Device for detecting light transmittance of goggles lenses
By designing a lens transmittance detection device that can adjust the front and back linear movement and left and right rotation, the problems of complex operation, low efficiency and susceptibility to scratches in the prior art are solved, and an efficient and stable detection process is achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411952602.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-27
- Publication Date
- 2025-05-02
AI Technical Summary
The existing lens transmittance detectors are complex in operation and low efficiency during detection, and the lenses are easily affected by scratches, which affect subsequent use.
A light transmittance detection device for eye protection lens protection lenses is designed, through the adjustment component, the lens can be moved forward and backward in a linear manner and rotated left and right during detection, and the clamping component is used to stabilize the clamping lenses and avoid scratches during movement.
It improves the efficiency of light transmittance detection of eye protection lenses, reduces operational complexity, and avoids damage to the lens during the detection process, ensuring the quality of subsequent use.
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Figure CN119915781A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of lens transmittance detection, in particular to a device for detecting the transmittance of an eye protection lens. Background Art
[0002] Eye protection lenses usually refer to a type of eyeglass lens that is specially designed to protect the eyes, reduce eye fatigue, and improve visual comfort. The function of eye protection lenses is to filter harmful blue light, ultraviolet rays, and reduce eye fatigue through specific materials and coatings, protecting the eyes from harmful light in the environment.
[0003] As an important indicator to measure the quality of eye protection lenses, light transmittance directly affects their use effect and visual experience. Eye protection lenses need to be tested for light transmittance before use to determine whether they are qualified, and a detection device is required when testing the light transmittance of eye protection lenses. Existing lens transmittance testers do not position the lenses well, and require testers to hold the lenses for testing.
[0004] A patent application CN214174161U discloses a quartz lens transmittance detector, and the key points of its technical solution are: including a detection platform, and a switch is fixedly installed on the right side of the detection platform. In the quartz lens transmittance detector, the second electric push rods on the left and right sides are opened, so that the two limit frames move horizontally on the top of the storage base plate and are located on the left and right sides of the lens, and then the threaded rod is rotated by the rotating ring, and the threaded rod gradually moves downward while rotating, thereby pushing the lower pressure plate downward to make it close to the lens. At this time, the storage base plate gradually presses down the first telescopic rod and the extrusion spring, and the first telescopic rod and the extrusion spring in the compressed state push the storage base plate, so that the lens can be stably restricted on the storage base plate. During the process of the staff performing a series of tests, it is not easy to detach from the instrument, thereby greatly improving the safety and efficiency of the test, making the device more convenient and practical to use.
[0005] However, the above technology often has the following defects: when the existing lens transmittance tester is used to test other positions of the lens, it is necessary to lift the lower pressure plate and move the lens, and then press the lower pressure plate against the surface of the lens, which makes the operation complicated and reduces the efficiency of lens transmittance detection. At the same time, the lens is directly placed on the testing table, which makes it easy for the lens to be scratched during the movement, thereby affecting the subsequent use of the lens. For this reason, the present invention provides a light transmittance detection device for eye protection lenses. Summary of the invention
[0006] In order to make up for the deficiencies of the prior art, at least one technical problem raised in the background technology is solved.
[0007] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: the light transmittance detection device of the eye protection lens described in the present invention comprises a detector, a support plate is fixedly connected to the lower part of the front surface of the detector, and a connecting plate is arranged above the rear surface of the support plate;
[0008] An adjusting component is arranged inside the connecting plate, a U-shaped plate is arranged on the rear surface of the adjusting component, and a clamping component is arranged inside the U-shaped plate;
[0009] The adjustment component includes a through groove which is opened inside the connecting plate and passes through the left and right sides. The rear surface inside the through groove extends to the outside. An adjustment block is movably connected inside the through groove. An adjustment rod is fixedly connected to the rear surface of the adjustment block. The rear end of the adjustment rod is fixedly connected to the front surface of the U-shaped plate.
