Fuel cell stack system and control method

Abstract

The invention provides a fuel cell stack system and a control method, and belongs to the technical field of fuel cell stacks. Comprising an electric pile power generation module, a PLC control system, a safety system, a hydrogen / air supply system and a component activation protection system. The part activation protection system comprises part voltage surge activation and purging activation. The component activation protection system comprises a membrane electrode component activation module, a bipolar plate component activation module and a super capacitor, the charge and discharge functions of the super capacitor are controlled through the system so as to realize online activation of the galvanic pile, the performance of the galvanic pile is improved, internal faults of the galvanic pile are solved through purging activation, and the performance of the galvanic pile is recovered; in addition, a closed-loop control system is formed by fully utilizing cooperative control among the IGBT circuit control system, the PLC system and the safety control system, a monitoring result is fed back to the PLC control system in real time, working parameters are automatically adjusted according to the actual working state of components, and it is ensured that the electric pile works in the optimal state all the time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fuel cell stacks, and in particular, to a fuel cell stack system and a control method. Background Art

[0002] Fuel cells, as an environmentally friendly, efficient and long-life power generation device, play an important role in the energy field. Taking the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) as an example, its working principle is: the reaction gas enters from the anode side, the hydrogen atoms lose electrons at the anode and turn into protons, the protons pass through the proton exchange membrane to the cathode, and the electrons reach the cathode through the external loop and combine with oxygen to generate water. Compared with traditional power generation methods, fuel cells convert chemical energy into electrical energy in a non-combustion way, and the direct power generation efficiency can be as high as 45%, which is not limited by the Carnot cycle. The system with the fuel cell stack as the core integrates power management, thermal management and other modules, and has the characteristics of coordinated management of heat, electricity, water and gas. Fuel cell system products are widely used, from fixed power stations to mobile power sources, from electric vehicles to spacecraft, from military equipment to civilian products, and have a wide range of applications.

[0003] The fuel cell stack system usually consists of a fuel cell stack, a BOP auxiliary system, etc. After hydrogen and air are introduced into the system, they are supplied to external loads and external circuits. The research and application of fuel cell stack activation technology is one of the important topics in the current hydrogen energy field. Activation technology directly affects the performance consistency and life of fuel cells, so it occupies a key position in fuel cell production. The main purpose of activation technology is to achieve the best performance state of the stack through a series of processes, such as proton exchange membrane humidification, material transmission channel establishment, electrode structure optimization, and improved catalyst layer activity. However, traditional activation methods such as constant current and variable current forced activation - by connecting to an external load or forcibly pulling the load to adjust the current or voltage to achieve rapid activation, this process lacks an effective control mechanism and lacks control and detection of the internal membrane, membrane electrode, and bipolar plate of the stack, resulting in the system being prone to current and voltage instability at the initial stage of load connection and the moment of forced loading, large load current fluctuations, and local overheating of the bipolar plate. At this time, the components inside the system may suffer unnecessary stress and loss, which in turn poses a challenge to the service life of the fuel cell stack system. Therefore, it is particularly important to design an online activation system for fuel cell stacks that is fast, safe and stable, so as to improve the reaction speed and stability of the system and extend its service life. Summary of the invention

[0004] According to the technical problems mentioned in the above background technology, a fuel cell stack system and a control method are provided.

[0005] The technical means adopted by the present invention are as follows:

[0006] A fuel cell stack system, comprising: a stack power generation module, an external load circuit, a PLC control system, a safety system, a hydrogen supply system and an air supply system; the stack power generation module is formed by connecting a plurality of stack bodies in parallel; the system also comprises: a component activation protection system;

[0007] The component activation protection system includes: component voltage impact activation and purge activation; the component voltage impact activation includes an IGBT control circuit connected to the battery stack power generation module and a supercapacitor connected to the IGBT control circuit; the purge activation includes: a bipolar plate activation protection module and a membrane electrode activation protection module;

[0008] The stack power generation module is connected to the component activation protection system, the external load circuit and the safety control system; the hydrogen inlet and the air inlet of the stack power generation module are respectively connected to the hydrogen supply system and the air supply system pipelines; the stack power generation module, the component activation protection system, the safety system, the external load circuit, the hydrogen supply system, and the air supply system are connected to the PLC control system;

[0009] The membrane electrode activation protection module and the bipolar plate activation protection module both include: a liquid control unit; the liquid control unit is an acidic or alkaline solution tank whose flow rate and flow rate are controlled by a PLC control system.

