Multi-air-chamber relaxation synchronous measurement method and device based on electromagnetic induction transparency

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of atomic gas chamber relaxation measurement, and provides a multi-gas chamber relaxation synchronous measurement method and device based on electromagnetic induction transparency. The objective of the invention is to solve the technical problems that the traditional atomic gas chamber relaxation time measurement method is low in efficiency and complex in equipment, and the accuracy and consistency of data are affected due to difficulty in synchronous measurement of a plurality of gas chambers under the same condition. According to the main scheme, the method comprises the following steps: establishing an electromagnetic induction transparency energy level system of alkali metal atoms by utilizing an electromagnetic induction transparency principle, determining transition energy levels of strong coupling light and weak detection light, dividing the coupling light and the detection light into multiple paths of light beams through a beam splitter, synchronously measuring relaxation time of a plurality of atomic gas chambers, and calculating the relaxation time of the atomic gas chambers. And carrying out data fitting according to a proposed transmitted spectrum fitting formula, and extracting fast relaxation time and slow relaxation time. According to the invention, the measurement efficiency and the accuracy and consistency of data are improved, the experimental device is simplified, and the cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of atomic gas chamber relaxation measurement, and in particular relates to a multi-gas chamber relaxation synchronous measurement method and device based on electromagnetic induction transparency. Background Art

[0002] Atomic gas cells are core components of high-precision quantum sensors such as atomic magnetometers and atomic gyroscopes, and their performance plays a crucial and decisive role in the sensitivity and stability of the measurement system. In these sensors, the atomic relaxation process in the gas cell directly affects the response speed, signal-to-noise ratio, and long-term stability of the overall system. Therefore, developing an efficient and accurate method to measure and monitor the relaxation mechanism of the gas cell is of great significance for ensuring and improving the performance of quantum sensors. After the atomic gas cell completes the inflation process, its overall performance parameters, especially the relaxation characteristics, need to be comprehensively measured and inspected. This is because even for gas cells produced in the same batch, due to slight differences in microstructure, atomic gas density, wall collision effects and other factors, there may be a certain degree of discreteness in the performance between gas cells. This performance difference not only affects the accuracy and stability of the sensor, but also brings challenges to subsequent matching and screening. In order to quickly compare and screen the performance of multiple gas cells in the same batch, it is particularly important to use a synchronous measurement method. Through multi-channel synchronous measurement technology, the relaxation process of multiple gas cells can be monitored and data collected in real time under the same external conditions. This method can not only greatly improve the efficiency of measurement and reduce the time spent on measuring individual gas chambers one by one, but also ensure the accuracy and consistency of the measurement results. In addition, by comparing the performance parameters of multiple gas chambers horizontally, high-quality gas chambers can be quickly screened out, providing high-quality basic components for the assembly of high-performance atomic magnetometers, atomic gyroscopes and other sensors.

[0003] Traditional relaxation time measurement methods include free induction decay, magnetic resonance broadening fitting, and transverse magnetic moment component ratio fitting in a rotating coordinate system. All three methods are based on the paramagnetic resonance principle of rubidium atoms, but a higher resonance frequency needs to be applied in actual operation. With the advancement of microwave measurement technology, the microwave magnetic field method has been derived, but this method requires a microwave cavity, which increases the cost and complexity of the experiment. In addition, longitudinal and transverse relaxation can also be extracted synchronously from the magnetic resonance linewidth and dispersion resonance curves, but this requires precise measurement of the magnetic resonance linewidth and the radio frequency field amplitude, and involves complex data processing.

