Self-maintaining water absorption type vegetation blanket for resource utilization of waste distillers' grains

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration, and particularly discloses a self-sustaining water absorption type vegetation blanket for waste vinasse resource utilization, the vegetation blanket structure comprises a lower net layer, a pulp paper layer, a matrix seed layer, a fiber foaming layer and an upper net layer, the matrix seed layer is formed by mixing a nutrient soil matrix and plant seeds, and the fiber foaming layer is formed by mixing a fiber foaming layer and a fiber foaming layer; the fiber foaming layer is formed by mixing and foaming distillers' grains, a hydrothermal carbon-hydrogel modified material, plant fibers and a foaming solution. The vegetation blanket is simple in structure and low in cost, resource reutilization of the waste vinasse is achieved, storage and transportation are convenient, meanwhile, the added modified materials and plant fibers have the effects of improving the air permeability and water retention of soil and improving the fertility of the soil, plants can obtain sufficient nutrition and air growth, and the vegetation effect is good. The method is suitable for ecological restoration in multiple fields such as side slope regreening, ecological slope protection and bank and dam protection.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration, and in particular to a self-sustaining water-absorbing vegetation blanket for resource utilization of waste wine lees. Background Art

[0002] The current situation of soil erosion and soil loss on slopes is severe, and has become a major issue that needs to be solved urgently in the field of ecological and environmental protection. Under the influence of natural factors such as heavy rainfall, wind erosion, and the complex and changeable topography, coupled with the influence of human activities such as over-exploitation, unreasonable farming, and infrastructure construction, the soil erosion and soil erosion on slopes are becoming increasingly serious. This not only leads to the loss of a large amount of precious soil resources and reduces the productivity of the land, but also seriously damages the natural stable structure of the slope and increases the risk of natural disasters such as landslides and mud-rock flows. Therefore, in the face of the severe situation of soil erosion and soil erosion on slopes, taking effective measures to control and prevent them and restore the natural ecological functions of the slopes has become an urgent need to ensure regional ecological security and promote sustainable development.

[0003] Existing slope ecological restoration technologies mainly include artificial grass slope protection, hydraulic spray grass slope protection, geocell grass slope protection and other methods. Artificial grass slope protection has problems such as uneven grass seed sowing and low survival rate, and it is often difficult to achieve the ideal slope protection effect; hydraulic spray grass slope protection has fast construction speed and high construction quality, but the soil consolidation and water retention capacity is low, and it is easy to form runoff gullies and erosion; geocell grass slope protection is not restricted by geological conditions and has a better greening effect, but the construction technology is relatively complex, the project cost is high, and the thickness of the sprayed matrix material is difficult to control. If it is too thin, it is easy to fall off, and if it is too thick, the hanging net is easy to fall off.

[0004] As a new type of ecological restoration technology, vegetation mat has the functions of quickly restoring vegetation, preventing soil erosion, and improving soil structure. Compared with traditional slope reinforcement technology, the construction cost of vegetation mat is usually lower. After the restoration is completed, the self-growth of plants can reduce subsequent maintenance costs, reflecting higher economic benefits. It is widely used in soil and water conservation, river management, mine restoration and other fields.

[0005] Wine lees are a byproduct of the winemaking process, containing a large amount of organic matter and nutrients. Traditional wine lees treatment methods are often through stacking, landfilling or incineration, which not only wastes resources but also may pollute the environment. How to recycle waste wine lees has become an important research topic.

[0006] Using waste distiller's grains as raw materials to make hydrochar not only realizes the resource utilization of waste, but the hydrochar material can also be used as a soil conditioner to improve soil fertility and water retention capacity. It can then be combined with hydrogels with good water absorption to form modified materials, which can be added to vegetation blankets to effectively enhance the functions of the vegetation blankets, with significant environmental, economic and social benefits. Summary of the invention

[0007] In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a self-sustaining water-absorbing vegetation blanket for the resource utilization of waste wine lees. By integrating wine lees, hydrothermal carbon-hydrogel modified materials, coconut shreds and other innovative materials, the moisture retention capacity, soil fertility and support for plant growth of the vegetation blanket are improved. The vegetation blanket not only realizes the resource utilization of waste wine lees, but also has significant environmental, economic and social benefits, solving the problems mentioned in the above background technology.