[0010] Preferably, a through-hole is provided inside the adjusting block, a support rod is fixedly passed through the through-hole, a through-type inner groove is provided inside the support rod, a through-hole is provided inside the through-hole, one side of the through-hole extends to the inside of the adjusting block, one side of the through-hole passes through the side surface of the adjusting block, a pull rod is slidably connected inside the through-hole, a spring three is sleeved on the outer surface of the pull rod, two ends of the spring three are respectively fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the through-hole and the outer surface of the pull rod, the end of the pull rod is located inside the inner groove and fixedly connected to a limiting block, the limiting block is slidably connected to the through-hole, and a limiting component is arranged between the inner groove and the inside of the through-groove.
[0011] Preferably, the limit assembly includes a limit groove that is opened on both the upper and lower surfaces of the inner groove, one side of the limit groove extends to the outside of the connecting plate, a guide groove is opened on one side of the inner groove, and guide blocks are slidably connected to the upper and lower parts of the guide groove, and a spring is fixedly connected between the two guide blocks. One side of the guide block is fixedly connected to a limit rod, the outer surface of the limit rod is fitted with the outer surface of the limit block, one end of the limit rod passes through the inner groove, and one end of the limit rod is fixedly connected to a limit plate, one side of the limit plate is fixedly connected to a limit pad, and one side of the limit pad is fitted with the inner wall of the limit groove.
[0012] Preferably, the outer surface of the limit block is arranged in an arc shape, the side of the limit rod that is in contact with the limit block is arranged in an inclined shape, and the cross-sections of the limit rod and the inner groove are both arranged in a rectangular shape.
[0013] Preferably, one end of the pull rod passes through the side surface of the adjustment block, and one end of the pull rod is fixedly connected to a handle plate.
[0014] Preferably, the clamping assembly includes sliding grooves opened on the left and right sides of the U-shaped plate, one side of the sliding groove extends to the outside, a limiting ring is fixedly connected to the inside of the sliding groove, a slider is slidably connected to the inside of the sliding groove, a spring is fixedly connected between the slider and the sliding groove, a clamping rod is fixedly connected to one side of the slider, one end of the clamping rod passes through the limiting ring, one end of the clamping rod is fixedly connected to a clamping plate, and one side of the clamping plate is fixedly connected to a clamping pad.
[0015] Preferably, the clamping plate and the clamping pad are both arranged in an arc shape, and the clamping pad and the limiting pad are both made of rubber material.
[0016] Preferably, it also includes a lifting assembly arranged inside the support plate, the connecting plate is slidably connected to the support plate through the lifting assembly, the lifting assembly includes a mounting groove opened inside the support plate, the upper side of one side of the mounting groove extends to the outside of the support plate, an electric lifting rod is fixedly installed on the lower surface of the mounting groove, the output end of the electric lifting rod is fixedly connected to a lifting block, and the lifting block is fixedly connected to the connecting plate.
[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:
[0018] 1. The device for detecting light transmittance of eye protection lenses described in the present invention can adjust the position of the lens clamped inside the U-shaped plate by adjusting the lens to move linearly forward and backward and to rotate left and right at the same time, and facilitates the adjustment of the detection position of the lens during detection. The clamped lens can be adjusted as needed to detect the center and edge of the lens, so that the device can increase the efficiency of light transmittance detection of the eye protection lenses without removing the clamped lens and then adjusting the detection position.
[0019] 2. The eyeglass lens transmittance detection device described in the present invention clamps the eyeglass lens to be detected by a clamping assembly, and then the lens clamped by the clamping assembly is supported by a support plate, a connecting plate and a U-shaped plate, and the clamped lens can be placed above the placement surface of the detector base, and avoids scratches on the lens when moving the detection position, thereby avoiding affecting subsequent use. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0020] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
[0021] Figure 1 is a stereogram of the present invention;
[0022] Figure 2 It is a left side view of the present invention;
[0023] Figure 3 It is a partial cross-sectional view of the present invention;
[0024] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A partial enlarged view of the middle part;
[0025] Figure 5 is a partial cross-sectional view of the connection plate in the present invention;
[0026] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 A partial enlarged view of point B in the middle;
[0027] Figure 7 is a partial cross-sectional view of a U-shaped plate in the present invention;
[0028] Figure 8 yes Figure 7 A partial enlarged view of point C in the middle.
