A radioactive solid waste treatment device and treatment method

Abstract

This invention relates to a radioactive solid waste treatment device. The supercompressor includes a feeding robot, a supercompressor body, a discharging robot, and an electrical control system. The supercompressor body includes a frame, an opening and closing window, a hydraulic system, an upper pressure head assembly, guide columns, a lower support plate, a lower positioning and unloading assembly, a drilling robot, a fine debris blowing robot, a vacuum pump, and a HEPA high-efficiency filter. The upper pressure head assembly includes a hydraulic plate, a pressure head, a sleeve, and an electromagnetic induction heating assembly. The production line equipped with the supercompressor also includes a high-frequency electric vibration table, a steel drum transport crane, a transport roller conveyor, a visual damage detection module, a drum cake transport crane, a drum cake selection table, a radiation measurement table, and a laser marking table. Implementing the embodiments of this invention not only solves the risks of cone bottom rebound, secondary contamination, and jamming, but also enables efficient, automated, and safe operation of radioactive waste compaction treatment, improving batch processing efficiency and radiation protection levels.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of waste compaction technology, and more specifically, relates to a radioactive solid waste treatment device. Background Technology

[0002] The development of nuclear power plants plays a vital role in promoting the clean energy transition, as their high efficiency and low carbon footprint help reduce the use of fossil fuels. However, with the rapid development of nuclear energy, the amount of radioactive solid waste accumulated and generated in my country is increasing, reaching tens of thousands of cubic meters in volume. Therefore, the safe management of nuclear waste is a significant challenge for the nuclear industry. Overpressure reduction can be used to increase waste density and eliminate voids in the waste to reduce its volume. The overpressure machine is the core equipment in the overpressure process and plays a crucial role in waste reduction, being one of the key links in minimizing waste. The volume of the reduced-volume waste bag can meet the requirement set by Chinese regulatory authorities that the annual radioactive waste generation of 1,000 kW units at coastal sites should not exceed 50 cubic meters. 3 / Unit requirements. For example, the radioactive waste treatment center at my country's Tianwan Nuclear Power Plant has been successfully put into operation, capable of handling low- and intermediate-level radioactive waste such as waste resin, residual liquid, and dry waste generated during the operation of all units in the plant.

[0003] Currently, existing compactors used for reducing the volume of radioactive solid waste have the following shortcomings in use: (1) Compression rebound and cone bottom problems: After the compaction drum containing solid waste is compressed into a cake shape, it will rebound due to the elastic deformation of the waste. If the compression pressure is too high and the holding time is insufficient, a "cone bottom" is easily formed at the bottom of the cake. In particular, plastic products may even damage the compaction drum and cause radioactive leakage. (2) Secondary pollution risk: Radioactive dust, aerosols or debris may be generated during the compaction process. Without a proper sealing and filtration system, radioactive pollution of the operating area will occur, endangering the health of workers and environmental safety. (3) Cake jamming problem: In order to prevent radioactive gas and aerosol pollution generated during the compression of steel drums and to avoid excessive radial compression deformation of the cake, the cake is usually placed in a sleeve for restriction. However, if the radial compression deformation of the cake is too large, the cake may jam in the sleeve, that is, the cake cannot be unloaded as the sleeve rises and falls. The above problems may lead to radioactive material leakage, pollution of the operating area, endangering the health of workers and environmental safety, and seriously affecting the effectiveness and safety of waste treatment.

[0004] Patent No. 201711246754.5 uses a cutting blade to cut and crush the waste inside the compaction chamber to improve the compactness of the waste after compaction. In fact, nuclear waste has already undergone batch processing such as sorting and crushing under relatively good protective conditions before being loaded into the drum. However, this patent performs secondary cutting of the waste, which increases the difficulty of protection and the risk of secondary contamination, and is also not conducive to batch processing. Patent No. 201910614961.4 uses segmented double stamping to press the steel drum containing radioactive solid waste into a cake shape to the maximum extent. However, this patent does not consider the problem of drum cake getting stuck in the inner cavity of the die. Patent No. 202110481605.7 uses a multi-beam mechanism to carry out two-step compression of pre-compression and deep compression to ensure good compression of the steel drum. In addition, it uses hooks to lift the receiving cylinder to detach the drum cake. However, the gap between the crossbeam and the pressure head in this patent, and the different pressures applied, will cause differential pressure deformation or even shearing and breakage on the upper surface of the cake. In addition, if the porosity of the waste in the middle is large and the porosity of the edge is small, deep compression of the middle may cause the pressure head to be directly pressed into the cake.

[0005] Given the limitations and shortcomings of existing technologies, there is an urgent need to develop a radioactive solid waste treatment device. By optimizing the compaction process, improving the equipment structure, and enhancing sealing performance, the device can reduce the risks of cone bottom rebound, secondary contamination, and jamming during the volume reduction process of radioactive waste, thereby improving the safety and effectiveness of batch treatment of nuclear waste, better meeting the requirements of nuclear waste management, and promoting the sustainable development of nuclear energy. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The technical problem solved by this invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a radioactive solid waste treatment device, which aims to compress the steel drum containing radioactive solid waste into a cake shape to the maximum extent, and can effectively reduce the risk of cone bottom rebound, secondary contamination and jamming, and ensure the volume reduction efficiency and nuclear protection safety in the process of radioactive solid waste treatment.

