Application of ethanephonic acid ammonium

Abstract

The invention discloses application of diethylphosphonate in prevention and control of plant diseases caused by alternaria solani, phytophthora infestans and pythium aphanidermatum, or in preparation of pesticide preparations for prevention and control of plant diseases caused by alternaria solani, phytophthora infestans and pythium aphanidermatum. The invention discloses application of diethylphosphonate in preparation of a plant immune resistance inducer. The invention discloses an application of diethylphosphonate in promoting crop growth or an application of diethylphosphonate in preparing a preparation for promoting crop growth and / or increasing yield. The invention discloses a pesticide preparation which is an aqueous solution prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 20-80% of diethylphosphonic acid ammonium, 3-15% of a surfactant, 2-5% of a thickening agent, 1-3% of an anti-freezing agent and the balance of water. Ammonium ethanephosphonate is prepared into an aqueous solution, the performance is stable in the long-term storage process, and precipitation and degradation are avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of plant protection, and relates to use of ammonium fosetyl in preventing and controlling plant diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria of the genera Alternaria, Phytophthora and Pythium, and specifically relates to use of ammonium fosetyl in preventing and controlling plant diseases caused by Alternaria solani, Phytophthora infestans and Pythium aphanidermatum, or in preparing pesticide preparations for preventing and controlling plant diseases caused by Alternaria solani, Phytophthora infestans and Pythium aphanidermatum. Background Art

[0002] Alternaria solani is a higher fungus in the genus Alternaria of the family Alternariaceae, class Ascomycetes. Early blight caused by Alternaria solani is an important disease that can infect Solanaceae plants such as potatoes, tomatoes, eggplants, and tobacco. Early blight is a high temperature and high humidity disease, and temperatures of 18 to 30°C are conducive to the occurrence and spread of the disease. Continuous rain and heavy flooding during the planting period will lead to high humidity in the field, which will rapidly increase the prevalence of the disease.

[0003] Tomato early blight, also known as summer blight, is a serious disease that occurs on the stems, leaves and fruits of plants. After the germinated seeds germinate, the pathogen directly invades the cotyledons. Conidia are produced by the pathogens in the residual tissues of the diseased plants in the field in a suitable environment. They are spread by air flow and splashed back by rainwater to the host plant, and invade through the host epidermis, causing the initial infection. Lesions are produced in the parts after latent incubation, and new generation conidia are produced. Under the spread of wind and rain, they invade from the stomata, lenticels, wounds or epidermis (usually from the stomata or wounds) for multiple reinfections, aggravating the damage. The disease is more serious in places with repeated cropping, low-lying areas, excessive watering and poor ventilation.

[0004] The annual incidence of potato early blight depends on climatic factors, cultivation measures, crop growth period, etc., among which climate (mainly temperature and humidity) is the key factor causing the spread and outbreak of the disease. Early blight can occur between 18 and 30 degrees Celsius, and the most suitable temperature for the growth of pathogens is 25 to 28 degrees Celsius. In most provinces of my country, from May to July each year, the suitable temperature plus the humidity provided by sufficient rain become the peak period of potato early blight outbreaks. In addition, Alternaria solanacearum can produce a toxic metabolite - Alternaria toxin, which has chronic or acute toxic effects such as mutagenicity, carcinogenicity and teratogenicity on humans or livestock.

[0005] Phytophthora pathogens are low-level fungi of the family Pythium, Peronosporales. There are more than 50 species of Phytophthora, such as Phytophthora infestans, which can cause late blight in Solanaceae crops such as potatoes and tomatoes, Phytophthora cactorum, which can infect apples, Panax notoginseng, ginseng, etc., and Phytophthora sojae, which can cause soybean blight. Phytophthora are almost all pathogens, ranging from weak parasitism to near-obligate parasitism. Phytophthora can infect all parts of plants, causing root and stem rot, rot of fresh fruits and vegetables, ulcers and dieback, etc. Plant diseases caused by Phytophthora are often epidemic and destructive. Tomato late blight is one of the main diseases in tomato production. It can occur throughout the entire growing period of tomatoes and can harm seedlings, stems, leaves, and fruits, causing leaves to lose green and wilt, stems to turn black, and fruits to rot. In severe cases, it can lead to the death of the entire plant, causing economic losses of 30% or even more than 80%.

[0006] Pythium aphanidermatum is a fungus belonging to the genus Pythium of the family Pythium, order Peronosporales, phylum Oomycetes. It can cause a variety of plant damping-off diseases and rots of fruits and vegetables. Its hosts include plants such as Cucurbitaceae, Solanaceae, Leguminosae and Poaceae. In recent years, Pythium aphanidermatum has been widely reported as an important pathogen of many crop seedling diseases. The most serious causes of Pythium aphanidermatum are damping-off of seedlings, rhizomes and rots of fruits and vegetables. Pythium aphanidermatum damping-off disease is a difficult disease to prevent and control. It often occurs in fruits and vegetables such as melons, beans, peppers and eggplants. In particular, Pythium aphanidermatum is the most serious to cucumbers and tomatoes. Its symptoms mainly appear after the base or middle part of the embryonic stem of the plant becomes waterlogged, causing the cotyledons to wilt before they wither.