[0029] In the figure: 1. detector; 2. support plate; 3. U-shaped plate; 4. clamping assembly; 41. clamping plate; 42. clamping pad; 43. slide groove; 44. spring one; 45. slider; 46. limit ring; 47. clamping rod; 5. connecting plate; 6. adjustment assembly; 61. adjustment rod; 62. through groove; 63. limit groove; 64. limit plate; 65. limit pad; 66. limit rod; 67. support rod; 68. through hole; 69. guide groove; 610. guide block; 611. spring two; 612. pull rod; 613. handle plate; 614. limit block; 615. spring three; 616. through hole; 617. inner groove; 618. adjustment block; 7. lifting assembly; 71. mounting groove; 72. lifting block; 73. electric lifting rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0030] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easy to understand, the present invention is further explained below in conjunction with specific implementation methods.
[0031] Embodiment 1: Figures 1 to 8 As shown, a light transmittance detection device for eye protection lenses according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises a detector 1, a support plate 2 is fixedly connected to the lower part of the front surface of the detector 1, and a connecting plate 5 is arranged above the rear surface of the support plate 2;
[0032] An adjusting component 6 is arranged inside the connecting plate 5, a U-shaped plate 3 is arranged on the rear surface of the adjusting component 6, and a clamping component 4 is arranged inside the U-shaped plate 3;
[0033] The adjustment component 6 includes a through slot 62 which is opened inside the connecting plate 5 and penetrates from left to right. The rear surface inside the through slot 62 extends to the outside. An adjustment block 618 is movably connected inside the through slot 62. An adjustment rod 61 is fixedly connected to the rear surface of the adjustment block 618. The rear end of the adjustment rod 61 is fixedly connected to the front surface of the U-shaped plate 3. When working, the bottom of the base of the detector 1 is firstly fitted with a flat desktop so that the device is placed firmly. After the device is placed firmly, the eye protection lens whose transmittance needs to be tested is placed inside the U-shaped plate 3, and The lens is clamped by the clamping assembly 4, and then the lens clamped by the clamping assembly 4 is supported by the support plate 2, the connecting plate 5 and the U-shaped plate 3, so that the clamped lens can be above the placement surface of the base of the detector 1, and avoid scratches on the lens when moving the detection position, thereby avoiding affecting subsequent use. When the detection position of the goggles needs to be adjusted, the position of the U-shaped plate 3 can be adjusted by the adjustment assembly 6, and the position of the U-shaped plate 3 can be adjusted by the adjustment block 618 and the adjustment rod 61 moving inside the through groove 62.
[0034] The adjusting block 618 is provided with a through hole 68, a support rod 67 is fixedly passed through the through hole 68, a through inner groove 617 is provided inside the support rod 67, a through hole 616 is provided inside the through hole 68, one side of the through hole 616 extends to the adjusting block 618, one side of the through hole 616 passes through the side of the adjusting block 618, a pull rod 612 is slidably connected inside the through hole 616, a spring 3 615 is sleeved on the outer surface of the pull rod 612, and two ends of the spring 3 615 are respectively connected to the inner wall of the through hole 616 and the outer surface of the pull rod 612 Fixedly connected, the end of the pull rod 612 is located inside the inner groove 617 and fixedly connected to the limiting block 614, the limiting block 614 is slidably connected to the through hole 616, and a limiting assembly is arranged between the inner groove 617 and the inside of the through groove 62; when working, the pull rod 612 is moved so that the pull rod 612 drives the limiting block 614 to move, and after the pull rod 612 moves, the spring three 615 is squeezed so that the spring three 615 has a rebound force, and then the rebound force of the spring three 615 facilitates the resetting of the pull rod 612, and the limiting assembly inside the inner groove 617 can be operated by moving the limiting block 614.