[0004] In the study of transient electromagnetically induced transparency, the temporal characteristics of the relaxation process are the core elements to reveal the coherent evolution and dynamic behavior of the system. Therefore, this patent proposes to measure the relaxation time of the gas cell by using the transmission spectrum of the detection light after turning off the coupled light. In order to more clearly describe the temporal characteristics of the relaxation process, this patent introduces two parameters, fast relaxation time and slow relaxation time: the fast relaxation time mainly describes the initial stage in which the system quickly loses coherence, while the slow relaxation time characterizes the dynamic process in which the system gradually tends to stabilize on a longer time scale. These two time parameters provide key quantitative indicators for a deep understanding of the dynamic behavior of atomic systems. In order to further improve the accuracy of the measurement and the comparability of the data, multi-optical simultaneous measurement technology is introduced into the study of transient electromagnetically induced transparency. Multi-optical measurement can synchronously measure multiple atomic gas cells under the same experimental conditions, avoiding interference caused by fluctuations in the experimental environment or external noise, and ensuring the uniformity of the measurement conditions. This design makes the lateral comparison between gas cells clearer and more intuitive, which helps to quickly identify the differences in gas cell performance and their influencing factors. In addition, by synchronously collecting data through multiple optical paths, the experimental efficiency can be greatly improved, avoiding the accumulation of errors that may occur in traditional gas cell measurements one by one. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the technical problems that the traditional atomic gas chamber relaxation time measurement method is inefficient, the equipment is complex, and it is difficult to perform synchronous measurement of multiple gas chambers under the same conditions, resulting in the accuracy and consistency of the data being affected.

[0006] In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical means:

[0007] The present invention provides a multi-gas chamber relaxation synchronous measurement device based on electromagnetic induction transparency, comprising:

[0008] A coupled light laser for providing strong coupled light;

[0009] A detection light laser, used for providing weak detection light;

[0010] A beam splitter, used for splitting the coupling light and the detection light into multiple light beams;

[0011] Multiple detection optical paths, each detection optical path includes:

[0012] A first polarization beam splitter prism, used for combining the coupling light and the detection light;

[0013] A first λ / 4 glass plate, used for converting the detection light into left-handed circularly polarized light and converting the coupling light into right-handed circularly polarized light;

[0014] Atomic gas chamber, used to contain alkali metal atoms;

[0015] A second λ / 4 glass plate, used for converting the coupled light passing through the gas cell back into linearly polarized light;

[0016] A second polarization beam splitter prism, used to separate the coupled light from the main light path;

[0017] a photodiode, for receiving a transmission spectrum of the detection light;

[0018] The data acquisition component is used to collect the signal output by the photodiode and perform fitting calculation of the relaxation time.

[0019] In the above technical solution, the fitting formula is:

[0020] lnI(t)=A+B s exp(-t / T s )-C f exp(-t / T f )

[0021] Among them, A, B s , C f is a constant, T s is the slow relaxation time, T f Fast relaxation time.

[0022] In the above technical solution, the frequencies of the coupling light laser and the detection light laser are determined according to the alkali metal transition energy level in the atomic gas chamber, forming an electromagnetically induced transparent system.

[0023] In the above technical solution, the electromagnetically induced transparent system refers to a Λ-type system, including two ground states and one excited state.

[0024] The present invention also provides a multi-gas chamber relaxation synchronous measurement method based on electromagnetic induced transparency, comprising the following steps:

[0025] a. Providing strong coupling light and weak detection light, and adjusting them to the corresponding transition frequency and polarization direction to form an electromagnetically induced transparent system;

[0026] b. guiding the strong coupling light and the weak detection light to a plurality of gas chambers to be detected respectively;

[0027] c. When both the strong coupling light and the weak detection light are turned on, the gas chamber to be detected is heated to an appropriate temperature and kept stable;

[0028] d. turning off the strong coupling light, and synchronously collecting the detection light transmission spectra of the plurality of gas chambers to be detected after turning off the strong coupling light;

[0029] e. Fitting the detection light transmission spectrum to obtain the fast relaxation time T of each gas chamber f and slow relaxation time T s;

[0030] f. By comparing the fast relaxation time and the slow relaxation time of the plurality of gas chambers to be tested, the gas chamber with the best performance is selected.