[0007] Chemical control is currently the main means of controlling plant diseases, but the effectiveness of various agents has been reported to be decreasing at home and abroad. Studies have shown that Alternaria solani has developed resistance to a variety of chemical pesticides, such as methoxyacrylates (azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin), dicarboximides (procymidone), benzimidazoles (carbendazim, methylthiophanate), nicotinamides (boscalid), etc. Phytophthora fungi have developed resistance to a variety of agents such as metalaxyl, mancozeb, and azoxystrobin. Pythium fungi have developed resistance to a variety of agents such as metalaxyl and propamocarb. Therefore, it is urgent to screen new control agents, and at the same time, attention should be paid to rotating the use of different types of agents in the field to slow down the development of pathogen resistance. Summary of the invention

[0008] The structural formula of ammonium phosphinate is as follows:

[0009]

[0010] At present, there is no report that ammonium fosetyl has bactericidal activity. The inventor has found that ammonium fosetyl is a substance with systemic and bactericidal activity, which can be conducted up and down in plants, and can effectively prevent and treat plant diseases caused by Alternariasolani, Phytophthora infestans, and Pythium aphanidermatum, and has a good control effect on crops and a long lasting effect; at the same time, ammonium fosetyl can promote the growth of plant stems, leaves and roots, improve crop photosynthetic efficiency, and improve plant height, stem thickness and other agronomic traits, ultimately achieving an increase in yield; and ammonium fosetyl can enhance the stress resistance of crops throughout the entire growth period, and has a promoting effect on the healthy growth and increase in yield of crops.

[0011] The present invention aims to provide a use of fosetyl ammonium in preventing and controlling plant diseases caused by Alternaria solani, Phytophthora infestans and Pythium aphanidermatum, or in preparing a pesticide preparation for preventing and controlling plant diseases caused by Alternaria solani, Phytophthora infestans and Pythium aphanidermatum.

[0012] The plant diseases caused by Alternaria solani are tomato early blight, potato early blight, pepper early blight and tobacco early blight.

[0013] The plant diseases caused by Phytophthora infestans are late blight of tomato and late blight of potato.

[0014] The plant diseases caused by Pythium ioda and Pythium tumefaciens are Pythium root rot of cucumber, Pythium damping-off of watermelon, Pythium damping-off of tomato, Pythium rot of tomato, P. oleraceum damping-off of cabbage and Pythium tumefaciens damping-off of cotton seedlings.

[0015] Another object of the present invention is to provide the use of ethopropanium in preparing plant immune inducers.

[0016] Preferably, the use is the use of ammonium ethoate in the preparation of a plant immune inducer for improving the resistance of crops to high temperature stress.

[0017] Another object of the present invention is the use of ammonium fosetyl for promoting crop growth or for preparing a formulation for promoting crop growth and / or increasing yield.

[0018] The crops are tomatoes, potatoes, peppers, tobacco, cucumbers, watermelons, cabbages and cotton.

[0019] Another object of the present invention is to provide a pesticide preparation, wherein the pesticide preparation contains fosetyl ammonium as an active ingredient, and the mass fraction of fosetyl ammonium is 20% to 80%, preferably 40% to 50%, and more preferably 40%.

[0020] A pesticide preparation, an aqueous solution made of the following components by mass fraction: 20% to 80% of ammonium fosetyl, 3% to 15% of a surfactant, 2% to 5% of a thickener, 1% to 3% of an antifreeze, and the balance is water; the total amount of the above components is 100%. The surfactant can improve the surface tension of the aqueous solution, making it easier for the liquid to spread and penetrate on the solid, and improving the effective utilization rate of ammonium fosetyl on the surface of plants; the thickener can improve the viscosity and fluidity of the aqueous solution, maintain the uniformity and stability of the distribution of the pesticide, and increase the persistence of the pesticide attached to the surface of the plant; the antifreeze can prevent the pesticide from crystallizing and maintain the effectiveness of the pesticide.

[0021] Preferably, the pesticide preparation is an aqueous solution made of the following components in mass fraction: 40% to 50% of ammonium phosphinate, 4 to 8% of a surfactant, 2 to 3.5% of a thickener, 2 to 3.5% of an antifreeze agent, and the remainder is water; the total amount of the above components is 100%.

[0022] More preferably, the pesticide preparation is an aqueous solution made of the following components by mass fraction: 40% of ammonium fosetyl, 5-8% of a surfactant, 2.5-3.5% of a thickener, and 1.5-2.5% of an antifreeze agent.