[0007] The embodiments of the present invention adopt the following technical solutions:

[0008] This invention provides a radioactive solid waste treatment device, comprising:

[0009] Feeding manipulator for placing steel drums containing radioactive solid waste into the pressurization area; supercompressor body for compacting and reducing the volume of the steel drums into steel cakes; discharging manipulator for removing the steel cakes from the supercompressor body; and an electrical control system for controlling the operation of the supercompressor and automating the feeding, compaction, and discharging processes.

[0010] The supercompressor body includes:

[0011] A frame for providing installation foundation and support; an opening and closing window for radioactive aerosol isolation and sealing of the operating area; a hydraulic system for providing power for high-pressure compaction of steel drums; an upper pressure head assembly for contacting and pressurizing the steel drum; a guide column for guiding the movement of the upper pressure head assembly; a lower bearing plate for supporting the steel drum to be compressed and bearing the compressive force; a lower positioning and unloading assembly for positioning the steel drum and assisting in unloading when the steel disc is stuck; a drilling robot arm for drilling holes in the steel drum at predetermined positions to facilitate the release of internal gas; a chip purging robot arm for removing metal chips generated during drilling and compaction; a vacuum pump for evacuating to collect fine particles; and a HEPA high-efficiency filter for filtering fine particles to prevent aerosol nuclear contamination.

[0012] The upper pressure head assembly includes:

[0013] Hydraulic plates for vertical displacement and pressure transmission, pressure heads for direct contact and pressure application to the steel drum, sleeves for limiting radial compression deformation of the drum cake, and electromagnetic induction heating components for heating radioactive solid waste inside the steel drum to meet compaction process requirements.

[0014] In this design, the hinged window is mounted on the frame, forming a closed cavity through cooperation with the frame; the hydraulic rod in the hydraulic system is fixedly connected to the upper pressure head assembly, providing high-pressure driving force to enable the upper pressure head assembly to perform a downward pressing operation; the guide column is fixedly connected to the frame, guiding the upper pressure head assembly to perform reciprocating movement without deviation; the lower support plate is fixedly mounted on the frame and fitted directly below the upper pressure head assembly, supporting the steel drum and providing support force; the lower positioning and unloading assembly is movably fitted to the lower support plate and is controlled by the hydraulic system to achieve telescopic movement.

[0015] In this solution, the drilling robotic arm is mounted on the frame, the chip blowing robotic arm is located on the opposite side of the drilling robotic arm and is connected to an external high-pressure nitrogen supply system via a pipeline; the vacuum pump is connected to the cavity of the frame via a pipeline, and the HEPA high-efficiency filter is connected to the output end of the vacuum pump.

[0016] In this design, the pressure head is fixedly connected to the hydraulic plate, the sleeve is concentrically fitted to the pressure head, the sleeve is connected to the hydraulic plate by a spring and a shock absorber, and the electromagnetic induction heating assembly is arranged on the outer periphery of the sleeve.

[0017] In this solution, the lower positioning plug assembly is fitted to the lower support plate through a magnetohydrodynamic sealing structure.

[0018] This invention provides a method for treating radioactive solid waste, which uses a radioactive solid waste treatment device and includes the following steps:

[0019] S1: Steel drum hoisting and pre-treatment, including:

[0020] The steel drums are lifted from the conveyor rollers to the designated location by a steel drum transport crane; the steel drum transport crane is equipped with special steel drum grippers to ensure that the steel drums are stable and safe during the lifting process; the steel drums are transferred to a high-frequency electric vibration table for vibration operation, which is used to shake the radioactive solid waste inside the steel drums to make it evenly distributed;

[0021] S2: Steel drum positioning and drilling, including:

[0022] The fine debris blowing robotic arm cleans the lower support plate; the lower positioning and unblocking assembly adjusts the length of the movable telescopic part to match the positioning of the steel drum before retracting; the feeding robotic arm accurately places the steel drum containing radioactive solid waste into the pressure-receiving area; the opening and closing window is operated to close to seal the working area, and the vacuum pump is then started to extract the generated radioactive gas and aerosol, which are then filtered by the HEPA high-efficiency filter and discharged into the ventilation system;

[0023] S3: Steel drum compression, including:

[0024] Upon entering the overpressure stage, the upper pressure head assembly begins to move downwards, causing the sleeve to descend synchronously; the sleeve gradually and completely fits into the steel drum; the hydraulic plate continues to drive the pressure head to move downwards, axially compressing the steel drum, and finally compressing the steel drum into a drum-shaped disc.

[0025] S4: Unloading the bucket / cake, including:

[0026] During the unloading phase, the sleeve and the pressure head move upwards to the predetermined position, and the opening and closing window is opened; the discharge robot moves the steel cake from the superpressor body onto the conveyor roller.

[0027] S5: Barrel cake detection, including:

[0028] The barrel cake is transported to the inspection area via a conveyor roller, where the surface is inspected by a visual damage detection module. It is then transferred to a radiation measurement station for radiation measurement. Next, the surface of the barrel cake is marked by a laser marking station, and then height data is collected by a height detection device.