[0010] Furthermore, the flow rate in the acidic or alkaline solution tank is 0 to 1000 mL / min, and the liquid in the acidic solution tank is 0 to 2 mol / l H + The liquid in the alkaline solution tank is 0 to 2 mol / l OH - of aqueous solution.

[0011] Furthermore, the safety control system includes: a stop valve and a gas leakage alarm module.

[0012] The present invention also includes a control method for a fuel cell stack system, comprising the following steps:

[0013] S1, pre-ventilation: start the hydrogen supply system and air supply system to allow the gas to enter the purification pipeline of the fuel cell power generation module;

[0014] S2, component detection; in the case of continuous ventilation, the IGBT control circuit checks the open circuit voltage at the power switch of the stack power generation module and feeds back the detected open circuit voltage signal to the PLC control system; if the lowest value of the detected open circuit voltage is ≥0.9V, the stack power generation module performs the rapid activation operation normally, that is, enters the component voltage impact activation step a; if the lowest value of the detected open circuit voltage is ≤0<0.9V, the stack power generation module has a problem and enters the component purge activation step b;

[0015] Step a of component voltage shock activation: the supercapacitor is powered on, and the IGBT control circuit, supercapacitor, and stack power generation module are all connected to each other, and current is loaded to charge the supercapacitor and perform rapid activation of the membrane electrode and bipolar plate; the rapid activation is maintained for 0 to 2 hours;

[0016] Parts purging and activation step b: start the membrane electrode activation protection module and the bipolar plate activation protection module to perform liquid purging;

[0017] S3. The battery stack system discharges externally. Meanwhile, the IGBT control circuit keeps detecting the voltage of each battery cell. If the difference between the highest voltage and the lowest voltage of the battery cell is ≥100mV, step S2 is repeated until the difference between the highest voltage and the lowest voltage is less than 100mV.

[0018] Furthermore, the time for purifying the pipeline in step 1 is 1 to 10 minutes; the flow rate of gas entering the fuel cell power generation module is 100-2000mL / min.

[0019] Furthermore, in the step a of voltage shock activation of the component, the current density of the loaded current is 0-1000 mA / cm2, and the time of loading the current is 0-2 hours.

[0020] Furthermore, in the step b of purging and activating the components, the liquid purging time is 0-1h.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0022] 1. The fuel cell stack system of the present invention includes a component activation protection module, which includes online rapid activation and component purge activation. On the one hand, the system controls the charging and discharging of the supercapacitor and flexibly utilizes the conversion of the output current and voltage, that is, the voltage is rapidly stepped in a short period of time to achieve online rapid activation of the stack. At the same time, an IGBT control circuit is also established in this process. The IGBT control circuit can perform circuit detection and dynamic adjustment. For example, when an abnormal fluctuation in the voltage of a certain battery cell is found, the IGBT circuit can quickly adjust its output current to maintain the consistency of the current in the stack to prevent component damage caused by extreme conditions. After activation, it helps to achieve real-time response to external voltage and current requirements, reduce response time, and thereby reduce fluctuations in current density of external loads, thereby protecting external loads.

[0023] On the other hand, the component purge activation uses a liquid control unit. For the membrane electrode, acidic or alkaline liquid is introduced to flush the catalytic layer and proton exchange membrane to improve the conductivity. When the system is started, the component purge activation module itself can be used to generate water without connecting to an external load or external circuit to complete the humidification measures, and the membrane electrode performance quickly reaches workable performance.