[0035] The limiting assembly includes a limiting groove 63 provided on both the upper and lower surfaces of the inner through groove 62, one side of the limiting groove 63 extends to the outside of the connecting plate 5, a guide groove 69 is provided on one side of the inner groove 617, and guide blocks 610 are slidably connected to the upper and lower parts of the guide groove 69, a spring 2 611 is fixedly connected between the two guide blocks 610, one side of the guide block 610 is fixedly connected to a limiting rod 66, the outer surface of the limiting rod 66 is in contact with the outer surface of the limiting block 614, one end of the limiting rod 66 passes through the inner groove 617, one end of the limiting rod 66 is fixedly connected to a limiting plate 64, one side of the limiting plate 64 is fixedly connected to a limiting pad 65, one side of the limiting pad 65 is fixedly connected to the inner side of the limiting groove 63 When working, the limiting block 614 squeezes the limiting rod 66 so that the limiting rod 66 can move, and the limiting rod 66 moves to drive the guide block 610 to slide inside the guide groove 69, and the guide block 610 stretches the spring 2 611 after sliding so that the spring 2 611 has a rebound force, and then the limiting rod 66 moves to drive the limiting plate 64 and the limiting pad 65 to fit and squeeze the inner wall of the limiting groove 63, and the adjustment block 618 can maintain a stable position inside the through groove 62. When it is necessary to adjust the detection position of the clamped lens, first let the limiting block 614 move to disengage from the squeezing of the limiting rod 66, and after the limiting rod 66 is separated from being squeezed, it passes through the guide block 610 under the action of the rebound force of the spring 2 611. The limiting plate 64 and the limiting pad 65 are moved by sliding, and after the limiting rod 66 moves, the limiting plate 64 and the limiting pad 65 are driven to move out of the contact with the inner wall of the limiting groove 63, so that the limiting plate 64 and the limiting pad 65 can be separated from the limit of the adjustment block 618, and then the U-shaped plate 3 can be moved forward and backward to adjust the detection position. When the U-shaped plate 3 is moved, a straight line movement back and forth can be performed. Since the limiting plate 64 and the limiting pad 65 are both arranged in a circular shape, the U-shaped plate 3 can also be rotated during adjustment so that the U-shaped plate 3 drives the adjusting rod 61 and the adjusting block 618 to rotate inside the through groove 62, and when rotating, the support rod 67, the limiting plate 64 and the limiting pad 65 will not limit the rotation of the adjusting block 618 inside the limiting groove 63. The open through groove 62 facilitates the rotation of the adjustment block 618 and the adjustment rod 61, so that the lens clamped inside the U-shaped plate 3 can be adjusted to rotate left and right while adjusting the front and rear linear movement, and it is convenient to adjust the detection position of the lens during detection, and the clamped lens can be adjusted as needed to detect the center and edge of the lens. At the same time, the elastic coefficient of spring two 611 is smaller than the elastic coefficient of spring three 615, so the limit rod 66 can be squeezed by the limit block 614. When the limit plate 64 and the limit pad 65 are completely removed from the limit groove 63, the adjustment block 618, the adjustment rod 61 and the connecting plate 5 can be disassembled, and the U-shaped plate 3 and the clamping assembly 4 can be disassembled for maintenance.
[0036] The outer surface of the limit block 614 is arranged to be in an arc shape, the side of the limit rod 66 that is in contact with the limit block 614 is arranged to be inclined, and the cross-sections of the limit rod 66 and the inner groove 617 are both arranged to be rectangular; when working, it is convenient for the limit block 614 to squeeze the limit rod 66, and at the same time, the rectangular limit rod 66 is inserted into the rectangular inner groove 617 to make the sliding stable.
[0037] One end of the pull rod 612 passes through the side surface of the adjustment block 618 , and one end of the pull rod 612 is fixedly connected to a handle plate 613 ; during operation, the handle plate 613 facilitates the movement of the pull rod 612 .