[0029] S6: Barrel cake selection and storage, including:

[0030] The barrel cake transport crane transports the barrel cake to the designated workstation on the barrel cake selection platform. Each workstation on the barrel cake selection platform is equipped with a precision positioning device. After the selection process, the barrel cake is loaded into a 200L steel drum and then transferred to a designated storage location for cement fixing via a special transfer device.

[0031] In this scheme, step S3 further includes that when the steel drum is compressed into a drum shape, the pressure head holds the pressure for n minutes, where n is a real number greater than 20, while the electromagnetic induction heating component heats the radioactive solid waste inside the steel drum to reduce the elastic rebound of the radioactive solid waste; after cooling for m minutes, where m is a real number greater than 10, the unloading stage begins.

[0032] In this solution, step S4 further includes raising the lower positioning unblocking assembly and supporting the bottom of the sleeve when the barrel cake is stuck in the sleeve so that there is sufficient unloading space at the bottom of the barrel cake, and then applying downward pressure through the pressure head to press down the stuck barrel cake.

[0033] In this scheme, the preferred operation in step S6 refers to the height detection device transmitting the height data of the steel cake to the electrical control system; combining the heights of all the pressed cakes temporarily stored on the drum cake preferred platform; and performing a drum filling operation on the maximum height combination that is less than or equal to the height of the 200L steel drum.

[0034] The steps for performing the drum filling operation on the maximum height combination that is less than or equal to the height of the 200L steel drum are as follows:

[0035] The first step is to collect the height data of one steel disc at a time, for a total of C. p 1 = p combinations and record height data {h1, h2, ..., h p}, detect all C p 1 Are all the heights in the middle greater than h? 200L h 200L If the height of the 200L steel drum is specified, the staff will be notified that the drum cannot be filled; otherwise, proceed to the next step.

[0036] The second step involves taking the combined height data of two steel discs each time, for a total of C. p 2 =p·(p-1) / (2·1) ​​combinations and record the total height data in each combination, detect all C p 2 Is the total height of all values ​​greater than h? 200L If so, then prompt the staff at C. p 1 Take less than or equal to h 200L Pack the cakes into the barrels with the highest possible height; otherwise, proceed to the next step.

[0037] In step k, each time take the combined height data of k steel discs, k≥3, for a total of C. p k =p·(p-1)·...·(p-k+1) / (k·(k-1)·...·1) combinations and record the total height data in each combination, and detect all C p k Is the total height of all values ​​greater than h? 200L If so, then prompt the staff at C. p 1 C p 2 , ...,C p k-1 Take h as the least than or equal to all combinations 200L Pack the cakes into the barrels with the highest possible height; otherwise, proceed to the next step.

[0038] In step k+1, each time the combined height data of k+1 steel discs is taken, for a total of C. p k+1 =p·(p-1)·...·(pk) / ((k+1)·k·...·1) combinations and record the total height data in each combination, detecting all C p k+1 The total height is greater than h 200L The staff were prompted to be in C p 1 C p 1 , ...,C p k Take h as the least than or equal to all combinations 200L The highest-height barrels of cake are combined for packing.

[0039] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0040] First, this invention, through its unique upper pressure head assembly design, combined with a hydraulic system and an electromagnetic induction heating assembly, not only achieves efficient compression of the steel drum but also restricts drum cake deformation through a radial sleeve, increasing compaction accuracy and providing stability. Simultaneously, the electromagnetic induction heating assembly heats the internal radioactive solid waste, enhancing the adaptability and efficiency of the compaction process. This multi-functional design effectively solves the problems of steel drum springback and insufficient compression, significantly improving the volume reduction effect.

[0041] Secondly, this invention integrates a drilling robotic arm and a fine debris purging robotic arm into the supercompressor, solving the safety hazards caused by poor internal gas release and the secondary pollution problems caused by the accumulation of metal debris during traditional operations. Before the steel drum is compacted, the drilling robotic arm is responsible for precisely drilling holes to release internal gas; while the fine debris purging robotic arm uses high-pressure nitrogen to clean up the metal debris generated during the volume reduction process, thereby effectively preventing the debris from polluting the equipment and the surrounding environment. Combined with a vacuum pump and a HEPA filter, it further achieves the isolation and filtration of aerosol particles, ensuring the safety of nuclear contamination particle emissions and the cleanliness of the operating environment, improving the automation level of the compaction process, and significantly reducing operational risks and manual intervention, thus ensuring safety and work efficiency.

[0042] Third, this invention addresses the potential jamming problem during barrel cake compression and unloading by designing a lower positioning unloading component. This component works in conjunction with the pressure head to apply additional downward pressure after the bottom of the support sleeve is raised, ensuring that the jammed barrel cake is unloaded smoothly and avoiding equipment downtime or damage caused by jamming, thereby improving the efficiency and safety of the production line.

[0043] Fourth, the batch compaction tooling production line of this invention achieves close integration and high automation among multiple processes, covering all aspects of steel drum hoisting, positioning, compression, unloading, inspection, selection, and storage. During the selection operation, the height detection equipment can transmit height data to the electrical control system, enabling intelligent combination of height data to ensure effective utilization of the 200L steel drum storage space. Simultaneously, through the collaborative work of the visual damage detection module and the radiation measurement station, it possesses precise screening and marking functions. This system design significantly improves the automation level of the production line, reduces human intervention and safety risks, and meets the high efficiency and high safety requirements for radioactive solid waste treatment.