[0024] Similarly, for bipolar plates, the flow of acidic or alkaline liquid introduced by the liquid control unit can remove the residual water inside the flow field, and at the same time clean the passivation layer on the surface of the bipolar plate, thereby increasing the resistance of the bipolar plate and thus improving the performance of the bipolar plate.

[0025] 2. The present invention makes full use of the coordinated control between the IGBT circuit control system and the PLC system and the safety control system to realize real-time monitoring and automatic adjustment of the performance of the internal components of the battery stack while continuously supplying power. Specifically, through the sensors and data acquisition units in the IGBT circuit, the key parameters such as temperature, pressure, voltage and current inside the battery stack can be continuously monitored. These data will be fed back to the PLC system and the safety control system in real time to timely evaluate the working status of each component, so that the PLC system and the safety control system can monitor whether the performance of the component has declined or whether there is a hidden danger of failure, and then activate the performance recovery function through program control - that is, turn on the component activation protection module to realize the activation treatment of the membrane electrode and bipolar plate, forming a closed-loop control system, and the monitoring results will be fed back to the PLC control system in real time, and the working parameters will be automatically adjusted according to the actual working status of the component to ensure that the battery stack always works in the best state.

[0026] In addition, the coordinated control between the IGBT circuit control system, PLC system and safety control system can also predict potential failure modes and issue early warnings based on the accumulation of historical data feedback through program control.

[0027] 3. The IGBT control circuit of the present invention can also automatically help restore the performance of the membrane electrode and the bipolar plate by adjusting the output of the IGBT and adjusting the charging current. For example, by applying a certain current, a small current electrolysis produces water, promotes the regeneration of reactants, improves the wet state of the membrane electrode, and thus improves the power generation capacity of the membrane electrode.

[0028] 4. The present invention can achieve regular cleaning and activation: through the coordinated control of the IGBT system and the PLC system, the liquid purge process can be started regularly according to demand to clean and activate the membrane electrode and bipolar plate in the stack system, expel impurities deposited on the surface, and restore its conductivity and reaction efficiency.

[0029] In summary, the present invention can utilize the life extension control strategy proposed by the coordinated control of the IGBT circuit, PLC system, and safety control system to monitor the performance of components inside the stack in real time while continuously supplying power, and has the function of recovering component performance, thereby reducing the long-term unhealthy external output of the fuel cell stack system, thereby extending the service life of the fuel cell stack system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0031] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the connection of the system modules of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the life extension control strategy of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the scheme of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present invention and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchanged where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present invention described herein can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, for example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units that are clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0035] like Figure 1-2 As shown, the present invention provides a fuel cell stack system, including: a stack power generation module, an external load circuit, a PLC control system, a component activation protection system, a safety system, a hydrogen supply system, and an air supply system. Preferably, the stack power generation module is also connected to conventional fuel cell system module circuits such as a DC / DC, a DC / AC inverter system, and a thermal management system.

[0036] Preferably, in the present application, the fuel cell power generation module is formed by connecting a plurality of fuel cell bodies in parallel.

[0037] Preferably, in the present application, the component activation protection system includes: component voltage shock activation and purge activation; the component voltage shock activation includes an IGBT control circuit connected to the stack power generation module and a supercapacitor connected to the IGBT control circuit; the purge activation includes: a bipolar plate activation protection module and a membrane electrode activation protection module.

[0038] The fuel cell power generation module is connected to the component activation protection system, the external load circuit and the safety control system; the hydrogen inlet and the air inlet of the fuel cell power generation module are respectively connected to the hydrogen supply system and the air supply system pipelines; the fuel cell power generation module, the component activation protection system, the safety system (including: stop valve and gas leakage alarm module), the external load circuit, the hydrogen supply system, the air supply system are connected to the PLC control system.

[0039] The membrane electrode activation protection module and the bipolar plate activation protection module both include: a liquid control unit; the liquid control unit is an acidic or alkaline solution tank whose flow rate and flow rate are controlled by a PLC control system.

