Photoelectric liquid level sensor with water drop eliminating structure

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of photoelectric liquid level sensors, in particular to a photoelectric liquid level sensor with a water drop eliminating structure, which comprises a mounting frame, a screw block is slidably connected to one side of the mounting frame, an assembly plate is fixedly connected to one side of the screw block, and a detector and a cone lens are mounted on the mounting block. A first motor on an assembling plate is used for driving a driving rod to rotate, the driving rod drives a first tooth cone to rotate, the first tooth cone drives a second tooth cone to rotate, and the second tooth cone drives a transmission rod to rotate, so that a pushing assembly is driven to work, a mounting block is driven by the pushing assembly to intermittently vibrate on the assembling plate, and the cone lens is accelerated to slide off from a cylinder; the photoelectric liquid level sensor is simple in structure and convenient to use, water drops on the cylinder are accelerated to fall, and light signals received by the photoelectric liquid level sensor subsequently can be ensured to be more accurate by effectively removing the water drops, so that the liquid level measurement precision is improved, and the detection precision and reliability of the photoelectric liquid level sensor are greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of photoelectric liquid level sensors, in particular to a photoelectric liquid level sensor with a water droplet eliminating structure. Background Art

[0002] The photoelectric liquid level sensor is an advanced liquid level detection device. It works on the principle of optical sensing and has many advantages such as simple structure, high positioning accuracy, high sensitivity, corrosion resistance, low power consumption, and small size. With the continuous development of optoelectronic technology, photoelectric liquid level sensors are used more and more widely in the field of liquid level detection. The photoelectric liquid level sensor is composed of a transparent cone lens, a light transmitter, and a light receiver. When the liquid level of the liquid to be measured that has passed through the transparent cone lens drops, due to the surface tension of the liquid, the liquid to be measured will form water droplets on the tip of the cone of the transparent cone lens. In order to cope with this phenomenon, the existing technology installs a water drop elimination structure at the photoelectric liquid level sensor for processing.

[0003] For example, a Chinese patent with publication number CN216621368U discloses a photoelectric liquid level sensor with a water-removing bead structure, including a cylinder with a cavity inside, the bottom of the cylinder having a bottom opening connected to the cavity, a detector for detecting the liquid level of the measured liquid in the cavity, the detector having a downward pointed tip, a water-removing bead structure is provided below the detector, and the water-removing bead structure abuts against the pointed tip.

[0004] The above-mentioned public patent installs a cylinder at the transparent cone lens, and water droplets can flow down quickly along the circumferential direction of the cylinder, shortening the residence time of water droplets at the cone tip and improving the detection sensitivity. However, the water droplet elimination structure still has some defects that need to be improved. It only relies on the guiding effect of the cylinder to achieve comprehensive removal of water droplets on the surface of the transparent cone lens, and the effect is not satisfactory. If the surface material of the cylinder is not smooth enough, the possibility of water droplets adhesion will increase. If the surface of the transparent cone lens is too rough or scratched, the possibility of water droplets adhesion to the transparent cone lens will also increase. Therefore, a considerable number of water droplets will still stubbornly adhere to the lens surface. These residual water droplets will undoubtedly constitute a non-negligible interference to the detection accuracy and reliability of the photoelectric liquid level sensor, thereby affecting the smooth progress of the entire detection process and the accuracy of the results. Summary of the invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a photoelectric liquid level sensor with a water droplet eliminating structure to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides a photoelectric liquid level sensor with a water bead eliminating structure, comprising a mounting frame, a screw block is slidably connected to one side of the mounting frame, a mounting plate is fixedly connected to one side of the screw block, a mounting block is installed on one side of the mounting plate, a first driving component is provided on one side of the mounting plate, a pushing component is provided on one side of the first driving component, the mounting block is installed on one side of the pushing component, a second driving component is provided on one side of the mounting frame, the screw block is slidably connected to the mounting frame through the second driving component, a detector is installed on one side of the mounting block, a cone lens is installed on one side of the detector, a cylinder is fitted and connected to one side of the cone lens, and the cylinder is installed inside the mounting block;

[0007] The first driving assembly includes a first motor, which is fixedly connected to one side of the inner part of the assembly plate, and an output end of the first motor is fixedly connected to a driving rod, one side of the driving rod is fixedly connected to a first tooth cone, one side of the first tooth cone is meshingly connected to a second tooth cone, one side of the second tooth cone is fixedly connected to a transmission rod, and one side of the pushing assembly is installed on the transmission rod.