[0031] In the above technical solution, the strong coupling light and the weak detection light are provided by two lasers, and the frequencies of the lasers are determined according to the transition energy levels of the alkali metals in the gas chamber to be detected.

[0032] In the above technical solution, the strong coupling light and the weak detection light are split into multiple branches by a beam splitter and output to the multiple gas chambers to be detected in the form of optical fibers.

[0033] In the above technical solution, the strong coupling light and the weak detection light are converted into left-handed circularly polarized light and right-handed circularly polarized light respectively through a polarization beam splitter prism and a quarter wave plate before entering the gas chamber to be detected.

[0034] In the above technical solution, the fitting formula of the detection light transmission spectrum is:

[0035] lnI(t)=A+B s exp(-t / T s )-C f exp(-t / T f )

[0036] Among them, A, B s , C f is a constant, T s is the slow relaxation time, T f Fast relaxation time.

[0037] In the above technical solution, the frequencies of the coupling light and the detection light in the laser light source are determined according to the alkali metal transition energy level in the gas chamber, forming a Λ-type electromagnetically induced transparent system, including two ground states and one excited state.

[0038] Because the present invention adopts the above technical means, it has the following beneficial effects:

[0039] 1. Relaxation measurement through electromagnetically induced transparency

[0040] Technical means: Utilizing the principle of electromagnetic induced transparency, accurate measurement of the atomic relaxation process is achieved by analyzing the transmission spectrum.

[0041] Technical problems solved: No additional magnetic shielding device or external magnetic field is required, which simplifies the experimental setup and reduces the complexity and cost of the system.

[0042] Effect achieved: Realize multi-optical path measurement under geomagnetic conditions, synchronously collect data from multiple air chambers, and ensure test and comparison of multiple air chambers under the same conditions.

[0043] Advantages over existing technologies: Compared with traditional methods, such as the free induction decay method and the magnetic resonance broadening fitting method, the present invention does not require a complex magnetic field control system, significantly reduces experimental complexity and cost, and improves the reliability and consistency of measurement results.

[0044] 2. Multi-optical path synchronous measurement technology

[0045] Technical means: Adopting multi-optical path synchronous measurement technology, a beam of incident laser is accurately disassembled into multiple branches through a beam splitter, and the laser is output in the form of optical fiber. In addition to adjusting the coupling light and detection light of each branch to the same power, the realization of multi-optical path technology also requires a temperature control system to control the temperature of each gas chamber.

[0046] Technical problem solved: Rapidly compare and screen the performance of multiple gas chambers from the same batch, improving measurement efficiency.

[0047] Effect achieved: Data from multiple air chambers are collected synchronously, eliminating interference from environmental factors and making the lateral contrast between air chambers more obvious.

[0048] Compared with the existing technology, the present invention has the following advantages: Compared with the single optical path one by one measurement, the present invention greatly improves the experimental efficiency, avoids the error accumulation, and ensures the accuracy and consistency of the measurement results.

[0049] 3. Flexible and adjustable detection optical path design

[0050] Technical means: The detection optical path can be adjusted according to the number of gas chambers to be measured, including two polarization beam splitters, two 1 / 4 glass slides, the gas chamber to be detected and a photodiode.

[0051] Technical problems solved: Adapt to the measurement requirements of different numbers of gas chambers and improve the flexibility and applicability of the measurement.

[0052] The effect achieved is that it is suitable for high-precision measurement of a small number of gas chambers, and can also realize rapid screening of large-scale batches of gas chambers.

[0053] Advantages over existing technologies: Compared with fixed optical path designs, the present invention has higher flexibility and scalability and can meet a variety of experimental requirements.

[0054] 4. Efficient and accurate data processing process

[0055] Technical means: Use the formula lnI(t)=A+B s exp(-t / T s )-C f exp(-t / T f ) is used to fit the collected data and obtain the fast relaxation time T f and slow relaxation time Ts .

[0056] Technical problems solved: Rapidly and accurately extract and analyze relaxation time, providing strong support for gas cell performance evaluation.

