second step surface 20, and the second guide plates 23 are symmetrically arranged on the second step surface 20. The inclination direction of the second guide plate 23 is opposite to that of the first guide plate 21. A plurality of water retaining plates 22 are arranged on the second step surface 20 along the length direction of the second step surface 20. A fixing block 27 is provided at the lower part of the side plate 26 of the energy dissipation prefabricated plate. The fixing block 27 is an arc-shaped structure. A plurality of energy dissipation plates 28 inclined upward are provided on the fixing block 27. The water-facing surface of the energy dissipation plate 28 is a downwardly concave arc surface.

[0061] The first guide plate 21 and the second guide plate 23 are inclined in opposite directions. The first guide plate 21 and the second guide plate 23 have different directions of guiding effect on the water flow, so that shear stress is generated between the water flows, and the energy dissipation effect on the water flow is improved. The setting of the water retaining plate 22 also improves the energy dissipation effect. The first guide plate 21 guides the water flow to the edge of the energy dissipation prefabricated plate, and the energy dissipation plate 28 on the fixed block 27 has a further energy dissipation effect on the water flow, and the arc surface of the energy dissipation plate 28 can slow down the flow rate of the water flow, so that the edge water flow and the middle water flow generate shear force, thereby improving the energy dissipation effect.

[0062] The outlet end of the first step surface 19 is provided with a first arc-shaped overhang 24 that bends upward, and the outlet end of the second step surface 20 is provided with a second arc-shaped overhang 25 that bends upward. When the water flows through the first overhang 24 and the second overhang 25, the first overhang 24 and the second overhang 25 throw the water upward, increase the air content of the water flow, and have a good energy dissipation effect on the water flow. The energy dissipation prefabricated plate, the first guide plate 21, the second guide plate 23, the water retaining plate 22, the fixing block 27, the energy dissipation plate 28, the first overhang 24, and the second overhang 25 are an integrated structure.

[0063] The top of the energy dissipation prefabricated plate is provided with a first positioning groove 29 for positioning the energy dissipation prefabricated plate above it or the prefabricated plate of the inlet section 2. A plurality of water channels 30 are provided below the energy dissipation prefabricated plate for draining the infiltrated water. The energy dissipation prefabricated plate is provided with a first fixing hole 31, and the locking member 18 passes through the first fixing hole 31 to fix the energy dissipation prefabricated plate on the dam body 1.

[0064] like Figure 8-9As shown. The flow-equalizing section 4 includes a plurality of flow-equalizing prefabricated plates that are distributed in a stepped manner. The flow-equalizing prefabricated plates include a third step surface 32 and a fourth step surface 33 of a stepped type, and the third step surface 32 and the fourth step surface 33 are both provided with staggered energy dissipation piles 34, and the energy dissipation piles 34 are cylindrical structures. The energy dissipation piles 34 have the effect of dissipating energy on the water flow on the one hand, and on the other hand, they have the effect of equalizing the flow of water, and the water flow passing through the energy dissipation prefabricated plates is equalized so that the water flow can be evenly discharged through the energy dissipation pool 5.

[0065] The outlet end of the third step surface 32 is provided with a third overhanging eaves bent upward, and the outlet end of the fourth step surface 33 is provided with a fourth overhanging eaves bent upward, and the third overhanging eaves and the fourth overhanging eaves further dissipate the energy of the water flow. The flow-averaging prefabricated plate, the energy dissipation pile 34, the third overhanging eaves, and the fourth overhanging eaves are an integrated structure.

[0066] The top of the flow balancing prefabricated plate is provided with a second positioning groove 35 for positioning the flow balancing prefabricated plate or the energy dissipation prefabricated plate above it. A plurality of water channels 30 are provided below the flow balancing prefabricated plate for draining the infiltrated water. The flow balancing prefabricated plate is provided with a second fixing hole 36, and the locking member 18 passes through the second fixing hole 36 to fix the flow balancing prefabricated plate on the dam body 1.

[0067] like Fig.10 As shown. The outlet end of the energy dissipation pool 5 is a bell-mouth structure, and the bell-mouth outlet end is provided with an arc-shaped water guide plate 38 that bends upward. The water guide plate 38 throws the water flow upward to dissipate energy. The energy dissipation pool 5 is provided with a third fixing hole 37, and the locking member 18 passes through the third fixing hole 37 to fix the energy dissipation pool 5 on the dam body 1.