[0008] Furthermore, a bracket is fixedly connected to one side of the transmission rod on the assembly plate, a shaft seat is fixedly connected to one side of the bracket, and one side of the transmission rod is rotatably connected to the assembly plate via the shaft seat.

[0009] Furthermore, the pushing assembly includes a cam plate, the cam plate is fixedly connected to a side of the transmission rod close to the second tooth cone, one side of the cam plate is movably connected to a cam block, a side of the assembly plate away from the cam block is fixedly connected to a first spring, and two first springs are provided, the top ends of the two first springs are fixedly connected to a linkage block, the side of the linkage block away from the first spring is fixedly connected to a guide rod, one side of the guide rod is slidably connected to the assembly plate, and one side of the guide rod is fixedly connected to one side of the cam block.

[0010] Furthermore, a guide sleeve is fixedly connected to one side of the assembly plate, one side of the guide rod is slidably connected to the guide sleeve, a circular ring is fixedly connected to one side of the cam plate in the assembly plate, and one side of the cam plate is embedded and slidably connected to the inside of the circular ring.

[0011] Furthermore, guide grooves are provided on both sides of the linkage block in the assembly plate, guide blocks are slidably connected inside the guide grooves, and one side of the guide block is fixedly connected to one side of the linkage block.

[0012] Furthermore, the second drive assembly includes a second motor, which is fixedly connected to the mounting frame, and an output end of the second motor is fixedly connected to a first gear, one side of the first gear is meshingly connected to a second gear, one side of the second gear is fixedly connected to a screw rod, the screw rod is rotatably connected to the inside of the mounting frame, and one side of the screw block is threadedly connected to the screw rod.

[0013] Furthermore, one side of the linkage block is fixedly connected to an insertion block, a slot is provided inside the mounting block, the slot is movably connected to the insertion block, second springs are installed on both sides of the slot in the mounting block, one side of the second spring is connected to a push block, one side of the push block is fixedly connected to a positioning rod, and one side of the positioning rod is movably connected to the insertion block.

[0014] Furthermore, third springs are installed on both sides of the detector in the installation block, one side of the third spring is connected to a wiping ring, and the wiping ring is slidably connected to the detector.

[0015] Furthermore, a stud is threadedly connected to one side of the mounting frame, a torsion block is fixedly connected to one side of the stud, and a positioning pad is fixedly connected to the other side of the stud.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] Firstly, in the present invention, a movable mounting block is provided on the assembly plate, the detector and the cone lens are mounted on the mounting block, the first motor on the assembly plate is used to drive the driving rod to rotate, the driving rod drives the first gear cone to rotate, the first gear cone drives the second gear cone to rotate, the second gear cone drives the transmission rod to rotate, thereby driving the pushing component to work, and the pushing component drives the mounting block to vibrate intermittently on the assembly plate, thereby accelerating the cone lens to slide off the cylinder and accelerating the falling of water droplets on the cylinder. By effectively removing these water droplets, it can be ensured that the light signal received by the subsequent photoelectric liquid level sensor is more accurate, thereby improving the accuracy of liquid level measurement, and greatly improving the detection accuracy and reliability of the photoelectric liquid level sensor.