[0044] Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the structures particularly pointed out in the written description, claims, and drawings.

[0045] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0046] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the layout of a radioactive solid waste treatment device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 2 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the supercompressor body according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the lower positioning and unloading assembly assisting in the positioning of the steel drum according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the lower positioning unloading assembly assisting in unloading the steel disc when it is jammed, according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of a radioactive solid waste treatment device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0051] In the diagram: 1. Feeding robot; 2. Overpressure machine body; 21. Frame; 22. Opening / closing window; 23. Hydraulic system; 24. Upper pressure head assembly; 241. Hydraulic plate; 242. Pressure head; 243. Sleeve; 244. Electromagnetic induction heating assembly; 25. Guide column; 26. Lower bearing plate; 27. Lower positioning and unloading assembly; 28. Drilling robot; 29. ​​Fine debris blowing robot; 210. Vacuum pump; 211. HEPA high-efficiency filter; 3. Discharge robot; 4. Electrical control system; 5. Steel drum transport crane; 6. High-frequency electric vibration table; 7. Visual damage detection module; 8. Radiation measurement table; 9. Laser marking table; 10. Height detection equipment; 11. Drum cake transport crane; 12. Drum cake selection table; 13. 200L steel drum. Detailed Implementation

[0052] To facilitate understanding of the present invention, a more complete description will be given below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate several embodiments of the invention. However, the invention can be implemented in various forms and is not limited to the embodiments described in the text. Rather, these embodiments are provided to make the disclosure of the invention more thorough and complete. The components of the embodiments of the invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description and structural dimensions of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings are not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention.

[0053] The technical solutions provided by the various embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0054] The basic structure of the overcompressor used for volume reduction of radioactive solid waste in this embodiment is mainly as follows: Figures 1-4 As shown, the aim is to achieve efficient treatment, compaction, and volume reduction of radioactive solid waste, including:

[0055] A feeding robot 1 is set up to safely and efficiently transport steel drums containing radioactive solid waste to the compaction area, achieving precise positioning and thus providing a preliminary guarantee for subsequent compaction operations.

[0056] Equipped with a supercompressor body 2, it uses high pressure to forcefully compact the steel drum that has been put in, reducing the volume of radioactive solid waste inside the drum by compression, thereby forming a dense steel cake for subsequent processing and storage.

[0057] A discharge robot 3 is provided, whose main function is to reliably remove the pressed steel cake from the superpressor body 2, ensuring the smooth progress of the entire volume reduction process;

[0058] It also integrates an integrated electrical control system 4, which is responsible for controlling the overall operation of the supercompressor. Its automated design enables full-process operation control from feeding and compaction of radioactive waste to discharging, which greatly improves the working efficiency and operational safety of the equipment, reduces manual intervention, lowers radiation risk, and protects the health of the staff.

[0059] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the supercompressor body 2 includes the following components:

[0060] A frame 21 is provided to serve as the installation foundation and support for the entire overpressure unit. The frame 21 has sufficient rigidity and durability to withstand the high pressure and weight generated during operation, and also serves as the main mounting base for other components. An openable / closed window 22 is also installed on the frame 21 to achieve a sealed operating area. This window 22 is hinged to the frame 21 and, in conjunction with the frame 21, forms a sealed operating chamber to isolate radioactive aerosols and ensure operator safety. The window 22 allows for flexible opening and closing based on operational needs while effectively preventing nuclear aerosol contamination leakage. Powered by a hydraulic system 23, the device possesses powerful high-pressure compaction capabilities. The hydraulic system 23 is equipped with a set of high-efficiency hydraulic rods that drive the upper pressure head assembly 24 to complete the high-pressure downward pressing operation. The hydraulic rods are fixedly connected to the upper pressure head assembly 24 to provide stable pressure. A stable and powerful compression driving force; the upper pressure head assembly 24 is used to directly contact the steel drum to be processed and perform high-pressure extrusion forming operation; the guide column 25 is fixedly set on the frame 21, providing precise motion guidance function, ensuring that the upper pressure head assembly 24 maintains a straight displacement without deviation during up and down movement, thereby ensuring the uniformity and accuracy of the compression operation; the lower support plate 26 is fixedly installed in the core area of ​​the frame 21 as a support platform, directly below the upper pressure head assembly 24, to support the steel drum to be compressed and provide a strong compressive support force to ensure the stability of the compression process; the lower positioning and unloading assembly 27 is designed as a telescopic movable structure, which can cooperate with the lower support plate 26. Controlled by the hydraulic system 23, the lower positioning and unloading assembly 27 can realize telescopic movement, playing an important role in the positioning of the steel drum and the unloading of the steel cake after compaction, ensuring that the steel drum is accurately positioned and the jammed steel cake is smoothly removed.

[0061] Furthermore, the supercompressor body 2 also includes the following components:

[0062] Before high-pressure compaction, the supercompressor is equipped with a precision drilling robotic arm 28, which is fixedly installed at an appropriate position on the frame 21. Its design purpose is to perform a predetermined drilling operation on the steel drum, thereby releasing any residual gas inside and reducing the risk of pressure explosion. Correspondingly, a fine-chip purging robotic arm 29 is installed on the opposite side of the drilling robotic arm 28 to remove fine metal chips generated during drilling. This fine-chip purging robotic arm 29 is connected to an external high-pressure nitrogen supply system, effectively removing fine chips through the blowing action of high-pressure nitrogen, preventing them from affecting subsequent compaction operations.