[0068] like Fig.11 , 12 As shown. The locking member 18 includes a support tube 40, which is inserted into the first fixing hole 31, the second fixing hole 36 or the third fixing hole 37. A locking tube 41 is arranged below the support tube 40, and a plurality of locking plates 42 are arranged between the support tube 40 and the locking tube 41. A plurality of dividing grooves 45 are arranged at the bottom of the locking tube 41, and a transmission structure is arranged inside the support tube 40 to drive the locking plate 42 and the bottom of the locking tube 41 to bend outward. The locking plate 42 and the locking tube 41 are both located in the second fixing groove 17, and the second fixing groove 17 is arranged on the dam body 1. The interior of the second fixing groove 17 is filled with cement mortar to improve the stability of the fixing of the locking member 18 to the dam body 1. A positioning plate 39 is threadedly connected to the top of the support tube 40, and the positioning plate 39 is used to press and fix the prefabricated part.

[0069] The transmission structure includes a stud 44, which is rotatably connected to the support tube 40. A transmission plate 43 is fixedly provided at the top of the locking tube 41, and the transmission plate 43 is threadedly connected to the stud 44. A truncated cone-shaped stopper 46 is fixedly provided at the bottom end of the stud 44, and a transmission block 47 is provided at the bottom end of the locking tube 41. The end of the transmission block 47 close to the stopper 46 is an inclined surface with the same inclination direction as the side of the stopper 46. When the stud 44 is rotated, the stud 44 drives the locking tube 41 to move upward through the transmission plate 43, and the locking sheet 42 is subjected to the extrusion force and bends outward; at the same time, the bottom of the locking tube 41 bends outward under the action of the stopper 46, thereby improving the connection strength between the locking member 18 and the dam body 1.

[0070] The construction method of the spillway of the emergency dam body 1 of the earth-rock dam comprises the following steps:

[0071] S1. Prepare for spillway construction based on natural conditions, soil properties, quality standards, total project volume, construction intensity, on-site working conditions, construction test results, and possible types of equipment and machinery. Prepare the materials and components required for construction, thereby determining the construction method and equipment, preparing the construction organization design, and reasonably arranging the construction sequence and progress.

[0072] According to the spillway design plan, the construction layout and chute excavation are carried out. The construction layout is carried out on the dam body 1 according to the spillway design plan, which should meet the relevant provisions of the "Design Specifications for Roller Compacted Earth-Rock Dams" (SL274-2020) and the "Construction Specifications for Roller Compacted Earth-Rock Dams" (DL / T 5129-2013). According to the designed spillway size, the line is laid out according to the central axis of the spillway, and the chute is excavated from the top of the weir downwards using an excavator, and then the details are manually trimmed and improved to ensure that the excavated spillway size is consistent with the designed size. The construction process should meet the requirements of the current specifications.

[0073] In order to increase the stability of the slope during slope excavation, it is necessary to combine the slope stability calculation to decide whether to set up a bridleway and determine parameters such as the slope ratio and bridleway width.

[0074] S2. After the chute is excavated, a second fixed groove 17 is excavated inside the chute, and the second fixed groove 17 corresponds to the first fixed hole 31, the second fixed hole 36, and the third fixed hole 37. The screw is rotated, and the screw drives the transmission plate 43 and the locking tube 41 to move upward through the thread transmission, and the locking plate 42 is bent outward. The locking tube 41 drives the transmission block 47 to move upward, and the transmission block 47 drives the bottom end of the locking tube 41 to bend outward under the action of the stopper 46. Cement mortar is injected into the second fixed groove 17, and the locking piece 18 is inserted into the second fixed groove 17, and the locking piece 18 is fixed in the cement mortar of the second fixed groove 17.

[0075] S3. Anti-seepage treatment is performed on the chute and the slope. The non-woven geotextile anti-filtration layer 10, the one-way permeable layer 9 of the one-way drainage geomembrane, and the non-woven geotextile drainage layer 8 are laid on the chute and the slope from bottom to top, and fixed on the chute and the slope by geo-nail. The locking piece 18 passes through the anti-filtration layer 10, the one-way permeable layer 9 and the drainage layer 8, and the perforations are sealed with cyanogel.

