Mulching film cotton seedling-releasing-free sowing method

Abstract

The invention discloses a mulching film cotton seedling-releasing-free sowing method which is suitable for cotton areas of the Yellow River basin and the Yangtze River basin. According to the invention, sowing is carried out by adopting a mode of alternately sowing one seed in one hole and two seeds in one hole; film covering is conducted after sowing, punching is conducted above sowing holes according to the sowing hole distance, a'quadrangular star '-shaped mulching film punching device is adopted for punching on the film, natural film emergence is conducted after seedling emergence, full seedlings are sown once, and the whole process is completed at a time through a machine. By changing the seeding process and the seedling releasing mode of a traditional seeding machine, integrated operation of seeding, film mulching and seedling releasing can be achieved, the traditional manual seedling releasing procedure is omitted, the seedling rate can reach 90% or above, and full seedlings can be sown at a time on the premise that the traditional manual seedling releasing is large in labor consumption and low in benefit.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, and in particular to a film-mulch cotton seedling-free sowing method. Background Art

[0002] At present, in the cotton planting process in the cotton areas of the Yellow River Basin and the Yangtze River Basin, the traditional sowing method is to sow first and then cover the film. After the cotton seedlings emerge, they need to be released from the film manually in time, that is, the seedling release operation. This method has many disadvantages: First, the seedling release work requires a lot of manpower and time (about 0.5 workers per mu of seedling release), and the labor intensity is high, especially in large-scale planting, which is easy to lead to labor shortages and increased labor costs; second, the seedling release time is strictly required. If the best time is missed due to labor shortages during the busy farming season, the cotton seedlings are easily burned by high temperatures or grow poorly due to lack of oxygen under the film, resulting in dead seedlings, which in turn affects the final seed cotton yield; third, during the seedling release process, if the operation is improper, it may also damage the cotton seedlings and reduce the survival rate of the cotton seedlings. The existing perforated sowing technology on the film mostly uses a sowing machine to lay the film first, and then punch holes on the film for sowing. Due to the limitations of land preparation quality and sowing quality, the emergence rate is only about 60%. If it rains after sowing, the emergence rate usually drops below 30%, making it difficult to achieve the specified planting density.

[0003] The perforated sowing technology used in Xinjiang cotton-growing areas is mostly completed in conjunction with positive soil sealing. Years of production practice have shown that, affected by the soil texture and climatic conditions of cotton fields, the use of this technology in the cotton-growing areas of the Yellow River Basin and the Yangtze River Basin can easily lead to the failure of cotton seeds to be sown to a suitable soil depth after sowing, or even exposed on the soil surface, resulting in failure to germinate due to failure to absorb water in time; on the other hand, after sowing, rainfall can easily form a "soil cover" above the sowing hole, and the cotton seedlings cannot be pushed out of the ground film in time, resulting in dead seedlings, or even deformed seedlings, resulting in missing seedlings and broken ridges. Therefore, the development of a cotton seedling-free sowing technology suitable for cotton-growing areas in the Yellow River Basin and the Yangtze River Basin is of great significance to improving cotton planting efficiency, reducing labor costs, and ensuring cotton yield and quality. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to eliminate the manual seedling release process after traditional cotton sowing in the cotton areas of the Yellow River Basin and the Yangtze River Basin, and achieve full seedlings in one sowing, the present invention provides a film-mulched cotton seedling-free sowing method, which is suitable for the cotton areas of the Yellow River Basin and the Yangtze River Basin. The present invention can realize the integrated operation of sowing, film covering, and seedling release by changing the sowing process and seedling release method of the traditional seeding machine, eliminating the traditional manual seedling release process, and the seedling rate can reach more than 90%. It can achieve full seedlings in one sowing under the premise of solving the problem of high labor and low efficiency of traditional manual seeding.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: a method for sowing cotton covered with mulch without seedlings, characterized in that it is suitable for cotton areas in the Yellow River Basin and the Yangtze River Basin, see attached Figure 1, the sowing method of "one seed per hole and two seeds per hole alternately" is adopted; after sowing, the film is covered again, holes are punched above the sowing holes according to the sowing hole distance, and holes are punched on the film using a "four-pointed star" type mulch film punching device. After the seedlings emerge, the film will naturally emerge, and all seedlings will be sown at one time. The whole process is completed mechanically in one go.

[0006] Furthermore, the "four-pointed star"-shaped membrane is perforated, and the aperture is a four-pointed star with a side length of 1.5 cm.