[0063] Furthermore, the supercompressor body 2 may also include the following components:

[0064] To further ensure radiation protection in the work area, a vacuum pump 210 and a HEPA filter 211 are integrated into the design. The vacuum pump 210 is connected to a closed cavity within the frame 21 via a pipe, and its function is to create a vacuum inside the cavity and collect fine particulate matter generated during operation. The output of the vacuum pump 210 is connected to the HEPA filter 211, which thoroughly filters out fine particulate matter from the emitted gas to prevent aerosol contamination, thereby further improving operational safety. A HEPA (High Efficiency Particulate Air) filter is a type of filter that effectively captures and filters fine particulate matter in the air. According to standards, HEPA filters can capture at least 99.97% of particles with a diameter of 0.3 micrometers or larger, including dust, pollen, smoke, bacteria, viruses, and other fine contaminants.

[0065] In one embodiment, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the upper pressure head assembly 24 includes: a hydraulic plate 241 for vertical displacement and pressure transmission, a pressure head 242 for direct contact with the steel drum and applying pressure, a sleeve 243 for radial compression deformation of the drum cake and providing a limiting effect, and an electromagnetic induction heating assembly 244 for heating the radioactive solid waste contained inside the steel drum to meet the compaction process requirements.

[0066] Furthermore, the pressure head 242 is fixedly installed on the hydraulic plate 241, which can apply stable pressure to the steel drum by means of the vertical movement of the hydraulic plate 241, thereby realizing the function of compacting the waste inside the steel drum; the sleeve 243 is coaxially sleeved with the pressure head 242, and its position design ensures that the steel drum is restricted by radial compression deformation during the compaction process, avoiding irregular distortion and deformation of the steel drum under vertical pressure. The sleeve 243 is reliably connected to the hydraulic plate 241 by springs and vibration dampers. This design can effectively absorb and mitigate the vibration and impact generated during pressure transmission, improving the stability and durability of the equipment; the electromagnetic induction heating component 244 is set on the outer periphery of the sleeve 243, which is responsible for uniformly heating the radioactive solid waste inside the steel drum, so that the waste can better meet the compaction process requirements in a heated and softened state, thereby further improving the overall work efficiency and effect.

[0067] In one embodiment, the lower positioning plug assembly 27 is fitted to the lower support plate 26 via a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) sealing structure. The MHD sealing structure utilizes the unique physical properties of MHDs to provide a highly reliable seal under both static and dynamic conditions. MHDs are materials that exhibit liquid-like behavior but possess magnetic properties under an applied magnetic field. They are typically composed of nanoscale ferromagnetic particles dispersed in a carrier fluid, with suitable surfactants added to prevent particle aggregation. Permanent magnets are arranged around the sealing cavity in the MHD sealing structure. This magnetic field forms a closed magnetic circuit along the sealing area. Under the influence of the magnetic field, the MHDs are strongly attracted and concentrated at the sealing area, forming a stable liquid sealing ring through magnetic constraint. This liquid sealing ring can accommodate the high precision of mechanical devices while maintaining sealing performance even with minute movements of components.

[0068] Compared to patent number 202311685416.7, this patent utilizes a main drive component and a secondary drive component to drive the pressure head and mold respectively during compression. It solves the problem of barrel cake jamming by raising the mold first and then the pressure head. However, this increases system complexity and introduces coordination issues with the dual hydraulic drive system. This not only raises the design and manufacturing threshold of the equipment but also increases the difficulty of maintenance and troubleshooting. Furthermore, this patent only mentions the lifting and lowering movements of the pressure head and mold, resulting in a relatively simple function and greater limitations. It also lacks auxiliary measures such as heating treatment. When compressing radioactive solid waste, this may prevent the waste from reaching a sufficient thermal softening state, hindering further improvements in compression efficiency and effectiveness. In particular, it fails to address the issue that plastic products, due to their high elasticity, are prone to elastic deformation during compression, and are susceptible to compression rebound after the external force is removed or after a period of time, which can damage the sealing structure of the compressed barrel cake.

[0069] This invention also provides a batch compaction tooling production line for reducing the volume of radioactive solid waste, the process flow of which is as follows:

[0070] S1: Steel drum hoisting and pre-treatment, including:

[0071] The steel drum is lifted from the conveyor roller to the designated position by the steel drum transport crane 5; the steel drum transport crane 5 is equipped with special steel drum grippers to ensure that the steel drum is stable and safe during the lifting process; the steel drum is transferred to the high-frequency electric vibration table 6 for vibration operation, which is used to shake the radioactive solid waste inside the steel drum to make it evenly distributed;

[0072] S2: Steel drum positioning and drilling, including:

[0073] The debris-blowing robotic arm 29 cleans the lower support plate 26; please refer to... Figure 3 Understood, the lower positioning unblocking assembly 27 adjusts the length of the movable telescopic part to match the positioning of the steel drum and then retracts; the feeding robot 1 accurately places the steel drum containing radioactive solid waste into the pressure area; the control window 22 closes to seal the working area, and the vacuum pump 210 is then started to extract the generated radioactive gas and aerosol and filter them through the HEPA high-efficiency filter 211 before discharging them into the ventilation system;

[0074] S3: Steel drum compression, including:

[0075] Upon entering the overpressure stage, the upper pressure head assembly 24 begins to move downwards, causing the sleeve 243 to descend synchronously; the sleeve 243 gradually and completely fits into the steel drum; the hydraulic plate 241 continues to drive the pressure head 242 to move downwards, axially compressing the steel drum, and finally compressing the steel drum into a drum-shaped disc.