[0008] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a self-sustaining water-absorbing vegetation blanket for resource utilization of waste wine lees, the vegetation blanket structure comprising a lower mesh layer, a pulp and paper layer, a matrix seed layer, a fiber foaming layer, and an upper mesh layer, each layer being quilted and connected from bottom to top, and the vegetation blanket has a thickness ranging from 20 mm to 30 mm.

[0009] Preferably, the lower mesh layer and the upper mesh layer are coconut silk mesh; and the pulp paper layer is degradable wood pulp paper.

[0010] Preferably, the matrix seed layer is a mixture of nutrient soil matrix and plant seeds, and the plant seeds are alfalfa seeds.

[0011] Preferably, the nutrient soil matrix includes nutrient soil that provides nutrition for seed germination and growth and hydrothermal charcoal-hydrogel modified material, and the mass ratio of the nutrient soil to the hydrothermal charcoal-hydrogel modified material is 50:1.

[0012] Preferably, the fiber foaming layer is formed by mixing and foaming wine lees, hydrothermal carbon-hydrogel modified material, plant fiber and foaming solution, and its solid-liquid ratio is 1:8-12; the mass volume ratio of the wine lees, hydrothermal carbon-hydrogel modified material, plant fiber and foaming solution is 16g:5-15g:10-20g:248-504mL.

[0013] The foaming process is to react the vegetation blanket under a 400W microwave condition for 8 minutes so that the fiber foaming layer becomes a fluffy and porous structure.

[0014] Preferably, the plant fiber is coconut shreds; and the foaming solution is prepared by mixing polyvinyl alcohol, corn starch, ammonium bicarbonate, and azodicarbonamide with water.

[0015] Preferably, the mass volume ratio of polyvinyl alcohol, corn starch, ammonium bicarbonate, azodicarbonamide and water in the foaming solution is 30g:30g:5g:15g:1000mL.

[0016] Preferably, the hydrocharcoal-hydrogel modified material is a modified material made of hydrocharcoal and hydrogel in equal proportions made from waste wine lees as raw materials, which can complete the resource recycling of wine lees. Hydrogel has extremely high water absorption and retention capacity, which can significantly improve the water retention of soil, reduce water evaporation, and provide a continuous water supply for plants; hydrocharcoal can improve soil structure, increase soil air permeability and water retention, and is rich in trace elements, which helps to improve soil fertility. The new modified material formed by the two has both advantages and is a key component in the design of vegetation blankets.

[0017] Preferably, the preparation of the hydrothermal carbon-hydrogel modified material comprises the following steps:

[0018] S1. Preparation of hydrogel material: Add acrylamide, ammonium persulfate and N-N'methylene acrylamide to pure water respectively, stir evenly and put into a 70°C water bath, heat for 2 hours and then take out, wait for cooling, wash away the unreacted reagents with anhydrous ethanol, put into a 60°C oven, wait for complete drying, pour into a powder grinder, grind into fine particles to obtain a hydrogel material;

[0019] S2. Preparation of hydrothermal carbon material: After washing the waste lees with clean water, wash it with pure water for 2 to 3 times, put it into a 100°C oven for drying, take it out and cool it, then grind it into powder, and pass it through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain lees powder; mix the lees powder with pure water in a mass ratio of 1:7, pour it into a reactor, and react it at 200°C for 6 hours; after cooling, pour out the supernatant, wash the lower solid matter with pure water for 3 to 4 times, put it into a 100°C oven for drying, and grind it after drying to obtain a hydrothermal carbon material;

[0020] S3. Preparation of hydrothermal carbon-hydrogel modified material: mixing hydrothermal carbon and hydrogel in equal proportions to obtain hydrothermal carbon-hydrogel modified material.

[0021] Preferably, in step S1, the mass volume ratio of acrylamide, ammonium persulfate, N-N'methylene acrylamide and pure water is 40g:40g:1.2g:1000mL.

[0022] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0023] 1) The vegetation blanket of the present invention uses waste distiller's grains as the main raw material, and converts it into a material with water retention and nutritional value through hydrothermal carbonization technology, which not only solves the problem of handling waste distiller's grains, but also realizes the recycling of resources.

[0024] 2) The vegetation blanket of the present invention uses degradable plant fiber coconut shreds and waste distiller's grains, which will not cause secondary pollution to the environment after use, and is in line with the green, low-carbon and sustainable development concept.

[0025] 3) The vegetation blanket of the present invention has high water absorption performance, can effectively absorb and store rainwater or irrigation water, and provide sufficient water for plant growth; at the same time, its water retention performance is also very strong, which can reduce the evaporation of surface water, reduce irrigation frequency and water consumption, and save water resources and irrigation costs.

