A punch-slide composite fretting corrosion testing machine suitable for high-temperature lead-bismuth environments

Abstract

The present invention discloses a composite fretting corrosion tester for impact and sliding in a high-temperature lead-bismuth environment, comprising a test bench, a lead-bismuth pipeline, a test kettle, a melting kettle, an excitation system, and a gas control system. The lead-bismuth pipeline is connected to the bottom of the test kettle and the melting kettle, respectively. A clamping assembly is provided inside the test kettle. The excitation system comprises a signal generator, a power amplifier 1, a power amplifier 2, an exciter 1, an exciter 2, and an excitation fixture. The clamping assembly comprises an upper support plate, a plate sample fixture, a tube sample, a tube sample fixture, a cantilever rod, a cantilever rod fixture, a lower support plate, a rotating block, and a movable pin. The present invention adopts the above-mentioned composite fretting corrosion tester for impact and sliding in a high-temperature lead-bismuth environment to solve the problem that existing experimental equipment is difficult to conduct fretting corrosion tests in the composite motion mode of impact and sliding in a lead-bismuth environment, and is unable to fully study the fretting corrosion behavior.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of micro-motion testing in a high-temperature lead-bismuth environment, and in particular to an impact-sliding composite fretting corrosion testing machine suitable for use in a high-temperature lead-bismuth environment. Background Art

[0002] Lead-cooled fast reactors (LFRs), one of the key candidates for next-generation nuclear energy systems, use lead or lead-bismuth alloys as coolant. These coolants, with their high density, excellent thermal conductivity, and wide operating temperature range, can effectively improve reactor efficiency and safety. However, the highly corrosive nature of LFRs poses a significant challenge to structural materials. Under high-temperature and high-velocity conditions, chemical reactions between the coolant and structural materials can lead to dissolution and corrosion of metal surfaces, compromising the integrity and durability of the structural materials. Furthermore, the flow of LFRs can cause fretting wear between some components and supports. This type of wear typically involves small relative motions at the contact surface, resulting in subtle damage but high destructive power, posing a serious threat to the safe operation of nuclear power plants. This wear accelerates LFR corrosion, exposing the material surface to not only chemical corrosion but also physical wear. The design and operation of LFRs require comprehensive consideration of both corrosion and wear to ensure long-term stable system operation and extend the service life of the materials. Therefore, research into the interplay between LFR corrosion and fretting wear, and the development of materials and protective measures capable of withstanding this complex environment, are crucial for the development of LFRs.

[0003] Currently, experimental methods used for nuclear reactor components susceptible to fretting wear and corrosion primarily focus on tangential slip wear, and most research is conducted in water or air environments. However, the combined motion of impact and slip in actual operating conditions exhibits a certain degree of randomness in both direction and velocity, making it difficult for existing equipment to effectively simulate the fretting wear and corrosion behavior in a realistic lead-bismuth environment. To address these experimental requirements, a high-temperature fretting corrosion experimental device with a random impact-slip mode is urgently needed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an impact-slip composite fretting corrosion testing machine suitable for high-temperature lead-bismuth environments, so as to solve the problem that existing experimental equipment is difficult to conduct fretting corrosion tests in impact-slip composite motion modes in lead-bismuth environments and cannot fully study fretting corrosion behavior.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides a punch-slide composite fretting corrosion tester suitable for use in a high-temperature lead-bismuth environment, comprising a test bench, a lead-bismuth pipeline, a test kettle, a melting kettle, an excitation system, and a gas control system. The lead-bismuth pipeline, the test kettle, the melting kettle, the excitation system, and the gas control system are respectively located on the test bench, the lead-bismuth pipeline is located at the bottom of the test bench, and is respectively connected to the bottom of the test kettle and the melting kettle. A clamping assembly is provided inside the test kettle, and four large shafts are welded on the outside of the test kettle at 90° intervals. Sleeve, the four large sleeves are respectively provided with four bellows pull rods A, B, C, and D at one end away from the test kettle, and the bellows pull rods each include a pull rod sleeve, a bellows and a pull rod, the excitation system includes a signal generator, a power amplifier 1, a power amplifier 2, an exciter 1, an exciter 2, and an excitation fixture, and both the exciter 1 and the exciter 2 are equipped with an excitation rod, and the clamping assembly includes an upper support plate, a plate sample fixture, a tube sample, a tube sample fixture, a cantilever rod, a cantilever rod fixture, a lower support plate, a rotating block, and a movable pin.