[0076] S4: Unloading the bucket / cake, including:

[0077] During the unloading phase, sleeve 243 and pressure head 242 move upward to the predetermined position, and control window 22 is opened; discharge robot 3 moves the steel cake from the superpressor body 2 onto the conveyor roller.

[0078] S5: Barrel cake detection, including:

[0079] The barrel cake is transported to the inspection area via a conveyor roller, where the surface is inspected by the visual damage detection module 7. It is then transferred to the radiation measurement station 8 for radiation measurement. Next, the surface of the barrel cake is marked by the laser marking station 9, and then the height data is collected by the height detection device 10.

[0080] S6: Barrel cake selection and storage, including:

[0081] The barrel cake transport crane 11 transports the barrel cake to the designated workstation on the barrel cake selection platform 12. Each workstation on the barrel cake selection platform 12 is equipped with a precision positioning device. After the selection operation, the barrel cake is loaded into a 200L steel drum 13, and then transferred to the designated storage location for cement fixing operation through a special transfer equipment.

[0082] The visual damage detection module 7 uses a high-resolution camera and advanced image processing algorithms to conduct a comprehensive inspection of the surface of the radioactive compressed barrel cake. First, the module takes pictures of the barrel cake from all angles to obtain detailed images of its surface. Then, through image processing technology, the module can automatically identify surface defects, such as cracks, scratches, dents, or contamination. During the processing, the system compares the results with a preset standard model, provides timely feedback on the detection results, and identifies areas with problems.

[0083] The radiation measuring station 8 is equipped with highly sensitive radiation detectors, such as Geiger counters or scintillation detectors, which can monitor the release of radioactive materials in real time. During the detection process, the detectors scan the surface and surrounding area of ​​the drum cake to obtain detailed radiation data. The detectors can effectively identify different types of radiation, including alpha, beta, and gamma radiation, and display their radiation intensity and energy levels. To ensure the accuracy of the detection, the measuring station may also be equipped with radiation protection shielding to reduce the influence of background radiation and improve the reliability of the measurement results. In addition, the radiation measuring station is usually connected to a computer system to record and analyze radiation counts through data acquisition software. This data is not only used for real-time monitoring but can also be archived for subsequent analysis and safety assessments.

[0084] The laser marking station 9 will position the surface of the radioactive drum cake and mark it according to preset parameters. The marking content includes, but is not limited to, the unique identification code of the radioactive drum cake, production date, radiation level, storage requirements and related safety warning information. This information is crucial for subsequent tracking, management and safe use.

[0085] The height detection device 10 uses non-contact measurement technology to inspect the surface of radioactive compressed drum cakes. This device utilizes laser scanning or optical sensors to quickly capture height changes and shape characteristics of the drum cake surface. The system analyzes data from multiple measurement points to generate an accurate height map to determine whether the surface shape conforms to standard specifications.

[0086] In a preferred embodiment, step S3 further includes the pressure head 242 continuously applying pressure to the steel drum while it is compressed into a drum shape, maintaining the pressure for at least n minutes, where n is a real number greater than 20, preferably n = 20. The purpose of this pressure-holding process is to further enhance the compression effect and ensure the stability of the drum shape. During this process, the electromagnetic induction heating component 244 is simultaneously activated to efficiently heat-treat the radioactive solid waste inside the drum. Heating reduces the elastic rebound characteristics of the waste, thereby increasing the durability and density of the compression. After the pressure holding is completed, the drum needs to be naturally or forcibly cooled for at least m minutes, where m is a real number greater than 10, preferably m = 10. This cooling stage helps to readjust the internal structure of the material, further improving the stability and sealing of the drum. After cooling is completed, the unloading stage can be entered, ending step S3. The entire process not only improves the safety of the treatment but also effectively reduces certain risks in the long-term storage of radioactive waste.

[0087] As a preferred embodiment, please refer to Figure 4 It is understood that step S4 also includes the automatic rise of the lower positioning unloading component 27 when the drum cake is stuck in the sleeve 243, and the precise support of the bottom of the sleeve 243, so that the sleeve 243 remains stable, while reserving sufficient unloading space for the bottom of the drum cake. The purpose of this operation is to ensure that no additional damage is caused to the sleeve 243 or the drum cake during the process of solving the jamming problem. Subsequently, downward pressure is applied by the pressure head 242, and the jammed drum cake is pressed down from the sleeve 243 with uniform force. During this process, the pressure magnitude and direction of the pressure head 242 are monitored by the system to ensure that the force application process is smooth and precise, and to avoid deformation or damage to the drum cake due to uneven pressure. After the pressure head 242 completes the pressing action, the drum cake will be smoothly discharged from the sleeve 243 through the unloading channel, thereby realizing the automated solution to the problem of drum cake jamming, improving production efficiency, and reducing the frequency of manual intervention and operational risks.