[0057] Effect achieved: Extraction and analysis of relaxation time can be completed in a short time, and the gas chamber with the best quality in a batch can be quickly selected.

[0058] Advantages over existing technologies: Compared with complex data processing processes, the present invention simplifies data processing steps and improves data processing efficiency and accuracy.

[0059] 5. No additional magnetic shielding device or external magnetic field is required

[0060] Technical means: Based on the principle of electromagnetic induction transparency, measurement can be completed without additional magnetic shielding devices or external magnetic fields.

[0061] Technical problems solved: Reduced the complexity and cost of the experimental equipment and improved the convenience of the experiment.

[0062] Effect achieved: The measurement was completed in the geomagnetic field environment, simplifying the experimental process.

[0063] Advantages over existing technologies: Compared with traditional methods that require complex magnetic field control systems, the present invention significantly reduces experimental costs and complexity while maintaining high measurement accuracy.

[0064] Through the above technical means, the present invention provides an efficient, accurate, flexible and low-cost multi-gas chamber relaxation synchronous measurement method and device, which provides a basis for the development of high-precision atomic sensors. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0065] Figure 1 The present invention is a schematic diagram of a multi-gas chamber relaxation synchronous measurement method and device based on electromagnetic induced transparency.

[0066] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the Λ-type electromagnetically induced transparent energy level system constructed in the present invention.

[0067] Figure 3 The detection light transmission spectrum fitting formula proposed in the present invention is lnI(t)=A+B s exp(-t / T s )-C f exp(-t / T f ) simulation diagram, the parameter values ​​are A=15, B s =5, C f =3, T s =0.2, T f=0.05. It can be seen that the fast relaxation time and the slow relaxation time can be accurately and efficiently extracted by using the fitting formula.

[0068] In the figure: 1-coupling light laser, 2-detection light laser, 3-λ / 2 beam splitter, 4-first polarization beam splitter prism, 5-first λ / 4 glass slide, 6-atomic gas chamber, 7-second λ / 4 glass slide, 8-second polarization beam splitter prism. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0069] The following is a detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention. Although the present invention will be described and illustrated in conjunction with some specific embodiments, it should be noted that the present invention is not limited to these embodiments. On the contrary, modifications or equivalent substitutions made to the present invention should all be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

[0070] In addition, in order to better illustrate the present invention, numerous specific details are given in the following specific embodiments. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention can also be implemented without these specific details.

[0071] In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art and reduce the experimental cost and complexity, the present invention provides a multi-gas chamber relaxation synchronous measurement method and device based on electromagnetic induction transparency. The relaxation time can be obtained by simple data processing, and the multi-optical path synchronous measurement is adopted to ensure the uniformity of the experimental conditions, so that the lateral comparison between the gas chambers is more obvious, and the performance of multiple gas chambers in the same batch can be quickly compared and screened, which provides a high-precision and reliable experimental means for the study of the time characteristics of the relaxation process and provides a basis for the development of high-precision atomic sensors requiring gas chambers.

[0072] Specifically, the present invention provides a method and device for synchronously measuring the relaxation of multiple gas chambers based on electromagnetic induction transparency. Based on the principle of electromagnetic induction transparency, the accurate measurement of the atomic relaxation process is achieved by analyzing the transmission spectrum. No additional magnetic shielding device or external magnetic field is required. The measurement can be completed in the geomagnetic field environment, which simplifies the experimental device and reduces the complexity and cost of the system. The core advantage of the present invention is that it realizes multi-light path measurement technology, which can synchronously collect data from multiple gas chambers. This synchronous measurement ensures that each gas chamber is tested under the same conditions, eliminates the interference of environmental factors, and improves the reliability and consistency of the measurement results. By comparing and analyzing multiple gas chambers in real time, the data of the relaxation process can be efficiently obtained, which greatly improves the experimental efficiency and the credibility of the data.