[0026] 4) The vegetation blanket of the present invention can promote plant growth. The waste lees contain rich organic matter and trace elements, which can provide necessary nutrient support for plant growth, which helps to promote the growth and development of plants and increase the growth rate and coverage of plants.

[0027] 5) The vegetation blanket of the present invention can not only quickly restore vegetation coverage, but also effectively improve soil structure, soil fertility and anti-erosion ability. This is of great significance for ecological restoration in ecologically fragile areas such as mines and desertification.

[0028] 6) The construction process of the vegetation blanket of the present invention is relatively simple and quick, does not require complex construction equipment and a large amount of manpower, and has relatively low production and maintenance costs. At the same time, it has good adaptability and flexibility and can adapt to various complex terrains and climatic conditions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a self-sustaining water-absorbing vegetation blanket for recycling waste distiller's grains in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of a vegetation blanket in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3a This is the SEM image of the hydrothermal carbon material in the embodiment;

[0032] Figure 3b It is the SEM picture of the hydrogel material in the embodiment;

[0033] Figure 4a The XRD pattern of the hydrothermal carbon material in the embodiment;

[0034] Figure 4b is the XRD pattern of the hydrogel material in the embodiment;

[0035] Figure 5a FTIR graph of the hydrothermal carbon material in the embodiment;

[0036] Figure 5b FTIR graph of the hydrogel material in the embodiment;

[0037] Figure 6 This is a comparison chart of the moisture content of the vegetation blankets of Examples 1-9 within 48 hours;

[0038] Figure 7a This is a comparison chart of average plant heights within two months of laying the vegetation blankets of Examples 1-9;

[0039] Figure 7b This is a comparison chart of the highest plant heights within two months of laying the vegetation blankets of Examples 1-9. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] The present invention provides a technical solution: a self-sustaining water-absorbing vegetation blanket for recycling waste wine lees, the structure of which is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, it includes a lower mesh layer, a pulp and paper layer, a matrix seed layer, a fiber foam layer, and an upper mesh layer, and each layer is quilted and connected from bottom to top. The lower mesh layer and the upper mesh layer ensure the stability of the vegetation blanket structure and are not easily damaged during the transportation of the vegetation blanket. The pulp and paper layer further enhances the stability of the vegetation blanket and has a certain water absorption. The matrix seed layer includes nutrient soil with hydrothermal charcoal-hydrogel modified materials added as a matrix for plant growth, and plant seeds are reasonably arranged and evenly sown according to different local conditions. The fiber foam layer is a key component of the vegetation blanket, which is a mixture of wine lees, hydrothermal charcoal-hydrogel modified materials, plant fibers and foaming solution. It ensures the good water absorption and water retention performance of the vegetation blanket, the fluffy and porous ventilation structure, and the rich nutrient content, providing sufficient conditions for plant growth.

[0042] Specifically, the upper and lower mesh layers are made of degradable coconut fiber mesh, a natural material with high softness, air permeability and water retention. It can exert the erosion resistance effect in the initial stage of laying the vegetation blanket, maintain the structural stability of the vegetation blanket, and provide a relatively loose and breathable growth environment for the plant roots.

[0043] In order to make the plants germinate and grow normally, the waste wine lees itself has rich nutrients. The hydrothermal carbon material prepared with it as raw material is rich in trace elements, which helps to improve soil fertility. It is mixed with a hydrogel material with extremely high water absorption and retention capacity to form a new modified material, which can comprehensively improve the performance and ecological benefits of the vegetation blanket. At the same time, the foaming technology enables the interior of the vegetation blanket to provide a relatively loose and breathable growth environment for the plants, ensuring the stable growth of the plants.

[0044] The present invention adopts the above method and lists the following embodiments. The remaining layers are the same as above, and the ratio of the fiber foaming layer and the matrix seed layer is adjusted as follows:

[0045] Example 1

[0046] A self-sustaining water-absorbing vegetation blanket for resource utilization of waste wine lees, wherein the material addition ratio in the fiber foaming layer is as follows: the mass volume ratio of each component added in the fiber foaming layer is wine lees: coconut shreds: hydrothermal charcoal-hydrogel modified material: foaming solution = 16g: 5g: 10g: 248mL, that is, the addition ratio of other materials to the foaming solution is 1:8.

[0047] The ratio of the foaming solution is as follows: add 30 g of polyvinyl alcohol, 30 g of corn starch, 5 g of ammonium bicarbonate, and 15 g of azodicarbonamide into 1000 mL of water, and stir to mix evenly.