[0040] In the present application, the flow rate in the acidic or alkaline solution tank is 0 to 1000 mL / min, and the liquid in the acidic solution tank is 0 to 2 mol / l H + The liquid in the alkaline solution tank is 0 to 2 mol / l OH - of aqueous solution.

[0041] The present invention also includes a control method for a fuel cell stack system, comprising the following steps:

[0042] S1. Pre-ventilation: Start the hydrogen supply system and the air supply system, and allow the gas to enter the fuel cell power generation module for 1 to 10 minutes to purify the pipeline; the flow rate of gas entering the fuel cell power generation module is 100-2000mL / min. In this application, by replacing the impurity gas in the pipeline and improving the performance of the fuel cell as soon as possible, the expected results are achieved. For example, if there was oxygen in the hydrogen pipeline before, after it was replaced, the danger caused by the presence of oxygen and the harm to the membrane electrode can be reduced when the fuel cell generates electricity.

[0043] S2. Component detection: Under continuous ventilation, the IGBT control circuit checks the open circuit voltage at the power switch of the stack power module and feeds back the detected open circuit voltage signal to the PLC control system; if the lowest value of the detected open circuit voltage is ≥0.9V, the stack power module performs the rapid activation operation normally, that is, enters the component voltage impact activation step a; if the lowest value of the detected open circuit voltage is ≤0<0.9V, there is a problem with the stack power module and enters the component purge activation step b;

[0044] Component voltage shock activation step a: The supercapacitor is powered on, and the IGBT control circuit, supercapacitor, and battery stack power generation module are all connected to each other at 0-1000mA / cm 2 Load within the current density range to charge the supercapacitor, and realize online rapid activation of the membrane electrode and bipolar plate through the rapid step change impact of the voltage brought by the supercapacitor charging and discharging process in a short period of time, and the rapid activation is maintained for 0 to 2 hours;

[0045] Parts purging and activation step b: start the membrane electrode activation protection module and the bipolar plate activation protection module to perform liquid purging; the duration is 0 to 1 hour;

[0046] S3, the battery stack system discharges externally; the supercapacitor is powered off, and the hydrogen supply system and the air supply system are started; the external load is connected, and the voltage and current are continuously output to the outside. The external load gradually increases the current generated by the battery stack power generation module until the current of the battery stack power generation module reaches the threshold of the load current and voltage. Then, the battery stack system will continue to operate to provide power to the external load; at the same time, the IGBT control circuit keeps detecting the voltage of each battery. If the difference between the highest voltage and the lowest voltage of the battery is ≥100mV, repeat step S2 until the difference between the highest voltage and the lowest voltage is less than 100mV.

[0047] Example 1

[0048] 1) Assembling a fuel cell stack power generation module: assembling the membrane electrode and the bipolar plate into a fuel cell stack. In this embodiment, 10 fuel cell stacks are assembled in parallel into a fuel cell stack power generation module.

[0049] 2) Assembly of component activation protection system: a component voltage shock activation module and a purge activation module are set; wherein, the component voltage shock activation module is mainly set to connect the IGBT control circuit and the supercapacitor; the purge activation module is a membrane electrode activation protection module and a bipolar plate activation protection module; wherein, the membrane electrode activation protection module and the bipolar plate activation protection module both include a liquid control unit; the liquid control unit is an acid solution tank with a flow rate of 1000mL / min, and the liquid therein is a 2mol / l H+ aqueous solution, and the gas flow rate and flow rate are also controlled by the IGBT control circuit.

[0050] 3) The fuel cell power generation module is connected to the component activation protection system, external load circuit and safety control system; the hydrogen inlet and air inlet of the fuel cell power generation module are respectively connected to the hydrogen supply system and air supply system pipelines; the fuel cell power generation module, component activation protection system, safety system, external load circuit, hydrogen supply system, air supply system are connected to the PLC control system.