[0076] S4, lay the energy dissipation pool 5, the flow equalization prefabricated plate, the energy dissipation prefabricated plate and the inlet section 2 prefabricated plate in order from bottom to top on the chute, and use cyanogel to perform anti-seepage treatment on the joints. The support pipe 40 of the locking member 18 passes through the first fixing hole 31, the second fixing hole 36 and the third fixing hole 37, and the positioning plate 39 is threadedly connected to the top of the support pipe 40, and the positioning plate 39 is pressed tightly on the energy dissipation pool 5, the flow equalization prefabricated plate, the energy dissipation prefabricated plate and the inlet section 2 prefabricated plate. The connection between the locking member 18 and the prefabricated plate is sealed, and the sealing method can be to apply a waterproof film.

[0077] S5. Cast-in-place concrete construction or prefabricated panels are constructed above the energy dissipation pool 5, the flow-equalizing prefabricated panels, the energy dissipation prefabricated panels and the inlet section 2 according to the design of the slope protection 6 structure, and cyanogel is used for anti-seepage sealing at the joints. A protective layer 7 of COMPET material is laid on the upper surfaces of the energy dissipation pool 5, the flow-equalizing prefabricated panels, the energy dissipation prefabricated panels and the inlet section 2 prefabricated panels, and the COMPET material joints are connected by cyanogel, and the water inlet end of the COMPET material protective layer 7 is fixed to the water-facing surface of the dam body 1 by geo-nail.

[0078] S6. Dig a first fixed groove 14 on both sides of the chute, overlap the filter layer 10, the one-way permeable layer 9, the drainage layer 8 and the protective layer 7 in the first fixed groove 14, and fix the pressure plate 13 in the first fixed groove 14 by fixing nails 15.

[0079] S7. Inside the chute, a clay layer 11 is laid on top of the protective layer 7, and the dam body 1 is backfilled on top of the clay layer 11, and compacted according to the dam body compaction control index; the construction is completed.

[0080] The spillway is used as an emergency spillway in the earth-rock dam. When the spillway is needed to discharge flood water, the spillway is excavated to remove the backfill layer 12 and the clay layer 11.

[0081] Earth-rock materials are very afraid of water erosion. In traditional hydraulic structure design, it is not advisable to set a spillway on the earth-rock dam body. On the one hand, the present invention protects the dam body from water erosion and serves as a discharge function. On the other hand, the infiltration line in the dam body can be lowered by effective drainage, and the infiltration line in the dam body will not be raised due to the setting of an emergency spillway, thereby reducing the seepage safety of the dam body.

[0082] The spillway built on the earth-rock dam body can realize emergency discharge without affecting the normal water retaining function of the dam body. In normal use, it can play the water retaining function of the dam body. In emergency situations, the upper fill of the spillway can be removed to perform the function of emergency flood discharge.

[0083] Under the current background of frequent extreme climatic conditions and huge safety challenges faced by reservoir safety, the present invention has the important significance of protecting the safety of dams and the lives and property of people downstream. It is also an important transformation from the traditional dam body that cannot be equipped with water discharge structures to the dam body that can be equipped with water discharge structures. It can also promote the technical foundation of realizing the integration of dam body water retaining and flood discharge under the condition of difficult site selection and layout of reservoir projects.

[0084] Therefore, by adopting the emergency spillway of the earth-rock dam and its construction method and application described in the present invention, the anti-seepage structure realizes one-way drainage, effectively lowering the infiltration line of the dam body; the energy dissipation effect of the spillway is improved by setting the energy dissipation section and the flow equalization section; and the emergency spillway is set on the earth-rock dam to realize the function of emergency flood discharge without affecting the normal water retaining of the dam body.

[0085] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify or replace the technical solution of the present invention with equivalents, and these modifications or equivalent replacements cannot cause the modified technical solution to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. An emergency spillway of an earth-rock dam, characterized in that: It includes an inlet section, a flood discharge chute section and an energy dissipation pool which are arranged obliquely in sequence from upstream to downstream, the lower surfaces of the inlet section, the flood discharge chute section and the energy dissipation pool are paved with an anti-seepage structure, the upper surfaces of the inlet section, the flood discharge chute section and the energy dissipation pool are provided with a protective layer, and a backfill layer is provided above the protective layer; the flood discharge chute section includes a stepped energy dissipation section and a flow balancing section, the flow balancing section is connected to the inlet section through the energy dissipation section, and the energy dissipation section is connected to the energy dissipation pool through the flow balancing section.