[0048] Preparation of hydrothermal carbon-hydrogel modified materials:

[0049] (1) Preparation of hydrogel materials

[0050] Add 40g acrylamide, 40g ammonium persulfate, and 1.2g N-N'methylene acrylamide to 1L pure water, stir evenly, and put into a 70℃ water bath. Heat for 2h and take out. Wait for it to cool down, wash away the unreacted reagents with anhydrous ethanol, put it into a 60℃ oven, wait for it to be completely dried, pour it into a powder machine, grind it into fine particles, and bag it for later use to obtain a hydrogel material. The SEM, XRD, and FTIR images of the hydrogel material are shown as follows: Figure 3b , Figure 4b , Figure 5b shown.

[0051] (2) Preparation of hydrothermal carbon materials

[0052] The discarded vinasse is washed with clean water, then washed with pure water for 2-3 times, dried in a 100°C oven, cooled and then pulverized, passed through an 80-mesh sieve, and bagged for later use to obtain fine vinasse powder and coarse vinasse powder.

[0053] Mix the fine lees powder and pure water in a mass ratio of 1:7, pour into the reactor, and react for 6 hours at 200°C. After cooling, pour off the supernatant, wash the lower solid matter with pure water 3 to 4 times, and put it into a 100°C oven for drying. Grind it and bag it for later use to obtain the hydrothermal carbon material. The SEM, XRD, and FTIR images of the hydrothermal carbon material are shown as follows: Figure 3a , Figure 4a , Figure 5a shown.

[0054] (3) Mixing the hydrothermal carbon and the hydrogel in equal proportions to obtain a hydrothermal carbon-hydrogel modified material.

[0055] 200 g of nutrient soil, 4 g of hydrothermal charcoal-hydrogel modified material, and 20 mL of foaming solution were added to the matrix seed layer, and alfalfa was selected as the plant seed.

[0056] The vegetation blanket as a whole was foamed under 400 W microwave conditions for 8 minutes to obtain a fluffy and porous structure.

[0057] Example 2

[0058] A self-sustaining water-absorbing vegetation blanket for resource utilization of waste wine lees, wherein the material addition ratio in the fiber foaming layer is as follows: the mass volume ratio of each component added in the fiber foaming layer is wine lees: coconut shreds: hydrothermal charcoal-hydrogel modified material: foaming solution = 16g: 5g: 16g: 370mL, that is, the addition ratio of other materials to the foaming solution is 1:10.

[0059] Example 3

[0060] A self-sustaining water-absorbing vegetation blanket for resource utilization of waste wine lees, wherein the material addition ratio in the fiber foaming layer is as follows: the mass volume ratio of each component added in the fiber foaming layer is wine lees: coconut shreds: hydrothermal charcoal-hydrogel modified material: foaming solution = 16g: 5g: 20g: 492mL, that is, the addition ratio of other materials to the foaming solution is 1:12.

[0061] Example 4

[0062] A self-sustaining water-absorbing vegetation blanket for resource utilization of waste wine lees, wherein the material addition ratio in the fiber foaming layer is as follows: the mass volume ratio of each component added in the fiber foaming layer is wine lees: coconut shreds: hydrothermal charcoal-hydrogel modified material: foaming solution = 16g: 10g: 10g: 360mL, that is, the addition ratio of other materials to the foaming solution is 1:10.

[0063] Example 5

[0064] A self-sustaining water-absorbing vegetation blanket for resource utilization of waste wine lees, wherein the material addition ratio in the fiber foaming layer is as follows: the mass volume ratio of each component added in the fiber foaming layer is wine lees: coconut shreds: hydrothermal charcoal-hydrogel modified material: foaming solution = 16g: 10g: 16g: 504mL, that is, the addition ratio of other materials to the foaming solution is 1:12.

[0065] Example 6

[0066] A self-sustaining water-absorbing vegetation blanket for resource utilization of waste wine lees, wherein the material addition ratio in the fiber foaming layer is as follows: the mass volume ratio of each component added in the fiber foaming layer is wine lees: coconut shreds: hydrothermal charcoal-hydrogel modified material: foaming solution = 16g: 10g: 20g: 368mL, that is, the addition ratio of other materials to the foaming solution is 1:8.