[0007] The present invention also discloses a ground film punching device used for the above-mentioned punching, comprising a fixing belt, on which is mounted a punching piece with adjustable spacing, the punching piece comprising a base connected to the fixing belt, the upper end of the base being connected to a detachable film-breaking knife, the outer side of the film-breaking knife being covered with a rubber sleeve. The two ends of the fixing belt are respectively provided with a nut and a support sleeve, one end of the stud is connected to the support sleeve, the stud and the support sleeve can be rotated, and the other end of the stud is detachably matched with the nut; a rotating block is sleeved on the stud, and the rotating block is arranged close to the support sleeve; a guide strip is provided on the outer wall of the fixing strip, guide grooves are provided on both sides of the guide strip, and positioning holes are evenly provided on the guide strip, the base is sleeved on the outer side of the guide strip, and buckles matching the guide grooves are provided on both sides of the base, the bottom of the film breaking knife is provided with a mounting post connected to the base, and the lower end of the mounting post is provided with a positioning post matching the positioning hole; the upper end of the base is provided with a mounting groove matching with the mounting post thread, and the bottom of the mounting groove is provided with a makeshift hole matching with the positioning post; a swivel is sleeved on the outer side of the upper end of the mounting post; the bottom of the rubber sleeve is connected and fixed to the swivel; the rubber sleeve is a circular corrugated structure.

[0008] Compared with the traditional manual seeding and current membrane punching technology, the present invention has the following improvements:

[0009] 1. The present invention adjusts the operation process of the traditional film punching and sowing machine, which is to first sow and then cover the film, and to punch holes above the sowing holes according to the sowing hole distance. On the one hand, this operation process can ensure that the cotton seeds fall into the soil at the optimal sowing depth, thereby improving the sowing quality. On the other hand, it can realize that the cotton seedlings can automatically rush out of the film surface through the seedling holes after emergence, thereby eliminating the need to release seedlings.

[0010] 2. The present invention adjusts the perforating device on the membrane of the seeding machine (attached Figure 2-3 ), a "four-pointed star" type mulch film perforating device with a side length of 1.5 cm was used to punch holes, which is significantly smaller than the traditional square perforated sowing holes with a side length of 3 cm, and has better moisture and heat preservation effects, providing a better soil microenvironment for cotton seeds to germinate and seed, and is more conducive to emergence; the "four-pointed star" type seedling hole increases the tearing area above the sowing hole, which is more conducive to the cotton seedlings to push out of the film surface and achieve natural emergence.

[0011] 3. The traditional "one hole, one seed" method has been adjusted to "one hole, one seed and one hole, two seeds alternately planted". This planting method can give full play to the strong self-regulation and compensation ability of cotton, and effectively overcome the problem of seedling shortage caused by poor cotton seed quality.

[0012] Compared with the traditional manual seedling sowing and the current film-piercing sowing technology, the film-mulch cotton seedling-free sowing technology of the present invention has the following advantages:

[0013] 1. Significant reduction in employment

[0014] In the cotton growing areas of the Yellow River Basin and the Yangtze River Basin, manual seedling placement requires about 0.5 workers per mu, and the labor cost is about 50 yuan per mu. However, the "four-pointed star" type punching and seedling placement technology involved in the present invention is combined with a punching device on the mulch film, and the labor required in the seedling placement link can be almost ignored, so that all seedlings can be planted in one go.

[0015] 2. The rate of seedlings is significantly improved

[0016] The present invention adopts a sowing method of first sowing, then covering with film and then drilling holes to release seedlings, and combines the sowing method of "alternating one seed and two seeds per hole". While ensuring the quality of seed sowing, it can give full play to the characteristics of cotton's strong self-regulation and compensation ability for plant spacing, and can achieve a seedling rate of more than 90%. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 The process of the conventional manual seedling sowing method, the conventional perforated sowing method on the membrane and the seedling-free sowing method of the present invention are compared;

[0018] Figure 2 Comparison between traditional membrane punching and "four-pointed star" type membrane punching methods;

[0019] Figure 3 The structural diagram of the drilling device on the ground film, wherein Figure 3-1 is the main view; Figure 3-2 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure; Figure 3-3 is Figure 3-1 A schematic diagram of the enlarged structure at point A; Figure 3 -4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the punching member; Figure 3 -5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the base; Figure 3 -6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the membrane breaking knife; Figure 3 -7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the ground film punching device when in use;

[0020] In the figure: 1-fixing belt; 101-guide strip; 102-positioning hole; 103-guide groove; 104-nut; 105-stud; 106-turn block; 107-support sleeve; 2-punching piece; 201-base; 202-buckle; 203-rubber sleeve; 204-installation groove; 205-make way hole; 206-film breaking knife; 207-swivel; 208-installation column; 209-positioning column; 3-covering roller. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The effects are described below with reference to embodiments.