[0023] The surfactant is selected from at least one of common surfactants such as alkyl polyglycosides, glucose amides, alcohol ether carboxylates, amide ether carboxylates, monoalkyl phosphonates, monoalkyl ether phosphonates, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylenes, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ethers, sulfonates, sulfonates, amides, silicones, carboxylate dispersants, etc.

[0024] The glucose amide is selected from alkyl glucose amide; the sulfonates are selected from sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate; the fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene is selected from fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether; and the sulfonic acid ester is selected from disodium lauryl sulfosuccinate.

[0025] The thickener is selected from at least one of common thickeners such as PEG-80 glyceryl tallow ester, PEC-8PPG-3 diisostearate, PEG-200 hydrogenated glyceryl palmitate, PEG-n (n=6, 8, 12) beeswax, PEG-4 isostearate, PEG-n (n=3, 4, 8, 150) distearate, PEG-18 glyceryl oleate / cocoate, PEG-8 dioleate, PEG-200 glyceryl stearate, xanthan gum, carboxymethyl cellulose, polyacrylic acid, etc.

[0026] The antifreeze agent is selected from at least one of common antifreeze agents such as ethylene glycol, glycerol, DMSO, isopropanol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, urea, etc.

[0027] Specifically, an ammonium phosphonate aqueous solution is made of the following components in mass fraction: 20% ammonium phosphonate, 4% alkyl glucose amide, 2% carboxymethyl cellulose, 2% glycerol, and the balance is water; or 30% ammonium phosphonate, 5% disodium lauryl sulfosuccinate, 2.5% xanthan gum, 2% glycerol, and the balance is water; or 40% ammonium phosphonate, 5% sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, 2.8% xanthan gum, 2% glycerol, and the balance is water; or 50% ammonium phosphonate, 5% sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, 2.8% carboxymethyl cellulose, 2% glycerol, and the balance is water; or 60% ammonium phosphonate, 8% sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, 3% xanthan gum, 2.5% glycerol, and the balance is water; or 80% ammonium phosphonate, 8% disodium lauryl sulfosuccinate, 3.5% xanthan gum, 3% glycerol, and the balance is water.

[0028] Another object of the present invention is to provide a green control method for preventing and controlling plant diseases caused by Alternaria solani, Phytophthora infestans and Pythium aphanidermatum, comprising: using the pesticide preparation or ammonium fosetylate aqueous solution, the method of use is foliar spraying and / or root irrigation of ammonium fosetylate; the dosage is 200 to 500 times the liquid, preferably 200 to 400 times the liquid.

[0029] The mechanism of ethopropanium to prevent and control plant diseases includes two aspects: 1. Directly acting on plant pathogens to inhibit the growth and reproduction of pathogens. 2. Acting on the plant body to increase the value of enzymes related to plant stress resistance or the accumulation of other disease-resistant substances, thereby achieving the indirect effect of protecting the plant.

[0030] By irrigating the roots and spraying ammonium fonate on the leaves, crop plants can be protected from infection by pathogens, and have a preventive effect on plant diseases caused by pathogens of the genera Phytophthora, Alternaria, and Pythium; it can improve the crop plants' ability to withstand high temperature stress; using it 3-4 times throughout the entire growth period can increase the fruit yield and quality during the adult stage.

[0031] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0032] 1. Fosetyl ammonium has good compatibility and is easily soluble in water. The present invention prepares the Fosetyl ammonium into an aqueous solution, which is environmentally friendly and stable, has stable performance during long-term storage, and does not produce precipitation or degradation. The Fosetyl ammonium aqueous solution of the present invention can be sprayed on leaves, and the Fosetyl ammonium aqueous solution has good wetting and spreading performance on leaves, can protect crops from infection by pathogens, and effectively prevent and control plant diseases caused by pathogens of the genus Alternaria, Phytophthora, and Pythium.

[0033] 2. The ammonium fosetylate aqueous solution of the present invention can improve the ability of plants to withstand high temperature stress and reduce the impact of delayed flower bud differentiation caused by excessively high temperatures.

[0034] 3. The ammonium fonate aqueous solution of the present invention is used for root irrigation treatment at the tomato seedling stage, and for foliar spraying treatment at the flowering stage, fruit setting stage, and fruit expansion stage. It is used 4 times during the entire growth period to improve the fruit yield and quality of tomatoes. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0036] Example 1

[0037] Preparation of 40% ammonium phosphinate aqueous solution

[0038] Weigh the following components in mass fraction: 40% ammonium fosetylate, 5% sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, 2.8% xanthan gum, 2% glycerol, and the balance water, the total amount of the above components being 100%; mix and dissolve the components in water to prepare a 40% ammonium fosetylate aqueous solution.