[0018] Secondly, in the present invention, by installing a second drive component on the mounting frame, the second drive component is used to drive the screw block to slide on the mounting frame, so that the screw block drives the assembly plate to move, and the assembly plate drives the mounting block to move, so that the mounting block can drive the photoelectric liquid level sensor to move, which is convenient for removing the object to be measured, and further facilitates the maintenance of the cone lens of the photoelectric liquid level sensor. In addition, the second drive component can also adjust the working position of the photoelectric liquid level sensor, without the need for frequent manual disassembly and reinstallation, ensuring that the photoelectric liquid level sensor is always in the best working position, whether it is for precision measurement or daily maintenance, it can achieve unparalleled flexibility and accuracy, further improving the operational convenience and work efficiency of the entire system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of one side of the mounting frame in the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the mounting block and the assembly plate in the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the assembly plate structure in the present invention;

[0023] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the installation block structure in the present invention;

[0024] Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the enlarged structure at point A;

[0025] Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the enlarged structure at B;

[0026] Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 3 Enlarged structural diagram at C.

[0027] In the figure: 1, mounting bracket; 2, detector; 3, cone lens; 4, first drive assembly; 41, first motor; 42, drive rod; 43, first gear cone; 44, second gear cone; 45, transmission rod; 46, bracket; 47, shaft seat; 5, pushing assembly; 51, cam plate; 52, cam block; 53, guide rod; 54, linkage block; 55, first spring; 56, ring; 57, guide sleeve; 58, guide block; 59, guide groove; 6, screw block; 7, assembly plate; 8, mounting block; 9, second drive assembly; 91, second motor; 92, first gear; 93, second gear; 94, lead screw; 10, cylinder; 11, insert block; 12, slot; 13, positioning rod; 14, push block; 15, second spring; 16, third spring; 17, wiping ring; 18, stud; 19, torsion block; 20, positioning pad. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] See also Figure 1-Figure 8 In an embodiment of the present invention, a photoelectric liquid level sensor with a water droplet elimination structure includes a mounting frame 1, a screw block 6 is slidably connected to one side of the mounting frame 1, a mounting plate 7 is fixedly connected to one side of the screw block 6, a mounting block 8 is installed on one side of the mounting plate 7, a first driving component 4 is provided on one side of the mounting plate 7, a pushing component 5 is provided on one side of the first driving component 4, the mounting block 8 is installed on one side of the pushing component 5, a second driving component 9 is provided on one side of the mounting frame 1, the screw block 6 is slidably connected to the mounting frame 1 through the second driving component 9, a detector 2 is installed on one side of the mounting block 8, a cone lens 3 is installed on one side of the detector 2, the detector 2 and the cone lens 3 structure form a photoelectric liquid level sensor, a cylinder 10 is fitted and connected to one side of the cone lens 3, the cylinder 10 can drain water drops at the cone lens 3, the cylinder 10 is installed inside the mounting block 8, the first driving component 4 includes a first motor 41, the first motor 41 is fixedly connected to one side of the inner side of the mounting plate 7, the first The output end of the motor 41 is fixedly connected to a driving rod 42, one side of the driving rod 42 is fixedly connected to a first tooth cone 43, one side of the first tooth cone 43 is meshedly connected to a second tooth cone 44, one side of the second tooth cone 44 is fixedly connected to a transmission rod 45, one side of the pushing component 5 is installed on the transmission rod 45, and the first motor 41 on the assembly plate 7 is used to drive the driving rod 42 to rotate, and the first tooth cone 43 is driven to rotate by the driving rod 42, the first tooth cone 43 drives the second tooth cone 44 to rotate, and the second tooth cone 44 drives the transmission rod 45 to rotate, thereby driving the pushing component 5 to work; after improvement, it can avoid the problem that residual water droplets affect the detection accuracy of the photoelectric liquid level sensor, cause false alarms or fault shutdowns, etc., can ensure the stability and continuity of the detection process, reduce production interruptions caused by equipment failures, and avoid long-term residual water droplets that may accelerate the corrosion and aging of the cone lens 3, shorten the service life of the photoelectric liquid level sensor, protect the cone lens 3 from damage, extend the service life of the photoelectric liquid level sensor, and reduce replacement and maintenance costs.

[0030] See also Figure 6 A bracket 46 is fixedly connected to one side of the transmission rod 45 on the assembly plate 7, and a shaft seat 47 is fixedly connected to one side of the bracket 46. One side of the transmission rod 45 is rotatably connected to the assembly plate 7 through the shaft seat 47; the bracket 46 and the shaft seat 47 fixedly connected on the assembly plate 7 realize a stable rotation connection of the transmission rod 45, ensuring that the transmission rod 45 can remain stable when transmitting power without deviation or shaking, thereby improving the stability of the entire transmission system.