[0073] As a preferred implementation, the detection optical path can be adjusted according to the number of air chambers that need to be measured, and data of multiple air chambers can be collected synchronously.

[0074] As a preferred embodiment, in the detection optical path, the first polarization beam splitter prism is used to combine the coupling light and the detection light, the coupling light and the detection light are p-light and s-light respectively, and then the detection light and the coupling light are converted into left-handed circularly polarized light and right-handed circularly polarized light respectively through a quarter wave plate and enter the alkali metal gas chamber. After the coupling light passes through the gas chamber, it is separated from the main optical path through a quarter wave plate and a polarization beam splitter prism, while the detection light continues to be transmitted along the original path and is received by the photodetector.

[0075] As a preferred embodiment, the frequencies of the coupling light and the detection light in the laser light source are determined according to the alkali metal transition energy level in the gas chamber, thereby forming an electromagnetically induced transparent system.

[0076] As a preferred embodiment, the measurement steps are as follows: under the condition that both the strong coupling light and the weak detection light are turned on, the gas chamber to be measured for relaxation is heated to an appropriate temperature. After stabilization, the coupling light is turned off, and the detection light transmission spectrum after the coupling light is turned off is collected, and the formula lnI(t)=A+B is used. s exp(-t / T s )-C f exp(-t / T f ) is used to fit the data and obtain the fast relaxation time T f and slow relaxation time T s By comparing the relaxation times of multiple gas chambers, the gas chamber with the best quality in a batch can be quickly selected.

[0077] Example 1

[0078] The invention provides a multi-gas chamber relaxation synchronous measurement device based on electromagnetic induction transparency, comprising a laser light source, a beam splitter, a data acquisition component and a plurality of detection light paths.

[0079] The configuration of the detection optical path can be freely adjusted according to the number of gas chambers that need to be measured.

[0080] In the detection optical path, the first polarization beam splitter prism 4 is used to combine the coupling light and the detection light, the coupling light and the detection light are p-light and s-light respectively, and then the detection light and the coupling light are converted into left-handed circularly polarized light and right-handed circularly polarized light respectively through the quarter wave plate 5, and enter the alkali metal gas chamber. After passing through the gas chamber, the coupling light is separated from the main optical path through the quarter wave plate 7 and the polarization beam splitter prism 8, while the detection light continues to be transmitted along the original path and is received by the photodetector.

[0081] Example 2

[0082] The present invention provides a multi-gas chamber relaxation synchronous measurement method based on electromagnetic induced transparency, comprising the following steps:

[0083] The coupling light 1 and the detection light 2 are adjusted to the corresponding transition frequency and polarization direction to satisfy the Λ-type electromagnetically induced transparent energy level system;

[0084] Under the condition that both the strong coupling light 1 and the weak detection light 2 are turned on, the gas chamber is heated to an appropriate temperature and stabilized;

[0085] After the temperature of the gas chamber is stable, the coupling light 1 is turned off, and the transmission spectrum of the detection light after the coupling light is turned off is collected;

[0086] After obtaining the transmission spectrum data of each detection light path, use the formula lnI(t)=A+B s exp(-t / T s )-C f exp(-t / T f ) is used to fit the data and obtain the fast relaxation time T f and slow relaxation time T s ; By comparing the relaxation times of multiple gas chambers, the gas chamber with the best quality in a batch can be quickly selected.