[0067] Example 7

[0068] A self-sustaining water-absorbing vegetation blanket for resource utilization of waste wine lees, wherein the material addition ratio in the fiber foaming layer is as follows: the mass volume ratio of each component added in the fiber foaming layer is wine lees: coconut shreds: hydrothermal charcoal-hydrogel modified material: foaming solution = 16g: 15g: 10g: 492mL, that is, the addition ratio of other materials to the foaming solution is 1:12.

[0069] Example 8

[0070] A self-sustaining water-absorbing vegetation blanket for resource utilization of waste wine lees, wherein the material addition ratio in the fiber foaming layer is as follows: the mass volume ratio of each component added in the fiber foaming layer is wine lees: coconut shreds: hydrothermal charcoal-hydrogel modified material: foaming solution = 16g: 15g: 16g: 376mL, that is, the addition ratio of other materials to the foaming solution is 1:8.

[0071] Example 9

[0072] A self-sustaining water-absorbing vegetation blanket for resource utilization of waste wine lees, wherein the material addition ratio in the fiber foaming layer is as follows: the mass volume ratio of each component added in the fiber foaming layer is wine lees: coconut shreds: hydrothermal charcoal-hydrogel modified material: foaming solution = 16g: 15g: 20g: 510mL, that is, the addition ratio of other materials to the foaming solution is 1:10.

[0073] Table 1 is a table of material addition ratios for the fiber foaming layer of the vegetation blanket of Examples 1 to 9, wherein the amount of wine lees added is fixed at 16 g, the amount of coconut shreds added ranges from 5 to 15 g, the amount of hydrothermal charcoal-hydrogel modified material added ranges from 10 to 20 g, and the amount of foaming solution added ranges from 248 to 504 mL, that is, the ratio of other materials to foaming solution added is 1:8 to 12.

[0074] Table 1: Addition ratio of materials for the fiber foaming layer of the vegetation blanket in Examples 1-9

[0075]

[0076]

[0077] The vegetation blankets prepared in Examples 1-9 were laid on an artificial gravel slope to carry out planting experiments, with other conditions such as rainfall and temperature being the same.

[0078] Comparative Example

[0079] The bare gravel soil slope without laying vegetation blanket, rainfall, temperature and other conditions are the same as those in Example 1-9.

[0080] Table 2 shows the changes in soil physical and chemical properties within one month after the laying of the vegetation blankets of Examples 1-9. It can be seen from the table that compared with the comparative example, the contents of ammonia nitrogen, available phosphorus, quick-acting potassium, and organic carbon in the soil after the laying of the vegetation blankets of Examples 1-9 were all improved, and they were able to maintain a high level over time. Comprehensive comparison found that the vegetation blanket of Example 6 had the most significant effect on improving soil physical and chemical properties.

[0081] Table 2 Changes in soil ammonia nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and organic carbon content within one month after laying the vegetation blanket of Example 1-9

[0082]

[0083]

[0084] Table 3 and Figure 6 The comparison of the water holding rate of the vegetation blankets of Examples 1-9 within 48 hours is shown, where the 0th hour is the saturated water content of the vegetation blankets of Examples 1-9, and the saturated water content of each group exceeds 140%, indicating that the added material has good water absorption performance, among which the saturated water content of Examples 1, 4, 5, 8, and 7 groups exceeds 200%; then the change of the water content of the vegetation blankets of Examples 1-9 with time is measured within 48 hours, and it is found that most of the water holding rates tend to stabilize after 2 hours, and the water content of Example 6 is the first to stabilize, indicating that the water retention performance of the material is good; the water holding rates of Examples 1-9 are all over 130%, among which the water holding rates of Examples 1 and 8 groups are also over 200% after stabilization.

[0085] Table 3 Changes in water holding rate of vegetation blankets in Examples 1-9 within 48 hours

[0086]

[0087] Table 4 and Figure 7a , Figure 7b The comparison of the average plant height and the maximum plant height of the vegetation blankets of Examples 1-9 within two months after laying is shown. It is found that the average plant heights of the Example 2-8 groups are all over 14 cm after two months, and the average plant height of Example 5 can reach 18.2 cm; the maximum plant heights of the Example 1-9 groups are all over 15 cm after two months, the maximum plant heights of the Example 3-7 groups are all over 25 cm, and the maximum plant height of Example 6 can reach 33.8 cm.