[0039] Using the same preparation method, ammonium fosetyl sulfate aqueous solutions with different effective contents were prepared according to the formula in Table 1.

[0040] Table 1. Formulas of ammonium fosetylate aqueous solution with different effective contents

[0041] Fosetyl ammonium aqueous solution formula 20% fosetyl ammonium solution 20% ammonium fosetyl phosphate, 4% alkyl glucamide, 2% carboxymethyl cellulose, 2% glycerol, the balance is water 30% ammonium fosetylate aqueous solution 30% ammonium fosetyl phosphate, 5% disodium lauryl sulfosuccinate, 2.5% xanthan gum, 2% glycerol, the balance is water 40% ammonium fosetylate aqueous solution 40% ammonium fosetyl phosphate, 5% sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, 2.8% xanthan gum, 2% glycerol, the balance is water 50% fosetyl ammonium aqueous solution 50% ammonium phosphinate, 5% sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, 2.8% carboxymethyl cellulose, 2% glycerol, the balance is water 60% ammonium fosetylate aqueous solution 60% ammonium fosetyl phosphate, 8% sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, 3% xanthan gum, 2.5% glycerol, the balance is water 80% ammonium fosetylate aqueous solution 80% ammonium fosetyl phosphate, 8% disodium lauryl sulfosuccinate, 3.5% xanthan gum, 3% glycerol, the balance is water

[0042] The above 6 different formulations of ammonium fosetyl aqueous solution were heat stored at 54°C ± 2°C for 14 days. The results showed that the ammonium fosetyl aqueous solution with a content of 20%-50% had better stability, while the ammonium fosetyl aqueous solution with a high content had relatively poor stability and a high degradation rate of the product.

[0043] Example 2

[0044] The experiment set up 6 treatments (treatment 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) and 1 blank control (CK), and the application method of each treatment was to dilute the preparation (Example 1) with clean water according to the target multiple and then apply it. Each treatment was set up with 3 replicates, and each replicate had 3 pots of crops (one plant in each pot), for a total of 9 plants. The dosage settings of each treatment are shown in Table 2.

[0045] Table 2. Treatment settings for fosetyl ammonium aqueous solution to control tomato early blight

[0046] Processing Name Drug Name Dosage CK Shimizu Process 1 20% fosetyl ammonium solution 400 times Process 2 30% ammonium fosetylate aqueous solution 400 times Process 3 40% ammonium fosetylate aqueous solution 400 times Process 4 50% fosetyl ammonium aqueous solution 400 times Process 5 60% ammonium fosetylate aqueous solution 400 times Process 6 80% ammonium fosetylate aqueous solution 400 times

[0047] Tomato early blight: Peat, perlite and vermiculite were mixed in a volume ratio of 3:2:1 as soil culture medium, and the mixture was sterilized at high temperature and potted; the tomato variety was "Provence", and the greenhouse environment was set to 25℃ / 15℃ day / night for seedling cultivation. The tomato seedlings were transplanted when they had three leaves and one heart. When the tomatoes grew to the 6-leaf stage, the dosage of the agent was set according to Table 2 for each treatment and the whole plant was sprayed, with the leaves, the back of the leaves and the whole plant being wet and without dripping. After 48 hours, the whole plant was artificially inoculated with a conidia suspension of Alternaria solani by spraying, and the concentration of the suspension was 1×10 7 / mL, based on the back of the leaves being moist and not dripping. Bag to keep moisture, and culture at 25℃ for 48h to facilitate disease. The first observation and record of the disease of different treatments began 7 days after inoculation. Three leaves of each tomato plant were investigated, and the second investigation of the disease was conducted 14 days after inoculation. The incidence rate and disease index of tomato plants were calculated. The grading standards for tomato early blight (in leaves) are as follows:

[0048] Level 0: no lesions;

[0049] Level 1: The lesions occupy less than 5% of the entire leaf area;

[0050] Level 3: The lesions occupy 6-10% of the entire leaf area;

[0051] Level 5: The lesions occupy 11-20% of the entire leaf area;

[0052] Level 7: The lesions occupy 21-50% of the entire leaf area;

[0053] Level 9: Lesions occupy more than 50% of the entire leaf area.

[0054] Disease index = [(Σ(number of diseased leaves at each level × relative level) / (total number of leaves investigated × 9)] × 100

[0055] Control effect % = (disease index of blank control group - disease index of treatment group) / disease index of blank control group × 100

[0056] Table 3. Data of different effective contents of fosetyl ammonium aqueous solution for the control of tomato early blight indoor potted plants

[0057]

[0058] Note: Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments (P<0.05).