[0031] See also Figure 4 and Figure 7The pushing assembly 5 includes a cam plate 51, which is fixedly connected to a side of the transmission rod 45 close to the second tooth cone 44. A cam block 52 is movably connected to one side of the cam plate 51. A first spring 55 is fixedly connected to a side of the assembly plate 7 away from the cam block 52, and two first springs 55 are provided. The top ends of the two first springs 55 are fixedly connected to a linkage block 54. A guide rod 53 is fixedly connected to a side of the linkage block 54 away from the first spring 55. One side of the guide rod 53 is slidably connected to the assembly plate 7, and one side of the guide rod 53 is fixedly connected to one side of the cam block 52. By setting the pushing assembly 5, when the transmission rod 45 rotates, the cam plate 51 is driven to rotate, and then the cam block 52 is reciprocated under the action of the cam plate 51. The linkage block 54 is connected to the assembly plate 7 through the first spring 55. When the cam block 52 moves, the linkage block 54 and the guide rod 53 are driven to slide in the assembly plate 7. This design realizes the reciprocating vibration of the linkage block 54, which provides power for the subsequent removal of water droplets on the housing of the detector 2.

[0032] See also Figure 6 A guide sleeve 57 is fixedly connected to one side of the assembly plate 7, and one side of the guide rod 53 is slidably connected to the guide sleeve 57. A ring 56 is fixedly connected to one side of the cam plate 51 in the assembly plate 7, and one side of the cam plate 51 is embedded and slidably connected to the inside of the ring 56; the guide rod 53 is slidably connected to the assembly plate 7 through the guide sleeve 57, and at the same time, one side of the cam plate 51 is embedded and slidably connected to the inside of the ring 56. This design further enhances the stability of the movement of the cam plate 51 and the linkage block 54, ensuring the stable vibration of the mounting block 8.

[0033] See also Figure 7 Guide grooves 59 are provided on both sides of the linkage block 54 in the assembly plate 7, and guide blocks 58 are slidably connected inside the guide grooves 59, and one side of the guide block 58 is fixedly connected to one side of the linkage block 54; by providing the guide grooves 59 and the guide blocks 58, the stability and accuracy of the linkage block 54 during the movement are ensured, and the linkage block 54 is prevented from being offset or stuck during the movement, thereby further improving the stability of the entire system.

[0034] See also Figure 1The second driving assembly 9 includes a second motor 91, which is fixedly connected to the mounting frame 1, and the output end of the second motor 91 is fixedly connected to a first gear 92, one side of the first gear 92 is meshedly connected to a second gear 93, and one side of the second gear 93 is fixedly connected to a screw rod 94, which is rotatably connected to the inside of the mounting frame 1, and one side of the screw block 6 is threadedly connected to the screw rod 94; by setting the second driving assembly 9, when the second motor 91 rotates, the screw rod 94 is driven to rotate through the gear transmission, and then the screw block 6 slides on the screw rod 94. This design realizes the movement of the mounting block 8 in the vertical direction, which is convenient for adjusting the working position of the liquid level sensor and performing maintenance, thereby improving the flexibility of the installation of the liquid level sensor and the convenience of maintenance.

[0035] See also Figure 5 and Figure 7 , one side of the linkage block 54 is fixedly connected with an insert block 11, a slot 12 is provided inside the mounting block 8, the slot 12 is movably connected with the insert block 11, and second springs 15 are installed on both sides of the slot 12 in the mounting block 8, one side of the second spring 15 is connected with a push block 14, one side of the push block 14 is fixedly connected with a positioning rod 13, and one side of the positioning rod 13 is movably connected with the insert block 11; when the mounting block 8 needs to be removed, the push block 14 is pushed, the push block 14 causes the second spring 15 to deform, the push block 14 drives the positioning rod 13 to move, and the positioning rod 13 leaves the insert block 11, at this time the insert block 11 and the slot 12 are no longer fixed, and the mounting block 8 can be removed, thereby facilitating the subsequent maintenance of the liquid level sensor and facilitating the reinstallation work after maintenance.