[0006] Preferably, the bellows is installed in the pull rod sleeve, the pull rod passes through the bellows, one end of the bellows is welded to the inner end surface of the pull rod sleeve, and the other end is welded to the pull rod, a brass gasket is installed between the pull rod sleeve and the large sleeve, and the pull rod sleeve and the large sleeve are tightly connected using bolts.

[0007] Preferably, the ends of the two adjacent bellows rods A and B away from the test kettle are each provided with a small sleeve, and a displacement sensor is installed inside the small sleeve. The ends of the two adjacent bellows rods C and D away from the test kettle are successively provided with an exciter end bearing accessory, a force sensor, and a connecting frame. A long hole is provided at the center position of the end of the connecting frame away from the force sensor, and the connecting frame is connected to the excitation rods on exciter one and exciter two respectively through the long hole.

[0008] Preferably, the outer wall of the test kettle is provided with a test kettle heating and insulation layer, the test kettle heating and insulation layer is embedded with a resistance wire, and the outer side of the melting kettle is provided with a melting kettle heating and insulation layer.

[0009] Preferably, six bolt holes are distributed on the inner diameter wall surface of the lower support plate, and the lower support plate is fixed to the bottom of the test kettle using bolts through the bolt holes.

[0010] Preferably, the cantilever rod fixture is installed in the middle of the lower support plate, a threaded hole is provided at the center of the cantilever rod fixture, and the cantilever rod is threadedly connected to the cantilever rod fixture through the threaded hole.

[0011] Preferably, a threaded hole is provided in the middle of the cantilever rod, and through holes are provided in the center of the tube sample fixture and the tube sample. The tube sample fixture is built into the tube sample, coaxially matched with the cantilever rod, and fixed to the cantilever rod through the threaded hole using a cylindrical head screw.

[0012] Preferably, the upper support plate structure is the same as the lower support plate structure and is fixed to the middle position of the test kettle using bolts.

[0013] Preferably, the plate sample fixture is U-shaped as a whole, including a rotating block, a plate sample clamp, and a plate sample. Pin holes are provided on both sides of the middle of the plate sample clamp. The rotating block is connected to the plate sample clamp through a movable pin, and the plate sample is installed on the rotating block of the plate sample fixture.

[0014] Preferably, the excitation fixture is installed at the upper end of the cantilever rod, and slots are provided on both sides of the excitation fixture. One end of the pull rod in the bellows pull rod is connected to the excitation fixture through a high-temperature bearing assembly. The signal of the signal generator is transmitted to exciter one and exciter two respectively through power amplifier one and power amplifier two.

[0015] The advantages and beneficial effects of the present invention using the above-mentioned impact-sliding composite fretting corrosion testing machine suitable for high-temperature lead-bismuth environments are:

[0016] 1. The present invention uses an exciter as a power source and designs a tube and plate sample clamping assembly that can perform impact-sliding composite motion. The cantilever rod and surrounding components are independent of each other, which improves the flexibility of the clamping assembly and the accuracy of the contact force and motion displacement measurement between the tube and plate samples.

[0017] 2. The present invention distributes two exciters vertically, and simultaneously applies mutually perpendicular forces to the cantilever rod, causing the cantilever rod to undergo a composite motion of impact and sliding, and ensures that the composite motion has certain random characteristics in terms of motion direction and motion speed. By installing a high-temperature bearing assembly at the end of the bellows pull rod connected to the displacement sensor and fitting the high-temperature bearing assembly with the excitation fixture, the displacement decomposition of the composite motion in the horizontal and vertical directions is achieved.