[0059] As can be seen from Table 3, the control effect of fosetyl ammonium solution with different effective contents on tomato early blight was above 82% 7 days after inoculation, among which fosetyl ammonium with 40% effective content was better for controlling tomato early blight, reaching above 92%. Several treatments could significantly reduce the occurrence of tomato early blight. 14 days after inoculation, the control effect of several treatments on tomato early blight decreased. The control effect of fosetyl ammonium solution with 40% effective content on tomato early blight reached 84%. The control effect of the treatment with lower effective content was as low as about 72%. The control effect of fosetyl ammonium with effective content of 80% reached 84.87%, which was equivalent to the treatment with 40% fosetyl ammonium.

[0060] Example 3

[0061] The experiment set up 3 treatments (treatments one, two, and three, 40% fosetyl ammonium aqueous solution prepared in Example 1), 2 positive controls (treatments four and five, 80% fosetyl aluminum wp and 40% potassium phosphite aqueous solution manufacturers are Limin Chemical), and 1 blank control (CK). The application method of each treatment was to dilute the preparation with clean water according to the target multiple and then apply it. Each treatment was set up with 3 replicates, each replicate had 3 pots of crops (one plant in each pot), a total of 9 plants. The dosage settings for each treatment are shown in Table 4.

[0062] Table 4. Treatment settings for 40% fosetyl ammonium aqueous solution to control tomato early blight

[0063] Processing Name Drug Name Dosage CK Shimizu Processing 1 40% ammonium fosetylate aqueous solution 200 times Process 2 40% ammonium fosetylate aqueous solution 400 times Processing three 40% ammonium fosetylate aqueous solution 800 times Processing Four 80% Fosetyl Aluminum wp 350 times Processing Five 40% Potassium Phosphite Aqueous Solution 500 times

[0064] Tomato early blight: Tomato planting, test methods and grading standards refer to Example 2.

[0065] Table 5. Results of the test on 40% fosetyl ammonium solution for controlling tomato early blight

[0066]

[0067] Note: Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments (P<0.05).

[0068] As shown in Table 5, the control effect of different doses of ethoate ammonium aqueous solution on tomato early blight was above 85% 7 days after inoculation, which can significantly reduce the occurrence of tomato early blight, and the control effect was higher than that of the positive control agent; 14 days after inoculation, the high dose of 40% ethoate ammonium aqueous solution still had a control effect of more than 80% on tomato early blight, and the effective period was longer than that of the low dose and the positive control agent. And the control effect of different doses of ethoate ammonium aqueous solution on tomato early blight was better than triethyl aluminum and potassium phosphite.

[0069] Example 4

[0070] Tomato late blight: Refer to Example 2 for tomato planting method, and the concentrations of each treatment are the same as those of Example 3. When the tomato reaches the 6-leaf stage, each treatment is sprayed with the agent according to the set dosage, and the leaves, backs and the entire plant are wet without dripping. After 24 hours, the whole plant is sprayed with a spore suspension of Phytophthora infestans, and the concentration of the suspension is 2×10 5 / mL, based on the back of the leaf being moist and not dripping. Bag to keep moisture, and culture at 25℃ for 48h to facilitate disease. 5 days after inoculation, observe and record the disease of different treatments, and investigate 3 leaves per tomato plant. Calculate the incidence and disease index of tomato plants. The grading standards for tomato late blight (based on leaves) are as follows:

[0071] Level 0, no disease;

[0072] Level 1, only a few small lesions on the leaves;

[0073] Level 3: the lesions on the leaves account for 11% to 15% of the leaf area;

[0074] Level 5: The lesions on the leaves account for 26% to 50% of the leaf area;

[0075] Level 7: the lesions on the leaves account for more than 50% of the leaf area;

[0076] Level 9: All leaves become diseased and wilt.

[0077] Disease index = [(Σ(number of diseased leaves at each level × relative level) / (total number of leaves investigated × 9)] × 100

[0078] Control effect % = (disease index of blank control group - disease index of treatment group) / disease index of blank control group × 100

[0079] Table 6. Results of the indoor pot test of 40% fosetyl ammonium solution for controlling tomato late blight

[0080]

[0081] Note: Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments (P<0.05).

[0082] As shown in Table 6, the control effect of different doses of ethoate ammonium aqueous solution on tomato late blight was above 73%, and the control effect of high dose treatment could reach above 85%, which could significantly reduce the occurrence of tomato late blight, and the control effect was higher than that of the control agent.

[0083] Example 5

[0084] Tomato damping-off: The tomato planting method refers to Example 2, and the treatment concentrations are the same as in Example 3. Each treatment was repeated 3 times, and each repeat was set with 9 pots of tomatoes, that is, 27 pots of plants were treated. When the tomatoes reached the 6-leaf stage, each treatment was treated with root irrigation according to the set dosage of the drug, and each pot of plants was irrigated with 20 mL of the drug. After 24 hours, the spore suspension of Pythium aphanidermatum was artificially inoculated, and the suspension concentration was 1×10 6 / mL, 1mL was inoculated per pot of plants. The spore suspension was inoculated into the soil at the root of the tomato, bagged to keep moisture, and cultured at 25℃ for 48h to facilitate disease. Observe and record the disease of different treatments 7 days after inoculation, and calculate the death rate of tomato plants.