2. The emergency spillway of an earth-rock dam according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anti-seepage structure comprises a drainage layer and an inverted filter layer, a one-way permeable layer is arranged between the drainage layer and the inverted filter layer, and the drainage layer, the one-way permeable layer and the inverted filter layer are all fixed on the dam body.

3. The emergency spillway of an earth-rock dam according to claim 2, characterized in that: The drainage layer and the filter layer are both non-woven geotextile layers, the one-way permeable layer is a one-way drainage geomembrane that drains water from the dam body to the spillway in one direction, and the protective layer is a COMPET material layer.

4. The emergency spillway of an earth-rock dam according to claim 3, characterized in that: The dam body is provided with grooves along the length direction of the spillway, the grooves are located on both sides of the spillway, the protective layer, the drainage layer, the one-way permeable layer and the filter layer are superimposed in the grooves, a pressure plate is provided in the groove, the pressure plate is pressed above the protective layer, the drainage layer, the one-way permeable layer and the filter layer, a fixing nail for fixing the pressure plate is provided on the pressure plate, a first fixing groove is provided at the bottom of the groove, the first fixing groove is filled with cement slurry, the fixing nail is fixed in the first fixing groove by the cement slurry, a pressing sheet for pressing the pressure plate is provided on the top of the fixing nail, the bolt is threadedly connected to the top of the fixing nail, and the bolt presses the pressing sheet against the upper surface of the pressing plate; one end of the protective layer is fixed on the water-facing slope of the dam body to protect the inlet section.

5. The emergency spillway of an earth-rock dam according to claim 4, characterized in that: The backfill layer is made of dam body soil, and the height of the backfill layer is not lower than the height of the dam body; a clay layer is arranged between the backfill layer and the protective layer.

6. The emergency spillway of an earth-rock dam according to claim 5, characterized in that: The energy dissipation section includes a plurality of energy dissipation prefabricated plates arranged in a stepped manner, the energy dissipation prefabricated plates are of a U-shaped structure, and at least one group of stepped first step surfaces and second step surfaces are arranged on the upper surface of the energy dissipation prefabricated plates, a plurality of inclined first guide plates are arranged on the upper surface of the first step surface, the first guide plates are arranged symmetrically on the first step surface, a plurality of water retaining plates are arranged on the first step surface along the length direction of the first step surface, a plurality of inclined second guide plates are arranged on the upper surface of the second step surface, the second guide plates are arranged symmetrically on the second step surface, the second guide plates are in an opposite inclination direction to the first guide plates, and a plurality of water retaining plates are arranged on the second step surface along the length direction of the second step surface; a first arc-shaped overhanging eaves bent upward is arranged at the water outlet end of the first step surface, and a second arc-shaped overhanging eaves bent upward is arranged at the water outlet end of the second step surface.

7. The emergency spillway of an earth-rock dam according to claim 6, characterized in that: A fixing block is arranged at the lower part of the side plate of the energy dissipation prefabricated plate. The fixing block is an arc-shaped structure. A plurality of energy dissipation plates inclined upward are arranged on the fixing block. The water-facing surface of the energy dissipation plate is a downwardly concave arc surface. A first positioning groove is arranged at the top of the energy dissipation prefabricated plate for positioning the energy dissipation prefabricated plate above it, and a plurality of water flow grooves for discharging the infiltrated water are arranged at the bottom of the energy dissipation prefabricated plate. A first fixing hole is arranged on the energy dissipation prefabricated plate, and a locking member passes through the first fixing hole to fix the energy dissipation prefabricated plate on the dam body.

8. The emergency spillway of an earth-rock dam according to claim 7, characterized in that: The flow equalizing section includes a plurality of flow equalizing prefabricated plates distributed in a stepped manner, the flow equalizing prefabricated plates include a stepped third step surface and a fourth step surface, the third step surface and the fourth step surface are both provided with staggered energy dissipation piles, the water outlet end of the third step surface is provided with a third overhanging eave bent upward, and the water outlet end of the fourth step surface is provided with a fourth overhanging eave bent upward; a second positioning groove is provided at the top of the flow equalizing prefabricated plate for positioning the flow equalizing prefabricated plate or the energy dissipation prefabricated plate above it, and a plurality of water troughs for discharging infiltrated water are provided below the flow equalizing prefabricated plate; a second fixing hole is provided on the flow equalizing prefabricated plate, and a locking member passes through the second fixing hole to fix the flow equalizing prefabricated plate on the dam body.