[0051] 4) Specific operation method:

[0052] S1. Pre-ventilation: Start the hydrogen supply system and air supply system to allow the gas to enter the fuel cell power generation module and continue to purge the evolution pipeline at a flow rate of 2000mL / min for 2 minutes;

[0053] S2. Component detection: Under continuous ventilation, the IGBT control circuit checks the open circuit voltage at the power switch of the battery stack power generation module and feeds back the detected open circuit voltage signal to the PLC control system; the IGBT control circuit checks the open circuit voltage at the power switch of the battery stack power generation module. At this time, the lowest voltage is 0.95V, which is ≥0.9V, and the circuit is in a normal state. At this time, the component voltage shock activation step a can be directly performed;

[0054] Component voltage shock activation step a: The IGBT control circuit connects the supercapacitor to the fuel cell stack power generation module at 0-1000mA / cm 2 The current density range is increased by 50 mA / cm every 10 minutes. 2 The current density is not more than 1000mA / cm 2 , charge the supercapacitor and quickly activate the membrane electrode and bipolar plate, lasting for 2 hours;

[0055] S3, power-on operation of the stack system: disconnect the supercapacitor, restart the hydrogen supply system and air supply system, and connect the external load, continuously output voltage and current to the outside, and the external load gradually increases the current generated by the stack power generation module until the current of the stack power generation module reaches the threshold of the load current and voltage. Then, the stack system will continue to operate to provide power to the external load; at the same time, the IGBT control circuit keeps detecting the voltage of each battery cell. If fluctuation occurs, repeat step S2 until recovery.

[0056] Example 2

[0057] 1) Assembling a fuel cell stack power generation module: assembling the membrane electrode and the bipolar plate into a fuel cell stack. In this embodiment, three fuel cell stacks are assembled in parallel into a fuel cell stack power generation module.

[0058] 2) Assembly of component activation protection system: a component voltage shock activation module and a purge activation module are set; wherein, the component voltage shock activation module is mainly set to connect the IGBT control circuit and the supercapacitor; the purge activation module is a membrane electrode activation protection module and a bipolar plate activation protection module; wherein, the membrane electrode activation protection module and the bipolar plate activation protection module both include a liquid control unit; the liquid control unit is an alkaline solution tank with a flow rate of 100 mL / min, and the liquid therein is a 0.5 mol / L OH- aqueous solution, and the gas flow rate and flow rate are also controlled by the IGBT control circuit.

[0059] 3) The fuel cell power generation module is connected to the component activation protection system, external load circuit and safety control system; the hydrogen inlet and air inlet of the fuel cell power generation module are respectively connected to the hydrogen supply system and air supply system pipelines; the fuel cell power generation module, component activation protection system, safety system, external load circuit, hydrogen supply system, air supply system are connected to the PLC control system.

[0060] 4) Specific operation method:

[0061] S1. Pre-ventilation: Start the hydrogen supply system and the air supply system to allow the gas to enter the fuel cell power generation module and purge the evolution pipeline at a flow rate of 100 mL / min for 10 minutes to purify the pipeline;

[0062] S2, component detection: Under continuous ventilation, the IGBT control circuit checks the open circuit voltage at the power switch of the stack power generation module and feeds back the detected open circuit voltage signal to the PLC control system; the IGBT control circuit checks the open circuit voltage at the power switch of the stack power generation module. At this time, the lowest voltage is 0.4V, which is ≤0<0.9V. There is a problem with the stack power generation module, and the component purge activation step b is entered at this time;

[0063] Step b of component purge activation: start the membrane electrode activation protection module and the bipolar plate activation protection module, and the IGBT control circuit controls the liquid purge for 30 minutes;

[0064] S3, power-on operation of the stack system: disconnect the supercapacitor, restart the hydrogen supply system and air supply system, and connect the external load, continuously output voltage and current to the outside, and the external load gradually increases the current generated by the stack power generation module until the current of the stack power generation module reaches the threshold of the load current and voltage. Then, the stack system will continue to operate to provide power to the external load; at the same time, the IGBT control circuit keeps detecting the voltage of each battery cell. If fluctuation occurs, repeat step S2 until recovery.