[0085] Table 7. Results of indoor pot test on tomato damping-off disease with 40% fosetyl ammonium solution

[0086]

[0087] Note: Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments (P<0.05).

[0088] As can be seen from Table 7, the prevention effect of 800 times diluted 40% ammonium fonate aqueous solution on tomato damping-off disease is 86.36%, and the prevention effect of high-dose treatment can reach 100%, which can significantly reduce the occurrence of tomato damping-off disease and reduce seedling death, and the prevention effect is higher than that of the control agent.

[0089] Example 6

[0090] Tomato planting conditions refer to Example 2. When the tomato seedlings grow to three leaves and one heart and are about to start flower bud differentiation, they are treated with 40% fosetyl ammonium aqueous solution of each concentration for the first time. After 48 hours, the tomato plants are cultured under different temperature conditions according to Table 8, and other culture conditions are the same. Each treatment agent is sprayed once every 7 days, for a total of 3 times, and each spraying is based on the leaf surface, leaf back and the whole plant being completely wet and not dripping.

[0091] Table 8. Experimental treatments of 40% fosetyl ammonium on physiological parameters of tomato plants

[0092]

[0093]

[0094] On the 21st day of high temperature treatment (37°C / 27°C day / night), when flower bud differentiation was completed, growth indicators (plant height, fresh and dry weight, number of flower buds, chlorophyll content, and seedling index) were measured.

[0095] 1. Plant height and fresh and dry weight: Measure the height from the dividing point of the rhizome to the top growth point, and record it as the plant height; pull out the tomato plants, wash them, wipe them dry with filter paper, weigh the fresh weight of the whole plant, and dry them at 105℃ to weigh the dry weight of the whole plant.

[0096] 2. Determination of flower bud quantity: On the 21st day after the exogenous spraying treatment, the number of flower buds differentiated in the first inflorescence at the top growth point of the tomato stem was observed and counted using a stereo microscope.

[0097] 3. Chlorophyll content: The chlorophyll content of the whole plant was determined by ethanol:acetone = 1:1 V / V extraction method.

[0098] 4. Seedling index: Seedling index = (total chlorophyll content / plant height) dry mass of the whole plant.

[0099] Table 9. Results of the test on the effect of 40% fosetyl ammonium on the physiological indexes of tomato plants

[0100] Processing Name Plant height Fresh weight Dry Weight Number of flower buds Chlorophyll Seedling index% CK1 18.14a 4.774b 0.4355b 5.1b 2.731b 6.56 CK2 13.07e 2.244d 0.2217d 2.5e 1.622c 2.75 Processing 1 18.79a 5.218a 0.5335a 5.6a 3.092a 8.78 Process 2 16.54cd 4.033c 0.3855c 3.8d 2.903ab 6.72 Processing three 17.19bc 4.72b 0.4282b 3.9d 2.879ab 7.17 Processing Four 15.96d 4.26c 0.3981c 4.5c 2.785b 6.95 Processing Five 17.99ab 4.886ab 0.4813ab 5.4ab 2.9ab 7.76 Processing six 12.47e 2.461d 0.235d 2.4e 1.799c 3.39

[0101] Note: Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments (P<0.05).

[0102] As shown in Table 9, under high temperature treatment, the plant height, fresh weight, chlorophyll content and number of flower buds of tomato seedlings decreased to varying degrees. Tomatoes treated with clean water and positive control agents had no resistance to high temperature stress, which would seriously affect the growth and development of the plants. After being treated with 40% ammonium fosetyl, the physiological indicators of the plants could gradually recover to the level of conventional treatment under high temperature stress, and had obvious growth advantages compared with tomato seedlings treated with clean water under the same conditions. Under normal conditions (25℃ / 15℃ day / night), compared with the control agent, 40% ammonium fosetyl had no obvious effect on increasing the plant height of tomato plants, but had a significant effect on improving the fresh weight, chlorophyll content and number of flower buds of tomato plants, indicating that 40% ammonium fosetyl could make tomato seedlings thicker, leaves greener, and the net photosynthesis rate increased.

[0103] Example 7

[0104] Tomato planting conditions refer to Example 2. When the tomato seedlings grow to three leaves and one heart and are about to start flower bud differentiation, they are treated with 40% fosetyl ammonium aqueous solution at various concentrations for the first time. After 48 hours, the tomato plants are cultured under different temperature conditions according to Table 10. Except for the temperature, other culture conditions are the same.