[0018] 3. The test system of the present invention consists of a test kettle, a heating and insulation layer, a bellows pull rod, and other parts. The bellows pull rod is rigidly connected to the exciter to reduce motion errors. The lead-bismuth pipeline controls the transmission of the lead-bismuth alloy. The heating and insulation layers of the test kettle and melting kettle can simultaneously provide heating, insulation, and related temperature control.

[0019] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a punch-slide composite fretting corrosion testing machine suitable for use in a high-temperature lead-bismuth environment;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a test kettle in a punch-slide composite fretting corrosion tester suitable for use in a high-temperature lead-bismuth environment;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a partial cross-sectional view of a test kettle in a punch-slide composite fretting corrosion tester suitable for use in high-temperature lead-bismuth environments;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the combination of a clamping assembly and an exciter in a punch-slide composite fretting corrosion tester suitable for use in a high-temperature lead-bismuth environment;

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a clamping assembly in a punch-slide composite fretting corrosion testing machine suitable for use in a high-temperature lead-bismuth environment;

[0025] Figure 6 An exploded diagram of a tube specimen and tube specimen fixture suitable for use in a punch-slide composite fretting corrosion testing machine in a high-temperature lead-bismuth environment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] 1. Test bench; 2. Lead-bismuth pipeline; 3. Melting kettle; 4. Signal generator; 5. Power amplifier 1; 6. Vibrator 2; 7. Power amplifier 2; 8. Air control system; 9. Vibrator 1; 10. Test kettle; 11. Connecting frame; 12. Vibrator end bearing accessories; 13. Bellows pull rod A; 14. Displacement sensor; 15. Small shaft sleeve; 16. Large shaft sleeve; 17. Force sensor; 18. Brass gasket; 19. Pull rod sleeve; 20. Bellows Bellows; 21. Pull rod; 22. Test kettle heating insulation layer; 23. Excitation rod; 24. Clamping assembly; 25. High-temperature bearing assembly; 26. Cantilever rod; 27. Excitation fixture; 28. Rotating block; 29. ​​Movable pin; 30. Plate specimen fixture; 31. Cantilever rod fixture; 32. Tube specimen; 33. Tube specimen fixture; 34. Upper support plate; 35. Lower support plate; 36. Bellows pull rod B; 37. Bellows pull rod C; 38. Bellows pull rod D. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0029] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in the present invention shall have the usual meanings understood by persons of ordinary skill in the field to which the present invention belongs. The words "first", "second" and similar terms used in the present invention do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. Words such as "include" or "comprise" mean that the elements or objects preceding the word include the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Words such as "connect" or "connected" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the object being described changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0030] Example 1

[0031] like Figure 1 As shown, a combined impact-slip fretting corrosion tester suitable for use in high-temperature lead-bismuth environments comprises a test bench 1, lead-bismuth piping 2, a test kettle 10, a melting kettle 3, an excitation system, and a gas control system 8. The lead-bismuth piping 2, test kettle 10, melting kettle 3, excitation system, and gas control system 8 are located on the test bench 1. A test kettle heating and insulation layer 22 is provided on the outer wall of the test kettle 10, embedded with a resistance wire. A melting kettle 3 heating and insulation layer is also provided on the outer side of the melting kettle 3.

[0032] The lead-bismuth pipeline 2 is located at the bottom of the test bench 1 and is connected to the bottom of the test kettle 10 and the bottom of the melting kettle 3 respectively. The lead-bismuth pipeline 2 is wrapped with a heating resistance wire to provide heating, insulation and related temperature control. Figure 2 As shown, four large shaft sleeves 16 are welded to the outside of the test kettle 10 at 90° intervals. Bellows tie rod A 13, bellows tie rod B 36, bellows tie rod C 37, and bellows tie rod D 38 are bolted to the four large shaft sleeves 16 respectively. Cooling water can flow through the large shaft sleeves 16 to provide temperature protection for the bellows tie rods. Figure 3 As shown, the bellows pull rod includes a pull rod sleeve 19, a bellows 20 and a pull rod 21. The bellows 20 is installed in the pull rod sleeve 19, and the pull rod 21 passes through the bellows 20. One end of the bellows 20 is welded to the inner end surface of the pull rod sleeve 19, and the other end is welded to the pull rod 21. A brass gasket 18 is installed between the pull rod sleeve 19 and the large sleeve 16, and the pull rod sleeve 19 and the large sleeve 16 are tightly connected with bolts.