[0065] The serial numbers of the above embodiments of the present invention are only for description and do not represent the advantages or disadvantages of the embodiments.

[0066] In the above embodiments of the present invention, the description of each embodiment has its own emphasis. For parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, reference can be made to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0067] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed technical content can be implemented in other ways. Among them, the device embodiments described above are only schematic. For example, the division of the units can be a logical function division. There may be other division methods in actual implementation. For example, multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be through some interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection of units or modules, which can be electrical or other forms.

[0068] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed on multiple units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the present embodiment.

[0069] In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit. The above-mentioned integrated unit may be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of software functional units.

[0070] If the integrated unit is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution can be embodied in the form of a software product, and the computer software product is stored in a storage medium, including a number of instructions for a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server or a network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the method described in each embodiment of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes: U disk, read-only memory (ROM, Read-Only Memory), random access memory (RAM, Random Access Memory), mobile hard disk, magnetic disk or optical disk and other media that can store program codes.

[0071] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fuel cell stack system, comprising: A fuel cell power generation module, an external load circuit, a PLC control system, a safety system, a hydrogen supply system and an air supply system; characterized in that the fuel cell power generation module is formed by connecting a plurality of fuel cells in parallel; the system further comprises: a component activation protection system; The component activation protection system includes: component voltage impact activation and purge activation; the component voltage impact activation includes an IGBT control circuit connected to the battery stack power generation module and a supercapacitor connected to the IGBT control circuit; the purge activation includes: a bipolar plate activation protection module and a membrane electrode activation protection module; The stack power generation module is connected to the component activation protection system, the external load circuit and the safety control system; the hydrogen inlet and the air inlet of the stack power generation module are respectively connected to the hydrogen supply system and the air supply system pipelines; the stack power generation module, the component activation protection system, the safety system, the external load circuit, the hydrogen supply system, and the air supply system are connected to the PLC control system; The membrane electrode activation protection module and the bipolar plate activation protection module both include: a liquid control unit; the liquid control unit is an acidic or alkaline solution tank whose flow rate and flow rate are controlled by a PLC control system.

2. A fuel cell stack system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flow rate in the acidic or alkaline solution tank is 0 to 1000 mL / min, and the liquid in the acidic solution tank is 0 to 2 mol / l H + The liquid in the alkaline solution tank is 0 to 2 mol / l OH - of aqueous solution.

3. A fuel cell stack system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The safety control system comprises: a stop valve and a gas leakage alarm module.

4. A control method for a fuel cell stack system, using the system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, pre-ventilation; Start the hydrogen supply system and air supply system to allow the gas to enter the purification pipeline of the fuel cell power generation module; S2, component detection; in the case of continuous ventilation, the IGBT control circuit checks the open circuit voltage at the power switch of the battery stack power generation module and feeds back the detected open circuit voltage signal to the PLC control system; if the lowest value of the detected open circuit voltage is ≥0.9V, the step a of component voltage shock activation is entered; if the lowest value of the detected open circuit voltage is ≤0<0.9V, the step b of component purge activation is entered; Step a of component voltage shock activation: the supercapacitor is powered on, and at the same time, the IGBT control circuit, supercapacitor, and stack power generation module are all connected to each other and loaded with current; Parts purging and activation step b: start the membrane electrode activation protection module and the bipolar plate activation protection module to perform liquid purging; S3. The battery stack system discharges externally. Meanwhile, the IGBT control circuit keeps detecting the voltage of each battery cell. If the difference between the highest voltage and the lowest voltage of the battery cell is ≥100mV, step S2 is repeated until the difference between the highest voltage and the lowest voltage is less than 100mV.

5. The control method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The time for purifying the pipeline in S1 is 1 to 10 minutes; the flow rate of gas entering the fuel cell power generation module is 100-2000mL / min.

6. The control method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The current density of the loading current in the step a of voltage impulse activation of the component is 0 to 1000 mA / cm 2 , the current loading time is 0-2h.

7. The control method according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the step b of component purging and activation, the liquid purging time is 0-1h.

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