[0022] like Figure 3-1 As shown, a device for punching holes on a ground film includes a fixing belt 1, which is made of rubber and can be bent. A punching member 2 with adjustable spacing is installed on the fixing belt 1. When in use, the fixing belt 1 is put on the soil covering roller 3 of the sowing and film covering machine for use. Figure 3-3 As shown, a nut 104 and a support sleeve 107 are provided at both ends of the fixing belt 1, one end of the stud 105 is connected to the support sleeve 107, the stud 105 and the support sleeve 107 can rotate, and the other end of the stud 105 is detachably matched with the nut 104. A rotating block 106 is sleeved on the stud 105, and the rotating block 106 is arranged close to the support sleeve 107. The stud 105 can be rotated by the rotating block 106 so that the stud 105 and the nut 104 are matched, so that the fixing belt 1 is surrounded into a circle. At the same time, after the fixing belt 1 is sleeved on the soil covering roller 3, the distance between the two ends of the fixing belt 1 can be adjusted by rotating the stud 105 to adjust the tightness. Figure 3 As shown in Figure 4, the punching member 2 includes a base 201 connected to the fixing belt 1, and a detachable film-breaking knife 206 is connected to the upper end of the base 201. The film-breaking knife 206 is a cross structure, and can punch a cross opening on the ground film when pressed down. Figure 3-2 As shown, a guide strip 101 is provided on the outer wall of the fixing belt 1, guide grooves 103 are provided on both sides of the guide strip 101, and positioning holes 102 are evenly provided on the guide strip 101. The base 201 is sleeved on the outer side of the guide strip 101, and buckles 202 cooperating with the guide grooves 103 are provided on both sides of the base 201, so that the base 201 can move along the guide strip 101 to adjust the position. The bottom of the film-breaking knife 206 is provided with a mounting post 208 connected to the base 201, and the lower end of the mounting post 208 is provided with a positioning post 209 cooperating with the positioning hole 102 to realize the positioning of the film-breaking knife 206. Figure 3 As shown in FIG. 5 , the upper end of the base 201 is provided with a mounting groove 204 threadedly matched with the mounting column 208, and the bottom of the mounting groove 204 is provided with a clearance hole 205 matched with the positioning column 209, and the positioning column 209 passes through the clearance hole 205 and matches with the positioning hole 102. Figure 3 -6, the upper outer side of the mounting post 208 is covered with a swivel 207, and the mounting post 208 can be easily disassembled and assembled through the swivel 207. The outer side of the film-breaking knife 206 is covered with a rubber sleeve 203, and the bottom of the rubber sleeve 203 is connected and fixed to the swivel 207. The rubber sleeve 203 is a circular corrugated structure with elasticity. When in use, it can play a protective role to prevent the film-breaking knife 206 from being damaged or hurting people. In addition, after punching, the compressed rubber sleeve 203 can push the ground film away to achieve demoulding. Figure 3-7, when in use, the fixing belt 1 is sleeved on the soil covering roller 3, and the soil covering roller 3 is connected to the sowing structure chain. According to the planting spacing of the sowing device, the spacing of the film breaking knife 206 is adjusted to ensure that the punching hole spacing is consistent with the planting spacing, and the punching position on the film is aligned with the landing position of the cotton seeds of the sowing device, so as to ensure that the cotton seedlings can grow through the holes on the film. When the seeder is working, with the rotation of the soil covering roller 3 and the movement of the machine, the punching device contacts the film to punch holes, and the rubber sleeve 203 is deformed by pressure. When leaving the film, the rubber sleeve 203 returns to its original shape and pushes the ground film, so as to separate the ground film from the film breaking knife 206, and avoid the phenomenon of pulling the film when the punching device rotates.

[0023] Embodiment 1:

[0024] The seedling-free sowing method of the present invention adopts the sowing method of "one seed per hole and two seeds per hole alternately"; after sowing, the film is covered again, holes are punched above the sowing holes according to the sowing hole distance, and a "four-pointed star" type ground film perforating device is used to punch holes on the film. After the seedlings emerge, the film is naturally removed, and all seedlings are sown at one time. The whole process is completed at one time by machinery.

[0025] For details on the traditional manual seeding method and the traditional film punching method, please refer to Figure 1 The holes punched on the traditional membrane are 3cm×3cm square, which has poor heat preservation and moisture retention. The average temperature inside the membrane was 17.6℃ 5 days after sowing, and the average soil moisture content at a depth of 3cm was 36.3%; the holes punched on the "four-pointed star" membrane have a four-pointed star with a side length of 1.5cm, which has good heat preservation and moisture retention. The average temperature inside the membrane was 20.8℃ 5 days after sowing, and the average soil moisture content at a depth of 3cm was 45.7%.