[0033] Two adjacent bellows rods A 13 and B 36, not directly connected to the vibrator, are each equipped with a small bushing 15 at their ends facing away from the test kettle 10. The other two adjacent bellows rods C 37 and D 38 are each equipped with a vibrator-end bearing assembly 12, a force sensor 17, and a connecting frame 11, respectively, at their ends facing away from the test kettle 10. A displacement sensor 14 is mounted within the small bushing 15. The end of the vibrator-end bearing assembly 12 facing away from the bellows rod is equipped with a force sensor 17. The end of the force sensor 17 facing away from the vibrator-end bearing assembly 12 is equipped with a connecting frame 11. A long hole is provided at the center of the end of the connecting frame 11 facing away from the force sensor 17. The connecting frame 11 is connected to the excitation rods 23 on vibrators 1 and 2, respectively, through the long hole. Vibrators 1 and 2 are fixed to a base, and the mounting height ensures that the excitation rod 23 can be bolted to the connecting frame 11 in a horizontal position.

[0034] When the test kettle 10 is heated, the connection between the connecting frame 11 and the vibrator 1 9 and the vibrator 2 6 is loosened to provide space for the thermal deformation of the test kettle 10; when the temperature stabilizes, the connecting frame 11 is connected to the vibrator 1 9 and the vibrator 2 6 for subsequent tests; when the temperature drops, the connection between the connecting frame 11 and the vibrator 1 9 and the vibrator 2 6 is loosened again to provide deformation space for the cooling and contraction of the test kettle 10, thereby avoiding excessive tension and pressure on the vibrator 1 9 and the vibrator 2 6 caused by the thermal expansion and contraction of the test kettle 10.

[0035] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the test kettle 10 is provided with a clamping assembly 24 inside, which includes an upper support plate 34, a plate sample fixture 30, a tube sample 32, a tube sample fixture 33, a cantilever rod 26, a cantilever rod fixture 31, a lower support plate 35, a rotating block 28, and a movable pin 29. Six bolt holes are distributed on the inner diameter wall surface of the lower support plate 35, and bolts are used to fix the lower support plate 35 to the bottom of the test kettle 10 through the bolt holes. The cantilever rod fixture 31 is installed in the middle of the lower support plate 35, and a threaded hole is set at the center of the cantilever rod fixture 31. The cantilever rod 26 is threadedly connected to the cantilever rod fixture 31 through the threaded hole. Figure 6As shown, a threaded hole is provided in the center of the cantilever rod 26. Through holes are also provided in the centers of the tube sample fixture 33 and the tube sample 32. The tube sample fixture 33 is built into the tube sample 32, coaxially aligned with the cantilever rod 26, and secured to the cantilever rod 26 via the threaded holes using cylindrical head screws. The upper support plate 34 has the same structure as the lower support plate 35 and is bolted to the center of the test vessel 10. The plate sample fixture 30 is U-shaped as a whole and includes a rotating block 28, a plate sample fixture, and a plate sample. Pin holes are provided on both sides of the center of the plate sample fixture. The rotating block 28 is connected to the plate sample fixture via a movable pin 29. The plate sample is mounted on the rotating block 28 of the plate sample fixture 30 and maintained at the same height as the tube sample 32, allowing for linear contact between the plate sample and the tube sample 32.