[0038] The clamping assembly 4 includes a slide groove 43 provided on the left and right sides of the U-shaped plate 3, one side of the slide groove 43 extends to the outside, a limit ring 46 is fixedly connected inside the slide groove 43, a slider 45 is slidably connected inside the slide groove 43, a spring 44 is fixedly connected between the slider 45 and the slide groove 43, a clamping rod 47 is fixedly connected to one side of the slider 45, one end of the clamping rod 47 passes through the limit ring 46, one end of the clamping rod 47 is fixedly connected to the clamping plate 41, and one side of the clamping plate 41 is fixedly connected to the clamping pad 42; when working, the clamping plate 41 and the clamping pad 42 are moved so that the clamping plate 41 drives the clamping rod 47 to move. After the clamping rod 47 moves, it passes through the limit ring 46 to drive the slider 45 to slide. Then, after the slider 45 slides, it squeezes the spring 44, and the spring 44 has a rebound force after being squeezed. Then, the lens to be tested is placed between the two clamping plates 41 and the clamping pad 42, and then the clamping plate 41 is slowly loosened so that the clamping plate 41 and the clamping pad 42 clamp the lens through the rebound force of the spring 44. At the same time, the lens clamped by the clamping assembly 4 supported by the support plate 2, the connecting plate 5 and the adjustment assembly 6 can be above the placement surface of the base of the detector 1, and scratches on the lens are avoided when moving the detection position, thereby avoiding affecting subsequent use.
[0039] The clamping plate 41 and the clamping pad 42 are both arranged in an arc shape, and the clamping pad 42 and the limiting pad 65 are both made of rubber material; when working, the clamping plate 41 and the clamping pad 42 are convenient for clamping the lens, and the clamping pad 42 and the limiting pad 65 made of rubber material have a better anti-slip effect, and make the clamping pad 42 clamp the lens more stably, and can make the friction between the limiting pad 65 and the limiting groove 63 larger when they are in contact, so that the limiting pad 65 can limit the adjustment block 618 more stably.
[0040] Embodiment 2: Figure 3 to Figure 4As shown, compared with Example 1, another embodiment of the present invention is: it also includes a lifting component 7 arranged inside the support plate 2, the connecting plate 5 is slidably connected to the supporting plate 2 through the lifting component 7, the lifting component 7 includes a mounting groove 71 opened inside the supporting plate 2, and the upper side of the mounting groove 71 extends to the outside of the supporting plate 2, and an electric lifting rod 73 is fixedly installed on the lower surface of the mounting groove 71, and a lifting block 72 is fixedly connected to the output end of the electric lifting rod 73, and the lifting block 72 is fixedly connected to the connecting plate 5; when working, when it is necessary to adjust the height of the connecting plate 5 and the U-shaped plate 3 and the lens clamped by the clamping component 4, the lifting and lowering can be performed by the lifting component 7, and then when the lifting component 7 is used, the electric lifting rod 73 is energized to make the electric lifting rod 73 work, and the electric lifting rod 73 drives the lifting block 72 to move after working, and then the movement of the lifting block 72 can drive the connecting plate 5 and the lens clamped inside the U-shaped plate 3 to lift and lower, and the height of the detected lens can be adjusted.
[0041] The above-mentioned front, back, left, right, top and bottom are all based on the figures in the specification. Figure 1 As a benchmark, according to the person's observation perspective, the side of the device facing the observer is defined as the front, the left side of the observer is defined as the left, and so on.
[0042] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0043] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. A device for detecting light transmittance of an eye protection lens, comprising a detector (1), a support plate (2) being fixedly connected below the front surface of the detector (1), and a connecting plate (5) being arranged above the rear surface of the support plate (2); Features: An adjusting component (6) is arranged inside the connecting plate (5), a U-shaped plate (3) is arranged on the rear surface of the adjusting component (6), and a clamping component (4) is arranged inside the U-shaped plate (3); The adjustment component (6) comprises a through groove (62) which is opened inside the connecting plate (5) and penetrates from left to right. The rear surface inside the through groove (62) extends to the outside. An adjustment block (618) is movably connected inside the through groove (62). The rear surface of the adjustment block (618) is fixedly connected to an adjustment rod (61). The rear end of the adjustment rod (61) is fixedly connected to the front surface of the U-shaped plate (3).