[0105] Table 10.40% fosetyl ammonium treatment on tomato plant stress resistance

[0106] Processing Name Drug Name Dosage Culture conditions CK Shimizu 25℃ / 15℃ day / night Process A 40% ammonium fosetylate aqueous solution 400 times 25℃ / 15℃ day / night Treatment B 40% ammonium fosetylate aqueous solution 400 times 37℃ / 27℃ day / night Process C 80% Fosetyl Aluminum wp 350 times 25℃ / 15℃ day / night Processing D 80% Fosetyl Aluminum wp 350 times 37℃ / 27℃ day / night

[0107] On the second day of high temperature treatment, the following enzyme activity indicators were measured.

[0108] 1. SOD (superoxide dismutase): Spectrophotometric method, through xanthine and xanthine oxidase reaction system to produce superoxide anion (O2 - ), O2- can reduce nitro blue tetrazolium to generate blue formazan, which absorbs at 560nm; SOD can remove O2-, thereby inhibiting the formation of formazan; the darker the blue color of the reaction solution, the lower the SOD activity, and vice versa. The SOD activity unit is expressed as 50% inhibition of nitro blue tetrazolium photochemical reduction as one enzyme activity unit, and the unit is U·g-1FW.

[0109] 2. PPO (polyphenol oxidase): Spectrophotometric method, PPO can catalyze catechol to produce quinone, which has characteristic light absorption at 410nm. The enzyme activity is expressed as 1 activity unit (U) when the OD value changes by 0.01 per gram of sample per minute. The unit is U·g -1 FW means, wherein FW means fresh weight.

[0110] 3. PAL (phenylalanine ammonia lyase): spectrophotometric method, PAL catalyzes the cleavage of L-phenylalanine into trans-cinnamic acid and ammonia. Trans-cinnamic acid has a maximum absorption value at 290nm. The PAL activity is calculated by measuring the rate of increase in absorbance. The enzyme activity is expressed as 1 activity unit (U) when the OD value changes by 0.01 per gram of sample per minute. The unit is U·g -1 FW means, wherein FW means fresh weight.

[0111] Table 11. Results of the test on stress resistance of tomato plants with 40% fosetyl ammonium

[0112] Processing Name SOD U / g FW PPO U / g FW PAL U / g FW CK 6.88d 24.21d 19.69d Process A 17.98b 40.29b 34.56b Treatment B 29.61a 58.66a 49.71a Process C 8.78d 27.32c 20.98d Processing D 15.34c 42.77b 24.24c

[0113] Note: Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments (P<0.05).

[0114] As shown in Table 11, after being treated with 400 times diluted 40% ethoate solution, the activity of SOD enzyme in tomato leaves increased, indicating that ethoate can promote the activity of antioxidant enzymes in plants and reduce and eliminate the accumulation of reactive oxygen in the body. Under high temperature stress, the increase in SOD enzyme activity was higher than that of the positive control, indicating that ethoate has the ability to enhance defense in the face of adverse natural conditions. Compared with CK and positive control agents, the activities of PPO and PAL in tomato leaves treated with ethoate were significantly improved, indicating that ethoate can increase the accumulation of phenolic substances related to plant disease resistance and the synthesis of key enzymes of phenylpropanoid metabolism and some important secondary biomass such as lignin, isoflavone phytoalexin, etc., indicating that 40% ethoate has a good effect on improving the stress resistance of tomato plants under high temperature stress.

[0115] Example 8

[0116] The experiment set up three treatments (treatment 1, treatment 2, treatment 3), one positive control (treatment 4), and one blank control (CK). Each treatment was repeated three times, and the area of ​​each plot was 30m 2 The plots were arranged in random blocks. The tomato variety was "Fen Beibei", the field diseases occurred naturally, the ecological environment was the same, and the treatment doses were set as shown in Table 12. In addition, the other agricultural operations in each plot were the same, and no fungicides effective against tomato early blight, late blight, and damping-off were used.

[0117] Table 12. Experimental treatments of 40% fosetyl ammonium on tomato yield

[0118] Processing Name Drug Name Dosage CK Shimizu Processing 1 40% ammonium fosetylate aqueous solution 100 times Processing 2 40% ammonium fosetylate aqueous solution 200 times Processing three 40% ammonium fosetylate aqueous solution 500 times Processing Four 80% Fosetyl Aluminum wp 200 times

[0119] Tomato seedlings were transplanted when they had three leaves and one heart. The first application of the drug was carried out 15 days after the tomato seedlings were planted. The root irrigation method was adopted. Watering was carried out according to the set dilution multiple, and each seedling was 200mL. Later, the foliar spray was used for treatment once during the flowering period, fruit setting period, and fruit expansion period. The spraying amount was based on the wetness of the leaf surface, leaf back and the whole plant; it was used 4 times in total. Three random sampling points were taken in each plot, and a total of 6 tomato plants were investigated, and the yield of the whole field was measured later.