[0088] In a preferred embodiment, the preferred operation in step S6 refers to the height detection device 10 transmitting the height data of the steel patties to the electronic control system 4; combining the heights of all the patties temporarily stored on the patty selection platform 12; and performing a drum filling operation on the largest height combination of steel drums with a height of 200L or less. Specifically,

[0089] Assume the height of the 200L steel drum 13 is h. 200L Read the height data of p steel discs {h1, h2, ..., h p};

[0090] The first step is to take one steel disc at a time, for a total of C. p 1= p combinations and record height data, detect all C p 1 Are all the heights in the middle greater than h? 200L If so, the staff will be notified that the filling cannot be completed; otherwise, proceed to the next step.

[0091] The second step is to take two steel discs each time, for a total of C. p 2 =p·(p-1) / (2·1) ​​combinations and record the total height data in each combination, detect all C p 2 Is the total height of all values ​​greater than h? 200L If so, then prompt the staff at C. p 1 Take less than or equal to h 200L Pack the cakes into the barrels with the highest possible height; otherwise, proceed to the next step.

[0092] Until the k-th step, k steel discs are taken each time, for a total of C. p k =p·(p-1)·...·(p-k+1) / (k·(k-1)·...·1) combinations and record the total height data in each combination, and detect all C p k Is the total height of all values ​​greater than h? 200L If so, then prompt the staff at C. p 1 C p 2 , ...,C p k-1 Take h as the least than or equal to all combinations 200L Pack the cakes into the barrels with the highest possible height; otherwise, proceed to the next step.

[0093] Finally, at step k+1, k+1 steel discs are taken each time, for a total of C. p k+1 =p·(p-1)·...·(pk) / ((k+1)·k·...·1) combinations and record the total height data in each combination, detecting all C p k+1 The total height is greater than h 200L The staff were prompted to be in C p 1 C p 1 , ...,C p k Take h as the least than or equal to all combinations 200L The highest-height barrels of cake are combined for packing.

[0094] This invention, through the unique design of the upper pressure head assembly 24, combined with hydraulic and electromagnetic induction heating, effectively improves the compression efficiency of steel drums, especially by reducing the rebound of plastic through thermal softening; the sleeve 243 restricts the radial deformation of the drum cake, improving compaction accuracy; the integrated drilling robotic arm 28 and the fine debris blowing robotic arm 29 solve the problems of poor gas release and metal debris contamination in traditional operations; the vacuum pump 210 and HEPA high-efficiency filter 211 further ensure the safety and cleanliness of the operating environment; to address the problem of drum cake jamming, the designed lower positioning unloading assembly 27 ensures smooth unloading and improves equipment efficiency; the batch compaction tooling production line achieves a high degree of automation, covering hoisting, positioning, and compression, and through intelligent height detection and vision inspection modules, significantly improves the automation level and safety of the production line, meeting the high-efficiency requirements of radioactive solid waste treatment.

[0095] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this invention and their equivalents, the schematic diagram of this invention includes these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A radioactive solid waste treatment device, characterized in that, include: The main body of the super-compressor is used to compact and reduce the volume of a steel drum into a steel cake. The supercompressor body includes: a frame for providing an installation foundation and supporting load-bearing function; front and rear opening / closing windows for radioactive aerosol isolation and sealing of the operating area; a hydraulic system for providing power for high-pressure compaction of the steel drum; an upper pressure head assembly for contacting and high-pressure extruding the steel drum; a guide column for guiding the movement of the upper pressure head assembly; a lower bearing plate for supporting the steel drum to be compressed and bearing the compressive force; a lower positioning and unloading assembly for positioning the steel drum and assisting in unloading when the steel disc becomes stuck; and a drilling robotic arm for drilling holes in the steel drum at predetermined positions to facilitate the release of internal gas. The system includes a debris-blowing robotic arm for removing metal shavings generated during drilling and compaction, a vacuum pump for creating a vacuum to collect fine particles, and a HEPA high-efficiency filter for filtering fine particles to prevent aerosol nuclear contamination. The hydraulic system is connected to the upper pressure head assembly to drive the upper pressure head assembly for high-pressure extrusion. The upper pressure head assembly includes: a hydraulic plate for vertical displacement and pressure transmission, a pressure head for direct contact and pressure application to the steel drum, a sleeve for radial compression deformation restriction of the drum cake, and an electromagnetic induction heating component for heating the radioactive solid waste inside the steel drum to meet the compaction process requirements. A feeding robot is used to place steel drums containing radioactive solid waste from the front opening window into the pressure area. A discharge robot is used to remove the steel cake from the rear opening and closing window of the superpressurizer body.

2. The radioactive solid waste treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The front and rear opening / closing windows are hinged to the frame and form a closed cavity by cooperating with the frame; the lower positioning and unloading assembly is movably fitted to the lower support plate and is controlled by the hydraulic system to achieve telescopic movement.

3. The radioactive solid waste treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drilling robotic arm is mounted on the frame, and the chip blowing robotic arm is located on the opposite side of the drilling robotic arm and is connected to an external high-pressure nitrogen supply system via a pipe; the vacuum pump is connected to the cavity of the frame via a pipe, and the HEPA high-efficiency filter is connected to the output end of the vacuum pump.