[0026] This experiment was carried out in Xixiaowang Town, Wudi County, Binzhou City in 2023, using cotton variety Lumian 522 as the experimental material. The experimental area is 120 mu. The previous crop of the experimental site is cotton, with medium fertility, sandy loam, 0-30cm soil layer salt content of 0.30%, and soil pH 8.11.

[0027] The experiment set up a total of 3 treatments, including traditional sowing and artificial seedling release, traditional film punching sowing and the present invention's seeding-free sowing, of which 40 mu of cotton fields were traditionally sown and artificial seedling release, 20 mu of cotton fields were traditionally sown with holes on the film, and 60 mu of seeding-free sowing demonstration fields. Each treatment demonstration field was irrigated on March 10, 2023 to suppress salt (salt content was 0.27% after salt suppression), and the land was prepared on April 6. On April 30, 2023, sowing was carried out (row spacing 76cm, plant spacing 14.6cm), and a wide film (120cm) was used to cover two rows with one film. On the fourth day after sowing, light rain fell, with a rainfall of 10mm. The traditional sowing and artificial seedling release treatment used artificial timely seedling release on the third day after emergence, and the traditional film punching sowing and seeding-free sowing treatments naturally emerged and released the seedlings. The emergence rate and the labor consumption of each treatment were counted 15 days after sowing, and the seed cotton yield of each treatment was calculated at the harvest time.

[0028] Table 1 Effects of different sowing methods on cotton germination rate, labor and seed cotton yield

[0029]

[0030] *The calculation is based on the standard of RMB 120 per worker and RMB 6.8 per kg of seed cotton.

[0031] The results are shown in Table 1. The emergence rate of the traditional artificial seedling treatment is as high as 90.7%, which can fully achieve full seedlings in one sowing, but the number of workers required for seedling planting per mu is 0.54, which is equivalent to an investment cost of about 60 yuan / mu. The emergence rate of the seedling-free sowing technology of the present invention is equivalent to that of the traditional sowing artificial seedling treatment, but the labor cost of artificial seedling planting is eliminated. The emergence rate of the traditional perforated sowing treatment on the membrane is much lower than that of the artificial seedling and seedling-free treatments, with a reduction of 25.8% and 25.4%, respectively. From the final seed cotton yield, the seed cotton yield of the seedling-free sowing technology of the present invention is equivalent to that of the traditional artificial seedling, but the labor cost of seedling planting is eliminated, and the average per mu net benefit is increased by 85.2 yuan. The seed cotton yield of the traditional perforated sowing treatment on the membrane is seriously reduced because the emergence rate is significantly reduced, which is 32.6% lower than that of the seed cotton yield of the seedling-free sowing technology of the present invention. Comprehensive analysis shows that the seedling-free technology of the present invention reduces the labor required for traditional manual seedling planting while ensuring full seedlings in one sowing, and significantly improves the economic benefits based on improving the level of mechanization in the entire film-mulched cotton production process.

Claims

1. A method for sowing cotton without planting seedlings, characterized in that: It is suitable for cotton-growing areas in the Yellow River Basin and the Yangtze River Basin. The sowing method is "alternating between one hole and one seed and two seeds per hole". After sowing, cover the film again, punch holes above the sowing holes according to the sowing hole distance, and use a "four-pointed star" type mulch film punching device to punch holes on the film. The seedlings will naturally emerge from the film after germination.

2. A method for sowing cotton without seedlings as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The "four-pointed star" shaped membrane is perforated with a hole diameter of a four-pointed star with a side length of 1.5 cm.

3. A method for sowing cotton without planting seedlings as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The device for punching holes on the ground film comprises a fixing belt, on which a punching piece with adjustable spacing is installed, and the punching piece comprises a base connected to the fixing belt, and a detachable film-breaking knife is connected to the upper end of the base, and the outer side of the film-breaking knife is covered with a rubber sleeve; a nut and a support sleeve are respectively provided at both ends of the fixing belt, one end of the stud is connected to the support sleeve, and the stud and the support sleeve can rotate, and the other end of the stud is detachably matched with the nut; a rotating block is covered on the stud, and the rotating block is arranged close to the support sleeve; a guide is provided on the outer wall of the fixing belt The guide bar has guide grooves on both sides, and positioning holes are evenly arranged on the guide bar. The base is sleeved on the outside of the guide bar, and buckles matching the guide grooves are arranged on both sides of the base. The bottom of the film breaking knife is provided with a mounting column connected to the base, and the lower end of the mounting column is provided with a positioning column matching the positioning hole; the upper end of the base is provided with a mounting groove matching with the mounting column thread, and the bottom of the mounting groove is provided with a clearance hole matching with the positioning column; a swivel is sleeved on the outside of the upper end of the mounting column; the bottom of the rubber sleeve is connected and fixed to the swivel; the rubber sleeve is a circular corrugated structure.

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