[0036] The excitation system includes a signal generator 4, a power amplifier 1 5, a power amplifier 2 7, an exciter 1 9, an exciter 2 6, and an excitation fixture 27. Exciter 1 9 and exciter 2 6 are both provided with an excitation rod 23 inside. Figure 5 As shown, an excitation fixture 27 is mounted on the upper end of a cantilever rod 26. Excitation fixture 27 has slots on the sides corresponding to exciter 1 (9) and exciter 2 (6). The two bellows rods 13 near exciter 1 (9) and exciter 2 (6) are inserted into the slots of the excitation fixture 27 and connected. One end of the rod 21 in bellows rod A (13) and bellows rod B, which are connected to the small shaft sleeve 15, is connected to the excitation fixture 27 via a high-temperature bearing assembly 25. The high-temperature bearing assembly 25 is mounted on the ends of the rods 21 in bellows rods A and B (located inside the test kettle 10). This end extends through the side wall of the test kettle 10 and connects to the side of the excitation fixture 27. The side of the excitation fixture 27 is divided into a flat surface and a slotted surface. The high-temperature bearing assembly 25 fits tightly against the flat surface of the excitation fixture 27.

[0037] One end of the tie rod 21 among the bellows tie rod A 13, the bellows tie rod B 36, the bellows tie rod C 37, and the bellows tie rod D 38 is located inside the test kettle, and the other end is located outside the test kettle.

[0038] As exciter 1 (9) and exciter 2 (6) move, they transmit two perpendicular forces to cantilever 26, thereby driving tube specimen 32 on cantilever 26 into a combined impact-slip motion. Signals from signal generator 4 are transmitted to exciter 1 (9) and exciter 2 (6) via power amplifier 1 (5) and power amplifier 2 (7), respectively.

[0039] A signal generator outputs a specific excitation signal, which is amplified by a power amplifier and then input into the vibrator, enabling the vibrator to transmit different forms of excitation. When conducting fretting wear and corrosion experiments, the connecting frame 11 must first be bolted to the vibrator. Force sensors are installed between the connecting frame 11 and the bellows tie rods C 37 and D 38. The ends of the tie rods 21, located near the vibrator, are inserted into the slots of the excitation fixture 27. The bellows 20 on the tie rods 21 is maintained in a state of maximum compression, ensuring close contact between the tie rods 21 and the excitation fixture 27. Because the experimental displacement falls within the fretting range, the interference caused by the slight deformation of the bellows 20 on the accuracy of the experimental force can be ignored. During operation, the vibrator transmits two perpendicular forces to the cantilever rod 26 through the tie rod 21, causing the cantilever rod 26 to drive the tube specimen 32 to produce a composite motion. The contact between the tube and plate specimen exhibits a composite motion mode of impact and slip. Two rods 21, bellows rod A 13 and bellows rod B 36, are not connected to the exciter. One end of each rod 21 contacts the displacement sensor 14, and the other end is mounted with a high-temperature bearing assembly 25. The high-temperature bearing assembly 25 mates with the flat surface of the excitation fixture 27. The bellows 20 on the rods 21 also remains in a state of maximum compression. When the cantilever rod 26 undergoes a complex motion, the complex displacement is decomposed into mutually perpendicular displacement components by the two high-temperature bearing assemblies 25 and transmitted to the rods 21. The displacement sensor 14 at the end detects the displacement change data during the experiment.

[0040] The above method can realize the impact-slip composite fretting corrosion experiment under the excitation force of 0-100N. The contact force and displacement changes during the experiment can be obtained by sensors and recorded in the computer for further analysis.

[0041] The test bench 1, the lead-bismuth pipeline 2, the test kettle 10, the melting kettle 3, and the gas circuit control system 8 all adopt existing technologies.

[0042] During the fretting corrosion and wear test, the internal friction of the tester must remain stable, and force sensor 17 measures the friction during the specimen rubbing. Table 1 shows the tangential internal friction data at room temperature and no load, while Table 2 shows the internal friction data at 350°C and no load. The data in Tables 1 and 2 show very little difference between the raw data and the average value.

[0043] Table 1 Data of internal friction in the tangential direction at room temperature and no load

[0044]

[0045] Table 2 Data of tangential internal friction at 350℃ without load

[0046]

[0047] Therefore, the present invention adopts the above-mentioned impact-slip composite fretting corrosion testing machine suitable for high-temperature lead-bismuth environment to solve the problem that the existing experimental equipment is difficult to conduct fretting corrosion tests in the impact-slip composite motion mode and cannot fully study the fretting corrosion behavior in the lead-bismuth environment.