[0036] See also Figure 8 A third spring 16 is installed on both sides of the detector 2 in the mounting block 8, and a wiping ring 17 is connected to one side of the third spring 16, and the wiping ring 17 is slidably connected to the detector 2; by setting the third spring 16 and the wiping ring 17, after the mounting block 8 vibrates, the third spring 16 will also vibrate, thereby driving the wiping ring 17 to vibrate, thereby removing water droplets on the outer casing of the detector 2 and preventing the retained water droplets from falling onto the conical lens 3 later.

[0037] See also Figure 1 A stud 18 is threadedly connected to one side of the mounting frame 1, a torsion block 19 is fixedly connected to one side of the stud 18, and a positioning pad 20 is fixedly connected to the other side of the stud 18; by rotating the torsion block 19, the torsion block 19 drives the stud 18 to rotate, so that the stud 18 drives the positioning pad 20 to move and contact the object to be measured, and the mounting frame 1 can be installed on the object to be measured, thereby realizing the rapid installation of the mounting frame 1.

[0038] The working principle of the present invention is: the mounting frame 1 is mounted on the object to be measured, the torsion block 19 is rotated to drive the stud 18 to rotate, the rotational movement of the stud 18 drives the positioning pad 20 to move, the positioning pad 20 is attached to the object to be measured to fix the mounting frame 1, and according to the position of the liquid level sensor, the second motor 91 is used to drive the first gear 92 to rotate, the first gear 92 drives the second gear 93 to rotate, the second gear 93 drives the screw rod 94 to rotate, and as the screw rod 94 rotates, the screw block 6 is driven to slide on the mounting frame 1, so that the screw block 6 drives the assembly plate 7 to move, and the assembly plate 7 drives the mounting block 8 to move, so as to adjust the working position of the liquid level sensor. Improve the flexibility of the installation of the liquid level sensor. When the water level to be measured drops, some water drops at the cone lens 3 will flow down along the circumferential direction of the cylinder 10. In this process, the first motor 41 on the assembly plate 7 is used to drive the driving rod 42 to rotate, and the first gear cone 43 is driven to rotate by the driving rod 42. The first gear cone 43 drives the second gear cone 44 to rotate, and the second gear cone 44 drives the transmission rod 45 to rotate. The transmission rod 45 drives the cam plate 51 to rotate. After the cam plate 51 rotates, it can drive the cam block 52 to move, so that the cam block 52 drives the guide rod 53 to slide stably under the action of the guide sleeve 57, and the guide rod 53 drives the bottom link The moving block 54 moves inside the assembly plate 7, and the linkage block 54 pushes the first spring 55 to deform. When the cam block 52 is not in contact with the cam plate 51, the first spring 55 is reset, so that the linkage block 54 vibrates back and forth to drive the liquid level sensor in the mounting block 8 to vibrate. When the mounting block 8 vibrates, the third spring 16 also vibrates, driving the wiping ring 17 to move, which can speed up the removal of water drops on the outer shell of the detector 2 and prevent the water drops on the outer shell of the detector 2 from falling on the cone lens 3. Therefore, the cone lens 3 is accelerated to slide off the cylinder 10 and the water drops on the cylinder 10 are accelerated to fall. By effectively removing these water drops, the subsequent light can be ensured. The light signal received by the electric liquid level sensor is more accurate, thereby improving the accuracy of liquid level measurement, greatly improving the detection accuracy and reliability of the photoelectric liquid level sensor. When the liquid level sensor needs to be maintained, the second motor 91 is used again to drive the first gear 92 to rotate, the first gear 92 drives the second gear 93 to rotate, and the second gear 93 drives the screw rod 94 to rotate, so that the screw block 6 can be driven to slide on the mounting frame 1, so that the mounting block 8 moves upward and leaves the area to be measured, and then the push block 14 is pushed. The push block 14 deforms the second spring 15, drives the positioning rod 13 to leave the plug block 11, and then it is removed outward to maintain the liquid level sensor.