4. A radioactive solid waste treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure head is fixedly connected to the hydraulic plate, the sleeve is concentric with the pressure head, the sleeve is connected to the hydraulic plate by a spring and a shock absorber, and the electromagnetic induction heating assembly is arranged on the outer periphery of the sleeve.

5. A radioactive solid waste treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lower positioning plug assembly is fitted to the lower support plate via a magnetohydrodynamic sealing structure.

6. A treatment method based on the radioactive solid waste treatment apparatus according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Steel drum hoisting and pre-treatment, including: The steel drums are lifted from the conveyor rollers to the designated location by a steel drum transport crane; the steel drum transport crane is equipped with special steel drum grippers to ensure that the steel drums are stable and safe during the lifting process; the steel drums are transferred to a high-frequency electric vibration table for vibration operation, which is used to shake the radioactive solid waste inside the steel drums to make it evenly distributed; S2: Steel drum positioning and drilling, including: The fine debris blowing robotic arm cleans the lower support plate; the lower positioning and unblocking assembly adjusts the length of the movable telescopic part to match the positioning of the steel drum before retracting; the feeding robotic arm accurately places the steel drum containing radioactive solid waste into the pressure-receiving area; the opening and closing window is operated to close to seal the working area, and the vacuum pump is then started to extract the generated radioactive gas and aerosol, which are then filtered by the HEPA high-efficiency filter and discharged into the ventilation system; S3: Steel drum compression, including: Upon entering the overpressure stage, the upper pressure head assembly begins to move downwards, causing the sleeve to descend synchronously; the sleeve gradually and completely fits into the steel drum; the hydraulic plate continues to drive the pressure head to move downwards, axially compressing the steel drum, and finally compressing the steel drum into a drum-shaped disc. S4: Unloading the bucket / cake, including: During the unloading phase, the sleeve and the pressure head move upwards to the predetermined position, and the opening and closing window is opened; the discharge robot moves the steel cake from the superpressor body onto the conveyor roller. S5: Barrel cake detection, including: The barrel cake is transported to the inspection area via a conveyor roller, where the surface is inspected by a visual damage detection module. It is then transferred to a radiation measurement station for radiation measurement. Next, the surface of the barrel cake is marked by a laser marking station, and then height data is collected by a height detection device. S6: Barrel cake selection and storage, including: The barrel cake transport crane transports the barrel cake to the designated workstation on the barrel cake selection platform. Each workstation on the barrel cake selection platform is equipped with a precision positioning device. After the selection process, the barrel cake is loaded into a 200L steel drum and then transferred to a designated storage location for cement fixing via a special transfer device.

7. The processing method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The S3 step also includes that when the steel drum is compressed into a drum shape, the pressure head holds the pressure for n minutes, where n is a real number greater than 20, while the electromagnetic induction heating component heats the radioactive solid waste inside the steel drum to reduce the elastic rebound of the radioactive solid waste; after cooling for m minutes, where m is a real number greater than 10, the unloading stage begins.

8. The processing method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The S4 step also includes, if the barrel cake is stuck in the sleeve, the lower positioning unblocking assembly rises and supports the bottom of the sleeve so that the bottom of the barrel cake has sufficient unloading space, and then the pressure head applies downward pressure to press down the stuck barrel cake.

9. The processing method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The preferred operation in step S6 refers to the height detection device transmitting the height data of the steel cake to the electrical control system; combining the heights of all the pressed cakes temporarily stored on the drum cake preferred platform; and performing a drum filling operation on the maximum height combination that is less than or equal to the height of the 200L steel drum.

10. The processing method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The steps for performing the drum filling operation on the maximum height combination that is less than or equal to the height of the 200L steel drum are as follows: The first step is to collect the height data of one steel disc at a time, for a total of C. p 1 = p combinations and record height data {h1, h2, ..., h p }, detect all C p 1 Are all the heights in the middle greater than h? 200L h 200L If the height of the 200L steel drum is specified, the staff will be notified that the drum cannot be filled; otherwise, proceed to the next step. The second step involves taking the combined height data of two steel discs each time, for a total of C. p 2 =p·(p-1) / (2·1) ​​combinations and record the total height data in each combination, detect all C p 2 Is the total height of all values ​​greater than h? 200L If so, then prompt the staff at C. p 1 Take less than or equal to h 200L Pack the cakes into the barrels with the highest possible height; otherwise, proceed to the next step. In step k, each time take the combined height data of k steel discs, k≥3, for a total of C. p k =p·(p-1)·...·(p-k+1) / (k·(k-1)·...·1) combinations and record the total height data in each combination, and detect all C p k Is the total height of all values ​​greater than h? 200L If so, then prompt the staff at C. p 1 C p 2 , ...,C p k-1 Take h as the least than or equal to all combinations 200L Pack the cakes into the barrels with the highest possible height; otherwise, proceed to the next step. In step k+1, each time the combined height data of k+1 steel discs is taken, for a total of C. p k+1 =p·(p-1)·...·(pk) / ((k+1)·k·...·1) combinations and record the total height data in each combination, detecting all C p k+1 The total height is greater than h 200L The staff were prompted to be in C p 1 C p 1 , ...,C p k Take h as the least than or equal to all combinations 200L The highest-height barrels of cake are combined for packing.

Images