9. The emergency spillway of an earth-rock dam according to claim 8, characterized in that: The water outlet end of the energy dissipation pool is a bell-mouth structure, and the water outlet end of the bell-mouth is provided with an upwardly bent arc-shaped water guide plate, which throws water upward to dissipate energy; a third fixing hole is provided on the energy dissipation pool, and a locking piece passes through the third fixing hole to fix the energy dissipation pool on the dam body.

10. The emergency spillway of an earth-rock dam according to claim 9, characterized in that: The locking member includes a support tube, which is inserted into the first fixing hole, the second fixing hole or the third fixing hole. A locking tube is arranged below the support tube, and a plurality of locking plates are arranged between the support tube and the locking tube. A plurality of dividing grooves are arranged at the bottom of the locking tube. A transmission structure is arranged inside the support tube to drive the locking plate and the bottom of the locking tube to bend outward. The locking plate and the locking tube are both located in the second fixing groove. The second fixing groove is arranged on the dam body. The interior of the second fixing groove is filled with cement mortar. The top end of the support tube is threadedly connected with a positioning plate.

11. The emergency spillway of an earth-rock dam according to claim 10, characterized in that: The transmission structure includes a stud, which is rotatably connected to a support tube, a transmission plate is provided at the top end of a locking tube, the transmission plate is threadedly connected to the stud, a truncated cone-shaped stopper is provided at the bottom end of the stud, a transmission block is provided at the bottom end of the locking tube, and an end of the transmission block close to the stopper is an inclined surface with the same inclination direction as the side surface of the stopper.

12. A construction method for an emergency spillway of an earth-rock dam according to claim 11, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Carry out construction layout and excavation of chute; S2. After the chute is excavated, a second fixed groove is excavated inside the chute. The second fixed groove corresponds to the first fixed hole, the second fixed hole, and the third fixed hole one by one. The screw is rotated. The screw drives the transmission plate and the locking tube to move upward through the thread transmission. The locking plate is bent outward. The locking tube drives the transmission block to move upward. The transmission block drives the bottom end of the locking tube to bend outward under the action of the stopper. Cement mortar is injected into the second fixed groove, and the locking piece is inserted into the second fixed groove. The locking piece is fixed in the cement mortar of the second fixed groove; S3. Perform anti-seepage treatment on the chute and the slope. Lay the non-woven geotextile anti-filtration layer, the one-way permeable layer of the one-way drainage geomembrane, and the non-woven geotextile drainage layer on the chute and the slope from bottom to top, and fix them on the chute and the slope with geo-nail; the locking piece passes through the anti-filtration layer, the one-way permeable layer and the drainage layer, and the perforation is sealed with cyanogel; S4. Lay the stilling basin, the flow-averaging prefabricated plate, the energy dissipation prefabricated plate and the inlet section prefabricated plate on the chute from bottom to top, and use cyanogel to perform anti-seepage treatment on the joints; the support pipe of the locking member passes through the first fixing hole, the second fixing hole and the third fixing hole, and the positioning plate is threadedly connected to the top of the support pipe, and the positioning plate is pressed on the stilling basin, the flow-averaging prefabricated plate, the energy dissipation prefabricated plate and the inlet section prefabricated plate; S5. Cast-in-place concrete construction or laying of precast panels is carried out above the energy dissipation basin, flow-equalizing precast panels, energy dissipation precast panels and inlet section according to the slope protection structure design, and cyanogel is used for anti-seepage sealing at the joints; a protective layer of COMPET material is laid on the surface of the energy dissipation basin, flow-equalizing precast panels, energy dissipation precast panels and inlet section precast panels, and the joints of the COMPET material are connected by cyanogel, and the water inlet end of the COMPET material protective layer is fixed on the water-facing surface of the dam body by geo-nail; S6. Dig a first fixed groove on both sides of the chute, stack the filter layer, the one-way permeable layer, the drainage layer and the protective layer in the first fixed groove, and fix the pressing plate in the first fixed groove by fixing nails; S7. Inside the chute, lay a clay layer above the protective layer, and backfill the clay layer with dam body soil, compacting it according to the dam body compaction control index; complete the construction.

13. The emergency spillway of an earth-rock dam according to claim 11, characterized in that: The spillway is used as an emergency spillway in an earth-rock dam.

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