Claims

1. A photoelectric liquid level sensor with a water droplet elimination structure, characterized in that: The invention comprises a mounting frame, a screw block is slidably connected to one side of the mounting frame, a mounting plate is fixedly connected to one side of the screw block, a mounting block is installed on one side of the mounting plate, a first driving component is provided on one side of the mounting plate, a pushing component is provided on one side of the first driving component, the mounting block is installed on one side of the pushing component, a second driving component is provided on one side of the mounting frame, the screw block is slidably connected to the mounting frame through the second driving component, a detector is installed on one side of the mounting block, a cone lens is installed on one side of the detector, a cylinder is fittedly connected to one side of the cone lens, and the cylinder is installed inside the mounting block; The first driving assembly includes a first motor, which is fixedly connected to one side of the inner part of the assembly plate, and an output end of the first motor is fixedly connected to a driving rod, one side of the driving rod is fixedly connected to a first tooth cone, one side of the first tooth cone is meshingly connected to a second tooth cone, one side of the second tooth cone is fixedly connected to a transmission rod, and one side of the pushing assembly is installed on the transmission rod.

2. The photoelectric liquid level sensor with a water bead eliminating structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A bracket is fixedly connected to one side of the assembly plate located on the transmission rod, and a shaft seat is fixedly connected to one side of the bracket. One side of the transmission rod is rotatably connected to the assembly plate through the shaft seat.

3. The photoelectric liquid level sensor with a water bead eliminating structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pushing assembly includes a cam plate, which is fixedly connected to a side of the transmission rod close to the second tooth cone, one side of the cam plate is movably connected to a cam block, a side of the assembly plate away from the cam block is fixedly connected to a first spring, and two first springs are provided, the top ends of the two first springs are fixedly connected to a linkage block, the side of the linkage block away from the first spring is fixedly connected to a guide rod, one side of the guide rod is slidably connected to the assembly plate, and one side of the guide rod is fixedly connected to one side of the cam block.

4. The photoelectric liquid level sensor with a water bead eliminating structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: One side of the assembly plate is fixedly connected with a guide sleeve, and one side of the guide rod is slidably connected with the guide sleeve.

5. The photoelectric liquid level sensor with a water bead eliminating structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: A circular ring is fixedly connected to one side of the cam plate in the assembly plate, and one side of the cam plate is embedded in and slidably connected to the inside of the circular ring.

6. The photoelectric liquid level sensor with a water bead eliminating structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: Guide grooves are provided on both sides of the linkage block in the assembly plate, guide blocks are slidably connected inside the guide grooves, and one side of the guide block is fixedly connected to one side of the linkage block.

7. The photoelectric liquid level sensor with a water bead eliminating structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second driving assembly includes a second motor, which is fixedly connected to the mounting frame, and an output end of the second motor is fixedly connected to a first gear, one side of the first gear is meshedly connected to a second gear, one side of the second gear is fixedly connected to a screw rod, the screw rod is rotatably connected to the inside of the mounting frame, and one side of the screw block is threadedly connected to the screw rod.

8. The photoelectric liquid level sensor with a water bead eliminating structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: One side of the linkage block is fixedly connected with an insertion block, a slot is provided inside the mounting block, the slot is movably connected to the insertion block, second springs are installed on both sides of the slot in the mounting block, one side of the second spring is connected with a push block, one side of the push block is fixedly connected with a positioning rod, and one side of the positioning rod is movably connected to the insertion block.

9. The photoelectric liquid level sensor with a water bead eliminating structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A third spring is installed on both sides of the detector in the installation block, one side of the third spring is connected with a wiping ring, and the wiping ring is slidably connected to the detector.

10. The photoelectric liquid level sensor with a water bead eliminating structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A stud is threadedly connected to one side of the mounting frame, a torsion block is fixedly connected to one side of the stud, and a positioning pad is fixedly connected to the other side of the stud.

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