[0088] Table 4 Changes in average plant height and maximum plant height within two months after laying the vegetation blanket of Example 1-9

[0089]

[0090]

[0091] The vegetation blanket provided by the embodiments of the present invention has a high plant survival rate. The plant roots can absorb nutrients in the matrix seed layer and then pass through the pulp and paper layer and the lower mesh layer downward to grow into the slope and become integrated with the slope, which is beneficial to improving the stability of the slope structure; the plant stems and leaves can pass through the loose and breathable fiber foam layer and the upper mesh layer, grow outward, and cover the surface of the slope, gradually forming a stable ecosystem and repairing the surrounding environment.

[0092] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it is still possible for those skilled in the art to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or to make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A self-sustaining water-absorbing vegetation blanket for recycling waste distiller's grains, characterized in that: The vegetation blanket structure comprises a lower mesh layer, a pulp paper layer, a matrix seed layer, a fiber foaming layer, and an upper mesh layer. Each layer is quilted and connected from bottom to top. The thickness of the vegetation blanket ranges from 20 mm to 30 mm.

2. The self-sustaining water-absorbing vegetation blanket for recycling waste lees according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The lower mesh layer and the upper mesh layer are coconut silk mesh; the pulp paper layer is degradable wood pulp paper.

3. The self-sustaining water-absorbing vegetation blanket for recycling waste lees according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The matrix seed layer is a mixture of nutrient soil matrix and plant seeds, and the plant seeds are alfalfa seeds.

4. The self-sustaining water-absorbing vegetation blanket for recycling waste lees according to claim 3 is characterized by: The nutrient soil matrix comprises nutrient soil for providing nutrition for seed germination and growth and hydrothermal charcoal-hydrogel modified material, and the mass ratio of the nutrient soil to the hydrothermal charcoal-hydrogel modified material is 50:

1.

5. The self-sustaining water-absorbing vegetation blanket for recycling waste lees according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The fiber foaming layer is formed by mixing and foaming wine lees, hydrothermal carbon-hydrogel modified material, plant fiber and foaming solution, and its solid-liquid ratio is 1:8-12; the mass volume ratio of the wine lees, hydrothermal carbon-hydrogel modified material, plant fiber and foaming solution is 16g:5-15g:10-20g:248-504mL.

6. The self-sustaining water-absorbing vegetation blanket for recycling waste lees according to claim 5 is characterized by: The plant fiber is coconut shreds; the foaming solution is prepared by mixing polyvinyl alcohol, corn starch, ammonium bicarbonate and azodicarbonamide and adding water.

7. The self-sustaining water-absorbing vegetation blanket for recycling waste lees according to claim 6 is characterized by: The mass volume ratio of polyvinyl alcohol, corn starch, ammonium bicarbonate, azodicarbonamide and water in the foaming solution is 30g:30g:5g:15g:1000mL.

8. The self-sustaining water-absorbing vegetation blanket for recycling waste lees according to claim 1 is characterized by: The hydrothermal carbon-hydrogel modified material is a modified material obtained by mixing hydrothermal carbon made from waste wine lees as raw materials and hydrogel in equal proportions.

9. The self-sustaining water-absorbing vegetation blanket for recycling waste distiller's grains according to claim 5 or 8, characterized in that: The preparation of the hydrothermal carbon-hydrogel modified material comprises the following steps: S1. Preparation of hydrogel material: Add acrylamide, ammonium persulfate and N-N'methylene acrylamide to pure water respectively, stir evenly and put into a 70°C water bath, heat for 2 hours and then take out, wait for cooling, wash away the unreacted reagents with anhydrous ethanol, put into a 60°C oven, wait for complete drying, pour into a powder grinder, grind into fine particles to obtain a hydrogel material; S2. Preparation of hydrothermal carbon material: After washing the waste lees with clean water, wash it with pure water for 2 to 3 times, put it into a 100°C oven for drying, take it out and cool it, then grind it into powder, and pass it through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain lees powder; mix the lees powder with pure water in a mass ratio of 1:7, pour it into a reactor, and react it at 200°C for 6 hours; after cooling, pour out the supernatant, wash the lower solid matter with pure water for 3 to 4 times, put it into a 100°C oven for drying, and grind it after drying to obtain a hydrothermal carbon material; S3. Preparation of hydrothermal carbon-hydrogel modified material: mixing hydrothermal carbon and hydrogel in equal proportions to obtain hydrothermal carbon-hydrogel modified material.

10. The self-sustaining water-absorbing vegetation blanket for recycling waste lees according to claim 9, characterized in that: In step S1, the mass volume ratio of acrylamide, ammonium persulfate, N-N'methylene acrylamide and pure water is 40g:40g:1.2g:1000mL.

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