2. The light transmittance detection device for eye protection lenses according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjusting block (618) is provided with a through hole (68) inside, a support rod (67) is fixed inside the through hole (68), a through inner groove (617) is provided inside the support rod (67), a through hole (616) is provided inside the through hole (68), one side of the through hole (616) extends into the adjusting block (618), one side of the through hole (616) passes through the side of the adjusting block (618), and the through hole (616) is slidable inside. A pull rod (612) is movably connected, and a spring three (615) is sleeved on the outer surface of the pull rod (612). The two ends of the spring three (615) are respectively fixedly connected to the inner wall of the through hole (616) and the outer surface of the pull rod (612). The end of the pull rod (612) is located inside the inner groove (617) and fixedly connected to a limiting block (614). The limiting block (614) is slidably connected to the through hole (616), and a limiting component is arranged between the inner groove (617) and the inside of the through groove (62).
3. The light transmittance detection device for eye protection lenses according to claim 2, characterized in that: The limiting assembly comprises a limiting groove (63) provided on both the upper and lower surfaces of the inner through groove (62); one side of the limiting groove (63) extends to the outside of the connecting plate (5); one side of the inner groove (617) is provided with a guide groove (69); the upper and lower parts of the guide groove (69) are slidably connected with guide blocks (610); a second spring (611) is fixedly connected between the two guide blocks (610); one side of the guide block (610) is fixedly connected with a limiting rod (66); the outer surface of the limiting rod (66) is in contact with the outer surface of the limiting block (614); one end of the limiting rod (66) passes through the inner groove (617); one end of the limiting rod (66) is fixedly connected with a limiting plate (64); one side of the limiting plate (64) is fixedly connected with a limiting pad (65); one side of the limiting pad (65) is in contact with the inner wall of the limiting groove (63).
4. The light transmittance detection device for eye protection lenses according to claim 3, characterized in that: The outer surface of the limit block (614) is arranged in an arc shape, the side of the limit rod (66) that is in contact with the limit block (614) is arranged in an inclined shape, and the cross sections of the limit rod (66) and the inner groove (617) are both arranged in a rectangular shape.
5. The light transmittance detection device for eye protection lenses according to claim 4, characterized in that: One end of the pull rod (612) passes through the side surface of the adjustment block (618), and one end of the pull rod (612) is fixedly connected to a handle plate (613).
6. The light transmittance detection device for eye protection lenses according to claim 5, characterized in that: The clamping assembly (4) comprises a slide groove (43) provided on the left and right sides of the U-shaped plate (3), one side of the slide groove (43) extends to the outside, a limit ring (46) is fixedly connected to the inside of the slide groove (43), a slider (45) is slidably connected to the inside of the slide groove (43), a spring (44) is fixedly connected between the slider (45) and the slide groove (43), a clamping rod (47) is fixedly connected to one side of the slider (45), one end of the clamping rod (47) passes through the limit ring (46), one end of the clamping rod (47) is fixedly connected to a clamping plate (41), and one side of the clamping plate (41) is fixedly connected to a clamping pad (42).
7. The device for detecting light transmittance of eye protection lenses according to claim 6, characterized in that: The clamping plate (41) and the clamping pad (42) are both arranged in an arc shape, and the clamping pad (42) and the limiting pad (65) are both made of rubber material.
8. The device for detecting light transmittance of eye protection lenses according to claim 7, characterized in that: It also includes a lifting assembly (7) arranged inside the support plate (2), the connecting plate (5) is slidably connected to the supporting plate (2) through the lifting assembly (7), the lifting assembly (7) includes a mounting groove (71) opened inside the supporting plate (2), one side of the mounting groove (71) extending above to the outside of the supporting plate (2), an electric lifting rod (73) is fixedly installed on the lower surface of the mounting groove (71), the output end of the electric lifting rod (73) is fixedly connected to a lifting block (72), and the lifting block (72) is fixedly connected to the connecting plate (5).