[0087] In summary, the multi-optical path simultaneous measurement technology has shown significant advantages in the study of atomic gas cell relaxation time, greatly improving the measurement efficiency and data comparability. This technology can synchronously measure multiple gas cells under the same experimental conditions by configuring multiple optical paths at the same time, effectively eliminating the influence of environmental factors and operating errors, making the performance comparison between different gas cells more intuitive and reliable. The flexibility of this method is reflected in the adjustability of the number of optical paths. According to the number of gas cells that need to be measured, the configuration of the optical path can be freely adjusted, which is suitable for high-precision measurement of a small number of gas cells and can also realize the rapid screening of large-scale batch gas cells. This highly scalable design makes this method widely applicable in both laboratory research and industrial applications. Unlike traditional methods, the present invention does not require additional magnetic shielding barrels or complex external magnetic field control systems, which significantly reduces the complexity and cost of the experimental device. In addition, the optical detection path is simple in design and easy to operate, and can quickly realize the acquisition and processing of experimental data. The data processing process is efficient and accurate, and can complete the extraction and analysis of relaxation time in a short time, providing strong support for the rapid screening and evaluation of gas cell performance. Effectively identifying and screening out gas chambers with excellent performance lays the foundation for improving the overall performance of the sensor, and provides reliable experimental basis and theoretical support for the design and optimization of high-precision quantum sensors such as atomic gyroscopes and atomic magnetometers.

Claims

1. A multi-chamber relaxation synchronous measurement device based on electromagnetic induction transparency, characterized in that: include: A coupling light laser (1) for providing strong coupling light; A detection light laser (2), used for providing weak detection light; A beam splitter (3), used for splitting the coupling light and the detection light into multiple beams; Multiple detection optical paths, each detection optical path includes: A first polarization beam splitter prism (4), used for combining the coupling light and the detection light; A first λ / 4 glass plate (5) is used to convert the detection light into left-handed circularly polarized light and convert the coupling light into right-handed circularly polarized light; an atomic gas chamber (6) for accommodating alkali metal atoms; A second λ / 4 glass plate (7), used for converting the coupled light passing through the air cell back into linearly polarized light; A second polarization beam splitter prism (8), used for separating the coupled light from the main light path; a photodiode, for receiving a transmission spectrum of the detection light; The data acquisition component is used to collect the signal output by the photodiode and perform fitting calculation of the relaxation time.

2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that The frequencies of the coupling light laser (1) and the detection light laser (2) are determined according to the alkali metal transition energy level in the atomic gas chamber (6), forming an electromagnetically induced transparent system.

3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that The electromagnetically induced transparent system refers to a Λ-type system, which includes two ground states and one excited state.

4. A multi-chamber relaxation synchronous measurement method based on electromagnetic induction transparency, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: a. Providing strong coupling light and weak detection light, and adjusting them to the corresponding transition frequency and polarization direction to form an electromagnetically induced transparent system; b. guiding the strong coupling light and the weak detection light to a plurality of gas chambers to be detected respectively; c. When both the strong coupling light and the weak detection light are turned on, the gas chamber to be detected is heated to an appropriate temperature and kept stable; d. turning off the strong coupling light, and synchronously collecting the detection light transmission spectra of the plurality of gas chambers to be detected after turning off the strong coupling light; e. Fitting the detection light transmission spectrum to obtain the fast relaxation time T of each gas chamber f and slow relaxation time T s ; f. By comparing the fast relaxation time and the slow relaxation time of the plurality of gas chambers to be tested, the gas chamber with the best performance is selected.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The strong coupling light and the weak detection light are provided by two lasers, and the frequencies of the lasers are determined according to the transition energy levels of the alkali metals in the gas chamber to be detected.

6. The method according to claim v, characterized in that The strong coupling light and the weak detection light are split into multiple branches by a beam splitter and output to the multiple gas chambers to be detected in the form of optical fibers.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Before entering the gas chamber to be detected, the strong coupling light and the weak detection light are converted into left-handed circularly polarized light and right-handed circularly polarized light respectively through a polarization beam splitter prism and a quarter wave plate.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The fitting formula of the detection light transmission spectrum is: lnI(t)=A+B s exp(-t / T s )-C f exp(-t / T f ) Among them, A, B s , C f is a constant, T s is the slow relaxation time, T f Fast relaxation time.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The frequencies of the coupling light and the detection light in the laser light source are determined according to the alkali metal transition energy levels in the gas chamber, forming a Λ-type electromagnetically induced transparent system, including two ground states and one excited state.

Images