[0048] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify or replace the technical solutions of the present invention with equivalents, and these modifications or equivalent replacements cannot cause the modified technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A punch-slide composite fretting corrosion tester suitable for use in high-temperature lead-bismuth environments, comprising a test bench, lead-bismuth pipelines, a test kettle, a melting kettle, an excitation system, and a gas control system, characterized by: The lead-bismuth pipeline, test kettle, melting kettle, excitation system, and air control system are respectively located on the test bench; the lead-bismuth pipeline is located at the bottom of the test bench and is respectively connected to the bottom of the test kettle and the melting kettle; a clamping assembly is provided inside the test kettle; four large shaft sleeves are welded on the outside of the test kettle at 90° intervals; four large shaft sleeves are respectively provided with four bellows pull rods A, B, C, and D at one end away from the test kettle; the bellows pull rods each include a pull rod sleeve, a bellows, and a pull rod; the excitation system includes a signal generator, a power amplifier 1, a power amplifier 2, an exciter 1, an exciter 2, and an excitation fixture; the exciter 1 and the exciter 2 are both equipped with an excitation rod; the clamping assembly includes an upper support plate, a plate sample fixture, a tube sample, a tube sample fixture, a cantilever rod, a cantilever rod fixture, a lower support plate, a rotating block, and a movable pin; The ends of the two adjacent bellows rods A and B away from the test kettle are each provided with a small shaft sleeve, and a displacement sensor is installed inside the small shaft sleeve. The ends of the two adjacent bellows rods C and D away from the test kettle are provided with the exciter end bearing accessories, force sensors, and connecting frames in sequence. The center position of the end of the connecting frame away from the force sensor is provided with a long hole, and the connecting frame is connected to the excitation rods on the exciter 1 and the exciter 2 respectively through the long hole; The cantilever rod fixture is installed in the middle of the lower support plate, and a threaded hole is provided at the center of the cantilever rod fixture, and the cantilever rod is threadedly connected to the cantilever rod fixture through the threaded hole; A threaded hole is provided in the middle of the cantilever rod, and through holes are provided in the center of the pipe sample fixture and the pipe sample. The pipe sample fixture is built into the pipe sample and matched with the cantilever rod coaxially. A cylindrical head screw is used to fix it to the cantilever rod through the threaded hole; The plate sample fixture is U-shaped as a whole, including a rotating block, a plate sample fixture, and a plate sample. Pin holes are provided on both sides of the middle of the plate sample fixture. The rotating block is connected to the plate sample fixture through a movable pin, and the plate sample is installed on the rotating block of the plate sample fixture; The excitation fixture is installed at the upper end of the cantilever rod, and slots are provided on both sides of the excitation fixture. One end of the pull rod in the bellows pull rod is connected to the excitation fixture through a high-temperature bearing assembly. The signal of the signal generator is transmitted to exciter one and exciter two respectively through power amplifier one and power amplifier two.

2. The impact-sliding composite fretting corrosion testing machine suitable for use in a high-temperature lead-bismuth environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bellows is installed in the pull rod sleeve, the pull rod passes through the bellows, one end of the bellows is welded to the inner end surface of the pull rod sleeve, and the other end is welded to the pull rod. A brass gasket is installed between the pull rod sleeve and the large sleeve, and the pull rod sleeve and the large sleeve are tightly connected with bolts.

3. The impact-sliding composite fretting corrosion testing machine suitable for use in a high-temperature lead-bismuth environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer wall of the test kettle is provided with a test kettle heating and insulation layer, the test kettle heating and insulation layer is embedded with a resistance wire, and the outer side of the melting kettle is provided with a melting kettle heating and insulation layer.

4. The impact-sliding composite fretting corrosion testing machine suitable for use in a high-temperature lead-bismuth environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: Six bolt holes are distributed on the inner diameter wall surface of the lower support plate, and the lower support plate is fixed to the bottom of the test kettle using bolts through the bolt holes.

5. The impact-sliding composite fretting corrosion testing machine suitable for use in a high-temperature lead-bismuth environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper support plate has the same structure as the lower support plate and is fixed in the middle of the test kettle using bolts.

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