[0120] Measurement indicators: During the fruit maturity period, measure the number of fruits in the first bunch, harvest the mature fruits of the first, second, third and fourth bunches respectively, calculate the yield cumulatively, and count the tomato yield during the entire harvest period.

[0121] Table 13. Data on the effect of 40% fosetyl ammonium on tomato yield

[0122]

[0123]

[0124] As shown in Table 13, high doses of 40% ammonium fosetyl can increase the number of fruits in the first ear of tomatoes, while the effect is not obvious at low doses. Compared with the positive control, different treatments of 40% ammonium fosetyl can increase the per-acre yield of tomatoes, and the yield-increasing effect is obvious, indicating that ammonium fosetyl can improve the quality of single tomato fruits and promote the improvement of tomato yield and quality.

Claims

1. Use of ammonium fonate in preventing and controlling plant diseases caused by Alternaria solani, Phytophthora infestans and Pythium aphanidermatum, or in preparing pesticide preparations for preventing and controlling plant diseases caused by Alternaria solani, Phytophthora infestans and Pythium aphanidermatum.

2. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plant diseases caused by Alternaria solani are tomato early blight, potato early blight, pepper early blight, and tobacco early blight; the plant diseases caused by Phytophthora infestans are late tomato late blight and potato late blight; the plant diseases caused by Pythium aphanidermatum are cucumber Pythium root rot, watermelon Pythium damping-off, tomato damping-off, tomato cotton rot, cabbage damping-off, and cotton seedling damping-off.

3. Use of ammonium fosetyl in the preparation of plant immune inducers.

4. The use according to claim 3, characterized in that: The application is the application of ammonium ethoate in the preparation of a plant immune inducer for improving the high temperature stress resistance of crops.

5. Use of ammonium fosetyl for promoting crop growth or for preparing a preparation for promoting crop growth and / or increasing yield.

6. A pesticide preparation, characterized in that: The aqueous solution is made of the following components in mass fraction: 20% to 80% of ammonium ethylphosphonate, 3% to 15% of a surfactant, 2% to 5% of a thickener, 1% to 3% of an antifreeze agent, and the balance is water.

7. The pesticide formulation according to claim 6, characterized in that: The pesticide preparation is an aqueous solution made of the following components by mass fraction: 40% to 50% of ammonium fosetyl, 4% to 8% of a surfactant, 2% to 3.5% of a thickener, 2% to 3.5% of an antifreeze, and the balance is water; preferably, it is an aqueous solution made of the following components by mass fraction: 40% of ammonium fosetyl, 5% to 8% of a surfactant, 2.5% to 3.5% of a thickener, and 1.5% to 2.5% of an antifreeze.

8. The pesticide formulation according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that: The surfactant is selected from at least one of alkyl polyglycosides, glucose amides, alcohol ether carboxylates, amide ether carboxylates, monoalkyl phosphonates, monoalkyl ether phosphonates, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylenes, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ethers, sulfonates, sulfonates, amides, silicones, and carboxylate dispersants; The thickener is selected from at least one of PEG-80 glyceryl tallow esters, PEC-8PPG-3 diisostearate, PEG-200 hydrogenated glyceryl palmitate, PEG-n (n=6, 8, 12) beeswax, PEG-4 isostearate, PEG-n (n=3, 4, 8, 150) distearate, PEG-18 glyceryl oleate / cocoate, PEG-8 dioleate, PEG-200 glyceryl stearate, xanthan gum, carboxymethyl cellulose, and polyacrylic acid; The antifreeze agent is selected from at least one of common antifreeze agents such as ethylene glycol, glycerol, DMSO, isopropanol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, urea, etc.

9. A fosetyl ammonium aqueous solution, characterized in that: It is made of the following components in mass fraction: 20% ammonium phosphinate, 4% alkyl glucose amide, 2% carboxymethyl cellulose, 2% glycerol, and the balance is water; or 30% ammonium phosphinate, 5% disodium lauryl sulfosuccinate, 2.5% xanthan gum, 2% glycerol, and the balance is water; or 40% ammonium phosphinate, 5% sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, 2.8% xanthan gum, 2% glycerol, and the balance is water; or 50% ammonium phosphinate, 5% sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, 2.8% carboxymethyl cellulose, 2% glycerol, and the balance is water; or 60% ammonium phosphinate, 8% sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, 3% xanthan gum, 2.5% glycerol, and the balance is water; or 80% ammonium phosphinate, 8% disodium lauryl sulfosuccinate, 3.5% xanthan gum, 3% glycerol, and the balance is water.

10. A green control method for preventing and treating plant diseases caused by Alternaria solani, Phytophthora infestans, and Pythium aphanidermatum, characterized in that: include: The method of use is foliar spraying and / or root irrigation of ethoate; the pesticide preparation according to claim 6 or 7 or the ethoate aqueous solution according to claim 9 is used, and the dosage is 200 to 500 times, preferably 200 to 400 times.

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